co co-combustion of various fuels combustion of various fuels … co... · 2017-02-21 ·...

KEPCO Research Institute, Plug-in Future

Co-combustion of Various Fuels in a Commercial CFB Boiler

CoCo--combustion of Various Fuels combustion of Various Fuels in a Commercial CFB Boilerin a Commercial CFB Boiler

KEPCO Research Institute, Green Energy LaboratoryKEPCO Research Institute, Green Energy LaboratoryJongMin LeeJongMin Lee([email protected])([email protected]), , D.W. Kim, J.S. Kim, K.I. Park, T.H. LeeD.W. Kim, J.S. Kim, K.I. Park, T.H. Lee


Outlook for Fuel Utilization - World Outlook for Fuel Utilization Outlook for Fuel Utilization -- WorldWorld

Coal Consumption and OutlookCoal Consumption and Outlook•• Coal Reserves (929.3 billion short tons)Coal Reserves (929.3 billion short tons)

: about: about 50%50% -- low value coalslow value coals•• 42% of Coal Production 42% of Coal Production

EE--Power Gen.Power Gen.: increase low value coal utilization: increase low value coal utilization

•• Primary Energy Consumption Primary Energy Consumption [1965~2005][1965~2005]

•• Renewable EnergyRenewable Energy[2005][2005]

Coal

Gas

Oil

HydroNuclear

[ref. BP Statistical Review of World Energy ‘06]

[ref. IEA Report 2007 (a)]

•• EU Wood pellet IndustryEU Wood pellet Industry

Fuel DiversificationFuel Diversification•• CFB BoilerCFB Boiler (best way for fuel flexibility)(best way for fuel flexibility)

: : ’’09 market share09 market share

up to up to 10%10%: possible to use low value coals and : possible to use low value coals and various renewable fuels(biomass, waste)various renewable fuels(biomass, waste)

Renewable Energy Utilization StatusRenewable Energy Utilization Status•• 13%13% Share of Primary Energy ProductionShare of Primary Energy Production

: Combustible/Waste : Combustible/Waste –– about 10% about 10% •• EU :EU : ““Biomass Action Plan Biomass Action Plan ‘‘0505””•• Japan : Conversion of Waste into Energy Japan : Conversion of Waste into Energy

• Biomass, RPF/RDF, Sludge

[ref. IEA Report 2007 (a)]


‘‘05~05~’’30 Renewable30 Renewable E: >20% of CoalE: >20% of Coal•• 21% of CO21% of CO22 Reduction Reduction

Renewable ERenewable E•• Considerable shares in Renewable Considerable shares in Renewable EnergyEnergy: combustible energy source: combustible energy source(biomass, waste)(biomass, waste)

Fuel Diversification (substantial and realistic measures of CO2 ) Fuel DiversificationFuel Diversification (substantial and realistic measures of CO(substantial and realistic measures of CO22 ))


Vitalization of Using Renewable EVitalization of Using Renewable E--resources(Waste/Biomass/Waste) as Fuelresources(Waste/Biomass/Waste) as Fuel•• WastesWastes –– 3,400,0003,400,000 TOE /y (Waste PlasticTOE /y (Waste Plastic ((’’10)10) : about: about 2,000,000 t/y generation)2,000,000 t/y generation)•• Sewage Sludge : 3,027,829 mSewage Sludge : 3,027,829 m33/y/y (sea dumping(sea dumping 47%, landfill47%, landfill 15%, reuse15%, reuse 25%, incineration25%, incineration 13%)13%)•• BiomassBiomass : 2,000,000m: 2,000,000m22(potential) (potential) –– 5,000,000 t/y(5,000,000 t/y(‘‘20) supply plan (by Korea Forest Service 20) supply plan (by Korea Forest Service ’’10)10)

Potential of Fuel Diversification (Korea) Potential of Fuel Diversification Potential of Fuel Diversification (Korea)(Korea)

191,531

952,026

238,11277,575

161,127301,738

87,782

161,617

302,029

64,302

278,111

92,958

342,279380,197)

• RPF Generation (’09, t/y)

43,786

62,126)

25,910 16,350

30,402

12,945

7,620

15,755

31,320

4,519

38,931

10,869

15,500

10,60627,903

• Waste Generation (’09, 톤/일)

생활계(14%), 사업장

(35%), 건설폐기물(51%)

573,258

852,292

101,21267,674

98,336183,057

88,731

138,784

75,924

92,925

143,936

141,505

73,137176,172

• Sewage Sludge Generation (‘09)

200,304

• Biomass Potential

CompanyEWP

(Donghae- 200MW e)

KPSEP(YeoSu- 340MWe)

KOSPO(Smacheok-

500MWe)HHV

(kcal/kg) 4,500 4,900 4,200Anthracite,

Subbitu. Coal

Status UnderOperation

UnderOperation

UnderConstruction

Fuel Diversification

• CFB boiler for E-Power Gen. in Korea • Utilization of Renewable Energy Source구분 EWP (Donghae CFB)

Fuel RDF WoodPellet

WoodChip

Co-com. 5% 5% 10%


ObjectiveObjectiveObjective

in Donghae CFB boiler

in in Donghae CFB boilerDonghae CFB boiler

RDF (Refuse Derived Fuel)RDF (Refuse Derived Fuel)

Biomass PelletBiomass Pellet

Biomass ChipBiomass Chip

with with

Main fuel : Anthracite/Bituminous coalMain fuel : Anthracite/Bituminous coal

Assessment of co-combustion of various fuelsin existing commercial CFB boiler

Assessment of coAssessment of co--combustion of various fuelscombustion of various fuelsin existing commercial CFB boilerin existing commercial CFB boiler


Donghae CFB BoilerDonghae CFB BoilerDonghae CFB Boiler

mm TypeType-- CFB, IndoorCFB, Indoor-- Natural CirculationNatural Circulation-- Balanced Draft SystemBalanced Draft System

mm Leading SpecificationLeading Specification-- Steam Flow : 693 T/HSteam Flow : 693 T/H-- Max. Operating P @ T: Max. Operating P @ T: 169.6 kg/cm169.6 kg/cm22, 541, 541ooCC

mm Emission Control DesignedEmission Control Designed-- SOSO22 (O(O22 :6%) : :6%) : 150ppm150ppm-- NOx(ONOx(O22 : 6%) : 350ppm: 6%) : 350ppm

mm Ash DistributionAsh Distribution-- Fly Ash : 50%Fly Ash : 50%-- Bottom Ash : 50% Bottom Ash : 50%

mm Rectangular Furnace DesignRectangular Furnace Design-- More than 2:1 Aspect Ratio More than 2:1 Aspect Ratio

: to Allow for Good Fuel Mixing: to Allow for Good Fuel Mixing-- Size : 32m (H) x 19m (W) x 7m Size : 32m (H) x 19m (W) x 7m

(L)(L)-- StartStart--up Burner (Side Wall) : 4up Burner (Side Wall) : 4-- Lance Burner : SideLance Burner : Side--2, Rear2, Rear--33


Fuel AnalysesFuel AnalysesFuel Analyses

RDF

Wood Pellet

Coal

Wood Chip


RDF/wood pellet feeding siteRDF/wood pellet feeding site

RDF/wood feeding systemRDF/wood feeding system

Field Test Procedure Field Test Procedure Field Test Procedure


Reaction PatternReaction PatternReaction Pattern

Temperature [ oC]

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900

X [-

]

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

5oC/min10 oC/min20 oC/min30 oC/min

Korean Anthracite RDF Wood Pellet

Temperature [oC]

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900

Wei

ght L

oss

(X) [

-]

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

Der

ivat

ive

Wei

ght

Loss

(dX/

dt) [

1/m

in]

0.00

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

Weight Loss (X)Derivative Weight Loss (dX/dt)

1st region

2nd region

3rd region

Wood Pellet 5oC/min


Wood Pellet Co-Combustion Ratio [%]

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Tem

pera

ture

[o C

]

860

880

900

930

940

950

Furnace Lower PartFurnace Upper PartFurnace ExitCyclone Exit

RDF Co-Combustion Ratio [%]

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Tem

pera

ture

[o C

]

860

880

900

930

940

950

Furnace Lower PartFurnace Upper PartFurnace ExitCyclone Exit

Co-Combustion Results (Temperature -1) CoCo--Combustion Results Combustion Results (Temperature (Temperature --1)1)

Backpass

Coal Silo

Boiler

Cyclone

FBAC

FBHE

Primary Air

Air

Air

Solid Flow

Air

Solid Flow

Gas FlowGas Flow

Windbox


W ood C h ip co -com bustion ra tio [-]

0 .00 0 .01 0 .02 0 .03 0 .04 0 .05 0 .06 0 .07

Tem

pera

ture

[oC

]

8 60

870

880

890

900

910

920

U p per F u rnaceLow er F u rnaceF urna ce ex itC yc lone ex it

wood chip co-combustion ratio [-]

0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

Tem

pera

ture

[oC

]

860

870

880

890

900

910

920

930

Upper FuranceLower Furnace Furnace exitCyclone exit

Co-Combustion Results (Temperature -2) CoCo--Combustion Results Combustion Results (Temperature (Temperature --2)2)

Wood chip co-combustion ratio

0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

Tem

pera

ture

[o C]

840

860

880

900

920

940

960

Upper furnaceLower furnaceFurnace exitCyclone exit


0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Tota

l Pre

ssur

e D

rop

[mm

H2O

]

1200

1300

1400

1500

1600


0 1 2 3 4 5 6Mid

dle

Par

t Pre

ssur

e D

rop

[mm

H2O

]

460

480

500

520

540

Upp

er P

art P

ress

ure

Dro

p [m

mH

2O]

120

150

180

210

240

270

Low

er P

art P

ress

ure

Dro

p [m

mH

2O]

960

990

1020

1050

1080

1110

Total Pressure DropLower Part Pressure Drop

Upper Part Pressure DropMiddle Part Pressure Drop

Backpass

Coal Silo

Boiler

Cyclone

FBAC

FBHE

Primary Air

Air

Air

Solid Flow

Air

Solid Flow

Gas FlowGas Flow

Windbox

Co-Combustion Results (Pressure) CoCo--Combustion Results Combustion Results (Pressure)(Pressure)


Wood chip co-combustion ratio [-]

0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

Unb

urnt

car

bon

fratio

n [%

]

0

4

8

12

16

Fly ashBottom ash


0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06

Unb

urnt

car

bon

fract

ion

[%]

0

5

10

15

20

Fly ashBottom ash


0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

Unb

urnt

car

bon

fract

ion

[%]

0

5

10

15

20

25

Fly ashBottom ash

Co-Combustion Results (unburned carbon) CoCo--Combustion Results Combustion Results (unburned carbon)(unburned carbon)



0 1 2 3 4 5 6

SO2 &

NO

x E

mis

sion

[pp

m, 6

% O

2]

0

50

100

150

200

250

Lim

esto

ne F

eedi

ng R

ate

[t/h

]

0

2

4

6

8

10

SO2NOx

Limestone

Wood Pellet Co-Combustion Ratio [%]

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

SO

2 & N

Ox

Em

issi

on [

ppm

, 6%

O2]

0

50

100

150

200

250

Lim

esto

ne F

eedi

ng R

ate

[t/h

]

0

2

4

6

8

10

SO2NOx

Limestone

Co-Combustion Results (Emission -1) CoCo--Combustion Results Combustion Results (Emission (Emission --1)1)



0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06

Con

cent

ratio

n [p

pm]

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Lim

esto

ne c

onsu

mpt

ion

[ton/

h]

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

SOxNOxLImestone consumption


0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10 0.12

Con

cent

ratio

n [p

pm]

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

limes

tone

con

sum

ptio

n [to

n/h]

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

SOxNOxlimestone consumption



Co-Combustion Ratio [%]

0 2 4 6 8 10

Dio

xins

[ng

-TE

Q/S

m3 ]

0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

Wood pelletRDF

Wood pellet

Regulation limit


0 1 2 3 4 5 6

HC

l Em

issi

on [

ppm

]

0

1

2

3

4

5

Amou

nt o

f Chl

orin

e [k

g/da

y]

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

Chlorine in RDFChlorine in AshHCl in Flue Gas



Conditions(RDF)

0 % 1 % 3 % 5 %RegulationF/A B/A F/A B/A F/A B/A F/A B/A

Pb (mg/l) ND ND 0.01 0.02 0.01 ND 0.02 ND 3.0Cu (mg/l) ND ND 0.028 0.036 0.022 0.023 0.021 0.021 1.0As (mg/l) ND ND 0.017 0.004 0.008 0.005 0.01 0.012 1.5Hg (mg/l) ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.005Cd (mg/l) ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.3Cr6+ (mg/l) ND ND 0.09 ND 0.11 ND 0.16 ND 1.5CN- (mg/l) ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 1.5

Conditions(Wood pellet)

0 % 1 % 3 % 5 %RegulationF/A B/A F/A B/A F/A B/A F/A B/A

Pb (mg/l) ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 3.0Cu (mg/l) ND ND 0.021 0.030 0.074 0.022 0.037 ND 1.0As (mg/l) ND ND 0.010 0.015 0.034 0.018 0.013 0.023 1.5Hg (mg/l) ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.005Cd (mg/l) ND ND 0.004 ND ND ND ND ND 0.3Cr6+ (mg/l) ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.16 ND 1.5CN- (mg/l) ND ND 0.010 ND ND ND ND ND 1.5

Conditions(Wood chip)

0 % 3 % 10 % (1차) 10 %(2차) RegulationF/A B/A F/A B/A F/A B/A F/A B/APb (mg/l) ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 3.0Cu (mg/l) ND ND 0.074 0.101 0.095 0.022 0.044 0.035 1.0As (mg/l) ND ND ND 0.014 ND ND ND ND 1.5Hg (mg/l) ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.005Cd (mg/l) ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.3Cr6+ (mg/l) ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 1.5CN- (mg/l) ND ND 0.01 ND ND ND ND ND 1.5



SISI--TR output (RDF)TR output (RDF)

SISI--TR output (Biomass)TR output (Biomass)



Co-combustion ratio 0% 1% 3% 5%

Power Generation(MW) 200.9 201.6 201.3 200.9

Coal consumption(t/h) 107.09 104.27 103.98 102.87

Heating value of fuel (kcal/kg) 4,842 4,968 4,966 4,844

Supplying heating value (Gcal/h) 518.5 518.0 516.4 498.3

Power Generation/Supplying heating value(MWh/Mcal) 387.5 389.2 389.8 403.2

Bituminous Coal Ratio [%]

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35Pow

er G

en./C

oal F

low

[MW

/ t/h

]

1.9

2.0

2.1

2.2

2.3

Actual Power Gen./Coal FlowPower Gen./Coal Flow based on Heating Value

Bituminous coalBituminous coal

Wood PelletWood Pellet

Co-Combustion Results (Performance) CoCo--Combustion Results Combustion Results (Performance)(Performance)


ConclusionConclusionConclusion

Solution is ... Fuel Diversification

Pouring money into power plant, and emission of CO2 !

Problems are ...

Economical & Environmental EfficiencyEconomical & Environmental EfficiencyFuel supply and demand Fuel supply and demand


Thank You.Thank You.

co co-combustion of various fuels combustion of various fuels … co... · 2017-02-21 ·...

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