Clusters and Industrial AgglomerationsProject GIFIP

Survey in SerbiaNovi Sad, 2008 by Isidora Budić, Massimo Iacovazzi

GIFIP (Integrated Governance of productive companies in sectoral Clusters)

To develop the public - private integrated governance in territories where clustering companies with common sectoral specialisation are shaping the potential growth of a district type economy, in particular in Local Productive Systems (LPS) where currently, variously associated companies are participating to the Serbian policy for the promotion of productive “clusters” aiming to make more of the added values of the productive chains: this is the general objective of the GIFIP project.

List of Clusters in Serbia: Agency for Wood, Beograd

Alco Cluster South Serbia

AC Serbia – Automobile Cluster S

Cluster BIPOM, Beograd

Istar 21, Novi Sad

Cluster JATO, Subotica

Fund “Kraljevski odmor”, Kraljevo

Cluster MEMOS, Inđija

Cluster Passage, Pančevo

Netwood, Kragujevac

Footwear, Knjaževac

Serbian Software Cluster, Beograd

Cluster Dunđer, Niš

Cluster Eko krug

Tourist Cluster of Microregion Palić – Ludaš

Fund for regional Health tourism Cluster - SPA, Kanjiža

Agrocooperativa, Horgoš

FUNGILAND, Vršac

Aluminijum Cluster, Pančevo

“Somborski salaši”, Sombor...

Survey results:

until 1970. 16% of interviewed companies cluster members started with their work, between 1979. - 1994. 34% of them, and in the last 10 years top 50%,

The year of establishment

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

Percent 16% 34% 50% 100%

Until 1970. 1979. - 1994. Last 10 years Total

Survey results:

75% of interviewed clusters have avearage of 20 registrated cluster members, 17% between 70 and 100 and 8% over 100 companies,

50% are private limited companies, around 30% independent agencies and around 20% are joint stock companies,

Type of company organization

Private limited company; 50%

Indenpendent agency; 30%

Joint stock company; 20%

Survey results: 90% of interviewed companies cluster members are involved in production and utilities, and 10% are rest,

from the total number of interviewed companies cluster members 95% gives final products and only 5% half finished materials,

Type of the product

95%

5%

0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%

100%

Final products Half finished materials

Survey results:

in 90% of cases computer is used for accounting purposes, internet, e-mails and 50% of them are using computer for electronic trading and technologies,

60% of interweaved companies dispose with equipment that is old between 2 and 10 years, 30% with equipment older than 10 years, and only 10% have equipment old less than 2 years,

Age of equipement

10%

60%

30%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

Less than 2 years From 2 to 10 years old Over 10 years old

Survey results:

60% of interviewed companies cluster members answered there are couple of existing companies on the territory with the production of the same product, 5% answered there are more than 10 companies and 35% answered there are without competition,

around 50% of interviewed companies cluster members answered they are sometimes working together on solving mutual problems, 5% answered they are using that joint collaboration like a tool against the market competition and 35% answered they are not collaborating at all,

Survey results:

45% answer they have suppliers in other regions, 35% in the same region and 30% in the same town,

60% has suppliers from the category of small and medium companies, and 30% of them from the category of big ones,

all interviewed companies cluster members have the same number of buyers in their town, region and other regions,

Survey results:

80% of companies buyers belong to the categories of small and medium enterprises and 20% to the category of the big ones,

55% interviewed companies cluster members answered that competition on the territory is average, 20% is strong, 15% not loyal and 5% it is week or no existing,

Type of competition

Average; 55%Strong; 20%

Not loyal; 15%

Week and not exIsting; 5%

Survey results:

30% of interviewed companies cluster members answered that information exchange with their competition is very important, 16% answered that this collaboration in situations of defending their “personal interests” is the most important like a lobby, 16% because of the education of their employees, 16% because of the joint using of infrastructure and for 18% that kind of collaboration is important in situations approving bank loans,

45% of interviewed companies cluster members answered that they have good collaboration with scientific institutions and other 55% do not,

Survey results:

45% answered they are active on diferent kind of fairs and 55% answered they are not,

30% of interviewed companies cluster members answered they are interested in economic collaboration with Italian investment partners, 40% are interested in exporting and model of Italian production, 15% because of Italian design, 10% because of the foreign joint venture and 5% because of the imports.

Survey results: chance to complete productive chain in result of synergetic effect,

„groups“ of local companies with weak or no any collaboration,

absence of experts which is not cheep and efficient management in companies and industrial clusters,

weak or no information flow between industrial clusters and state authority and interactive collaboration with scientific institutions,

the main absence is the story what to do and how,

without financial and information resources,

in most cases not arranged system of documentation, standards and information tehnologies, know how...

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