climate change impact adaptation and policy in china
DESCRIPTION
Climate Change Impact Adaptation and Policy in China. Lin Erda, Ma Shiming Agroenvironment & Sustainable Development Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Extreme and. irreversible effects. Aggregate impacts. Distribution of. impacts. Unique and. threatened systems. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Climate Change Impact Adaptation and Policy in China
Lin Erda, Ma Shiming
Agroenvironment & Sustainable Development Institute,
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Global mean annual temperaturechange relative to preindustrial
20001950 2050 21000
1
2
3
4
5
6
Tem
pera
ture
ano
mal
y (
o C)
1900
Extreme andirreversible effects
Aggregate impacts
Distribution ofimpacts
Unique and threatened systems
Risks of large scalediscontinuitiesSome increase in extreme climate events
Small positive or negative net monetaryimpacts (most people adversely affected)
Net negative for some regions
Risks to some systems
Net negative monetary impacts
Net negative for many regions
Risks to many systems
Some increase in extreme climate events
Small positive or negative net monetary impacts (most people adversely affected)
Net negative for some regions
Risks to some systems
OB
SE
RV
ED
OB
SE
RV
ED Extreme and
irreversible effects
Aggregate impacts
Distribution ofimpactsUnique and threatened systems
IMPACTS FOR HIGH WARMING SCENARIO
IMPACTS FOR LOW WARMING SCENARIO
IPCC High
IPCC Low
China’s Temperature Change
Frequent occurrence of abnormal weather conditions
Occurring frequencies of droughts, floods and typhoon in some regions of China are correlated with the occurrence of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO)
The summer rain belt has moved further to the south. The precipitation has reduced in northern China
The winter becomes warmer and the summer becomes cooler;
The typhoons reached to China are not so frequently as before.
Observed impacts of changes in regional climate warming
are related to increasing yield trends in Northeast China,
lengthening growing seasons in northern China, improved cotton quality in Xingjiang, and
expansion and advanced phonologies
of agricultural pests. rice, wheat, and corn production would meet adverse
impacts due to shorter growth period caused by continuous warming climate, but cotton different.
China’s Rice Production and Yield
Yie
ld (
t/h
a)
China rice production
China wheat production
China maize production
-60%
-40%
-20%
0%
20%
40%
60%
Wheat
Irrigated Wheat
Spring W
heat
Irri S W
heat
Sin
gle Rice
Early R
ice
Late R
ice
Sp
ring C
orn
Irri. S C
orn
Su
mm
er Corn
Irri S C
ornThe Possible Impacts on Main Crops in China 2030
Increase
decrease
Concerning Issues
During the 1990s, the rice production and productivity in Asia has grown at a much slower rate than population
The current yield gap ranges from 10 to 60% between attainable and economically exploitable yields depending on the ecosystems and countries
The decline in cereal yield is due to shortening of growth period, decrease in photosynthesis ability, and increase in respiration demanding more water availability
Asian rice and other crops monoculture may be reaching productivity limits due to adverse impacts on soils
Legislation, policy and sustainable development
China has adopted 26 sets of laws and regulations in the agricultural sector.
Those laws and regulations have played an important role in promoting sustainable development in agriculture.
They also play an important role in adaptation of climate change
The Agricultural Law
The Agricultural Law, adopted in July 1993, is very conducive to a sustained and coordinated development in agriculture. Since 1993, an annual conference on rural development is convened each year by the central government, at which policies and measures aimed at protecting and encouraging farmer’s initiatives and increasing agricultural production are adopted.
1. Maintain the system of household contract responsibility with remuneration
linked to output
The extension of the contract period to up to 30 years has been embraced enthusiastically by the farmers at large, who are now motivated to increase agricultural production. So farmers have became a main bodies to adapt agriculture to CC
Adaptation policies for agriculture
2. Promoting the development of the agricultural production
3. Farmland water conservancy and shelter forest
4. Mechanization and Modernization of Agricultural Production
5. Agricultural insurance undertakings
6. Increasing allocations for agriculture
7. Enhancing science, technology and education
8. Resources use and the protection of rural environment
9. Prohibiting deforestation and the practice of slash-and-burn
The Forestry Law of China
Administrative rules and regulations such as Rules Governing the Implementation of the Forestry Law, Regulations on the Prevention of Forest Fires and Forest Pest Control Regulations were adopted 15 years ago. Up till now, China has issued four sets of forestry laws and legal instruments, 4 forestry administrative regulations, about 60 forestry sector rules and more than 200 local forestry regulations and local government rules. These laws, rules and regulations have played an important role in promoting sustainable forestry development and adaptation to CC.
China’s policies, laws and regulations on water conservation:
1. Water conservation
2. Flood control
3. Soil conservation
4. Water pollution control act
A UK-China Cooperation Project
To provide climate change scenarios for China, based on selected IPCC SRES emission scenarios for the 2020s, 2050s and 2080s.
To provide socioeconomic scenarios for China relevant to agriculture, for the 2020s and 2050s.
To provide an overview of the overall effects of climate change on agriculture in China, including economic costs of damages and /or adaptation.
Boundary Map of China
Grid partition of China
Land use map
FAO Soil data
Crop Variety and Planting details
Yield change map
Seven different climate scenarios (baseline, 2025, 2050 and 2080 under two emission scenarios (A2 and B2 SRES)
The resolution of climate scenarios for China is 50×50km with 19 levels in the atmosphere
Simulation period: 1961-1990, 2071-2100. For the period of 2011-2040, 2041-2071, can be get from pattern scaling
Climate Change Scenarios for China
Modeling results——Land use Change Scenario(2010)
Tilled land, grain output and demand during
2000-2080 ( High) •Yea
r•populati
on•( x108
)
•land ( x104)
•Output (x108)
•Demand( x108)
•Import/Demand( %)
•Per capita
demand( kilogram/perso
n)•200
0•12.65 •9546.65 •5.084 •4.8 •380
•2010
•14.03 •9250 •5.34 •5.40 •1.11 •385
•2020
•14.95 •9070 •5.50 •5.83 •5.66 •390
•2030
•15.48 •8890 •5.67 •6.20 •8.55 •400
•2040
•15.70 •8720 •5.84 •6.52 •9.82 •415
•2050
•15.69 •8550 •6.02 •6.66 •9.61 •425
•2060
•15.54 •8465 •6.18 •6.60 •6.40 •425
•2070
•15.25 •8380 •6.20 •6.48 •4.32 •425
•2080
•14.88 •8296 •6.20 •6.32 •1.90 •425
GIS technology
Climate change scenarios
Boundary Map of China
Grid partition of China
Land use map
FAO soil data
Crop Variety Distribution
Sowing date, Planting type
Running regional crop model
Yield Change of every cell
validating
The scale of China boundary map is 1:1,000,000
The resolution of the cells is 50*50KM, which is corresponding to the climate change scenarios.
Current and future land use map, the future land use map were predicted through the GDP and population
Get the soil attributes of physical and chemical characters, using the central soil model, adjusting the soil organic carbon under different climate scenarios.Crop variety and planting details will distributed to every cell. Form the data base for running crop model.
Flowchart
Yield Change Map all over China
Highlights of the projects so far
The more exact mapping results show the larger difference of crop yield distribution with the previous results; even involving adaptation climate change still will result in a reduction of between 5 and 10% in production of main crops in China in the next 30 years
.A further adverse impacts will happen, large adaptation costs will need, but will not seriously influence food security
Possible Adaptation for Agriculture
•Adjust cropping calendar and crop rotation
•develop and promote use of high-yielding varieties
•Promote irrigation and water-saving technologies
•shift from conventional crops to intensive greenhouse agriculture;
•Adopt heat-resistant crops, water-efficient cultivars with resistance to pests and diseases
Distribution Changes of Pinus tabulaeformis Carr油松
Distribution Changes of Pinus tabulaeformis Carr油松
Possible Adaptation for Forestry
•Improving the management of the ecological system of natural forests
•Selecting improved varieties of trees
•Integrated management of forest diseases , pets and weeds
•Improving the control of forest fires
Possible Adaptation for Water
•Improving the protection and maintenance of facilities •Intensify scientific research on water resources •Strengthening flood-control ability of dams and river dykes •Establishing modern forecasting, assessment systems •Protecting water environment and preventing pollution •Tree-planting and afforestation to prevent soil erosion •Establishing interregional water diversion
Significant actions taken by
the strengthening of research on (1) the science of the climate system and climatic change, (2) greenhouse gas emissions and the national inventory, (3) impacts on social and economic development, and (4) response strategies. China has also established a high-level cross-ministerial body, the National Coordinating Committee on Climate Change Policy, to address policy issues.
Has already made contributions
to alleviating the longer-term trends of climate change by such national measures and "win-win" strategies as population control, energy conservation, renewable energy development, and large-scale afforestation
A targeted research will need
A Capacity built and results obtained in V & A area will serve as a basis for sectoral vulnerability and adaptation analyses and input for climate change related policy, some of which may be included in the "general description of steps to implement the Convention" required in National Communications