clouds c. vuerli contributed by zsolt nemeth. as it started
TRANSCRIPT
Driving forces: commerce• Strong industrial needs and driving forces
– Improve resource utilization– Use available resources efficiently– Save energy– Decrease cost
• Consumer needs– Cost effectiveness– Easy access to resources– Pay-as-you-go– No initial investments– Self-service
• Provides services– Resources, applications,
tools– Large-scale,
heterogeneous, economic, mobile, green
• Unaware where it is• Unaware what it is actually• Unaware how it is realized• Unaware of its size
The cloud is „something”
Misconcepts
• Always available• Infinite resources• High performance• Minimal costs• Green infrastructure• Scalability, elasticity• Accessible• These must be relatively assessed
Real characteristics
• An economic model for resource– Provisioning– Management
• Realizes utility computing• Elastic• Increased availability and reliability• Improved accessibility – ease of use• Reduced cost
Cloud characteristics
Technology Business Social / Legal Other
Elasticity / Scalability
Outsourcing Security Multi-tenancy
Virtualization Pay per use Provenance Ease of Use
Agility & adaptability
Resource utilization
Privacy
Availability Energy efficiency
Data Management Cost efficiency
Reliability Accounting
Programmability
K. Jeffery and B. Neidecker-Lutz: „Advances in Clouds – Research in Future Cloud Computing”. Expert Group Report, 2012.
Relation to other areas
K. Jeffery and B. Neidecker-Lutz: „Advances in Clouds – Research in Future Cloud Computing”. Expert Group Report, 2012.
An “official” definition
A 'cloud' is an elastic execution environment of resources involving multiple stakeholders and providing a metered service at multiple granularities for a specified level of quality (of service).
L. Schubert, K. Jeffery and B. Neidecker-Lutz: „The Future of Cloud Computing, Opportunities for European Cloud Computing beyond 2010”. Expert Group Report, 2010.
Another “official” definition
• Cloud computing is a model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction. This cloud model is composed of five essential characteristics, three service models, and four deployment models.
P. Mell, T. Grance: “The NIST Definition of Cloud Computing”. National Institute of Standards and Technology, Special Publication 800-145, 2011
Essential characteristics
• On-demand self-service• A consumer can unilaterally provision
– computing capabilities– server time– network storage
• As needed, automatically without human interaction
Essential characteristics
• Broad network access• Capabilities are available over the network
– accessed through standard mechanisms– by heterogeneous client platforms
• mobile phones• Tablets• Laptops• workstations
Essential characteristics• Resource pooling• The provider’s resources (storage, processing,
memory, and network bandwidth) are pooled • serve multiple consumers
– multi-tenant model• physical and virtual resources
– dynamically assigned and reassigned according to consumer demand
• location independence – but may specify location at a higher level of
abstraction
Essential characteristics
• Rapid elasticity• Capabilities can be elastically provisioned
and released– in some cases automatically– scale rapidly with demand
• appear to be unlimited
Essential characteristics• Measured service• control and optimize resource use by
leveraging a metering capability • Resource usage
– Monitored– Controlled– Reported
• providing transparency for both the provider and consumer.
Service models: SaaS• Software as a Service (SaaS)• The provider’s applications running on a
cloud infrastructure. • Accessible from various client devices
– thin client interface, such as a web browser– program interface
• The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud or even individual application capabilities
Service models: PaaS• Platform as a Service (PaaS). • Deploy onto the cloud infrastructure
consumer-created or acquired applications – created using programming languages,
libraries, services, and tools supported by the provider.
• The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure but – has control over the deployed applications
Service models: IaaS• Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)• Provision processing, storage, networks,
and other fundamental computing resources – the consumer is able to deploy and run arbitrary
software, operating systems and applications. • The consumer does not manage or control
the underlying cloud infrastructure but – has control over operating systems, storage,
and deployed applications
Virtualization• Simulation of the hardware and software
environment in which other software runs • Simulated environment = Virtual Machine (VM)• Coupling between the physical layer and the
guest OS = hypervisor, virtual machine monitor– Controls flow of instructions– Partitions resources– Isolates guest OSs– Provides the interface of a real physical hardware
machine• Guest OS + applications encapsulated = image
Deployment models
• Private cloud• The cloud infrastructure is provisioned for
exclusive use by a single organization – comprising multiple consumers (e.g.,
business units)
Private cloud
L. Badger, T. Grance, R. Patt-Corner, J. Voas: “Cloud Computing Synopsis and Recommendations”. National Institute of Standards and Technology, Special Publication 800-146, 2012
Deployment models
• Community cloud• The cloud infrastructure is provisioned for
exclusive use by a specific community of consumers from organizations that have shared concerns (e.g., mission, security requirements, policy, and compliance considerations)
Community cloud
L. Badger, T. Grance, R. Patt-Corner, J. Voas: “Cloud Computing Synopsis and Recommendations”. National Institute of Standards and Technology, Special Publication 800-146, 2012
Deployment models
• Public cloud• The cloud infrastructure is provisioned for
open use by the general public
Public cloud
L. Badger, T. Grance, R. Patt-Corner, J. Voas: “Cloud Computing Synopsis and Recommendations”. National Institute of Standards and Technology, Special Publication 800-146, 2012