climate change link.pdf

7/29/2019 Climate Change Link.pdf

1/20

1

A Key Solution

to ClimAte ChAnge:SuStAinAble ConSumptionAnd produCtionMaking The Link

the c hallenge:usa Ca Ca :

t ssaa cs

a c sc

SWItch-asi nwork Fiiis udd b europ Uio. SWItch-asi nwork Fii is impmd b UneP/Wuppr Isiucobori cr o Susib cosumpio d Produiod Wuppr Isiu or cim, evirom d er.


2/20

2

publiSher:

SWItch-asi nwork Fii

UneP/Wuppr Isiu cobori

cr o Susib cosumpio d Produio (cScP)

hur Sr 30

42107 Wuppr | grmPo | +49.202.45 95 8.10

Fx | +49.202.45 95 8.31

www.swi-si.

[email protected]

Author:

SWItch-asi nwork Fii,

Buru tur & Prik Srodr

ContributorS:

UneP/UneScaP Rio hpdsk o Susib cosumpio d Produio i asi

d Pi (Mri Swior d hu Bo), Isiu or gob evirom

Sris IgeS (Mus Bsso d lwis akji), Wuppr Isiu (croi Bdkr)

editor:

aiso eds

deSign:

emr Sdr Kommuikiosdsi

Poo sour: www.ooi.d

printer:

Uiqu Prss P ld;

Prid o Fors Swrdsip coui (FSc) bd ppr.

Copyright:

t SWItch-asi nwork Fii

tis pubiio s b produd or SWItch-asi Prormm d europ Uio.

t os o is pubiio r so rsposibii o UneP/Wuppr Isiu

cobori cr o Susib cosumpio dProduio (cScP) d i o w

b k o rf viws o europ Uio.


3/20

3

tis book s b pubisd b eU

udi prormm SWItch-asi: Pro-

moi Susib cosumpio d

Produio. I is imd europ d asi

busisss, orisios ivovd i dvop-

i susibii souios, poi-mkrs, d

proj dvoprs wi o p rdu

im imp o busiss i s brod

w s possib. I soud b priur us-

u o os irsd i obii r udsrom SWItch-asi prormm, d i sr-

i bs o work o SWItch-asi

projs.

t book s wo sids sid o ds

wi s i udrsdi us

riosip bw oomi iviis d i-

m , d fip sid iis som

pri souios b udd, s

i pr, b prormm.

Is objivs r:

o prs piur o ow busiss d

osumrs r oribui o im

, wi priur rr o

siuio i asi;

o oui ops o Susib

cosumpio d Produio ppro;

o prs susib osumpio d

produio oois d ppros

b usd or im miiio d dpio;

o provid ids or poi-mkrs d

proj dvoprs ski udi udr

SWItch-asi prormm;

o sow ow ScP suppor eU im

posiio d os (or xmp

cop cOP15 i Dmbr 2009).

About

thiS booKlet

For mor iormio o ow o pp o SWItch-asi prormm

or r mor bou SWItch nwork Fii ps osu oowi wbsis:

Wbsi o SWItch-asi prormm

p://.urop.u/uropid/wr/si/rio-ooprio/virom/swi_.m

Wbsi o SWItch-asi nwork Fii

p://www.swi-si.

A Key Solution to ClimAte ChAnge: SuStAinAbleConSumption And produCtion Making The Link

the ChAllenge: ClimAte ChAnge

I Udrsdi im

dir

II cosumpio d im

III gob vu is

A Solution: the SCp ApproACh

I adrssi im dir

II ScP or im miiio

d dpio

III ScP Pris i io

IV Ioviv poimki

Wrppi Up

Recommendedfurtherreading

d bibiorp


4/20

4

t op o susib osumpio

d produio (ScP) ows issus

surroudi im o b viwd

rou brodr s s b s

i r rs. ScP irs wo sids o

busiss: produio iviis o supp

sid, d osumpio iviis o dmd

sid. cosidri bo sps iv ris o

omp d ird piur o ovr- imp o busiss o virom d

im, d i spi kowds im-

por o irriosips bw busi-

ss iviis, poii disios, d vrd

osumr bviour. tis ur s impi-

ios or ow disios soud b k d wo

soud b ivovd i w w iv rsus.

t bu o ScP iki is so i i-

sis i ors io riosips bw

rsours usd duri dvopm o prod-

us d srvis, r osumd duri

ir us, d proio o ossms

duri i- o produ or srvi. I

ror r idi rs vi bi

imp o im, d osqu i-

i k o spos or irvio.

underStAnding

ClimAte ChAnge

differently

Sustbl Cosumpto d

Producto (SCP) s ttmptto rcocl t crsd

dmd or oods d srvcs

tt rspod to bsc ds

d br bttr qulty o

l, wl mmz t us

o turl rsourcs, toxc

mtrls d mssos o

wst d pollutts ovr

t l cycl, ordr ot to

joprdz the needs o uture

generations. Mtrls, Wtr

d ery r t tr y

lmts. Sustainable Produc-

tion cocrs t supply side,

ocus o t coomc,

socl d vromtl

mpcts o producto proc-

sss; wl Sustainable

Consumption ddrsss t

demand side, ocus o

cosumrs bvour dcocs us o oods d

srvcs, .. dmd or

products tt vromtlly

rdly bot tr produc-

to d tr us, s wll s

by promot ssbl co-

sumpto bvour, vod

spll d wst.


5/20

5

en

ergy

t ro o pop, ir ds, d ir

osqu um rou pro-duio d osumpio o produs d

srvis r impor o udrsd w o-

sidri uss o im . tis is s-

pi so s ob popuio boms i-

rsi urbisd. I 2008, or rs im,

words urb popuio ws rr is

rur popuio. Su urbisio s i-

sid dmd priur or w osumr

oods d srvis, modr rsidi d om-

mri buidis, d moorisd rspor.

t produio prosss bid su oodsd srvis r xrm r d rsour

isiv. Mris ik m, s, o-

rrous ms or umiium r produd d

osumd vr-sr rs, oiu pus-

i up ob rous s missios. t

irsi ob dmd or imbr d pprprodus s d o ususib oi pr-

is d d-us s, rqu dsro-

i riorss r vi or oprio

o mospri ssm. t dmd

or ood d oi (spi oo) is so

usi irs i missios su s m-

d irous oxid. I , m modr

osumr produs dmd mor r duri

ir us did duri ir produio.

Modr ousods d os r quippd

wi ompurs, ri ppis d ds,ir odiioi, d foor i, . r-

i i r dmd i buidis. Rod

rspor d ir rv r so rowi sours

o cO2 missios (s ur 1).

Figure 1: Split o global greenhouse gas emissions by source o emission and consumption and production activity

(tr World Rsourcs isttut, 2005, wt dt rom iPCC, 2007)

unSuStAinAble pAtternS of ConSumption

And produCtion AS the driving forCe

in ClimAte ChAnge

Trsportto(13.1%)

Rod trvl by crPublc trsport

ar trvl

Frt trsport

Rl, Sp

Ulloctd Ful Combusto

iro d Stl

alumum nom-Frrous-nts

Mcry

Pulp, Ppr d Prt

Food d Tobcco

Cmcls

Cmt

Otr idustry

Col M

Ol / gs extrcto

R d ProcssSpc t / Cool

Lt

iCT

Us o pplcs

Dorstto

aorstto

Rorstto

hrvst / Mmt

arcultur ery Us

arcultur Sols

Lvstoc d Mur

Rc Cultvto

Otr arcultur

Ldll

Wstwtr, Otr Wst

icrto

elctrcty dht supply(25.9%)

idustry(19.4%)

Commrcl d RsdtlBulds (7.9%)

Forstry(17.4%)

arcultur (13.5%)

Crbo Doxd (77%)

hFCs1, PFCs1, SF6

1(1%)

Mt(1%)

ntrous Oxd (8%)

1 hFC: hydro-Fluoro-Crbo; PFC: Prfuortd Crbos; F6: Sulur hxfuord

Sourc o mssosCosumpto d

producto ctvtsgs

Wst d Wstwtr(2.8 %)


6/20

6

life CyCle thinKing

Figure 2: Product lie-cycle rom an SCP perspective

Waste

prod

ucts

natu

ralResources

extractionofRa

wMate

rials

DesignandPro

ductio

n

Packagingan

dDist

ribut

ion

Usea

ndM

ain

tenan

ce

Inc

inera

tiona

ndl

an

dfllin

g

Recove

ry

to udrsd u virom imps

o produs d srvis, i is ssr o dop

i iki, wi is impor sp

o ScP prspiv. trou i ik-i i is possib o ou or imps -

rd o s o produio d

osumpio pross o produ or srvi -

rom rd-o-rd. tis iuds primr r-

sour xrio, primr mris prossi,

dsi d produio, pki, disribuio,

ri, us ps d d-o-i s

(s ur 2). B ddi or d ompr-

i imps o dir ss i

ppro ivs r piur o bo

ovr virom oopri o produs

d srvis, s w s o-spos wr

is imps our. li- iki su-

ss r osumpio d missios is

o o bou our us o oi d rii, i isso bou r mbodid i rw

mris osumd, r usd o pross

s mris, d r usd o dispos

ws r our produs v srvd ir

purpos. tror, r i is o o

bou mki rs ru rr o ir d

i bubs osum ss rii, i is so

bou svi rsours usd o produ rs

d i bubs, r dd o dism

m i, rus rb mris, d

dispos o d ws.

6

Re-Use

RecyclingofMatrialsandcomponents


7/20

7

ConSumption

And ClimAte

ChAnge

tr r urr r sors rsposi-

b or bou 70-80% o ovr vi-

rom imp o um osumpio

d produio (eIPRO Sud, 2006). t r

so ou o b uss or bou 70% o

ob wrmi poi i europ

Uio (s ur 3). t r:

ev ou rib d r missi, i is ik

mi sors o um osumpio

rsposib or mos virom imp

i asi r simir o os i europ bu

udri rrisis r oxu di-

r. trdiio asi iss, wi r si

ommo i m ouris, r r ss

dmi o virom d im. For x-

mp, r is mor ommu idividu

ousi i asi, umbr o oups prui is mu ir d rdiio osruio

is bsd o ur mris ik wood d mud.

For ood, r is ss pki d rririo

o ood, ss prossi d wr ood mis. I

mobii sor, priv r owrsip is si

xpio, rr orm. Wi i is

obvious asis uur dvopm p wi

o mirror o europ or US, osump-

io rds i m rios r i d

pproi wsr osumpio prs.

houSing trAnSport food

Figure 3: Global warming potential o the

consumption sectors housing, transport and ood

(Sourc: eTC/RWM naMea dt bs)

Products o rcultur, ut d orstry

Publc dmstrto srvcs; compulsory socl scurty

Trsport qupmt

Trsport, stor d commucto srvcsWolsl d rtl trd srvcs; rpr srvcs

Costructo wor

Prv. hous. ht

Food products, bvrs d tobcco

Prv. hous. Trsport

elctrcl ry, s, stm d ot wtr

Otrs

et & Dr

hous & rstructurs

Trsport o prsos d oods

3,6%3,6%

4,0%

4,4%

6,1%

7,3%

8%

8,8%11%

13,5%

29,6%


8/20

8

Wi idusriisd ios o

europ d nor amri r si

prim upris o modr o-

sumpio prs, rpid row i oomi

ivi d ioms i asi-Pi rios rvouioisd ss o modr osumr

oods d srvis i asi. t rio s o

o bom ob muuri ub, bu

i is ow om o mri osumr ss.

tis osumr ss is ow simd roud

600 miio pop, rd mor i europ

d nor amri ombid.

t osumpio prs o miios o o-

sumrs i w idusriisd ouris o

asi-Pi rio r ovri wi os

o wsr idusriisd ouris - spiwii our rios. tis mri

soi roup is kow s ob osumr

ss d ompriss mos urb osumrs

wo sr ri ms o is o o-

spiuous osumpio rrdss o ir u-

ur bkroud or ioi r ik

o iv i modr prms quippd wi

roi ppis d ds, v sso iormio oois d ob brds,

ow ir ow rs, rv b ir, . tis ob

osumr ss ow os 1.7 biio pop

o wi mos 40% r i asi (Wordw

Isiu, 2004). t pr o midd-ss

osumrs i asi is v ir, oui or

60% o ob o (s Fiur 4).

Figure 4: The worlds middle-classes are increasingly ound in Asia

and decreasingly in the West

(Sourc: T ecoomst, 2009)

80

60

40

20

0

Mddl-clss populto as d t Wst

s % o world totl mddl-clss populto

Wst

as

1700 1850 1950 1980 2006

globAl ConSumer ClASS


9/20

9

CArbon footprint A uSeful meASuring StiCK

t rous s missios rd ovr

i- o produ orm produs r-

bo oopri. t rbo oopri o riu-

ur oods is mi ormd duri rproduio ss; bu rbo oopri o

roi quipm is rd mos duri

us ps. t muur o ompur,

or xmp, is vr mri d r i-

siv, d missios r rd duri

xrio d prossi o rsours ik sii-

o, pium or oppr, rquird or pro-

duio o smioduors d or roi

ompos. abou 1,500 irs o wr r so

usd duri is muur. au usi

ompur, owvr, ks mos r drs mos missios o i-

ss. tis ps ous or bou 940 k o

rous s missios vr r (s ur

5). Simir, mos o rbo oopri o ps-

sr vis is i us ps d mor 80% o missios r rd duri

drivi o r (s ur 6).

Figure 5: Lie Cycle carbon emissions o a computer

(Sourc: UneP, 2008)

Figure 6: Carbon ootprint o passenger cars

(Sourc: WWF-Uk evdc Bs 2006 t rom WWF-Uk, 2008)

16% Producto

3% Us-prts

81% Us - ul

extrACtion

PRIMaRy MateRIalSPROceSSIng

cOMPOnentSManUFactURIng

aSSeMBly

PacKagIng

cOMUPteR USe

diSpoSAl

DIStRIBUtIOn

evr-sori isps:

2 o 3 rs or pop4 o 5 rs or dskop ompur

940 o co2

qpr yr

11

ciui bords

15

Siio wrs

17

cr Ui s

48

cmis produio

69

eroi ompos

185

F lcD Sr

avr C02 mssos romcompot muctur ()

L-cycl sts

iputs

ghg emssos

eleCtriCity

*Producto rom col, s, ol,urum (xtrcto d bur)

all rw mtrls d m,qurry, xtrct

dustrl procsss

From ol to plstcs

From ro to stl sts

extrct d muctur

o crdbord d plstcsPrt

9


10/20

10

the impACt of houSing

O o rs s

i rdui vr-risimospri vs o r-

ous ss i miii

im is wi buidis d ous-

i. a ob v rsidi d ommri

buidis ou or 10-15% o rous

s missios. I asi, b roud 2035 ur-

b popuio wi v bood b 70%

o mor 2.6 biio pop (aDB, 2006).

Mor osruio oi o i

word is ow ki p i ci d b 2030

is o our is xpd o v mor 200 iis wi ovr o miio pop

(MKis gob Isiu, 2008).

t buidi ds r imms. abou 20% o

o r osumpio o buidis o-

urs duri osruio priod, d mor 80% duri us ps. tis ms

r i buidi souios soud

b dsid d risd r o, sr

o buidi proj. Bu o b o-

s- souios, wi v o b iord o

orp d im. For xmp, i ci

mos r is dd or wrmi sp, wi

i Idi d Sou es asi mos is dd

or ooi. Buidi souios wi osidr

o imi odiios wi b bs

(s ur 7).

future impACt AreAS in ASiA

houSing, mobility And food

Figure 7: Energy consumption patterns o buildings are dierent rom country to country

(Sourc: UneP, 2007)

groWth pAtternS in A metropoliS

T voluto o buld d ous dvl-

opmts as m-cts ollows t sm

pt s t dd dustrlsd coutrs: s t

umbr o popl pr ousold os dow,

t umbr o ousolds os up, s dos t

lv foor spc d t umbr o lctr-

cl pplcs c wly om bult. T

mrt or r-codtors t mtropols

o Bo rows bout 15% vry yr d s

cotrbutd to t mssv 240% crs rs-

dtl lctrcty cosumpto ovr t pst 20

yrs. Urb ctrs d w commuts r

mr trouout t rtr mtropolt

r, coct tmslvs by t rpd sprd

o suburb, d t wy t t rms o

t r blt. Sourc: Wpttrpo, k t l (2008)

ed-us purposs

ht Wtr ht Cool Lt Otrs

Utd Stts

austrl

Cd

idCommrcial

Rurl, C

Urb, C

Utd Stts

idaustrl

Cd

kuwt

Rsid

tial


11/20

11

the impACt of trAnSport

a ob v rous

s missios issui rom rspor sor oiu o

row. t irs is mi

du o priv us o rs d ir rv. I

is simd rspor sor wi b

sour o 60% o irs i missios

wordwid bw 2002 d 2025. cr ss

r rowi ss i asi w idusri-

isd ouris wr umbr o vis

o rod is xpd o ris rom 300 mi-

io i 2005 o mor 1.2 biio i 2025

(s ur 8). a prs r owrsip is ow:2% o popuio i ci d ss

1% i Idi, omprd wi 40-50% i europ

d nor amri. Bu is v is xpd

o ris sp, d sims pu umbr

o priv rs i ci 190 miio, d

i Idi 80 miio, b 2035 (aDB, 2006b).

numbrofVicls(imillios)

eryCosumptio(QuadrillioBTu)

1990 2004 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035

300 1400

1200

1000

800

600

400

200

0

250

200

150

100

50

0

ery Cosumpto

numbr o Vcls

Figure 8: Emissions rom the transport sector in Asia

will continue to rise alongside the growing number o vehicles(Sourc: Cl ar ittv or as Cts Ctr, 2008)

getting Around in mumbAi or not

Mumb s ood xmpl o as m-

cty wt, ccord to t Un, populto o

19 mllo wc could rs to mor t 26

mllo by 2025. it s lso ood xmpl o cty wt old trsportto rstructur

tt, dspt t most xtsv suburb rl

twor t coutry, cot p pc wt

ts row populto. as bus srvcs dtro-

rt, t us o prvt crs os up s dos t

umbr o tl rod ccdts. Polluto, sp-

clly rom t my old two-tct s usd

old motorbs, tu-tus, mopds (s ur

9), cuss croc rsprtory problms - otlpd by t low msso d ul stdrds.

T d or Rpd Bus Trsport systm d

otr modr trsportto ovtos, s

usd otr m-cts, s ow urt.

Figure 9: Two wheelers dominate the vehicle scene in Mumbai

(Sourc: T nuld Foudto, 2003)

Cr d Jp (35%)

Tx (6%)

goods (6%)

Buss (35%)

Two-Wlrs (42%)

Tr-Wlrs (9%)


12/20

12

the impACt of food

t imps o ood produ-

io o rous ss v

b udr-simd. Ui

r mos disussio r-

i o ood d drik sor s ousd

o ood mis d rsporio. Food is orspord ovr o diss wi ous

or roud 10% o ood-rd im im-

p, bu ood produio ps s mu

ir imp, d oribus mor 80%

o ood i- missios (Wbr d M-

ws, 2008). t oribuio o m produ-

io is soudi: i s is imp d

is rsposib or up o 80% o missios rom

riuur, d 18% o ob rous mis-

sios. t r ur is v xpd o dou-

b b 2050 (FaO, 2006). O vr, rd mis roud 150% mor rous s isiv

ik or s, d b, mb d srimp

r wors (UneP, 2008).

trdiio, asi dis v b ow i

dir d m produs, wi s d so s

mi sours o proi. t si r ow i

omprd o 112 k osumd pr prso

i Uid ss, or v 89 k/prso

osumd i europ. I 5 rs rom 2000

o 2005 produio o m doubd word-

wid, rom bou 229 o 465 miio os, d

mik produio irsd rom 590 o 1043 mi-

io os (FaO, 2006). Bu, s asi ioms

ris, m d dir osumpio is so risi

(s ur 10). exrm isiv d-us

pris, su s m produio, us

driorio o produiv d.

t driv ovrrzi, dorsio d dsr-

iio, o o i asi, bu so Sou amri-

. t u oss o ri soi is wordwid p-

proxim 25 biio os. I s 20 rs

sur o pproxim o miio squr

kiomrs o produiv d ws os. tis o

o oribus o ood isuri, spior miios o pop i asi wo r si ri

o m rommdd di ori ik, bu

so rsus i rs o rbo sord i

soi (Bdkr . 2008).

Coffee With milK only SoundS hArmleSS

hv tout bout coutry wr -

rcultur, rtr t dustry, s lp to

m t t worlds trd lrst producr o

rous ss. Co, plm ol d b

v bcom drous crops or t ido-

s vromt. Tr mssv cultvto

s b possbl oly bcus ty r rplc-

lr trcts o orsts. as rsult, o t

sld o Sumtr rly l o t orst s

b lost sc 1985.

Trou lll pl-

ttos protctd

rs drd spcs suc s orst

lpts, ros d trs r b

pusd towrds xtcto. Furtr tv

cts r dcl sol rtlty, roso s mor

commo, d food mor lly. Suc

mpct oods r o rds o t poor tr

wo stll d to m lv rom t dplt-

d ld. Sourc: WWF-idos (2007)

Figure 10: As global incomes rise so does

the demand or meat

(Sourc: UneP, 2008)

Por

Poultry

B

Otr

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

01990 2005

kiloramspr

prsopryar


13/20

13

globAl vAlue

ChAinS

t

op o ob vu is is os-

rd o i- iki. Prs-

i produs i- sow ow

mu rous ss r bi rsd io mospr, d duri wi ps o is

produio or us. Prsi produs vu

i i ddiio sow orpi o-

ios wr ss r bi rsd.

trou oomi obisio vu

is o si produ v bom irs-

i ompx o so mu so r o

or rspr. a produs m mris

d ompos r ow bi suppid, mu-

urd d ssmbd b muiud o om-

pis, priur sm d mdium-sizd

rpriss (SMes), rom dir oios d

o i asi. t virom o spos o

vu i v sid, iv ou-

souri m r d missio isiv

prosss o dvopi ouris, priur i

asi (Kud , 2008).

a ss o vu i r ixrib

ikd. Disios d ios k i o pr

o i ifu o upsrm (produ-

io) d dowsrm (osumpio) pss.compis d rsrrs r ow wr

rbo oopri o m produs, su s

xis, vis or riuur produs,

o b msurd, d uim rdud, b

osidri prs o vu i. I is o

or ou o jus osidr virom-

imps o i-ous oprios (s urs

11-13).

I ob vu i ommuiio

is k. Msuri d rdui rbo

oopri o produ rquirs ood ommui-

io wi suppirs, d mb v sup-

pirs o suppirs, wo r o od o

or sid o word. Rdui oopri

o r osumi produs, su s rs, r-

quirs ood ommuiio wi d-usrs s i

is wo r rsposib or us o mos

o r.

linKing europeAn

ConSumption

And ASiAn produCtion

Figures 11-13: The value chains show where theemission hot spots are or dierent products*

* bsd o vrous LCa dt sourcs

ghg missios vu i pssr r

ghgemissios

Rw mrixrio

Suppirproduio

compossmb

Disribuio& Ri

Us& ed o li

V a l U e c h a I n

low

ghg missios vu i coo t-sir

ghgemissios

Rw mrixrio

Suppirproduio

compossmb

Disribuio& Ri

Us& ed o li

V a l U e c h a I n

low

ghg missios vu i dir produs

ghgemissios

Rw mrixrio

Suppirproduio

compossmb

Disribuio& Ri

Us& ed o li

V a l U e c h a I n

low


14/20

14

gob vu is r so sddi mor

i o oomi d soi imbs i

disribuio o missios d iii

wr d o b urid. Bus idus-

riisio d mss produio d osump-

io srd mu rir i idusriisd

ouris o europ, nor amri d Jp, dvopd ouris r rsposib or

bou 75% o isori umuiv rous

s missios d mos 60% o urr ob

missios. I ors, dvopi d s-

dvopd oomis, wi orm roud 80%

o words popuio ou or o 23% o

isori ob umuiv missios d bou

40% o urr ob missios (Rup ,

2007). Idusriisd ouris r rsposib

or rs mou o isori d urr

missios, bu w idusriisd ouris i

Idusri produio, d-us d dors-

io r ivi ris o mos missios i asi,

wi mos o rd oomi iviis

bi udrk b SMes. t SWItch -asi

prormm is ori suppor d ouri

i s rs s SMes v w rsours

d pi o ir ow o improv viro-

m prorm.

asi r oub or rs row i

missios, ow d i uur. t rspo-

sibii or is row i missios r

b id door o idusri SMes d ir

irsi r d rsour us.

aou mu rsour d r i-

siv idusri produio ow ks p i d-vopi ouris d drivs up missios, d-

vopd ouris si v sii rr

sr o pr pi missios. t row i

missios is so mor si ribud b usi

vu i op: i OecD ouris r-

osumpio d rd missios rom i-

dusr v rmid rou sb si 1990

d r o xpd o row sii i

uur. Mjor irss i r osumpio

r ourri i or sors o osump-

io sid, priur i rspor d ousi(s ur 14).

Figure 14: All projections are upwards or energy consumption

(Sourc: eea, 2008)

1990

2006

2030

1990

2006

2030

1990

2006

2030

1990

2006

2030

1990

2006

2030

1990

2006

2030

OeCD europ OeCD na C Russ eurs id

2500

MTo

2000

1500

1000

500

0

idustry

Trsport

Otr sctors

no ry us


15/20

15

I asi, mi sours o rous s

missios r rd o r usd i i-

dusri produio d missios rom dor-

sio. Dspi i risis, oomidvopm oius d is r rsposi-

b or rowi dmd or idusri r-

. to rous s missios r rowi

d ir isi (cO2 quiv pr ui o

gDP) is i, bu i asi isi rmis

mos is i word (s ur

15). t poi or rduio i m idusr

sors su s m, s, mis, o-

rrous ms or umiium, d priur

i sm d mdium-sizd rpriss SMes is

ror u.

grow i r dmd i asi ouris

is o o us or im . t

rowi domsi d irio dmd

or ood, br d imbr s qu r

virom oopri s r dmd (S

ur 16).

induStriAl produCtion

in ASiA

lAnd-uSe And

deforeStAtion in ASiA

Figure 16: Ecological ootprint o the Asia Pacifc region 1961-2001

(sourc: WWF 2005)

Billiolobalctars

Bult-up ld

Food, br d tmbr

ery

1

2

3

4

5

19811961 2001

Figure 15: Greenhouse gas intensity varies

greatly across countries

(Sourc: Pw Ctr, 2007)

1000

800

600

400

200

0C World

avrDvlopdCoutrs

DvlopCoutrs

TosCO

2/mill.2

000USDgDP-PPP


16/20

16

ts dmds vi o asis ossms,

priur orss. tis is spi worr-

i bus o ir impor rbo sik u-

io wi sss imp o our i

im o er. Dorsio uss 35%

o missios i dvopi ouris d 65% i

s dvopd ouris. Wi som ou-ris i asi v impmd rorsio

prormms, i mos Sou es asi ou-

ris, su s Idosi, Msi d Mmr,

orss oiu o b dpd irdib

r. W? t ob dmd or ropi imbr

or uriur is si rowi, s r dmds

o r-s riuur d pm oi p-

ios or ood d rspor biou produio

(S ur 17).

Figure 17: Rates o annual orest

change in the Asia Pacifc region

(sourc: FaO 2007)

> 1.5% drs pr r

1 - 1.5% drs pr r

0.5 - 1% drs pr r0 - 0.5% drs pr r

0 - 1% irs pr r

> 1% irs pr r


17/20

17

t ro o SMes i asi oomi dvop-

m o b ovrsd. t r impor

i asi supp is d r sii ors

i asi Pi idusri sors. t ou ormor 90% o rpriss d i omi

dds mos o words muuri wi

mov o asi, o b r k up b SMes (s

tb 1). trou sub-ors wi rr om-

pis, SMes wi irsi bom pr o

ob vu is. SMe suppirs, or suppirs o

suppirs, mus so o r o mk wo

produio pross virom rid d

susib (Ro, 2005). Uoru, poor

odiio o SMes i asi is o o rsos

or row i idusri missios i asiouris.

I is o diu or SMes o impm vi-

rom d susibii os. I ors

o r orporios, k iivs, wr-

ss, d um d i rsours. esp-

i od, i mids o ob oomi

dowur d i risis, SMes r sor o

pi d v imid ss o bk os.

For s rsos, oiu o opr wi

oudd d poui mir, d v im-

id bii o dop oois.

SMes r so o disdvd b bi

od i rsidi rs, wr k -ss o v mos bsi siio srvis

su s swrs d ws dispos d r-

m iiis. t r pi urud b

o d muiip ovrms d sro

qui o i o o pop. I es-

r Mumbi, or xmp, irs drous

i d o usd b SMe missios is

i is ommuiis. to som x

iroduio o supp i mm is

bii o ifu virom m-

m i rio bu mu mor or is r-

quird o sur si s.

SmAll And medium-Sized

enterpriSeS in ASiA

cour SMes s proporio empom ribud Idusri oupu vu

o o rpriss (%) o SMes (%) ribud o SMes (%)

ci 99 73 60

Sipor 98 80 36

tiw 97 58 41

Vim 97 56 42

Table 1: Economic contribution o SMEs

in selected Asian countries(tr ho, 2005)


18/20

18

ClimAte ChAnge effeCtS in ASiAn CountrieS

I asi o o miiio o im is

, bu so dpio o im .

asi rd s p o virom prob-

ms d im is jus xrbi dddi o m rmi r. W r

? Wr d soi pouio, d drdio,

dorsio, biodivrsi oss d ovr-si,

dsriio, mi irs i hims

foodi owr Mko rio d vi

ss wr o b rrid b rivrs i uur.

Mosoos r i, svr drous r

rd i Idi, rk sorms d poos

r irsi ommo i Piippis d

Jp. Dsriio is sprdi i cr

asi, Mooi d ci dmi riuur.Bu mos worri o is iipd o-

mr ris i s-v ori 100 miio pop

rom ir oms, mos i Bds, sr

ci, d Vim.

no LeCZ

0.0 - 5.0

5.1 - 10.0

10.1 - 15.0

15.1 - 20.0

20.1 - 25.0

> 25,0

Pr ct o tol urbpopulto low lvtocostl zos as

Smll (100-500 tousd)

itrmdt (500 tousd - 1 mllo)

B (mor t 1 mllo)

LeCZ: Low elvto Costl Zosr ld rs tt r cotuous wt t costd t mtrs or lss lvto

Cty sz (populto)

Figure 18: Asian cities at risk

rom rising sea levels

(Sourc: UneP, 2009)

18


19/20

19

ShAring reSponSibility

for ghg emiSSionS

betWeen produCerS

And ConSumerS

to sussu mii im w

mus rdu rous s missios

ross word. tr is i dispu

bou is. I is o ood sii or dispi

missios rom o oio or our o o-

r, mus b rdud or. nw rbo

oui ssms wi u kowd

ro o osumrs i is o-

ribu o iv ovr o ob im

.

a prs, our msurs is missiosrou ivor o w i produs o is

ow soi. Bu is, uoru, dos o u

k io ou ob vu is d rd.

Simud b osumpio isid o our,

idusri produio d ror rous

s missios o our swr ousid

our, somims o or sid o

p. I urr missio oui ss-

ms is viru rbo, mbodid s i is i

produs, is o visib.

cosidri pr osumpio s o p

i ob d io missios provids w

prspiv. I s o UK, osump-

io-bsd ivor or 2002 v o rbo

oopri o 176.4 miio os o rbo (Mc),

omprd o io missio ivor o

149.0 Mc wi o ovrd missios r-d isid UK (crbo trus, 2006). Simir

or Spi, osumpio-bsd oopri o

ghg or 2005 ws r 17% ir

oi, produio-bsd, ivor (S,

2008). Prso rbo oopris r simir

so ir (s ur 19).

Figure 19: Balance o Spains carbon ootprint per capita in 2000

(Sourc: Stc, 2008)

imports 4.66

exports 3.56

Domstc producto 9.20

10.29Domstc cosumpto

(Crbo ootprt)

Blc = 1.09

0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00

tCO2 q/cp

8.00 10.00 12.00

Blc = 1.09


20/20

how dos osumpio-bsd oui ss-

m work? t xpor missios o our r

ddud rom io ivor, d

missios mbodid i ours impors r

cosumpio-bsd ppros r rd

bomi popur or di wi is rbo

k (s box). cosumpio-bsd ghg

missio oui or our rbo oo-

pris (hrwi d Prs, 2009) r bi pu

orwrd s mor omprsiv oui ss-

ms d r r bomi mor wid

kow d udrsood.

howvr, sibii o ppi osump-

io-bsd oui is si bi dbd. O

o d, i is osidrd mor ur, ir,

d poi mor i or bo dv-

opd d dvopi ouris. I oud so p

o ddrss issu o ommo bu diri-

d rsposibiiis udr Un Frmwork

covio o cim c (UnFccc). O

or d, d r o ws vib

d ri urr rriori produio-

bsd rbo oui ssm, wi is

or o pos-2012 poi dbs, oud durr oiios owrds ob d.

Furrmor, mbodid missios o b -

oud or so bsd o osumrs rsposi-

bii or rso produi ouris r

bi oomi rom rd.

t ror is o iv iro-

du som ms o osumpio-bsd

ppro io bo rd poiis d ur-

r s o irio oiios. tr is

p or rd poiis, wi b ow-rbo

oo rsr d v oo p-

roi or dvopi ouris. as lord Sr,

uor o ifui 2006 rpor t eo-

omis o cim c, rmrkd i M

2009: ts w rd is bou d s

w rd p dvopm d r is

di rsposibii wi osumr d

o jus wi produr. (t gurdi, 2009).

a sm im, xporrs o rbo-isiv

produs d o k rsposibii d io

o rdu ir domsi idusri missios.

bi ddd. W b or our is

posiiv, i is sid o xpor missios. W

b is iv, i impors missios

(s ur 20).

Figure 20: Consumption-based carbon accounting o countries(Sourc: Crbo Trust, 2006)

CArbon leAKAge

T trm crbo l dscrbs t p-

omo o crsd mssos o ro

rsult rom mssos costrt tro-

ducd otr (suc s trou tol pol-

cy). Ts cuss cs lobl vlu cs

d ltrs t fow o trtol trd cr-

bo-tsv products. Wlst polcy mt

b s to b succssul tolly, crbo

l wll rduc ts ultmt ctvss

d mpd y lobl rducto o mssos.

To m crbo l, mor ormto s

dd bout t mssos mbodd prod-

ucts, mor ocus s dd o ot-spots lo

t lobl vlu cs, d mssos v to

b rducd wt tol boudrs.

Producto

Trrtory a

Producto

Rst o

t WorldexportS importS

Cosumpto

Trrtory a

Cosumpto

Rst o t World

climate change link.pdf

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