climates of the earth
DESCRIPTION
Climates of the Earth. Climograph. Graph that indicates average temperature and precipitation for a place. Line Graph shows temperature Bar Graph shows precipitation. If the line graph goes up in the middle – it is showing a place in the northern hemisphere. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Climograph• Graph that indicates
average temperature and precipitation for a place.
• Line Graph shows temperature
• Bar Graph shows precipitation
If the line graph goes up in the middle – it is showing a place in the northern hemisphere.
If the line graph goes down in the middle – it is showing a place in the southern hemisphere.
If the line is fairly straight – it is showing a place that is near or on the Equator.
•Description – hot and wet throughout the year.
•Precipitation Wet – 80 + inches a year - Rains daily
• Temperatures about 80 all year
• vegetation - Lush and diverse – 6% of earth, but more than half the plant and animal species. Canopy – layers of broadleaf evergreen trees. Leaching – continuous rain pulls the nutrients out of the soil (not arable)
•Biome: Rainforest
Amazon River Basin
Congo River Basin
Indonesia
Tons of precipitation every month.
Rio BelemTemperatures are about even so it must be near the Equator.
Animals: Africa Forest Elephant , Bengal Tiger , Chimpanzee , Common Palm Civet or Musang , Dawn Bat , Golden Lion Tamarin , Harpy Eagle , Jambu Fruit Dove , King Cobra , Kinkajou , Linn's Sloth , Orangutan , Proboscis Monkey , Red-shanked Douc Langur , Silvery Gibbon , Slender Loris , Sumatran Rhinoceros , Toco Toucan , Vampire Bat , Wagler's Pit Viper
•Description – grassland with distinct dry and wet seasons. Winter is dry.
•Summers have 20 – 100 inches of precipitation a year. Winter is dry. Dry season is dramatic.
•High year round temperatures around 80.
•Vegetation – clumps of coarse grass and few trees.
•Biome - savanna
•Llanos of Venezuela
•Caribbean Islands
•Serengeti of Tanzania
Near the Equator
Darwin Dakar
COLD
DRY DRY
COLD
Animals: African Elephant , African Wild Dog , Black Mamba , Caracal , Chacma Baboon , Egyptian Mongoose , Emu , Grant's Zebra , Koala Bear , Lion , Nigriceps Ants , Nile Crocodile
• Description – dry, largely treeless grassland.
•Location – Low & mid latitudes. Border deserts & interior of continents (leeward side)
•Precipitation 10 – 20 inches a year
• Vegetation - Grassland with few trees or cactus. Desertification - spread of desert-like conditions to semi-arid areas is a serious problem in the Steppe
•Biome: grassland
Alice Spring
Northern Southern
Hemisphere Hemisphere
Animals: American Bald Eagle, Badger , Bobcat , Bumble Bee , Coyote , Prairie Dog , Swift Fox , Corsac Fox , Mongolian Gerbil , Saiga Antelope , Northern Lynx, Geoffroy's Cat , Greater Rhea , Saker Falcon
Description – dry area with sparse plant life that covers about 1/3 of the world’s land. There are two types of terrain: reg – desert pavement (gravel, rocks, and sand) and erg – dunes
•Precipitation – 10 in. or less a year
• Temperatures: Desert does not mean hot – it means dry!!! Day and night temperatures vary drastically.
•Vegetation - scrub and cactus Oasis is an area in the desert where water is available.
•Biome – desert scrub
Cairo Tehran
Lima
Animals: Armadillo Lizard , Banded Gila- Monster , Bobcat , Cactus Wren , Coyote , Desert Bighorn Sheep , Desert Kangaroo Rat , Desert Tortoise , Javelina , Cactus Ferruginous Pygmy Owl , Sonoran Desert Toad , Sonoran Pronghorn Antelope
•Description – ocean winds bring cool summers and damp winters.
• Location – 30-60º on the west coast in N. Hemisphere and east coast in S. Hemisphere. Located on Westerlies.
Precipitation: Ocean air brings abundant rainfall.
• Vegetation: large coniferous – evergreen forests called temperate rainforests and mixed forests - both coniferous and deciduous trees.
•Biome- deciduous forest
LondonVancouver
Sydney
Abundant rainfall all year. High around 70. Low around 40.
Animals: American Bald Eagle, American Black Bear , Coyote , Duckbill Platypus, Eastern Chipmunk , European Red Squirrel , Fat Dormouse , Least Weasel , White-tailed Deer
•Description – mild, rainy winter and hot sunny summers.
•Precipitation: 15 – 30 in (mostly in the winter)
•Vegetation - Chaparral – underbrush, woody bushes and short trees – cork, olives, grapes, etc. Leathery leaves hold moisture
•Biome - chaparral
AthensPerth
SantiagoJordan
COLD
COLD
COLD COLD
WETWET
WET WET
Animals: Aardwolf , Black-tailed Jackrabbit , Cactus Wren , Golden Jackal , Grey Fox , Isand Grey Fox , Puma , San Joachim Kit Fox , Spotted Skunk , Wild Goat
•Description – short, mild winters and nearly year round rainfall. hurricanes & typhoons.
• HOUSTON is in HST
•Precipitation: year round
Vegetation – fruits, rice, vegetables, inland grasslands, and mixed forests - deciduous and coniferous trees.
Biome – deciduous forest
ShanghaiBuenos Aires
Southern hemisphere Northern hemisphere
Animals: American Bald Eagle, American Black Bear , Coyote , Duckbill Platypus, Eastern Chipmunk , European Red Squirrel , Fat Dormouse , Least Weasel , White-tailed Deer
•Description - 4 distinct seasons. Storms and continentality - far in the interior of continents influence climate.
•Location - interior mid-latitude in N. Hemisphere
•Temperatures: winters longer as you travel north and inland.
• Vegetation: Agriculture has replaced natural prairie grass, and short coniferous forests.
•Biome – grassland and deciduous forest
HelsinkiMoscow
Northern Hemisphere
Animals: American Bald Eagle, American Black Bear , Coyote , Duckbill Platypus, Eastern Chipmunk , European Red Squirrel , Fat Dormouse , Least Weasel , White-tailed Deer
• Description – bitterly cold winter and short, cool summers.
•Temperatures: Widest temperature range between summer and winter.
•Vegetation: Taiga (Russian word for forest) a boreal forest – needled evergreens.
•Permafrost – only a small layer of the ground thaws.
•Biome - taiga
Saskatoon Omsk
Northern Hemisphere
ANIMALS: American Black Bear, Bald Eagle , Bobcat , Canadian Lynx , Gray Wolf , Grizzly Bear , Long-Eared Owl , Red Fox , River Otter , Snowshoe-Rabbit , Wolverine
• Description – very cold with polar night for ½ of the year.
•Location – far north in the northern hemisphere
•Temperature: Cold: rarely above 50° - at least 9 months below freezing – some below 0º
•Vegetation: Short bushes, short grass, mosses, and lichen. permafrost bogs in summer.
•Biome - tundra
Northern Hemisphere
FreezingFreezing
ANIMALS: Arctic Fox , Caribou , Ermine , Grizzly Bear , Harlequin Duck , Musk Ox ,
Polar Bear , Snowy Owl
• Description – snow and ice cover this area up to 2 miles thick
•Polar night – 6 months a year the sun does not rise above the horizon (24 hours dark)
•Polar desert – moisture in the air does not reach the dew point, so it does not precipitate. Far away from Equator (dry & cold as move away)
•Temperature: Below freezing all year - Many months below zero.
•Vegetation: Possibly lichen and moss
Northern Southern
Hemisphere Hemisphere
Thuls Air Force Base
Freezing
Freezing
• Located in mountain systems throughout the world
• Precipitation – affected by the Orographic Effect. Leeward is dry – windward is wet.
• Temperature – varies with elevation – for every 1,000 feet increase in elevation the temperature decreases 3.5
• Vegetation – usually mixed forests at the base. Meadows with small trees, shrubs, and wildflowers line the mountainsides.
•Biome - alpine
Mexico City
Near Equator Northern Hemisphere
Near Equator
• Hot land.
• 0 - 2,500 ft.
• 68-91ºF.
• Grow: rice, Banana, sugar cane, cacao, pineapple
• Forests: Sea level – swamps up to dry forests around 2,000 feet
• Temperate land.
• 2,500 – 6,500 ft.
• 60-70ºF.
• Grow coffee, cotton, tobacco, citrus fruit, squash, beans, and corn
• Forests: Wet forest
• Cold land.
• 6,500 – 10,000 ft.
• Less than 60 degrees.
• Grow grains such as wheat, oats, rye, and barley, apples, and also potatoes.
• Forests: Cloud forests
• Most above the tree line.
• 10,000 – 14,000 feet
• temperatures: 20 – 55º
• Grow: Grassland and hardy shrubs.
• Elfin forest at lowest elevations
• Grazing of sheep, alpacas, and llamas.
• Snow line and above.
• Above 14,000 feet
• Below 20º.
• Nothing grows here except maybe a few moss and lichen in summer.