cloud computing
DESCRIPTION
What is cloud computing ??TRANSCRIPT
Contents
• Introduction• Why Cloud?• History of Cloud • Evolution of Cloud• Definition of Cloud• Cloud Models• Pros and Cons• Security Issues• Summary• References• Query
The spread of high-speed broadband
networks in developed countries, the
continual increase in computing power,
and the growth of the Internet have
changed the way in which society
manages information and information
services.
Why Cloud?
Imagine the absence of a power grid
throughout the nation, necessitating the
presence of a generator in every home for
producing electricity. Well, why do we have
our computers filled with software we use
occasionally? Wouldn’t it be meaningful to
use software the same way we use
electricity – as and when we need it?This was the defining thought behind
cloud computing.
In 1960, J.C.R. Licklider is person who brought the idea of cloud computing to the forefront. In 1961, John McCarthy suggested in a speech at MIT that computing can be sold like a utility, like electricity/water. In 1997, Ramnath Chellappa – first known academic use of the term “Cloud Computing”
In 1999, Salesforce started delivering applications to users using a simple website. In 2002, Amazon started Amazon Web Services, providing services like storage, computation and even human intelligence. However, the launch of the Elastic Compute Cloud in 2006, open to everybody existed. In 2009, Google Apps, Microsoft Windows Azure, and companies like Oracle and HP have all joined the game.
Common Location Independent Online Utility (that is available on) Demand simplifies the meaning of CLOUD -
(Chan, 2009).
The Cloud delivers a hosting environment that is immediate, flexible, elastic, scalable, secure, and available – while saving money, time and resources
• Instead of hosting apps and data on an individual desktop computer, everything is hosted in the "cloud"—an assemblage of computers and servers accessed via the Internet.
SaaS - 'Software as a Service', describes when users
'rent' or borrow online software instead of actually
purchasing and installing it on their own computers.
Instead of selling you a copy of Microsoft Word for
$300, a cloud computing model would "rent" word
processing software to you through the Internet for
$5 a month. You would not install any special
software to your home machine to use this rented
online product. You simply use your modern web
browser to login from any web-enabled computer,
and you can access your word processing documents
in the same way that you would access your Gmail.
PaaS (Platform as a service), as the
name suggests, provides you
computing platforms which typically
includes operating system,
programming language execution
environment, database, web server
etc.
Examples : AWS Elastic Beanstalk,
Heroku, Force.com, Google App Engine.
IaaS(Infrastructure as a service), as the name
suggests, provides you the computing infrastructure,
physical or virtual machines and other resources like
virtual-machine disk image library, block and file-
based storage, firewalls, load balancers, IP addresses,
virtual local area networks etc.
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) describes one of the
three main methods of accessing cloud computing
based services. Organisations rent computing power
and disk space and access them from desktop PCs
through a private network or across the internet.
Examples : Amazon EC2, Windows Azure, Rackspace.
Public cloud -- The cloud infrastructure is made available to the general public or a large industry group and is owned by an organization selling cloud services.
Public cloud services may be free or offered on a pay-per-usage model.
BenefitsEasy and inexpensive set-up because
hardware, application and bandwidth costs are covered by the provider.
No wasted resources because you pay for what you use.
Examples Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2), IBM's Blue Cloud, Sun Cloud, Google AppEngine and Windows Azure Services Platform.
Private cloud -- The cloud infrastructure
is operated solely for an organization. It
may be managed by the organization
or a third party and may exist on
premise or off premise.
A private cloud can increase efficiency,
decrease costs and offer more security
than a public cloud.
Examples Eucalyptus, Elastra, VMware
and Windows Azure Services Platform.
Hybrid cloud -- The cloud infrastructure is a
composition of two or more clouds (private,
community, or public) that remain unique
entities but are bound together by standardized
or proprietary technology that enables data and
application portability (e.g., cloud bursting for
load-balancing between clouds).
Government departments, universities, central
banks etc. often find this type of cloud useful.
Examples Google Apps for Government,
Microsoft Government Community Cloud
Community cloud -- The cloud infrastructure is shared by
several organizations and supports a specific community
that has shared concerns (e.g., mission, security
requirements, policy, and compliance considerations).
The goal of a community cloud is to have participating
organizations realize the benefits of a public cloud -- such
as multi-tenancy and a pay-as-you-go billing structure --
but with the added level of privacy, security and policy
compliance usually associated with a private cloud. The
community cloud can be either on-premises or off-
premises, and can be governed by the participating
organizations or by a third-party managed service
provider
Cloud computing requires an intricate interaction
with the hardware which is very essential to
ensure uptime of the application. It is very helpful
to divide the cloud model into two sections, one is
front end and other is backend.
They are connected via a network and mostly
internet is used for fulfilling the requirement. The
front side is the interface for the user and the
back end is the cloud section for the whole
system.
COMPLIANCE
COMPLIANCE
DATA MOBILITY
DATA MOBILITY
PRIVACY
PRIVACY
SERVICE LEVELS
SERVICE LEVELS
RISKS OF CLOUD
COMPUTING
Data Migration/Mobility
It is the process of moving or transferring
data, application from your machine to cloud
and vice-versa. Moving to the cloud or
between cloud environments presents the
usual IT issues, but the problems are
compounded by having data stored and
managed remotely, by external organizations
and often in multiple locations.
Cloud disaster recovery and backup options
have become more common, and some users
say they provide a higher level of protection
than traditional solutions -- at lower cost
Performance metrics How fast is the cloud server’s vCPU? How quickly do memory and disk respond? What is the actual network throughput?Naturally, cloud providers offer systems that are
different "sizes" with regard to power and price. Offerings typically have two key dimensions: CPU and memory (RAM).
Supplier’s own privacy & security policies. What are the supplier’s own procedures and policies? Do they include physical security? What about removal of data from premises on removable media? Does the supplier have an understanding of the role of the applicable privacy regulatory authorities, and procedures to respond to enquiries and complaints?
Privacy and data control issues are significant
in the context of cloud computing services.
Access controls Who will have access to the
data (including individuals or roles)? Are
there access audit trails? If there are
particular individuals who will have access to
significant amounts of data (for example,
database administrators) how is their access
monitored and managed? Are any
subcontractors involved? How is their access
controlled? Is data encrypted on disk? “in
flight”? Who holds access keys?
Secure Data Transfer
Secure Stored Data
Secure Software Interface
User Access Control
Data Separation
Cloud computing services often provide common business application online that are accessed from a web browser, while the software and data are stored on the servers.
Cloud computing is an umbrella term used to refer to Internet based development and services
Cloud computing defines virtual storage area which is provided by cloud providers and accessed by clients on demand and pay per use. Today, security is one of the most important factors in computing environment. Cloud service providers must provide trust worthy environment. End users must know about the awareness of security policy.
[1] Bhushan Lal Sahu, Rajesh Tiwari, “A
comprehensive study on Cloud computing”,
International journal of Advanced Research in
Computer science and Software engineering, volume
2, issue 9, September 2012, ISSN: 2277 128X.
[2] Mladen A. Vouk, “Cloud computing – Issues,
Research and Implementations”, Journal of Computing
and Information technology, CIT 16, 2008, 4, 235-246.
[3] Anbalagan K., “Cloud computing”, National
seminar on Imminent Trends in Advanced Computing
and Technology – ITIACT’ 13, ISBN: 978-81-924922-3-
0.