co2 and clean coal future needs for energy research infrastructure tony kaiser june, 2005

CO2 and Clean Coal Future Needs for Energy Research Infrastructure

Tony Kaiser

June, 2005June, 2005

300505\1st June presentation in Brussels_4.ppz

2

Long Term Energy Market

Different needs world-wide- uneven access to modern energy

Growth of Renewable Energy but ….

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

1,800

2,000

2,200

GW

Gas Coal Hydro Other renewables Oil Nuclear Fuel cells

IEA projections of global power stations to be

built by 2030

Capacity

IEA World Energy Outlook 2003

Continuous reliance on fossil fuels

– especially likes of China and India


3

Long Term Competitive Position

Huge growth in China inward investment in capability Chinese equipment suppliers likely to become world playerseg Steam Turbines companies (like Shanghai and

Harbin) have annual capacity of over 30 GW

AfricaE. AsiaChinaPacificEuropeNorth America

Middle East

Transition economies

South Asia

Latin America

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900

$ b

illio

n (2

000

do

llars

)

IEA projections of global power station to be built

by 2030

Investment

Continuous need to develop the technology – focus on high added value components and systems

IEA WEO 2004

Europe will face harsh competition global markets not just from USA and Japan but also increasingly from Asia


4

Technology Solutions: Increasing Efficiency of Thermal Power

Improve “business as usual”

• increase efficiency

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

Eff

icie

ncy

(%

)

Combined cycleSteam turbine plantGas turbine

1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 2020

Market Intelligence / Trends / TR190 JW1 / 980531

452 kg CO2/MWh

583 kg CO2/MWh

920 kg CO2/MWh

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Kohle

Öl

Gas

Quelle: IEA/OECD, France (2000)

Improve “business as usual”

• fuel switch to less carbon-intensive fuels


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Efficiencies of coal plants in EU


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Potential CO2 Reduction in EU


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Power Plant Efficiency Evolution

1. Plant efficiency has improved steadily over the years2. Efficiency increase from Subcritical to USC can, for

example, yield up to 30% CO2 emissions reduction


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CO2 Capture Options

Towards Zero Emissions Towards Zero Emissions at the right priceat the right price

CirculatingFluidized Bed Boiler

O2

EOR

CO2N2

Air

Fuel• Pet. Coke• Coal• Biomass

Recirculation

Steam

Steam

CO2 cycle gasout

Flue Gasfromgas

turbine

CO2 depletedflue gas toheat recovery unit

CO2 cycle gasin

CO2 ab-/desorbingcoating

Heatinsulatingmaterial

Rotorcorematerial Element structure

Front-End

Tail-End

Integrated

Pre-combustion Front End– IGCC based systems– Carbonate capture– Chemical looping

Oxygen Combustion– Internal (membrane) or external

(ASU) oxygen supply

Post Combustion “Tail-end” CO2 capture– Absorption/stripping process

using MEA, physical absorbents …..


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Post Combustion Capture with Exhaust Gas Recirculation

Exhaust

Air

Fuel (CH4)

Cooling air

Combustor

HRSG

CO2

removal

CO2

Steam

BFW

Gen.

H2O

Exhaust

Air

Fuel (CH4)

Cooling air

Combustor

HRSG

CO2

removal

CO2

Steam

BFW

Gen.Gen.

H2O

• Allows increase in CO2 concentration in exhaust gas


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Strategic Trajectories

CarbonReduction

Time

`Increased Efficiency`Trajectory

`Zero Emissions`Trajectory

Near-term Mid-term Long-term

High efficiency combined with `Capture ready` concept?

Value of CO2?Geography?

Flexible strategy to cover uncertain future


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Energy RTD and D is a critical issue for future in Europe and world-wide– Wide range of drivers : Competitiveness, Market Need, Security of Supply,

Environment, Global Climate Change, ……..– Needs to be a recognized identified theme in FP7– Needs to have a significant budget assigned in FP7

FP7 - Importance of Energy

Importance of a balanced approach to Energy RTD & D Importance of a balanced approach to Energy RTD & D

Portfolio approach needed in FP7 for Energy RTD and D– Non-nuclear energy programme needs to be comparable with that of

Euratom/Nuclear– Renewable Energy, Hydrogen/FCs, Networks/T&D, Energy Efficiency, Storage

……… and – Clean use of fossil fuels (= near zero emission power generation)


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All measures will be required– different solutions in different parts of the world

Not one single winning technology– complementary actions

Broad portfolio approach necessary– energy efficiency, REN, fossil, nuclear

Development of energy technology will be essential

Clean use of fossil fuels: a critical transition for decades yet, in getting to a sustainable energy future

‘Helicopter’ Viewpoint


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General issue – Demonstration and Upscaling of Technologies

Small scale test rigs are readily available in EU

EU-Funding of Upscaling of Technology and Large scale Demonstration of Technology

Need for energy infrastructure and demonstrator projects to– better deployment energy technologies,– reduce technical risks, – Show economical competitiveness

• See e.g. U.S. with “FutureGen”, H-Class GT….

however

not solved in EU


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Current energy research infrastructures – (not complete)

Cologne, DLR ALSTOM

– H2 combustion test rigs– test centre (GT26, GT8C) CH– Whetstone test centre

Siemens test facility in Berlin SINTEF IGCC plants

– Puertolano, Buggenum

RR UTCs CCP (BP, Shell, Statoil…)

Numerous universities – Cranfield, ETH Zürich, PSI, etc

IFP– Test rigs for “chemical looping”

Linde, BOC– Air separation membranes

NTNU Norway, University Paderborn– Modelling and optimization of

zero emissions power plants

…


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Energy technologies for which research infrastructures needed (I)

Air separation – Membranes, CAR (Ceramic autothermal recovery), etc.

Oxygen-fired boilers Chemical looping

– O2 transport into boiler– CO2 capture within boiler

CO2 capturing and stripping– CO2 capturing from diluted streams (low T, low p)– CO2 capturing within GT cycle (high T, high p)

Efficiency increase (and cost reduction)– CO2 capture cycles and– Benefits to standard cycle as well


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Energy technologies for which research infrastructures needed (II)

H2, syngas capable gas turbines– Combustion– Aerodynamics– Materials, e.g. high-strength rotors, thick TBCs– Hot gas clean-up

GT with flue gas recycle – CO2 capture by membranes– Flue gas treatment

Integration of technologies – Gasifier with gas turbine– CO2 separation in gas turbine cycle– Gas cleaning


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Examples for future energy research infrastructures needed

Oxygen fired circulating fluidized bed demo ( O2CFB ) Oxygen fired pulverized coal demo ( O2PC ) Oxygen separation unit demo Chemical looping demo GT, ST with enabling technologies for higher efficiency (GTCC>60%) Hydrogen, syngas combustion lab Flue gas recycle GT and CO2 capture demo CO2 membrane demo CO2 anti-sublimation (CO2 frosting, GT, Steam cycle) New CO2 scrubbing technology demos (other than standard MEA

scrubbing)

– (this is not a priority order yet)


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Proposal for working team

Work out details of proposed research infrastructure needed– Optimal Place– Partners (equipment suppliers, power generators, universities, SMEs)– Cost– Size of pilot/demonstration equipment– Technical specifications to reach R&D targets

Team members proposed (not complete yet)– ALSTOM– S/W– Vattenfall, RWE, EdF and European subsidiaries, Endesa, – SINTEF, IFP, NTNU, …more to be defined!

Due date for specific proposals?

www.alstom.com

co2 and clean coal future needs for energy research infrastructure tony kaiser june, 2005

Documents

energy infrastructure

energy importance

eu slide

india slide

asia slide

emissions reduction

uncertain future slide

exhaust gas slide