Closing remarks

Roger Davies

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• HST: vital statistics

• Scientific transformation

• Why has Hubble been so successful?

• Closing remarks

Outline

2

Thanks!

3GMOS galaxy spectrum

to Elena, Bob & Antonella and to the teams behind them!

Thanks!

4GMOS galaxy spectrum

Special Thanks to the ECF team for their dedicated effort to support slitless spectroscopy!

Richard Hook Jeremy Walsh Jonas Haase Harald Kuntschner Piero Rosati Martin Kornmesser Martin Kummel Marco Lombardi Kim Nilsson Brit Sjoberg Felix Stoehr Michael Rosa Colleen Sharkey Nor Pirzkal*

Special Thanks to the ECF team for their dedicated effort to support slitless spectroscopy!

Richard Hook Jeremy Walsh Jonas Haase Harald Kuntschner Piero Rosati Martin Kornmesser Martin Kummel Marco Lombardi Kim Nilsson Brit Sjoberg Felix Stoehr Michael Rosa Colleen Sharkey Nor Pirzkal*

Edwin Hubblewas a Rhodes Scholar at Oxford where he read Law & Spanish! .

Vital Statisticsas of last week!

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• Cost $18,000,000,000 and counting• 9,169 refereed papers• 326,138 citations • 16,051 proposals submitted via the TAC• 4,302 approved for Cycles 1 - 18.• ~ 3,600 FTEs of effort at STScI 

Scientifically HST has changed everything in

astronomy.

7GMOS galaxy spectrum

Prof. Danieli: `the most succesful enterprise in

contemporary science’

Brown et al.

Eris is ~5% larger and ~30% more

massive than Pluto

Eris & Dysnomia

Altered our view of the physical content of the

Solar System

The imaging and composition of exoplanets

9GMOS galaxy spectrum

NICMOS G141 & G206 Spectra of Exoplanet eclipseSwain, Tinetti et al. Nature

Stellar evolution

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The triple main sequence in NGC 2808

Overabundances of helium (Y~0.30, Y~0.40) can reproduce the two bluest main sequences

Piotto et al. 2007, ApJ, 661, L35 Astrometry!

Stellar populations and star formation history

11GMOS galaxy spectrum

• WPC-3 ultra-violet imaging capability

NGC 4150 (S0 with residual SF)(Crockett et al. 2010)

WFC3: F225W, F438W, F657N

N4150: Merger-Induced Populations

1Gyr population in the core, outer gas co-rotates, inner gas counter-rotates: core formation!!

(Crockett et al. 2010)

Stellar velocities

Ionised gas velocities

Stellar velocities

Supemassive black holes in galaxy nuclei

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• WPC-3 ultra-violet imaging capabilityFEEDBACK

Dark Matter

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Gravitational lensing has proved to be a uniquely powerful method to probe the distribution of Dark Matter.Now we need a direct detection in the lab! (not HST’s problem)

Dark Energy

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• HST will continue to be the primary tool for high z SNae probes of dark energy.

• Measuring H0 to ~ few % will tighten constraints on cosmological concordance.

• Measuring H0 to 1% could be revolutionary

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COS has unique ultra-violet spectroscopic capability

The physical conditions and content of galaxy halos

18GMOS galaxy spectrum

No longer limited to a few l-o-s to bright QSOs, we can now look at different types of galaxies & make the connection with galaxy evolution – in/outflows & feedback!

The tomography of the cosmic web

19GMOS galaxy spectrum

No longer limited to a few l-o-s to bright QSOs, we can now look where there are interesting features

Wouldn’t John Huchra have been

excited by this prospect!

WFC3 grism capability

20GMOS galaxy spectrum

WFC-3 and the most distant galaxies

21GMOS galaxy spectrum

z = 7-8 galaxies WFC/IR vs. NICMOS

WFC-3 and the most distant galaxies

22GMOS galaxy spectrum

z= 7-8 galaxies are:• Small• Blue – no dust• α =1.7 - low mass galaxies dominate• some stars formed z>10

CANDELS & CLASH to come

Why has HST been sosuccessful?

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Well obviously because it does great science!

Prof. Danieli: `the most successful enterprise in

contemporary science’

Why has HST been so successful?

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HST accomplishments are more widely recognized among the public than:

Prof. Danieli: `the most successful enterprise in

contemporary science’

• the Human Genome project, • magnetic materials that make iPod’s possible,• cancer therapies

WHY?: there wasn’t a fortune to be made

Why has HST been so successful?

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Funding : It has been funded at a level that has enabled new instruments, refurbishment of the telescope infrastructure, and exploitation of the data............ even theory!

Why has HST been so successful?

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Great Pictures: Science as Art

Why has HST been so successful?

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It is unique & we prize access to it.

Time allocation modes:Key projectsGTO time GO programmesSnapshots, ToOAllocations to small & large programmesTreasury programmesDirectors Discretionary Time Multi-Cycle Treasury programmes

Plus conflict ofinterest protocols

HST TAC is a exemplar of how to distribute a scarce and valuable resource

Why has HST been so successful?

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It is unique and therefore used with almost every other facility.

Chandra + Newton XMMSpitzer + HerschelKeck, VLT, Gemini, Subaru etc.eVLA, VLBA, etc.JCMT, PbB, soon ALMACorot, Kepler

Why has HST been so successful?

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There has been a HUGE effort at outreach &

education

Why has HST been so successful?

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It has captured the imagination of the media and the public because it has been a human drama :

Challenger accidentSpherical aberrationCOSTAR Columbia accidentRefurbishment missions

The astronauts are brave pioneers

What do Bob Fosbury & HST have in common?

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Hubble gives us a unique new

perspective on the Universe and our

place in it.

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Earth as seen from Saturn by Cassini