clftpayhsh;fsf;fhd ghjfhg;g topfhl;b - ifj.org · clftpayhsh;fsf;fhd ghjfhg;g topfhl;b...

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33333


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ePq;fs; Kjd;Kiwahf xU ehl;bw;Nfh my;yJ gpuNjrj;jpw;Nfhnrd;why; cq;fSf;Fj; njhpahjJ vt;tsNth ,Uf;Fk;. rpwe;jClftpayhsh;fSf;F vy;yhk; njhpe;jpUf;f KbahJ. vd;whYk; mth;fs;Kf;fpa Nfs;tpfisf; Nfl;ff; fw;Wf; nfhs;tjpy; jpwik gilj;jth;fsha;,Ug;ghh;fs;. Vw;fdNt jhk; Ntiy ghh;f;Fk; kf;fis kjpf;Fk;ClftpayhsUld; cq;fs; el;gpidg; gyg;gLj;Jq;fs;. jhk; Ntiyghh;f;Fk; ,lq;fisAk; kf;fisAk; gw;wp Fiw$Wk; mtJ}W NgRk;egh;fs; mr;#o;epiyfs; gw;wp ePq;fs; njspthf mwpe;J nfhs;s cjtpaha;,Uf;f khl;lhh;fs;.

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44444


xh; Aj;jf; Fw;wr; nray; vd n[dpth cld;ghL tiutpyf;fzk; nra;fpwJ.ehLfSf;fpilNaNah my;yJ cs;ehl;L MAj Nkhjy;fspd; NghNjhnghJ kf;fspd; chpik vJNth mNj chpikia n[dpth cld;ghLClftpayhsUf;F mspf;fpd;wJ. fljhrpapy; vOjg;gl;Ls;s ,e;jr;rl;lk; nfhiy ntwp nfhz;l nfhiyahspia jLj;J epWj;jg;Nghtjpy;iy. Mdhy; Aj;jf; Fw;wthspfs; ePjpr; rl;lj;jpd; Kd;GepWj;jg;gLtJ cyfpy; mjpfhpj;Jf;nfhz;L tUtJ kl;Lky;y,uhZtq;fSk; Jizg; gilfSk; Aj;jf; Fw;wk; vd;gJ gw;wpa mwpitcilath;fshfNt fhzg;gLfpd;whh;fs;. Clftpayhsh;fs; ,e;j mwpitjq;fSf;Fr; rhjfkhf;fpf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. ePq;fs; Xh; Aj;j #o;epiyf;Fr;nry;Yfpd;wPh;fs; vd;why; n[dpth cld;ghl;bd; Xh; gpujpia cq;fSld;vLj;Jr; nry;Yq;fs;. Fwpg;ghf Aj;jj;jpy; rk;ge;jg;glhj nghJ kf;fs;NghyNt Clftpayhsh; elj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;W Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sgFjpia vLj;Jr; nry;Yq;fs;. mg;gFjpia Njitahd vy;yhnkhopfspYk; nkhop ngah;j;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. Mdhy; Clftpayhsh;Aj;jj;jpy; <Lgl;lhNyh> MAjk; Ve;jpdhNyh my;yJ csT ghh;j;jhNyh,j; jifikia ,og;gh; vd;gij kwthjPh;fs;. ,r; nray;fis mth;fs;Ghpe;jhy; mth;fs; Clftpayhsuha; ,Uf;fj; jtwptpLfpwhh;fs;.

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ntb Fz;Lfs; my;yntb Fz;Lfs; my;yntb Fz;Lfs; my;yntb Fz;Lfs; my;yntb Fz;Lfs; my;ymwpf;ifg; gj;jpuq;fs;mwpf;ifg; gj;jpuq;fs;mwpf;ifg; gj;jpuq;fs;mwpf;ifg; gj;jpuq;fs;mwpf;ifg; gj;jpuq;fs;

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55555


jtwhd eilKiwf;F Kw;Wg;Gs;sp itf;f Ntz;Lk;.

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ePq;fs; NghFk; ,lj;jpy; ngUk;ghYk; fhzg;gLk; Neha;fs; ahit?ePq;fs; ngw;Wf; nfhs;s Ntz;ba jLg;G Crpfs; vit? ePq;fs; nfhz;Lnry;y Ntz;ba kUe;Jfs; vit? cyf Rfhjhu epWtd rh;tNjr gazf;ifNaL> http://www.who.int/ith/countrylistol.html ,izaj;jsk;MfpaitAld; Muk;gpAq;fs;.

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ePq;fs; njhiytplj;jpy; gzpahw;Wk; NghJ cq;fs; nra;jpepWtdj;Jld; my;yJ jahhpg;ghsUld; njhlh;G nfhs;tjpy;gpur;rpidfs; Vw;glyhk;. ,uNth gfNyh jkJnra;jp jpul;Ldh;fSld;njhlh;G nfhs;s Kbahky; NghFk; NghJ epWtdj;jpdh; ftiynfhs;fpd;whh;fs;. ePq;fs; vq;Nf ,Uf;fpd;wPh;fs;? vd;d nra;fpd;wPh;fs;?vd;gJ kw;wth;fSf;Fj; njhpahky; Nghdhy; mJ cq;fSf;F Mgj;Jvd;gij ePq;fs; epidtpy; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. Mgj;J kpFe;j vy;yh#o;epiyfspYk; Cfltpayhsh;fs; nghWg;G kpFe;j xUtUf;Fj; jq;fs;Nghf;Ftuj;J Fwpj;j tpguq;fis mwpaj;jUtJ mj;jpahtrpakhdJ.

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66666


epWtd mjpfNtfg; Nghf;F Fwpj;J ePq;fs; vr;rhpf;ifaha; ,Uj;jy;Ntz;Lk;. mNjNghd;W vy;iyfisf; flj;jy;> Xh; Neh;fhzYf;fhfMAjg; NghuhspfSld; nry;Yjy; Nghd;w Neuq;fspy; cq;fs; epWtdk;jq;fsplk; Kd; mDkjpiag; ngwNtz;Lk; vd;W vjph;ghh;f;fyhk;.Mdhy; ePq;fSk; cq;fs; FOtpdUk; jPh;khdj;ij vLj;J mjd;gbxOf Ntz;Lk;. Mgj;jhd jPh;khdq;fs; vLg;gJ Fwpj;J FOtpduhfePq;fs; fye;jhNyhrpj;J ,zf;fg;ghl;bw;F tuNtz;Lk;. ,e;j KbTfisePq;fs; gjpTnra;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. Mgj;J #o;epiy njhlh;e;J,Ue;jhy; mDgt mbg;gilapy; jPh;khdk; kWghprPyid nra;ag;glNtz;Lk;. ,e;j mDgtf; Fwpg;Gfs; kpfTk; gpuNahrdkhfyhk;.njhlh;Gfs;> Mgj;Jg; gFjpfs;> cjtp ,lq;fs; vd;gd gjpT nra;ag;gl;Lgfpug;glyhk;. caph;fisf; fhg;ghw;wf; $ba jfty;fisg; gfph;e;J nfhs;sClftpayhsh; Kd;tu Ntz;Lk;. fsj;jpypUe;J jpUk;Gk; Clftpayhsh;kPswptpg;G nra;tjhy; mYtyfj; jftiy GJg;gpj;jy; nra;ayhk;. jpdk;,t;thW nra;Ak; NghJ ClftpayhsNuh my;yJ FOtpy; xU egNuhxU Fwpg;gpl;l fhyj;jpw;FNky; njhlh;G nfhs;shtpl;lhy; Mtze; NjLk;eltbf;iff;F ,J cjTk;. Clftpayhsh; Mgj;jpy; ,Ue;jhNyhmy;yJ jLj;J itf;fg;gl;bUe;jhNyh jdJ epWtdk; chpa eltbf;ifvLf;Fk; vd;gJ ,jdhy; njhpe;jpUg;gjhy; mth; jPh;khdk; vLf;f ,JcjTk;. ,g;gbg;gl;l ehshe;j gjpT xUth; fhag;gl;bUe;jhNyh>Neha;tha;g;gl;lhNyh> gytPdkhapUe;jhNyh mtiu mt;tplj;jpypUe;Jmfw;Wtjw;F chpa jpl;lq;fis cWjp nra;tjha; mika Ntz;Lk;.

(v) rhpahd cgfuzq;fisf; nfhz;L nry;yTk;(v) rhpahd cgfuzq;fisf; nfhz;L nry;yTk;(v) rhpahd cgfuzq;fisf; nfhz;L nry;yTk;(v) rhpahd cgfuzq;fisf; nfhz;L nry;yTk;(v) rhpahd cgfuzq;fisf; nfhz;L nry;yTk;

cjTk; cgfuzk; gytifg;glyhk;. ftrthfdk; Kjy; kpd; miynjhiyNgrp> eide;jhYk; gw;wf; $ba jPf;Fr;rp> tpw;gidf;fhdrhf;Nyl;Lfs; tiu ,jpy; mlq;Fk;. Clftpayhsh;> glg;gpbg;ghsh;>glg;gpbg;Gf; FOtpdh; Vw;fdNt jk;Kld; nfhz;L nry;yNtz;bacgfuzq;fs; mNdfk; cz;L. ePq;fs; vt;tsT nfhz;L Nghfyhk;vd;gJ ePq;fs; vq;fpUf;fpd;wPh;fs; cq;fs; trjp vd;d vd;gjig;nghWj;jJ. ePq;fs; nfhz;L Nghf Ntz;ba Kf;fpa cgfuzq;fspy;rpy gpd;tUkhW :

gj;jphpif milahs ml;ilgj;jphpif milahs ml;ilgj;jphpif milahs ml;ilgj;jphpif milahs ml;ilgj;jphpif milahs ml;il

,J cq;fis milahsk; fhl;Lk;. cq;fs; glj;ijj; jhq;fp tUk;.,J cq;fs; epWtdj;jhNyh> njhopw; rq;fj;jpdhNyh> cq;fs; njhopy;toq;FduhNyh cq;fSf;Fj; jug;glyhk;. Xh; mq;fPfhuk; ngw;w Kd;dzpepWtdj;jpdhy; jug;gLk; milahs ml;il Clftpayhsh;; cyfhPjpapy;mq;fPfhuk; ngw;W njhopy; Ghpgth; vd;w fUj;ij cWjp nra;fpd;wJ.

77777


n[dpth cld;ghLn[dpth cld;ghLn[dpth cld;ghLn[dpth cld;ghLn[dpth cld;ghL

MAj Nkhjnyhd;wpd; NghJ rfy kdpj caph;fSk; kjpf;fg;gl Ntz;Lnkd n[dpth cld;ghL NfhUfpwJ.,jpNy Clftpayhsh;fSila kdpj chpikfs; ghJfhf;fg;gl Ntz;Lnkdf; $wg;gLtJld;> mth;fs; VidanghJkf;fisg; Nghd;W td;Kiw> kpul;ly;> nfhiy> rpiwitg;G> rpj;jputij Nghd;wtw;wpypUe;J ghJfhf;fg;glNtz;Lnkd Fwpg;gplg;gLfpwJ. rl;lg+h;tkhd mwpf;if 1949k; Mz;L njhlf;fk; fhzg;gLtNjhL gy ehLfspdhYk;Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,r; rl;lq;fs; rh;tNjr kdpjhgpkhd rl;lq;fspYk; gq;fhf cs;sd. Xh; ,uhZt tPud;my;yJ MAjjhhp ,tw;iw kPwpdhy; mJ Aj;j Fw;wr; nrayhfpd;wJ. Clftpayhsh;fs; ,e;j chpikfis mwpe;Jitj;J mtw;iw eilKiwg;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;.

rhuhk;rk;rhuhk;rk;rhuhk;rk;rhuhk;rk;rhuhk;rk;

murhq;fq;fs; gpd;tUkhW nraw;gl Ntz;Lnkd rh;tNjr nrQ;rpYitr; rq;fk; $Wfpd;wJ :

rfy ehLfSk;... ez;gh;fisAk;> vjphpfisAk; rkdhfg; guhkhpf;f Ntz;Lk;.

vy;yh kdpjh;fisAk; kjpj;J> mtidNah my;yJ mtisNah nfsutpj;J> FLk;g chpikfisg; ghJfhj;J>rka chpikfisg; ghJfhj;J> rpW gps;isfSila chpikfSf;F tpNrl ftdk; mspf;f Ntz;Lk;.

gpd;tUtdtw;iw jtph;j;jy; Ntz;Lk;. kdpjhgpkhdkw;w> fPo;j;jukhd elj;ij> gzaf; ifjpfs;> ghhpagLnfhiyfs;> rpj;jputij> tprhuizaw;w nfhiyj; jPh;g;Gfs;> ehLflj;jy;> clikfis nfhs;isabj;jy;kw;Wk; jd;dpr;irahf Nrjk; Vw;gLj;jy;.

fhag;gl;l MAjjhhpfs;> Aj;j rpiwf;ifjpfs;> nghJkf;fs; ahtUf;Fk; ghJfhg;G toq;fg;glfhag;gl;l MAjjhhpfs;> Aj;j rpiwf;ifjpfs;> nghJkf;fs; ahtUf;Fk; ghJfhg;G toq;fg;glfhag;gl;l MAjjhhpfs;> Aj;j rpiwf;ifjpfs;> nghJkf;fs; ahtUf;Fk; ghJfhg;G toq;fg;glfhag;gl;l MAjjhhpfs;> Aj;j rpiwf;ifjpfs;> nghJkf;fs; ahtUf;Fk; ghJfhg;G toq;fg;glfhag;gl;l MAjjhhpfs;> Aj;j rpiwf;ifjpfs;> nghJkf;fs; ahtUf;Fk; ghJfhg;G toq;fg;glNtz;Lk;.Ntz;Lk;.Ntz;Lk;.Ntz;Lk;.Ntz;Lk;.

Kjypuz;L xg;ge;jq;fSk; fhag;gl;l> RfaPdkhd MAjjhhpfspdJk;> itj;jpa Ntiyfspy; <LgLgth;fspdJk;ghJfhg;ig> Aj;jf; fsj;jpYk;> flypYk; cWjp nra;fpd;wJ. %d;whtJ xg;ge;jk; %d;whtJ xg;ge;jk; %d;whtJ xg;ge;jk; %d;whtJ xg;ge;jk; %d;whtJ xg;ge;jk; Aj;jf; ifjpfis ghJfhf;fpd;wJ.gpuj;jpNafkhf Aj;j #o;epiyapy; Ntiy nra;a epakpf;f;gl;l Clftpayhsh;fisf; Fwpj;J %d;W cld;ghLfSk;Fwpg;gpLfpd;wd. ehd;fhtJ n[dpth cld;ghL ifg;gw;wg;gl;l my;yJ vjphpapd; vy;iyapy; cs;s nghJ kf;fspd;chpikfisg; ghJfhf;fpd;wJ.

,jpy; cWg;Giu 3> vy;yh cld;ghLfs; Fwpj;J Kf;fpakhd tplaq;fisf; $Wfpd;wJ.

1. MAj Nkhjypy; ve;j tpjg; gq;Fk; tfpf;fhj Aj;jq;fis Gwf;fzpj;j ,uhZtj;jpdh;> Nghh; nra;a Kbahky;RfaPdkile;Njhh;> fhakile;Njhh;> rpiw itf;fg;gl;lth;fs;> vy;yh re;jh;g;gq;fspYk; kdpjhgpkhdj;NjhLelhj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk; vdTk; ,d> kj> epw> ghy;> gpwg;G> nry;thf;F vd;fpd;w mbg;gilapy; ,th;fs; xJf;fg;gLjy;$lhJ vdTk; $WfpwJ. gpd;tUk; nray;fs; Nky; Fwpg;gplg;gl;l rhuhUf;F nra;ag;glf; $lhjit.

(m) tho;f;iff;F mr;RWj;jyhd> egUf;F mr;RWj;jyhd td;Kiw> rfytpjkhd nfhiyfs;> nfhLikg; gLj;jy;>kw;Wk; rpj;jputij.

(M) gzaf; ifjpfshf vLj;jy;

(,) Ra nfsutj;Jf;F vjpuhd elj;ijfs;> Fwpg;ghf ,opthd> fPo;j;jukhf elj;Jjy;.

(<) ahg;G top ,y;yhj ePjp kd;wj;jpdhy; tprhuizapy;yhj kuz jz;lidfs; toq;fg;glf; $lhJ. nghJkf;fspdhy; KOikahf Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;l> ePjpia cWjp nra;fpd;w Xh; mikg;gpdhy; epahak; jPh;f;fg;glNtz;Lk;.

2. fhakile;jth;fisAk;> Nehahsh;fisAk; xd;wpizj;J mth;fis ghh;j;Jf; nfhs;sy; Ntz;Lk;.

88888


clftpayhsh;fs; nghJ kf;fisg; Nghd;W ghJfhf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; cWg;Giu 79 Kf;fpakhdJclftpayhsh;fs; nghJ kf;fisg; Nghd;W ghJfhf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; cWg;Giu 79 Kf;fpakhdJclftpayhsh;fs; nghJ kf;fisg; Nghd;W ghJfhf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; cWg;Giu 79 Kf;fpakhdJclftpayhsh;fs; nghJ kf;fisg; Nghd;W ghJfhf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; cWg;Giu 79 Kf;fpakhdJclftpayhsh;fs; nghJ kf;fisg; Nghd;W ghJfhf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; cWg;Giu 79 Kf;fpakhdJ

Miz 1 n[dpth cld;ghL (,J 1978k; Mz;L mKYf;F te;jJ) cWg;Giu 79,d; gb :

1. cWg;Giu 50 Kjyhk; ge;jpapy; cs;sthW xU Clftpayhsh; Aj;j #o;epiy xd;wpy; Mgj;jhd Ntiyapy;<Lgl;bUf;Fk; NghJ mth; nghJkfdhfNt fUjg;gLthh;.

2. ,e;j Mizapd; gb Clftpayhsh;fs; ghJfhf;fg;gl Ntz;Lkhdhy;> mth;fs; nghJkfdhf> my;yJ nghJkfshf fUjg;gLtjw;F Kuzhd nraw;ghl;by; <Lglf; $lhJ. mj;NjhL cWg;Giu 4 A apd; (ehd;fhk;cld;ghl;bd; gb) ,uhZtj;jpdUf;F toq;fg;gl;Ls;s Aj;j mwpf;ifahshpd; chpikfSf;F CWtpistpf;fhjtifapy; ele;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.

3. ,e;j Mizapy; ,izg;G 11,y; cs;sthW Xh; milahs ml;ilia mth;fs; ngw;Wf; nfhs;Sjy; mtrpak;.,e;j ml;il Clftpayhsiu gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;Jfpd;w murhq;fj;jpdhy;> my;yJ gpuNjrj;jpdhy;toq;fg;gl;bUf;f Ntz;Lk;. mj;NjhL mjpNy Clftpayhsh; gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;Jfpw epWtdk;> mjDilaKfthp> kw;Wk; Clftpayhshpd; njhopy; epiy vd;gd Fwpg;gplg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

cld;ghL rptpy; Aj;jq;fis kl;LNk Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ. fytuq;fis my;y.cld;ghL rptpy; Aj;jq;fis kl;LNk Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ. fytuq;fis my;y.cld;ghL rptpy; Aj;jq;fis kl;LNk Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ. fytuq;fis my;y.cld;ghL rptpy; Aj;jq;fis kl;LNk Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ. fytuq;fis my;y.cld;ghL rptpy; Aj;jq;fis kl;LNk Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ. fytuq;fis my;y.

Miz 2 Miz 2 Miz 2 Miz 2 Miz 2 n[dpth cld;ghl;il cs;ehl;L MAj Kuz;ghLfs; Fwpj;Jk; rpy tplaq;fis $wp itf;fpd;wJ.mjhtJ xU ehl;bd; vy;iyf;Fs; mur ,uhZtj;jpdUf;Fk;> Vida ve;jnthU MAj FOtpw;Fk; ,ilapyhdMAj Nkhjiy ,J Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ.

,e;j Mizapd; gb ghhpa rptpy; Kuz;ghLfs; Fwpg;gplg;gLfpd;wNj jtpu> "cs;@h; fytuq;fs;> iffyg;Gfs;>Mq;fhq;Nf Vw;gLk; td;Kiw rk;gtq;fs; Nghd;wtw;iw cld;ghL cs;slf;ftpy;iy.

nghJ kf;fs; vt;thW elj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;> vt;thW elj;jg;glf; $lhJ.nghJ kf;fs; vt;thW elj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;> vt;thW elj;jg;glf; $lhJ.nghJ kf;fs; vt;thW elj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;> vt;thW elj;jg;glf; $lhJ.nghJ kf;fs; vt;thW elj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;> vt;thW elj;jg;glf; $lhJ.nghJ kf;fs; vt;thW elj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;> vt;thW elj;jg;glf; $lhJ.

Miz 2 cWg;Giu 4 vt;thW Aj;jj;jpy; <LgLfpwhh;fs;. nghJkf;fis vt;thW elj;j Ntz;Lnkd;W $Wfpd;wJ.

1. mth;fSila Rje;jpuk; tiuaWf;fg;gl;bUe;jhYk; ,y;yhtpbDk;> egUf;Fk;> mtUila nfsutKk;>ek;gpf;iffSk;> kjg; ghuk;ghpaq;fSk; kjpf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. ve;jtpj ghFghLk; ,d;wp mth;fs; vy;yhre;jh;g;gj;jpYk; kdpjhgpkhdj;NjhL elhj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;. ahUk; jg;gpapUf;ff; $lhJ vd cj;jutpLtJ jilnra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ.

2. gpd;tUk; elj;ijfs; ,q;F Fwpg;gplg;gLk; egh;fSf;nfjpuhf ve;jnthU Neuj;jpYk;> ,lj;jpYk; jilnra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ.

(m) capUf;nfjpuhd td;Kiw> Rfhjhuj;Jf;F vjpuhd> kw;Wk; cly;> cs eyDf;F vjpuhd td;Kiwfs;. Fwpg;ghfnfhiy kw;Wk; rpj;jputijfs;. mq;ftPdg;gLj;jy; my;yJ cly; hPjpahd jz;lid.

(M) $l;Lj; jz;lidfs;

(,) gzaf;; ifjpfshf vLj;jy;

(<) gaq;futhj elj;ijfs;

(c) Ra nfsutj;Jf;F vjpuhd nraw;ghLfs;. Fwpg;ghf fPo;j;jukhd> mnfsutkhd nray;fs;. ghypay; ty;YwTgyte;jg;gLj;jg;gl;l tpgr;rhuk; Nghd;w mtkhpahijahd nray;fs;.

(C) mbikj;Jtk; kw;Wk; mbik tpahghuk;

(v) nfhs;is

(V) Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l ve;jnthU nraiyAk; nra;tjhf mr;RWj;jy;

99999


Nkhjy; #o;epiyfspy; mjpy; gq;Nfw;gth;fshy; cq;fs; milahsml;il tuNtw;fg; glyhk;. tuNtw;igj; juhkYk; tplyhk;.,uhZtj;jpdh; my;yJ nghyprhuhy; ifnahg;gkplg;gl;l fbjq;fisAk;ePq;fs; Rke;J nry;yyhk;. ePq;fs; Clftpayhsnud;Wk; cq;fSf;Fxj;Jiog;G toq;Fk;gbAk; mth;fs; jq;fs; gilapdhplk; Nfhhpcq;fSf;Ff; fbjk; juyhk;. tuf;$ba Mgj;Jf;fspd; mbg;gilapy;,j;jifa fbjq;fspd; cgNahfj;ij ePq;fs; vilNghl Ntz;Lk;. Xh;Nghuhl;lf; FOj; jiytuhy; cq;fSf;Fj; jug;gLk; mDkjpr; rPl;Lfhuzkhf ePq;fs; mur gilapduhy; ifjhff; $ba Mgj;J Neuyhk;.mJ cq;fSf;Nfh kw;wtUf;Nfh ghjfkhf mikAk; vd;gJ Fwpj;Jrpe;jpj;J ePq;fs; nraw;gl Ntz;Lk;. Nghuhl;lr; #oypy; Nrhjidr;rhtbfspy; NrhjidapLk; NghJ Nghuhl;lj;jpy; <Lgl;Ls;s VNjhFOtpdUf;Fg; ghjfkhd mwpf;if vJTk; cq;fs; iftrk; ,Ug;gJcq;fSf;F Mgj;jhf mike;J tplyhk;.

mtruj; njhiyNgrp vz;fs;mtruj; njhiyNgrp vz;fs;mtruj; njhiyNgrp vz;fs;mtruj; njhiyNgrp vz;fs;mtruj; njhiyNgrp vz;fs;

fhaNkJk; Vw;gl;lhy; cldbahf miof;f Ntz;ba mtrunjhiyNgrp vz; gl;banyhd;W cq;fs; iftrk; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.ePq;fs; Neh;fhzy; nra;Ak; egh;fSf;F mjdhy; Mgj;J cUthFk;vd;W njhpe;jhy; mth;fs; gw;wpa jfty;fis ePq;fs; ,ufrpakha;itj;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;. ngah;fisAk; Fwpg;GfisAk; NtWgLj;Jq;fs;.my;yJ Gid ngah;fisf; Fwpg;gpLq;fs;. Gid ngah;fs; Xh; ,ufrpaf;FwpaPl;L nkhopahff; fhzg;glf; $lhJ.

Nghyp gzg;ignahd;WNghyp gzg;ignahd;WNghyp gzg;ignahd;WNghyp gzg;ignahd;WNghyp gzg;ignahd;W

cq;fSila gzk; kw;Wk; Njitahd vOj;jhtzq;fs; njhpahj,lj;jpy; ghJfhg;ghf itf;fTk;. vt;thwhapDk; ,yFthf vLj;Jf;nfhs;sf; $ba rpW njhifg; gzj;jpid kw;Wk; nfhs;isabf;fg;gl;lhy;nfhLg;gjw;F VjhtJ ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. rpW njhif gzk; kw;Wk;gioa f ;ubl ; fhl ; ml;ilfisf ; nfhz;l Nkyjpfkhdgzg;ignahd;wpid vLj;Jr; nry;yTk;. cq;fsplk; nfhs;isabf;fg;-gl;lhy; mjidf; nfhLf;fTk;.

ePh;ePh;ePh;ePh;ePh;

Nghh;r; #o;epiyfspy; Rj;jkhd ePH; fpilg;gJ fbdkhfyhk;.cztpy;yhky; ePq;fs; gy ehl;fs; caph; thoyhk;. Mdhy; Rj;jkhdePiug; gUFtjw;F xt;nthU ehSk; cq;fSf;Fj; Njitg;gLk; FbePh;Nghj;jy;fisf; nfhz;L nry;Yq;fs;. my;yJ tbfs;> FbePh; J}a;iknra;Ak; kUe;J vd;gtw;iwf; nfhz;L nry;Yq;fs;.

1010101010


KjYjtpg; nghjpKjYjtpg; nghjpKjYjtpg; nghjpKjYjtpg; nghjpKjYjtpg; nghjp

kUj;Jt trjp ,y;yhj J}u ,lq;fspy; gzpGhpag; NghFk;Clftpayhsh; KjYjtpg; nghjpia jk;Kld; nfhz;L nry;tJmtrpak;. Kbe;jhy; ,uz;L nghjpfis itj;jpUq;fs;. xd;W cq;fSld;,Uf;fl;Lk;. ,d;ndhd;W thfdj;jpy; ,Uf;fl;Lk;. mj;jpahak; 5 ,jidNkYk; tpghpf;fpd;wJ.

nghy;Yfs; jbfis Ve;jpath;fs; nghyprhh; ghh;j;Jf;nfhz;bUf;ifapNyNa jhf;fpdh;

Fz;lh;fspd; jhf;FjYf;F ,yf;fhd uhta gj;jphpifapd; Gifg;glg;gpbg;ghsh; m[pj; nrdtpuj;dFz;lh;fspd; jhf;FjYf;F ,yf;fhd uhta gj;jphpifapd; Gifg;glg;gpbg;ghsh; m[pj; nrdtpuj;dFz;lh;fspd; jhf;FjYf;F ,yf;fhd uhta gj;jphpifapd; Gifg;glg;gpbg;ghsh; m[pj; nrdtpuj;dFz;lh;fspd; jhf;FjYf;F ,yf;fhd uhta gj;jphpifapd; Gifg;glg;gpbg;ghsh; m[pj; nrdtpuj;dFz;lh;fspd; jhf;FjYf;F ,yf;fhd uhta gj;jphpifapd; Gifg;glg;gpbg;ghsh; m[pj; nrdtpuj;d

lTd; N`hypy; ,Ue;J ehDk; Ch;tyj;Jld; te;Njd;. Ch;tyk; nrQ;rpYitr; rq;f Rw;Wtl;lj;jpy; epd;wJ. mt;tplj;jpw;F vjph;f;fl;rpj; jiyth; uzpy; tpf;fpukrpq;` tUif je;jhh;.,e;j Neuj;jpy; nrQ;rpYitr; rq;f fl;blkUNf nghyp]; [Pg; tz;b xd;W epWj;jg;gl;bUe;jJ.mjpfsT nghyprhh; ,Ue;jdh;. rpwpJ Neuj;jpy; mg; nghyp]; [Pg; tz;b nfhs;Sg;gpl;b gf;fk;nrd;wJ. Ch;tyj;jpy; ,Ue;jth;fs; fj;jpf; nfhz;L Kd;Ndhf;fp te;jdh;. tPjpapd; tyJ gf;fj;jpy;rpyh; ,Ue;jdh;. mth;fs; ifapy; ,Uk;GfSlDk;> nghy;YfSlDk;> fw;fSlDk; fhzg;gl;ldh;.Kjypy; xUth; te;J "Af;jpa" gj;jphpifapd; [dg;hpa rkujpthfutpd; Gifg;glf; fUtpiagwpg;gjw;F Kad;whh;. [dg;gphpa kPz;Lk; mjid ,Oj;J vLj;Jf; nfhz;lhh;. mjd; gpd;dh;mt;tplj;jpypUe;J Kd;Ndhf;fpr; nry;tjw;F vk;khy; Kbe;jJ. ehk; Kd;Ndhf;fpr; nrd;Nwhk;.,th;fs; tPjpapd; kW gf;fj;jpNyNa ,Ue;jdh;. mth;fs; vkf;Fg; gpd;dhy; Xb te;J vk;ikr;Rw;wp tisj;Jf; nfhz;ldh;. mg;nghOJ Ch;tyk; mt;tplj;jpid neUq;ftpy;iy.mt;tplj;jpypUe;j midj;J Clftpayhsh;fisAk; mth;fs; nghy;YfshYk; jbfshYk; jhf;f

Muk;gpj;jdh;. vd; mUfpNyNa Af;jpatpd; [dg;gphpaTk;> yf;gpktpd; Gj;jpfTk; ,Ue;jdh;.

vd;idj; jhf;Fk; nghOJ ehd; Ch;tyk; tUk; gf;fj;jpw;F XbNdd;. Vida Clftpayhsh;fSk; mUfpypUe;jNjhl;lq;fSf;F Xbdh;. mth;fs; mfg;gl;Lf; nfhz;ldh;. mth;fs; midthpd; Gifg;glf;fUtpfisAk; mgfhpj;Jf; nfhz;ldh;.ehd; XLk; NghJ vdf;F Kd; tPbNah fkpuhit itj;jpUe;j xUth; jhf;fg;gLtjidf; fz;Nld;. mjid ehd; Gifg;glk;vLj;Njd;. mjd; gpd;dh; vd;id gpd;dhy; Juj;jp te;jth; vd; KJfpy; nghy;yhy; jhf;fpdhh;. ehd; jg;gp XLk; nghOJvd;idg; gpd;dhy; Juj;jp te;jdh;. ehd; tPjpf;F te;Njd;. mt;tplj;jpypUe;j Njhl;lnkhd;wpd; kf;fs; vd;id mth;fspd;tPl;Lf;F mioj;Jr; nrd;W jz;zPh; nfhLj;J cjtpdh;. mjd; gpd;dh; ehd; fWthj;Njhl;l nghyp]; epiyaj;jpy; Kiwg;ghLnra;Njd;.

jh;kghy khtj;ijapd; rkpf;iQ tpsf;fUfpy; nghyp]; tPjpj;jilnahd;W Nghlg;gl;bUe;jJ. mt;tplj;jpy; nghyp];mjpfhpfSk; ,Ue;jdh;. vk;ikj; jhf;fpath;fs; me;jg; gf;fj;jpw;Nf nrd;wdh;. ,t; midj;J rk;gtq;fSk; ,lk; ngw;wNtisapy; jh;kghy khtj;ijapd; ,U Gwq;fspYk; nghyp]; mjpfhhpfs; ,Ue;jdh;. mth;fs; ,t;tidj;Jr; rk;gtq;fisAk;ghh;j;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jdh;. vdJ igiaAk; vLg;gjw;F ,lkspf;ftpy;iy. ,d;W mr;rk;gtj;jpid jpUk;gpg; ghh;f;Fk; nghOJClftpayhsh;fspd; ghJfhg;G njhlh;ghf tpsf;fnkhd;W ,Ue;jpUg;gpd; ehk; ghJfhg;ghf ,Ue;jpUf;f KbAk; vdepidf;fpd;Nwd;.

1111111111


njhiyNehf;Ff; fz;zhbnjhiyNehf;Ff; fz;zhbnjhiyNehf;Ff; fz;zhbnjhiyNehf;Ff; fz;zhbnjhiyNehf;Ff; fz;zhb

glg;gpbg;ghsh;fs; Nghh;r;#oypy; jq;fisg; ghJfhf;f njhiyNehf;Ff;fz;zhbfisf; nfhz;L nry;tJ mtrpak;. J}u ,Ue;Nj epfo;Tfisg;gjpT nra;a ,J cjTk;. rf;jptha;e;j njhiyNehf;Ff; fz;zhb,y;yhjNghJ capiug; gzak; itj;J Nkhjy; epfo;TfSf;FmUfhikapy; glk; gpbf;fr; nry;y Ntz;b NehpLk;. cq;fs; epWtdj;jpdh;rf;jptha;e;j njhiyNehf;F fz;zhb> ghukpy;yhj glg;gpbg;Gf; fUtpvd;gdtw;iw cq;fSf;Fj; jUk;gb cWjp nra;J nfhs;Sq;fs;.

Mgj;J rkpf;iQMgj;J rkpf;iQMgj;J rkpf;iQMgj;J rkpf;iQMgj;J rkpf;iQ

Xh; tprpy; cq;fs; iftrk; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. ftdj;ij cq;fs; trk;<h;f;f my;yJ mgha mwptpg;Gj; ju ,J cjTk;. cq;fs; FUjp tifcly; ey tpguq;fs;> xj;Jtuhj kUe;Jfs; vd;gd gw;wpa tpguk; jUk;Xh; kUj;Jt milahsf; fhg;gpid ifapy; mzpe;jpUq;fs;.

RaNjitg; nghUl;fs;RaNjitg; nghUl;fs;RaNjitg; nghUl;fs;RaNjitg; nghUl;fs;RaNjitg; nghUl;fs;

rth;f;fhuk;> Nghh;it> Jtha; Nghd;w RaNjitg; nghUl;fs;njhiytplq;fSf;Fr; nry;Yk; NghJ nfhz;L nry;Yq;fs; .fopg;gfj;jpw;Fhpa cgfuzq;fis vLj;Jr; nry;Yq;fs;. cq;fs; gw;fs;>ghjq;fs;> ,uz;ilAk; ghJfhj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;.

(((((V) thfdj;ij jahh;g;gLj;Jq;fs;V) thfdj;ij jahh;g;gLj;Jq;fs;V) thfdj;ij jahh;g;gLj;Jq;fs;V) thfdj;ij jahh;g;gLj;Jq;fs;V) thfdj;ij jahh;g;gLj;Jq;fs;

njhiytplq;fspy; gzpahw;Wtjhdhy; thfdk; iftrk; ,Uf;fNtz;Lk;. cq;fs; Nghf;Ftuj;ij Jhpjg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf kl;Lky;yRkg;gjw;Ff; f\;lkhd nghUl;fis itj;jpUg;gjw;F thfdk; mtrpak;.Kbe;jhy; thfdr; rhujp cq;fs; FOitr; Nrh;e;j mh;g;gzKs;s Xh;eguhf ,Ug;gJ ey;yJ.

thfdKk; rhujpAk; ey;y epiyapy; ,Ug;gJ mtrpak;. rh;tNjrClftpayhsh; ftr thfdj;ijg; ngWk; tha;g;Gilath;fsha;,Uf;fyhk;. ,j;jifa thfdk; MWkhjk; njhlh;e;J Xh; rpwpanjhiyf;fhl;rp epWtdj;ij elj;Jtjw;F nrythFk; gzj;ijAk; tpltpiy mjpfkhdJ. cq;fs; thfdj;jpd; ,ae;jpuk; ey;y epiyapy; ,aq;fNtz;Lk;. ey;y khw;W lah;fs; iftrk; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. NkyjpfvhpnghUs;> jz;zPh; vd;gd ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. cq;fs; thfdj;jpy; Clfk;my;yJ gj;jphpifahsh; vd;W vOjp xl;Ltjh vd;gij ePq;fs; jPh;khdpf;fNtz;Lk;. rpy re;jh;g;gq;fspy; ,J cq;fSf;Fg; ghJfhg;G mspf;Fk;.rpy re;jh;g;gq;fspy; ePq;fs; jhf;FjYf;F ,yf;fhfyhk;. ,g;gbg;gl;lgjhiffis ePq;fs; ghtpg;gjha; ,Ue;jhy; cq;fs; thfdj;jpd; Nky;

neUf;fbf;F Kfk;neUf;fbf;F Kfk;neUf;fbf;F Kfk;neUf;fbf;F Kfk;neUf;fbf;F Kfk;nfhLg;gjw;F cq;fSilanfhLg;gjw;F cq;fSilanfhLg;gjw;F cq;fSilanfhLg;gjw;F cq;fSilanfhLg;gjw;F cq;fSilathfdj;jpw;F ,aYkh?thfdj;jpw;F ,aYkh?thfdj;jpw;F ,aYkh?thfdj;jpw;F ,aYkh?thfdj;jpw;F ,aYkh?

cq;fSila thfdk; rpwe;jjuj;jpy; ,Ug;gjid cWjpnra;J nfhs;sTk;. uah;fspd;epiyikapid jpdKk;ghpNrhjid nra;aTk;.mjpfsT ntg;gkhd Neuj;jpy;ntbg;gjw;F ,lKz;L. rpwe;jjuj;jpy; NkYnkhU uah;,Ug;gjid cWjp nra;Jnfhs;sTk;.

1212121212


$iuapYk; gf;fq;fspYk; xl;Lq;fs;. mg;NghJ jhd; tpkhdq;fs; cq;fismilahsk; fhzyhk;. ePq;fs; xl;Lk; gjhiffis Njitg;gbd; cld;mfw;wf; $ba epiyapy; mit ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. thfdk;gOJgl;lhNyh> Gije;jhNyh ,Oj;Jr; nry;yf; $ba trjp mike;jjha;,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. xt;nthU thfdj;jpYk; KjYjtpg; ngl;bAk;jPaizg;G cgfuzKk; ,Uj;jy; mtrpak;.

rhujp mDgtrhypahfTk; epjhdk; cilatuhAk; ,Uj;jy; mtrpak;.mth; thfdj;ij ftdkhfr; nrYj;Jgtuhf ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. rhujpkPJ cq;fshy; ek;gpf;if itf;f KbahjpUg;gpd; tpgj;J Neuhj NghjpYk;ePq;fs; kdf;fisg;gilayhk;. ,J cq;fs; J}f;fj;ijg; ghjpf;fyhk;. ePz;lfhyj;jpw;nfd Xh; rhujpia epakpj;jhy; cq;fSf;F mspf;fg;gLk;ghJfhg;G mtUf;Fk; mspf;f;gLtij cWjp nra;Aq;fs;. rhujp ahiumioj;Jr; nry;fpd;whNuh mt;tpdj;ijNah ehl;ilNah Nruhjtuha;,Ug;gpd; Nrhjidr; rhtbfspy; gpur;rpidfSf;F Kfk; nfhLf;f NehpLk;.

(c) rhpahd Milfisf; nfhz;L nry;Yq;fs;

ePq;fs; nfhz;L nry;y Ntz;ba Milfs; fhyepiy> jq;f Ntz;bafhy vy;iy vd;gtw;iwg; nghWj;jJ.

fhyzpfhyzpfhyzpfhyzpfhyzp

Njitg;gbd; ePz;lNeuk; elg;gjw;F trjpaha; cq;fs; fhyzp ,Uf;fNtz;Lk;. ghukw;w> ePiu cwpQ;rhj fhyzpfs; jukhdit. mit fhYf;Ftrjpaha; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. ePq;fs; gazj;ij Muk;gpg;gjw;F Kd;Gjpjhf mtw;iw thq;f Ntz;lhk;. ghjq;fSf;F ,uz;L ciwfismzpaf; $bajha; ,ltrjp ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. cq;fs; Mil rk;ge;jkhfg;ghh;f;Fk; NghJ ghjzp kpf Kf;fpakhdnjhd;whf mikfpwJ.

trjpahd MilAk; E}yhilAktrjpahd MilAk; E}yhilAktrjpahd MilAk; E}yhilAktrjpahd MilAk; E}yhilAktrjpahd MilAk; E}yhilAk;

gy re;jh;g;gq;fspy; xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l Milfis ePq;fs; mzpaNtz;b tUk;. Nkyhilfs; trjpahditahf mika Ntz;Lk;.cs;shilfs; E}yhilfsha; my;yJ ,aw;if Jzptifapdjha;mikjy; ed;W. cq;fs; Mil Nghh; tPuhpd; MilNghy; Njhw;wk;nfhz;ljha; mikaf; $lhJ. cq;fs; Mil rPUil Nghyy;yhky;gyth;zk; nfhz;ljha; miktJ ed;W. cq;fs; igapy; ftdj;ij<h;g;gjw;Fhpa gspr;nrd epwk; nfhz;l JzpNah my;yJ nts;isf;nfhbaha; ghtpg;gjw;Nfw;w ntz;zpwj; JzpNah iftrk; ,Uf;fNtz;Lk;. nta;apYf;Fk; FspUf;Fk; <LnfhLf;fr; rpwe;j njhg;gpnahd;iwnfhz;L nry;Yq;fs;.

1313131313


ghJfhg;G MilghJfhg;G MilghJfhg;G MilghJfhg;G MilghJfhg;G Mil

Jg;ghf;fpr; #LfSf;F kj;jpapy; ePq;fs; mfg;gl;lhy; cq;fs; MilghJfhg;G juf;$ba Milaha; mika Ntz;Lk;. Jg;ghf;fp uitfs;Jisf;f Kbahj [hf;nfl;Lfis mzpAq;fs;. ,Uk;Gf; ftrj;ijtplkl;ghz;l ftrk; ghukw;wJ. Mdhy; ftdkha;g; Ngzg;gl Ntz;Lk;.[hf;nfl;Lfs; rpwpa MAjq;fspypUe;J cq;fisg; ghJfhf;Fk;. ftrq;fs;rf;jptha;e;j MAjq;fspypUe;J cq;fSf;Fg; ghJfhg;G mspf;Fk;. Mdhy;[hf;nfl;Lk; ,Ugf;f ftrKk; 12 fpNyh (26 uhj;jy;) vil nfhz;lit.,j;NjhL jiyf; ftrj;ijAk; mzpe;J nfhz;lhy; mjpfNeuk;XlKbahJ. ngz;fSf;F ghJfhg;G Milfs; cz;L. ,it mjpftpiyahdit. glg;gpbg;ghsh;fs; jkJ fhy;fis cah;j;jp glk; vLf;fNtz;b ,Ug;gjhy; jq;fs; fuq;fisg; ghJfhf;Fk; tpNrl Milfismzpa Ntz;Lk;. vy;yh [hf;nfl;LfSk; ePiu cwpQ;Rjyha; ,Uf;fNtz;Lk;. ,tw;wpd; tpiy mjpfk;. cq;fs; epWtdk; jq;fSf;Ffl;Lg;gbahfhJ vd;W $wyhk;. mr; re;jh;g;gq;fspy; vt;thWfl;lzj;ijg; gfpuyhk; my;yJ Clfr; rhh;G epWtdq;fsplk; cjtpNfhuyhk; vd;gJ gw;wp mth;fSld; fijAq;fs;.

ghJfhg;G Milfis mzptjh ,y;iyah vd;gJ ngUk;tpthjj;jpw;Fhpanjhd;W. ghJfhg;G Milfs; Clftpayhshpd;Ntfj;ijf; jzpf;fpwJ. Mdhy; ghJfhg;G Milfis mzptjh,y;iyah vd;w njhpT vy;yh ClftpayhsUf;Fk; fpilg;gjpy;iy.Fwpg;ghf cs;ehl;L ClftpayhsUf;F ,e;j tug;gpurhjk; ,y;iy.Clftpayhsuhy; mzpag;glhj ftr Mil thfdj;jpy; tplg;gl;lhy;thfdj;jpw;Fs; ,Ug;gth;fs; jq;fs; ghJfhg;gpw;fhf mtw;iw mzpayhk;.

1414141414


Clftpayhsh;fspd; ghJfhg;ig cWjp nra;af; Nfhhp 1999 Mk;Mz;L [{iy khjk; nfhOk;gpy; itj;J Clftpayhsh;fspdhy;

Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l Mh;g;ghl;lj;jpd; NghJ Kf%b mzpe;J fye;Jnfhz;l ClftpayhsnuhUth;.

glg;gpbg;G : [dg;gphpa rkujpthfuglg;gpbg;G : [dg;gphpa rkujpthfuglg;gpbg;G : [dg;gphpa rkujpthfuglg;gpbg;G : [dg;gphpa rkujpthfuglg;gpbg;G : [dg;gphpa rkujpthfu

1515151515


nghJthd ghJfhg;Gg; gw;wpa mwpTWj;jy;fs;

vy;yh Neuq;fspYk; ifahsg;gl Ntz;ba jdpegh; ghJfhg;Gvy;yh Neuq;fspYk; ifahsg;gl Ntz;ba jdpegh; ghJfhg;Gvy;yh Neuq;fspYk; ifahsg;gl Ntz;ba jdpegh; ghJfhg;Gvy;yh Neuq;fspYk; ifahsg;gl Ntz;ba jdpegh; ghJfhg;Gvy;yh Neuq;fspYk; ifahsg;gl Ntz;ba jdpegh; ghJfhg;Gtopfhl;btopfhl;btopfhl;btopfhl;btopfhl;b

ve;NeuKk; mtjhdj;JldpUe;J> jpBh; vd Njhd;wf; $bavt;tpj mghafukhd #o;epiyf;Fk; jahuhftpUj;jy;.

njhlh;r;rpahd fhhpaf; fpukj;jpid jtph;f;f thfdq;fisAk;>nry;Yk; topfisAk; khw;wpf; nfhz;Nl ,Uq;fs;.

ghJfhg;G topfisAk; kw;Wk; topfhl;bfisAk; iff; nfhs;tjpy;Neh;j;jpahfTk;> fz;zpaj;JlDk; ele;J nfhs;sTk;.

cq;fisr; Rw;wp ,Ug;gth;fSf;F cq;fs; eltbf;iffisf; Fwpj;Jnjhpag;gLj;Jq;fs;. ePq;fs; vq;F ,Ug;gPh;fs; vd;Wk;> vd;d nra;acj;Njrpj;jpUf;fpwPh;fs; vd;gjidAk; mth;fSf;F njhpag;gLj;-Jq;fs;. Jg;ghpTfis Fiwe;jgl;rk; ,d;Dk; xUtUlNkDk;elhj;Jq;fs;.

eilKiwfisg; gpd;gw;Wq;fs; - Mdhy; Njit Vw;gbd;fhhpaq;fis Kjd;ik Vw;Wr; nra;a mQ;r Ntz;lhk;.

jdpegh; elj;ijjdpegh; elj;ijjdpegh; elj;ijjdpegh; elj;ijjdpegh; elj;ij

ey;y cly; kw;Wk; cs MNuhf;fpa epyikiag; NgZq;fs;(NghjpasT Xa;Tk;> clw;gapw;rpAk; vLq;fs;).

Neh;j;jpahf Mil mzpe;J nghJkf;fSld; [hf;fpuijAld;ele;J nfhs;sTk;.

Kbe;jsT xU FOTld; ntspapy; nry;Yq;fs; my;yJ rdf;$l;lk; ,Uf;Fk; ,lj;jpw;Fr; nry;Yq;fs;. kw;wth;fs; cq;fiskjpf;Fk; tz;zk; ele;J nfhs;Sq;fs;.

kw;wth;fSf;F cq;fs; kPJ re;Njfk; Vw;gLk; tifapyhdMilfis mzpahjPh;fs;> cjhuzkhf ,uhZt Mil>Jg;ghf;fpiaNah my;yJ vJtpj MAjj;ijNah cq;fSld;nfhz;L nry;yhjPh;fs;.

ePq;fs; re;jpf;Fk; egh;fNshL my;yJ cjtp nra;Ak; egh;fNshLmsNthL cwthLq;fs;. xU neUf;fb Vw;gLk; NghJ cq;fs;czh;Tfisf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

1616161616


cq;fshy; ,ayhj fhhpaj;ij my;yJ cjtpia xU NghJk;nra;tPh;fs; vd;W rj;jpak; nra;ahjPh;fs;.

vtUk; cq;fSld; gifikAld; ele;J nfhz;lhy; mikjpahf,Uq;fs;> Neuj;ijf; flf;f Kaw;rpAq;fs;> cah; mjpfhhpfSld;fijf;FkhW $Wq;fs;> NtnwhU ,lj;jpid cj;NjrpAq;fs;. me;egiu njhlh;e;J Nehf;Fq;fs;. Mdhy; mth; fz;fisNehf;fhjPh;fs;. ePq;fs; me;egUf;F vd;d elf;fpwJ vd;gjidmwpe;jpUf;fpwPh;fs; vd;gjid czh;j;Jq;fs;.

vtNuDk; cq;fisf; nfhiy nra;tjhf mr;RWj;jpdhy;> mjidchpa mjpfhhpfsplk; mwptpAq;fs;. jtwhd jfty;fs; VJk;nfhLf;fhjPh;fs;. jtph;g;G Kiwfisf; ifahSq;fs;. (,lk;khWq;fs;> nry;Yk; topia khw;Wq;fs;) vq;fpUe;J> ahhplkpUe;Jmr;RWj;jy; te;jJ vd;gjid mwpAq;fs;. me;eghpd; cly;> csepiyikfisAk; vz;zq;fisAk; fzpg;gpLq;fs;. KbAkhdhy;Xh ; nghJ ,lj ;j py ; > nghyp] ; e piyaj ;j py ; mtiuvjph;nfhs;Sq;fs;. my;yJ mtiur; re;jpg;gij jtph;j;Jf;nfhs;Sq;fs;.

Fz;Lj; jhf;Fjy; mr;RWj;jy; fhzg;gLk; NghJ vLf;f Ntz;baFz;Lj; jhf;Fjy; mr;RWj;jy; fhzg;gLk; NghJ vLf;f Ntz;baFz;Lj; jhf;Fjy; mr;RWj;jy; fhzg;gLk; NghJ vLf;f Ntz;baFz;Lj; jhf;Fjy; mr;RWj;jy; fhzg;gLk; NghJ vLf;f Ntz;baFz;Lj; jhf;Fjy; mr;RWj;jy; fhzg;gLk; NghJ vLf;f Ntz;baeltbf;iffs;eltbf;iffs;eltbf;iffs;eltbf;iffs;eltbf;iffs;

(m) ,de;njhpahj egnuhUth;> Fz;L xd;W itf;fg;gl;Ls;sjhfnjhiyNgrp %yk; mwptpj;jhy; Kaw;rp nra;J gpd;tUk;Nfs;tpfisf; NfSq;fs;.

Fz;L vg;NghJ ntbf;Fk;?

mJ vq;Nf itf;fg;gl;lJ?

mJ vg;NghJ itf;fg;gl;lJ?

mjd; Njhw;wk; vt;thW ,Uf;Fk;?

mJ vt;tifahd ntb Fz;L?

mJ vt;thW ntbf;Fk;?

ePq;fs;mjid itj;jPh;fsh?

ePq;fs; Vd; mijr; nra;jPh;fs;?

cq;fSila ngah; vd;d?

ahh; ePq;fs;?

ehk; cq;fSld; vt;thW njhlh;G nfhs;tJ?

1717171717


(M) njhiyNgrp miog;ig Vw;gLj;Jgtiuf; Fwpj;J my;yJ mth;vq;fpUe;J miog;ig Vw;gLj;Jfpwhh; vd;gjidf; Fwpj;Jf; nfhs;sKaw;rpAq;fs;.

Fuy; (jd;ik> cr;rhpg;G> mOj;jk;> Ntfk; kw;Wk; NgRk; Kiw)

nkhop (njspT> gFj;jwpT> nra;jpia Ghpe;J nfhs;Sk; Kiw>gjpT nra;jy;).

gpd;dzp (tPjp ,iur;ry;> ,ir> nehbr; rj;jk;)

ePq;fs; Fuypid milahsk; fz;L nfhz;Bh;fsh?

miog;gpd; NeuKk; mjd; fhyKk;

re;Njfj;Jf;Fhpa xU nghUis ePq;fs; fhZk; NghJ nra;are;Njfj;Jf;Fhpa xU nghUis ePq;fs; fhZk; NghJ nra;are;Njfj;Jf;Fhpa xU nghUis ePq;fs; fhZk; NghJ nra;are;Njfj;Jf;Fhpa xU nghUis ePq;fs; fhZk; NghJ nra;are;Njfj;Jf;Fhpa xU nghUis ePq;fs; fhZk; NghJ nra;aNtz;baJ vd;d?Ntz;baJ vd;d?Ntz;baJ vd;d?Ntz;baJ vd;d?Ntz;baJ vd;d?

mjid xU NghJk; njhl Ntz;lhk;> mJ ntbf;fg; NghtjhfNthmy;yJ ,aq;fhky; ,Ug;gJ Nghy ,Ue;jhYk; mjid njhlNtz;lhk;.

mjpy; nehbr; rj;jk; my;yJ Gif te;jhy;> mt;tplj;ij cldbahffhyp nra;Aq;fs;.

mg;nghUisr; Rw;wp Fiwe;jJ 100 mb ghJfhg;G tyaj;jpidcUthf;Fq;fs;.

njhiyNgrpiaNah> my;yJ vJtpj miythpir nfhz;l

cgfuzj;jpidNah mjd; mUfpy; ghtpf;fhjPh;fs;.

nghjp Fz;Lfis mwpe;J nfhs;Sk; Kiwnghjp Fz;Lfis mwpe;J nfhs;Sk; Kiwnghjp Fz;Lfis mwpe;J nfhs;Sk; Kiwnghjp Fz;Lfis mwpe;J nfhs;Sk; Kiwnghjp Fz;Lfis mwpe;J nfhs;Sk; Kiw

rk;ge;jkpy;yhj vil> msT kw;Wk; gug;igf; nfhz;bUj;jy;.

nghJthf xU cWjpahd nghjp my;yJ jghy; ciw

ghhpa nghjpia fl;Ltjw;Fg; gad;gLj;jpa ghhpasT nghUl;fs;

ftdj;ij jpir jpUg;Gtjw;fhd Fwpg;Gf ;fs; (rpj ;jpuk; >nghpastpyhd gy Kj;jpiufs;)

ghhpa vz;zpf;ifapyhd Kj;jpiufs;"mtruk;"> "me;juq;fkhdJ"my;yJ "if %yk;" vd Fwpf;fg;gl;l nghjpfs;.

cq;fs; jghy; te;jilAk; ,lj;jpw;F> ,f; Fwpg;Gf;fspd; gpujpxd;wpidf; nfhLf;fTk;.

eil gazk;eil gazk;eil gazk;eil gazk;eil gazk;

,utpy; Ntfj;ij tpl> epjhdk; kpfTk; Kf;fpakhdJ. fhyepiyf;FVw;w tpjj;jpy; cq;fs; Mil mika Ntz;Lk;.

1818181818


Nlg; nuf;fhh;lh;fspy;> fkuhf;fspy;> NubNahf;fspy; ,Uf;Fk; rpWFkpopfis mizj;J my;yJ kiwj;J tpLq;fs;.

xspj ;Jf; nfhs;Sk; ,lq;fSf;Nfw;g Neu ml;ltizmikf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. ,Ul;lhd ,lj;jpy; ,Uq;fs;> ,lj;ijkhw;Wtjw;F mQ;r Ntz;lhk;> mbf;fb epd;W> mtjhdpAq;fs;.

FOTld; ,Uf;Fk; NghJ> re;jpf;Fk; ,lq;fis Kd; $l;bNajPh;khdpAq;fs;.

ntspr;rk; my;yJ xsp Vw;gl;lhy;> epyj;jpy; Fg;Gu gLj;J ntspr;rk;mfd;wTld; vOq;fs;. cq;fsplk; ,Uf;Fk; xspfis (fUtpfis)ftdkhfg; ghtpAq;fs;.

Xh; Aj;jg; gpuNjrj;ijf; flf;Fk; NghJXh; Aj;jg; gpuNjrj;ijf; flf;Fk; NghJXh; Aj;jg; gpuNjrj;ijf; flf;Fk; NghJXh; Aj;jg; gpuNjrj;ijf; flf;Fk; NghJXh; Aj;jg; gpuNjrj;ijf; flf;Fk; NghJ

jtph;f;f Kbahj re;jh;g;gq;fspy; jtpu Aj;j gpuNjrq;fisf;flg;gjw;F Kaw;rpf;f Ntz;lhk;. flg;gjw;F Kd;dk; jpl;lml;ltizia ftdkhfg; gbAq;fs; (Kbe;jhy; ghlkhf;Fq;fs;)cq;fs; thfdj;ij ghpNrhjpAq;fs;>

KbAkhdhy; Fz;L Jisf;fhj Xh; ghJfhg;G Milia mzpe;Jnfhs;Sq;fs;. mg;gpuNjrj;ijf; $ba tpiutpy; flTq;fs;.

ePq;fs; Clfj;ij Nrh;e;jth; vd;gjw;fhd milahsj;ij vLj;Jr;nry;Yq;fs;. c-k; thfdj;jpy; 'Clfk;' vd;w rpd;dj;ijj; jhq;fpgazpAq;fs;.

Nrhjidr; rhtbiaf; flf;Fk; NghJNrhjidr; rhtbiaf; flf;Fk; NghJNrhjidr; rhtbiaf; flf;Fk; NghJNrhjidr; rhtbiaf; flf;Fk; NghJNrhjidr; rhtbiaf; flf;Fk; NghJ

Nrhjid nra;gth;fis mtjhdpAq;fs;. mth;fs; vt;thwhdMAjq;fis itj;jpUf;fpwhh;fs;> mth;fs; mtw;iw ifapyhmy;yJ Njhspyh Rkf;fpwhh ;fs;> vt;tsT ,isath;fs;(gapw;Wtpf;fg;gl;lth;fsh my;yJ mDgtkw;wth;fsh?) Milfs;(rhjhuz my;yJ ,uhZt)> mth;fs; elj;ij> Nfhgk; my;yJgjw;wk; vd;gtw;wpw;Nfw;g cq;fis jahh;g;gLj;jpf; nfhs;Sq;fs;.

ghhpa mghak; Vw;gLk; NghJ jpUk;gpr; nry;Yq;fs;. ,jidftdj;ij <h;f;fhky; Jg;ghf;fpr; #l;bw;F mfg;glhky; nra;Aq;fs;.xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l thfdq;fs; ,Ue;jhy;> xd;wpd; gpd; xd;whfr;nry;Yq;fs;.

Nrhjidapd; NghJ jpBh; vd;W mirahjPh;fs;. iffis vg;NghJk;njhpAk; gb itAq;fs;. mikjpahfTk;> el;GlDk; ele;Jnfhs;Sq;fs;.

1919191919


gae;J> mlq;fp my;yJ %h;f;fj;jdkhf ele;J nfhs;shjPh;fs;.

gy;NtW mDkjpg; gj;jpuq;fis itj;jpUe;jhy; jtwhdijf; fhl;btplhjPh;fs;.

cq;fs; nkhopia mwpe;jth; ahNuDk; ,Uf;fyhk; vd;gjid kwe;JtplhjPh;fs;> vdNt vd;d NgRfpwPh;fs; vd;gjidf; Fwpj;Jftdkha; ,Uq;fs;.

mtrpakpd;Nwy;> cq;fs; thfdj;ij tpl;L ntspapy; tuhjPh;fs;.cq;fs; thfdj;jpd; vd;[pid epWj;jhjPh;fs;.

cq;fs; nghUl;fis mth;fs; vLj;Jf; nfhz;lhy;> cq;fs;tpUg;gkpd;ikia njhpag;gLj;Jq;fs;> Mdhy; msTf;F mjpfkhfnra;ahjPh;fs;.

Ngrpg;ghUq;fs;> FOj; jiytDld; fijAq;fs;.

rpy Fwpg;Gf;fs;rpy Fwpg;Gf;fs;rpy Fwpg;Gf;fs;rpy Fwpg;Gf;fs;rpy Fwpg;Gf;fs;

ePq;fs; epw;Fk; tpjj;jpy; cq;fis Xh; Nghuhsp vd;W fzpg;gplhjtz;zk; vr;rhpf;ifaha; ,Uq;fs;.

fl;blnkhd;wpd; eLtpy; kiwe;Jnfhs;Sq;fs;. ntspNaWtjw;fhfgy thry;fs; cs;sdth> vd;W ghpNrhjpAq;fs;. KbAkhdhy; vy;yhthry;fspYk; jilankhd;wpid itAq;fs;.

ePq;fs; tPnlhd;wpDs; gpuNtrpf;Fk; NghJ> fjtpy; my;yJad;dy;fspy; epoy; tpohj tz;zk; jtph;j;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;.

fl;blj;jpDs; EioAk; NghJ> thriy jhz;b cl;nry;Yq;fs;. (,JnghJthf kdpjg; nghjpfs; itf;fg;gLk; ,lk;). cs;Ns vjidAk;cldbahfj; njhlhjPh ;fs;. kj;jpa miw xd;wpy; kiwe;Jnfhs;Sq;fs;> Xl;liwapy; md;wp kj;jpa miwapy; ghJfhg;ig

ngwTk;.

kiwe;jpUe;J jhf;Fjy; elj;jg;gl;lhy;kiwe;jpUe;J jhf;Fjy; elj;jg;gl;lhy;kiwe;jpUe;J jhf;Fjy; elj;jg;gl;lhy;kiwe;jpUe;J jhf;Fjy; elj;jg;gl;lhy;kiwe;jpUe;J jhf;Fjy; elj;jg;gl;lhy;

tPjp %lg;glhky; ,Ue;jhy; : mgha tyaj;jpypUe;J mjpNtfkhfntspNaWq;fs;

rukhhpj; Jg;ghf;fpj; jhf;Fjypdhy; tPjp milf;fg;gl;lhy; thfdj;ijtpl;L ftdkhf ntspNaWq;fs;

thfdj;jpd; mUfpy; ,Uq;fs; (ftdkha; ,Uq;fs; : vd;[pd; gpuNjrk;khj;jpuNk Jg;ghf;fpf; #l;bypUe;J cq;fisg; ghJfhf;f ty;yJ).

2020202020


tPjpNahuq;fspy; kpjpntbfspd; mghak; Fwpj;J vr;rhpf;ifaha;,Uq;fs;.

rukhhpj; Jg;ghf;fpg; gpuNahfk; fhuzkhf ghij jilg;gl;bUg;gpd;>cq;fs; thfdj;ij Jg;ghf;fpg; gpuNahfk; ,lk;ngwhj vjph; gf;fj;jpy;epWj;Jq;fs;.

Jg;ghf;fpg; gpuNahfk; kpjpntb njhlh;ghf vr;rhpf;ifahf ,Ue;J,aYkhd tiu ghJfhg;ig ehLq;fs;. jhf;Fjypy; <LgLNthh;thfdq;fis Nrhjid nra;tjw;Nfh my;yJ nfhs;isapLtjw;Nfhfhakile;jth;fis nfhiy nra;tjw;Nfh mz;kpj;j tz;zk;,Uf;fyhk;.

ghij gpd;Gwj;jpy; jil nra;ag;gl;bUg;gpd; kiwe;jpUe;Jjhf;FjYf;F ,yf;fhfp ,Ug;gpd; thfdk; cq;fSilajy;yhtpbd;mjid gpd;dhy; vLq;fs; my;yJ jpUg;gpf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. jg;gpNahlKaYk; Vida thfdq;fSf;F jil nra;ahky; ,Uf;fvr;rhpf;ifaha; ,Uq;fs;.

ePq;fs; gzaf; ifjpahf;fg;gl;lhy;ePq;fs; gzaf; ifjpahf;fg;gl;lhy;ePq;fs; gzaf; ifjpahf;fg;gl;lhy;ePq;fs; gzaf; ifjpahf;fg;gl;lhy;ePq;fs; gzaf; ifjpahf;fg;gl;lhy;

gzaf; ifjpapd; fz;Nzhl;lk; mtiuf; ifJ nra;jth;fspd; jd;ik>#o;epiyf;Nfw;w tpjj;jpNyNa jq;fpAs;sJ. ,Ue;j NghJk;> fPo;tUk;Fwpg;Gf;fs; nghJthf gzaf; ifjp xUthpd; elj;ijiaj; jPh;khdpf;Fk;.

vjph;g;Gj; njhptpg;gJk; jg;gpr; nry;tJk; gad; mspf;Fk; vd;WfUjpdhy; khj;jpuk; mt;thW nra;aTk;.

gjw;wg;glhjPh;fs;> mikjpahftpUq;fs;> cq;fisf; ifJ nra;jth;fs;Vw;fdNt Xh; gjw;w epiyapy; ,Uf;ff; $Lk;.

,yFthd gaDs;s tplaq;fis khj;jpuk; Qhgfj;jpy; itj;Jf;nfhs;Sq;fs;. ,J gpd;dh; cjTk; : Fuy;fs;> eWkzk;> Jh;ehw;wk;rj;jq;fs;> Neuk; kw;Wk; ghtpf;fg;gl;l gpuahd Kiw.

cq;fis ifJnra;jth;fspd; elj;ijia mtjhdpAq;fs;. ePq;fs;jg;gpf;ff; $ba toptiffisj; NjLq;fs;> mth;fis milahsk;fz;L nfhs;s Kaw;rp nra;Aq;fs;.

cq;fs; ehshe;j eltbf;iffis kdjpy; jpl;lkpLq;fs;.

cq;fis ifJ nra;jth;fspd; fl;lisfSf;F fl;Lg;gLq;fs;>Mdhy; mth;fspd; Nehf;fq;fSf;F cjthjPh;fs;.

2121212121


mth;fs; cq;fs; ngaiug; ghtpg;gjw;F Cf;FtpAq;fs;. ,Jgjw;wj;ijf; Fiwf;f cjTk;.

nfhiy mr;RWj;jy;fs; my;yJ tpLtpg;G ek;gpf;iffs; Mfpatw;iwek;ghjPh;fs;.

ahUldhtJ fijf;f KaYq;fs;. ,J cq;fs; kdij NtW jpirapy;itj;jpUg;gjw;F cjTk;.

cq;fis ifJnra;jth;fSld; Njitapd;wp NkhjhjPh ;fs;.mth;fNshL cwthLq;fs;. Nfhgj;JlNdh my;yJ Nfhgk;Vw;gLj;Jk; tpjj;jpNyh ele;J nfhs;shjPh;fs;.

jait vjph;ghh;g;gJ Nghy; ele;J nfhs;shjPh;fs;.

Ngr;Rthh;j ;ijfs; (tpLtpg;G) ,Ogwpahff; fhzg;gl;lhy;kde;jsuhjPh;fs;. ghjpg;gpd;wp ntspNaWtjw;fhd tha;g;Gf;fs;mjpfhpj;Jf; nfhz;Nl ,Uf;Fk;.

Nfl;fg;gl;lhy;> cq;fs; Fuiy xypg;gjpT nra;tjw;Nfh my;yJcq;fis milahsg;gLj;Jfpd;w nra;jp xd;wpid vOJtjw;NfhKd; thUq;fs;.

tpLtpf;fg;gLtjw;F Kd;ida ehs; gjw;wg;glhky;> cq;fisf; ifJnra;jth;fspd; cj;juTfSf;Ff; fl;Lg;gLq;fs;.

tpLtpg;gpd; gpd;dh; ePq;fs; Xh; itj;jpa ghpNrhjidf;Fcl;gLj;jg;gLtPh;fs;. ,J jtph;f;f KbahjJ. ahhplkhtJ cq;fs;czh;Tfis gfph;e;J nfhs;Sq;fs;. cq;fs; mDgtq;fisf; fUj;Jj;njhptpf;f cq;fSf;F khj;jpuk; fl;Lg;gLj;j Ntz;lhk;.

nra ;j p Clfj ;jplk ; fijf ;Fk ; Kd;dh ; > nfhLf ;fg ;gLk;mwpTiufisg; gpd;gw;Wq;fs;.

Kd;ida flj;jy;fhuh;fspd; kPs; eltbf;iffspypUe;J jg;gpj;Jf;nfhs;s ghJfhg;G eltbf;iffis Nkw; nfhs;Sq;fs;.

2222222222


mghafukhd gpuNjrq;fspy; my;yJAj;j #o;epiyfspy; Ntiy nra;Ak;Clftpayhsh;fSf;fhd

ghJfhg;G njhlh;ghd cld;ghl;L thrfk;

h ;tNjrr; rl;lq;fs; Aj;j gpuNjrq;fspy; Ntiy nra;Ak;Clftpayhsh;fspd; ghJfhg;G rk;ge;jkhf mKy;gLj;jg;gl;l

NghJk;> ,d;W Aj;jk; nra;Ak; FOf;fs; ,tw;wpw;F kjpg;gspf;fhjjpdhy;mth;fspd; ghJfhg;gpw;F vJtpj cj;jputhjKkpy;iy. nra;jp | jfty;jpul;Lgth;fs; jkf;F KOg;ghJfhg;Gk; fpilf;Fk; vd ek;gKbahJ.vdNt Clftpayhsh;fs; vjph;Nehf;Fk; (KO Neu my;yJ Rje;jpuClftpayhsh;fs;) mghaq;fisf; fUj;jpy; nfhz;L mth;fisNtiyf;fkh;j;Jgth;fs; mth;fSf;F ghJfhg;Gk;> e\;l <Lk;>cj;juthjKk; mspf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,jw;F ntWkNd ,uhZtj;jpdiuAk;>mur mjpfhhpfisAk; kl;Lk; ek;gp ,Uf;ff; $lhJ. Clf eph;thfpfs;mghaj;ijf; Fiwg;gjw;fhd rfy eltbf;iffisAk; vLf;f Ntz;Lk;.gpd;tUk; vl;L nfhs;iffSk; ,jDs; mlq;Fk;.

mbg;gilf; nfhs;if 1 - mh;g;gzpg;GClftpayhsh;fSk;> Clfk; kw;Wk; nghJ mjpfhurigfis xj;j

#o;epiyfspy; kw;Wk; mghafukhd #o;epiyfspy; mghaj;jpidf;Fiwg;gjw;fha; ngwg;gl;l jfty;fis ghpkhwpf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.Clftpayhsh;fs;> Rje;jpu Clftpayhsh;fs;> cs;@h; Copah;fs; kw;Wk;xj;Jiog;G toq;Fgth;fSf;F NghjpasT jahh;gLj;jy;> jfty;> fhg;GWjpkw;Wk; fUtpfs; toq;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

mbg;gilf; nfhs;if 2 - RatpUg;gj;Jld; ele;J nfhs;sy;Clftpayhsh;fs; mh;g;gzpg;GlDk;> mghaq;fis mwpe;Jk; jk;

tpUg;gj;JlNdNa Aj;jg; gpuNjrj;jpy; Ntiy nra;fpwhh;fs;. ,tw;wpy;mghak; ,Ug;gjdhy; Clftpayhsh;fs; ,e;j gpuNjrq;fSf;Fr; nry;ykWg;G njhptpf;Fk; NghJ mjid Vw;Wf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.ntspj;jsj;jpy; Ntiy nra;J nfhz;bUf;Fk; NghJ> Clftpayhsh;fs;Ntiyia ,il epWj;jpf; nfhs;s tpUk;gpdhy;> mjid ,U rhuhUk;(nra;jpahsUk;> Mrphpah;fSk;) Xh; Kbtpw;F te;jjd; gpd;dh; mt;thW

rrrrr

2323232323


nra;ayhk ; . gj ;jph pif Mrphpah ;fs; Clftpayhsh ;fs; kPJmsTf;fjpfkhd mOj;jj;ij Vw;gLj;jhj tz;zk; ftdkhftpUj;jy;Ntz;Lk;.

mbg;gilf; nfhs;if 3 - mDgtk;Aj;j #o;epiyfspy;> my;yJ mghafu #o;epiyfspy;> mghak;

mjpfkhff; fhzg;gLtjpdhy;> gj;jphpif Mrphpah;fs; ,g;gzpfSf;FmDgtkpf;f> jpwikkpf;f Clftpayhsh;fisNa mDg;g Ntz;Lk;.Kjy; jlitahf Aj;j #o;epiyfspy; Ntiy nra;ag; NghFk;Clftpayhsh;fSld;> mDgtkpf;f> jpwikkpf;f Clftpayhsh;fismDg;g Ntz;Lk;. Kjy; jlitahf Aj;j #o;epiyfspy; Ntiy nra;ag;NghFk; Clftpayhsh;fSld;> mDgtk; kpf;f Clftpayhsh;fSk;nry;y Ntz;Lk;. ntspf;fsj;jpy; FO nraw;ghLfs; Cf;Ftpf;fg;glNtz;Lk;. Clftpayhsh;fs; fsj;jpypUe;J jpUk;Gk; NghJ gj;jphpifMrphpah;fs; mth;fSf;F mDgtj;ija+l;Lk; tpjj;jpy; xOq;FKiwg;gbkPs mwptpj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

mbg;gilf; nfhs;if 4 - jahh;gLj;jy;njhlh;r;rpahd jahh;gLj;jy; Aj;j #o;epiyfspy; Clftpayhsh;fspd;

mghaj;jpidf; Fiwg;gjw;F cjTk; Mrphpah;fs; Njrpa my;yJ rh;tNjrgapw;Wtpg;Gf;fs; ,lk;ngWk; NghJ mtw;iwf; Fwpj;J jkJCopah;fSf;F mwptpf;f Ntz;Lk;. Kuz;ghl;Lr; #o;epiyfspy; Ntiynra;Ak; midj;J Clftpayhsh;fSk; Kjw; rpfpr;ir gapw;rpngw;wpUj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. midj;Jk; mwpag;gl;l Clftpayhsh; gs;spf;$lq;fSf;Fk; ,tw;iwg; gpd;gw;w Ntz;Lk;.

mbg;gilf; nfhs;if 5 - ghJfhg;Ggj;jphpif Mrphpah;fs; mghafukhd #o;epiyfspy; thOk;

Clftpayhsh;fSf;F ghJfhg;G fUtpfs; (Fz;L - Jisf;fhj -Milfs;> jiyf;ftrq;fs;> $Lkhdhy; ,ae;jpu thfdq;fs;)> njhlh;ghly;fUtpfs;> ghJfhg;G kw;Wk; Kjy; rpfpr;ir nghUl;fis toq;f Ntz;Lk;.

mbg;gilf; nfhs;if 6 - fhg;GWjpmghafukhd #o;epiyfspy; thOk; Clftpayhsh;fSf;Fk;>

mth;fspd; cjtpahsh;fSf;Fk; RfaPdk;> kPs; mDg;Gjy;> caph; ,og;GNtiyfspy; fhg;GWjp toq;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. mghafukhd gzpfSf;F

2424242424


1998Mk;Mz;Leilngw;w tlNky; khfhzNjh;jypy;thf;Fnfhs;isapy;<LgLk;murhq;ffl;rpapd;Fz;lh;fs;.

glg;gpbg;G:glg;gpbg;G:glg;gpbg;G:glg;gpbg;G:glg;gpbg;G:[dg;gphpa[dg;gphpa[dg;gphpa[dg;gphpa[dg;gphparkujpthfurkujpthfurkujpthfurkujpthfurkujpthfu

mDg;Gtjw;F Kd; chpa mjpfhhpfs; ,jw;fhd Vw;ghLfisr; nra;aNtz;Lk;. mth;fs; rfy cld;gbf;iffSf;Fk;> xg;ge;jq;fSf;Fk;iff;nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

mbg;gilf; nfhs;if 7 - cstpay; guhkhpg;GAj;j my;yJ mghafukhd #o;epiyfspypUe;J jpUk;Gk;

Clftpayhsh;fSf;Fk;> mth;fs; gjtpahsh;fSf;Fk; cstpay;guhkhpg;G toq;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.

mbg;gilf; nfhs;if 8 - rl;lg;g+h;t ghJfhg;Gn[dpth xg;ge;jj;jpd; 79tJ cWg;Giuf;F gq;fk; tpistpf;fhj

tz;zk;> Aj;jj;jpw;F rhh;gpd;wp> my;yJ csthspahf ,y;yhky; ,Ue;jhy;mghafukhd #o;epiyfspy; Ntiy nra;Ak; Clftpayhsh;fs;mt;nthg;ge;jj;jpd; fPo; gpui[fshf Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gLthh;fs;.Clftpayhsiu Fwp itj;J ,lk;ngWk; nfhiy my;yJ ghuJ}ukhdcly; fhag;gLj;jy;> ,t;nthg;ge;jj;jpd; gb Aj;j Fw;wr; nrayhffzpg;gplg;gLk;. '

2525252525


Aj;j tyaq;fSk; Nkhjy; gpuNjrq;fSk;

g;ghf;fp uitfs; gwf;f Muk;gpf;Fk; NghJ Clftpayhsh;fs;jtwhfNth Ntz;Lnkd;Nwh ,yf;fhfyhk; . Kd;dzp

Clftpayhsh;fs; Jg;ghf;fp uitfs;> n\y;fs;> Nkhl;lhh;fs; vd;gtw;why;nfhy;yg;gl;bUf;fpd;whh;fs;. jpBh; jhf;Fjy;fspd; NghJk; Clftpayhsh;gypahfpapUf;fpd;whh;fs;. mNef gilfs; Aj;jj;jpy; <LgLk; NghJ Aj;jk;vq;Nf Muk;gpj;J KbtilfpwJ vd;W nrhy;YtJ fbdk;. ,Ug;gpDk;Mgj;Jf;fs; gw;wp mwpe;J itj;jpUf;Fk; Clftpayhsh; Kd;$l;bNarpe;jpg;gjd; %yk; fhag;gLtjpypUe;Jk; capiu ,og;gjpypUe;Jk;jd;idf; fhg;ghw;wpf; nfhs;syhk;.

Kd;dwpNt Xh; Clftpayhshpd; rpwe;j ghJfhg;G. Nghhpy;<Lgl;bUg;Nghhpd; kNdhepiy gw;wpa mwpT> ghtpf;fg;glf; $baMAjq;fs; gw;wpa mwpT ,it %yk; Clftpayhsh; jdf;F Nehplf;$ba Mgj;Jf;fisj; jtph;f;fyhk;. Clftpayhsh; ve;j eltbf;ifjk;ik Jg;ghf;fpg; gpuNahf ikaj;jpw;Fs; rpf;f itf;Fk;> ve;j eltbf;ifjk;ik Mgj;jhd ,lj;jpypUe;J ghJfhg;ghd ,lj;jpw;F ,l;Lr; nry;Yk;vd;gij vilNghl Ntz;Lk;. jhk; epw;Fk; g+Nfhs vy;iy kw;Wk;,uhZt epiy vd;gJ gw;wpa glk; mtuJ kdjpy; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.Aj;j #o;epiyapy; ,Uf;Fk; kw;wth;fs; Nghy Clftpayhsh; Mff;Fiwe;j Mgj;jhd nray;eltbf;ifiaj; njhpe;J nfhs;syhNk jtpuMgj;Nj ,y;yhj eltbf;if vJTk; mth;fSf;Ff; fpilahJ.

Clftpayhsh; gw;wpa Nghuhspfspd; kdg;ghq;F

Clftpayhsh; ,uhZtg;gilapdh; vd;gth;fspd; Nehf;fk; ,yf;Fvd;git NtW Ntwhdit. vd;d elf;fpwJ vd;gJ gw;wp jfty; jpul;lmZFjiy vjph;ghh;f;fpwhh;fs;. Clftpayhsh; ,uhZtg; gilfs;epiyikia jq;fs; fl;Lg;ghl;bw;Fs; nfhz;L tUtijg; gw;wpAk; ntw;wpngWtijg;; gw;wpAk; Nehf;fha; ,Ug;ghh;fs;. jhq;fs; fhl;ltpUk;Gk;mk;rq;fisNa Clftpayhsh; mwptpf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;Nw mth;fs;tpUk;Gthh;fs;.

Nghh;tPuh;fSk; ,uhZtj;jpdUk; mNdfkhf Clftpayhsiure;Njff; fz;nfhz;L ghh;f;fpd;whh;fs;. Kd;dzpapy; epw;Fk; gilapdUf;Fjhq;fs; glk; gpbf;fg;gLtJ tpUg;gkhf ,Uf;fyhk;. Mdhy; ,uhZtj;jsgjpfs; Clftpayhshpd; gpurd;dj;ij nghpJk; tpUk;Gtjpy;iy.Clftpayhsiu Xh; Njitapy;yhj jiyapbahfTk; ghJfhg;gpw;F

JJJJJ

2626262626


Mgj;J cUthf;Fgth;fs; vd;Nw jsgjpfs; mth;fisg; ghh;f;fpd;whh;fs;.re;jh;g;gj;ij nghWj;J vy;yh ClftpayhsiuAk; my;yJ gyiuvjphpapd; gpurhufh;fshf jsgjpfs; ghh;f;ff; $Lk;. mg;gbg;gl;lre;jh;g;gq;fspy; Clftpayhsh;fs; Rlg;gl Kbahj mth;fspd; vjphpfshffzpf;fg;gLfpd;whh;fs;.

vq;nfy;yhk; KbANkh mr;re;jh;g;gq;fspy; ,uhZtg; gilfs; jkf;Fr;rhjfkhfNt nra;jp mwptpg;G ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W tpUk;Gth;.jsgjpfs; jkJ mYtyfq;fisf; nfhz;L ClftpayhsUf;F jtwhdjfty;fisj; juTk;> gpurhuk; nra;aTk;> cz;ikia kiwf;fTk;nra;fpd;whh;fs;. Nfhgk; nfhz;l jsgjpfs; xj;Jiiof;f kWg;gNjhLClftpayhsiu Rl;Lf; nfhy;yTk; Kd;tuyhk;. ,uhZtq;fs;ClftpayhsUf;F NritAk; ghJfhg;Gk; je;J mjd; %yk; gzk;rk;ghjpf;fTk; Kd;tuyhk;.

%j;j jsgjpfSf;F rhjfkhd mwpf;ifapd; kfpik GhpAk;.nghJkf;fSf;nfjpuhd Fw;wr;nray;fis jk; gilapdh; ,iof;ftpy;iyvd;Dk; NghJ mJ mth;fSf;F ew;ngaiuj; Njbj; jUfpwJ. Mdhy;ngUk;ghYk; Nrhjidr; rhtbfspy; mjpfk; gapw;rp> mDgtk; ,y;yhjmidj;J> tpuf;jp mile;j ,sk; tPuh;fs; epWj;jg;gLfpd;whh;fs;. ,th;fs;Clftpayhsiuf; nfhs;isabf;fTk; nfhy;yTk; $l Kd;tUth;. Aj;j#oYf;Fs; cl;nry;y Kd;dh; Clftpayhsh; ntt;NtW gilapdh;ghh;itapy; epyiikia vilNghl;Lf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. fsj;jpypUf;Fk;gilapdhpd; cw;rhfk;> fl;Lg;ghL> kdg;ghq;F vd;gd gw;wpa mwpTClftpayhsUf;F mtrpak;. Nkhjy;> thf;Fthjk; Vw;gLk; NghJrkhspf;ff; $ba ey;y cwTfs; ifahL jpwd; mth;fSf;F mtrpak;.

,uhZtg; ghJfhg;NghL my;yJ jdpahf gazk; nra;jy;

Aj;j fsj;jpd; Kd;dzpg; gFjpf;F ,uhZtj;jpdh; cq;fis mioj;Jr;nry;yf; $bath;fs;. ,Ug;gpDk; rpy jlq;fy;fs; gw;wp ePq;fs; mwpe;Jitj;Jf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. rpy ehLfspy; ePq;fs; gilapdUld; nrd;why;ePq;fs; nfhy;yg;gLtjw;fhd ,yf;fhf khwyhk;. ,uhZtj;Jld; ePq;fs;nrd;why; mth;fs; nrhy;YtijNa ePq;fs; nra;a Ntz;Lk;. Jg;ghf;fpr;#L ,lk;ngw;why; mth;fs; jkJ capiuAk; jq;fs; gilapdhpd;capiuAk; cq;fs; capiuAk; fhg;ghw;WtjpNyNa Nehf;fhf ,Ug;ghh;fNsxopa cq;fs; glg;gpbg;Gf; fUtpiaNah cq;fs; mwpf;if Mtdq;fspd;ghJfhg;igNah mth;fs; rpe;jpf;f khl;lhh;fs;. Aj;j epiyapy; ,y;yhjrpg;gha;fs; Nghh; tPuh;fSf;F jPh;khdnkLg;Gg; gyk; fpilahJ. vdNtcq;fSld; gazk; nra;gth; Xh; %j;j epiy mYtyfk; vd;gij cWjpnra;J nfhs;Sq;fs;. n`ypnfhg;lh;> tpkhdq;fs; rz;il elf;Fk; ;,lq;fs;

mth;fspnyhUtnud ePq;fs;mth;fspnyhUtnud ePq;fs;mth;fspnyhUtnud ePq;fs;mth;fspnyhUtnud ePq;fs;mth;fspnyhUtnud ePq;fs;fUjg;gl;L ,yf;fhfyhk;fUjg;gl;L ,yf;fhfyhk;fUjg;gl;L ,yf;fhfyhk;fUjg;gl;L ,yf;fhfyhk;fUjg;gl;L ,yf;fhfyhk;

ePq;fs; ,uhZtj;JlNdhmy;yJ Nkhjnyhd;wpd; xUjug;gpdnuhUtUld; gazQ;nra;jhy;> ePq;fs; giltPuh; vdmilahsq; fhzg;gLtjpdhy;my;yJ ePq;fs; vjphpfSld;njhlh;Gilath; vdfUjg;gLtjpdhNyh ePq;fs;,yf;fhff; $ba Mgj;Jf;fs;cs;sd.

2727272727


epyntbfs; kw;Wk; rpW nghwpfs; (epyntbfs; kw;Wk; rpW nghwpfs; (epyntbfs; kw;Wk; rpW nghwpfs; (epyntbfs; kw;Wk; rpW nghwpfs; (epyntbfs; kw;Wk; rpW nghwpfs; (Booby Trats)nghwpfs; rk;ge;jkhd nghJthd jftynghwpfs; rk;ge;jkhd nghJthd jftynghwpfs; rk;ge;jkhd nghJthd jftynghwpfs; rk;ge;jkhd nghJthd jftynghwpfs; rk;ge;jkhd nghJthd jfty; - nghwpfs; ghJfhg;gpd;ikapd;czh;tpid nfhz;L tUtjw;fhfg; ghtpf;fg;gLfpd;wd.

fPo; Fwpg;gplg;gLgtw;iw <h;j;Jf; nfhs;sNth my;yJ ntspapy;fPo; Fwpg;gplg;gLgtw;iw <h;j;Jf; nfhs;sNth my;yJ ntspapy;fPo; Fwpg;gplg;gLgtw;iw <h;j;Jf; nfhs;sNth my;yJ ntspapy;fPo; Fwpg;gplg;gLgtw;iw <h;j;Jf; nfhs;sNth my;yJ ntspapy;fPo; Fwpg;gplg;gLgtw;iw <h;j;Jf; nfhs;sNth my;yJ ntspapy;vLj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;fhfNth rpW nghwpfs; jahhpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJvLj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;fhfNth rpW nghwpfs; jahhpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJvLj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;fhfNth rpW nghwpfs; jahhpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJvLj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;fhfNth rpW nghwpfs; jahhpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJvLj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;fhfNth rpW nghwpfs; jahhpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

cs;Szh;Tfs; (Nguhir> Mir> tho;jy;)

Njitfs; (czT ngw;Wf; nfhs;s> cil mzpa> FsphpypUe;Jjk;ik ghJfhj;Jf; nfhs;s> rg;ghj;J mzpa> fjtpid my;yJad;diy Jwf;f Mfpa) czh;Tfis J}z;l> my;yJ Mth;j;ijJ}z;l my;yJ ntspf; nfhzu ghtpff;g;gLfpd;wd.

Jyq;fis cUthf;f ( kpd; Fkpop vhpfpd;wjh vd ghh;g;gjw;F mjidgw;witj;jy;> Xh; nghUis cija> Xh; fhiu ,af;Fjy; Nghd;wit)

kpjp ntb tifiar; rhh;e;j xU rpW nghwp ntw;wpfukhf ntbf;fkpjp ntb tifiar; rhh;e;j xU rpW nghwp ntw;wpfukhf ntbf;fkpjp ntb tifiar; rhh;e;j xU rpW nghwp ntw;wpfukhf ntbf;fkpjp ntb tifiar; rhh;e;j xU rpW nghwp ntw;wpfukhf ntbf;fkpjp ntb tifiar; rhh;e;j xU rpW nghwp ntw;wpfukhf ntbf;fNtz;Lkhapd; mjDila Njhw;wj;jpy; xU khw;wk; Vw;gl Ntz;Lk;Ntz;Lkhapd; mjDila Njhw;wj;jpy; xU khw;wk; Vw;gl Ntz;Lk;Ntz;Lkhapd; mjDila Njhw;wj;jpy; xU khw;wk; Vw;gl Ntz;Lk;Ntz;Lkhapd; mjDila Njhw;wj;jpy; xU khw;wk; Vw;gl Ntz;Lk;Ntz;Lkhapd; mjDila Njhw;wj;jpy; xU khw;wk; Vw;gl Ntz;Lk;

mjd; %yk; ,U tifahd tpisTfs; Vw;gLk;. Nghypj;jdkhdmr;RWj;jYk; mjd; gpd;dh; ntw;wpfukhd Njhw;wKk;.

nghwpfs; ghtpf;fg;gLk; ,lq;fs;nghwpfs; ghtpf;fg;gLk; ,lq;fs;nghwpfs; ghtpf;fg;gLk; ,lq;fs;nghwpfs; ghtpf;fg;gLk; ,lq;fs;nghwpfs; ghtpf;fg;gLk; ,lq;fs;

trpg;gplq;fspy; : trpg;gplq;fspy; : trpg;gplq;fspy; : trpg;gplq;fspy; : trpg;gplq;fspy; : fjTfs;> ad;dy;fs;> jiu> jsghlk;> njhiy Ngrpfs;>njhiy fhl;rpfs;> kpd;rhu cgfuzq;fs;> Gj;jfq;fs;> myhu fbfhuq;fs;>fl;by;fs;> Jzp kzpg; ngl;bfs;. rkayiwfspy; : Nfj;jpy;fs;> rhg;ghl;Lf;fpz;zq;fs;> Nghj;jy;fs; Mfpad.

ntsp ,lq;fspy; : ntsp ,lq;fspy; : ntsp ,lq;fspy; : ntsp ,lq;fspy; : ntsp ,lq;fspy; : rhg;ghl;Lf; filfspy;> ghyq;fspy;> ,aw;ifkiwtplq;fspy;> thfdq;fspy;> iftplg;gl;l MAjq;fshy;> iff; Fz;Lkw;Wk; NtW ntb Fz;Lfs;> Mfpad.

rpy Fwpg;Gf;fs;.rpy Fwpg;Gf;fs;.rpy Fwpg;Gf;fs;.rpy Fwpg;Gf;fs;.rpy Fwpg;Gf;fs;.

ePq;fs; Xh; tah; epyntbAld; nghUj;jg;-gl;bUg;gijf; fz;lTld;chpa mjpfhhpfSf;F mjidf; Fwpj;J njhptpAq;fs;.

epyntbfs; jdpj;jpUg;gJ mhpJ vd;gjid czh;e;J nfhs;Sq;fs;.mit miu lrpd;fshf my;yJ gy lrpd;fshf my;yJ thpirahf(mNefkhf epyj;jpy; Fr;rpfs; ehl;lg;gl;L) Gijf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;.

2828282828


topia tpl;L xU NghJk; tpyfpr; nry;yhjPh;fs;. kyryk;fopg;gjw;NfDk; nry;yhjPh;fs;.

ntbf;fhky; fhzg;gLk; Fz;bidNah my;yJ uhf;fl;bidNahxU NghJk; njhlhjPh;fs;.

Qhgfg; nghUl;fshf epyntbfis thq;fhjPh;fs;. gpwiuAk;mtw;iw nraypof;fr; nra;J Qhgfg; nghUl;fisf; nfhz;L nry;yCf;Ftpf;fhjPh;fs;.

Aj;jg; gpuNjrj;jpypUe;J> Clftpayhsh;fs; jfty; mwptpf;Fk; NghJ>epyntbfspy; my;yJ kdpjg; nghwpfspd; mghaj;Jf;F Kfq;nfhLf;fNeuyhk;. epyntbfs; fPo; Fwpg;gpl;l tz;zk; my;yJ chpa gapw;rpngwhj Nghuhspfshy; Cfpf;f Kbahj tpjj;jpy; Gijf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;.Xh; ntb Fz;L; gpd;tUk; fhuzq;fspdhy; nraw;gl KbAk;. Xh; jLf;fy;tahpdhy;> mKf;fk; (my;yJ mKf;fj;ij ,of;fr; nra;jy;)> fbfhuntbFz;L ("smart") ntbFz;Lfs; rpy egh;fs; my;yJ thfdq;fs;fle;j gpd;dNu ntbf;Fk;).

xUth; epyntbia fz;lTld;> jkJ ghj mbfis kpff; ftdkhfitf;f Ntz;Lk;.

epyf;fz;zp ntbnahd;wpd; rhjhuz Njhw;wk;epyf;fz;zp ntbnahd;wpd; rhjhuz Njhw;wk;epyf;fz;zp ntbnahd;wpd; rhjhuz Njhw;wk;epyf;fz;zp ntbnahd;wpd; rhjhuz Njhw;wk;epyf;fz;zp ntbnahd;wpd; rhjhuz Njhw;wk;

1. ntbj;jy;

2. Njhl;lhtpy; cs;s ntb (Kd;Gwj;jpw;F ce;jg;gLk; ntbAk;cs;slf;ff; $Lk;)

rpy jdpegh; my;yJ epy ntbfs;rpy jdpegh; my;yJ epy ntbfs;rpy jdpegh; my;yJ epy ntbfs;rpy jdpegh; my;yJ epy ntbfs;rpy jdpegh; my;yJ epy ntbfs;

PMR kw;Wk; FROM Mfpa epyntbfspd; tah;fs; ntg;gepiyf;Fk;>

czh;e;Jf; nfhs;tjw;fhfapUf;Fk; cgfuzk;ghJfhg;G topKiwfs; 1ntbf;Fk; gFjp }

gytpj Nfhzq;fspd ;msTfspy; ntb Fz;Lfs;cs;sd. mtw;wpy; mjpfsT rf;jpnfhz;lJ. cNyhfg; ghJfhg;gpy;mikf;fg;gl;Ls;s <akhFk;.NkNy ,Uf ;f pd ;w Fz;Lghtidf;fhf vLf;fg;gLk; ntbFz;lhFk;. $uhd Fz;L 7.62nrg ;G gilnahd;w pidf ;nfhz;l Rw ;whFk ; . r pw patl;lq;fisf; nfhz;l Fz;Lfs;ifj ;Jg ;ghf ;f p kw ;Wk ; rg ;nk\pd; Jg;ghf;fpfSf;fhd kp.kP.9 ge;J uitfshFk; . rpwpants;spf ; Foha ; ntw ;WuitahFk;.

ntbf;f itf;Fk; cgfuzk;

fPo;kl;l ghuk;

cah;kl;l ghuk;{ghJfhg;G

2

2929292929


fhyepiyf;Fk; Vw;gNt ntbf;Fk;. kuj;jpypUe;J tpOk; fpisfs;> %Lgdp Mfpad ,e; epyntbfspd; gFjpfis rpwpJ rpwpjhf ntspg;gLj;jpnraw;gl itf;ff; $Lk;. ,it ve;NeuKk; ntbf;fyhk;. tre;j fhyq;fspy;,e;j mghak; mjpfkhff; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. epyntbfs; Neu ntbf;Fz;Lfshf khWfpd;wd.

PMR- 2 A

,J mjpfkhf gpuNahfpf;fg;gLk;epyntb. ,J fk;gpapy;> jbapy;my;yJ kuj;jpy; itf;fg;gLfpwJ(Njitahd cauj;jpw;F fpisfs;ntl;lg;gLfpd;wd.)

PMA - 2

,it Vida epyntbfisghJfhg;gjw;fhf ghtpf;fg;gLfpd;wd.gr ;ir epwj ;j py ; jahh pf ;fg ;gl ;L(gpsh];bf;)> el;rj;jpu tbt ,f;dp\dp-dhy; nraw;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. 100 fpuhk;ntb kUe;J ,jid mjpgaq;funtbahf;Ffpd;wd.

PMA - 3

jdpahfNth> %d;W my;yJehd;F mb J}uj;jpNyh> thpir-ahfNth> Aj;j gpuNjrj;jpypUe;J20 kPl;lh; J}uj;jpNyh ,itepyj;jpy; Gijf;fg;gLfpd;wd>%lg;gl;bUf;Fk;> jd; mOj;jp(Trigger) vg;NghJk; ntspapy;fhzg;gLk;.

3030303030


PROM - 1

,it Gijf;fg;gl;L my;yJfw;fyhy; %lg;gl;bUf;Fk;.,jd; mOj;j p mt;tsT,yFtpy; nraw;gLj;jg;glKbahJ.

MRUD

mNdfkhf kuq;fspy; nghUj;jg ;-gl;bUf;Fk> ,it kQ;ry; epw tah;fspd;%yk; Vidatw;Wld; nghUj;jg;gl;bUf;-fyhk;. ,t;ntbfspd; Nehf;fk; xUtiunfhy;Ytjy;y> khwhf fhag;gLj;JtNj.

ghjpf;fg;gl;ltUf;F fpl;lj;jl;l 7 NghpdJ cjtp Njitg;gLk;. Mdhy;Fwp ghh;j;J jhf;fg;gLk; NghJ 20 kPw;wh; gug;gpDs; ,J xUtiu nfhiynra;aty;yJ.

ePq;fs; epyf;fz;zp ntbfs; mlq;fpa tyaj;jpw;Fs; nrd;why;ePq;fs; epyf;fz;zp ntbfs; mlq;fpa tyaj;jpw;Fs; nrd;why;ePq;fs; epyf;fz;zp ntbfs; mlq;fpa tyaj;jpw;Fs; nrd;why;ePq;fs; epyf;fz;zp ntbfs; mlq;fpa tyaj;jpw;Fs; nrd;why;ePq;fs; epyf;fz;zp ntbfs; mlq;fpa tyaj;jpw;Fs; nrd;why;

kiwe;jpUe;J ntb itj;jy;kiwe;jpUe;J ntb itj;jy;kiwe;jpUe;J ntb itj;jy;kiwe;jpUe;J ntb itj;jy;kiwe;jpUe;J ntb itj;jy;

];idg;gh; Jg;ghf;fp jhhpfs; jkJ Fwpfis Rkhh; 600 kPw;wh;J}uj;jpypUe;J jhf;fyhk; ( rpy Neuk; 1>000 kPw;wh;) gfy; Ntisapy;> ,uTNeuq;fspy; 300 kPw;wh;. Mdhy; mNdfkhf ,th;fs; mz;ikapypUe;Njjhf;Fthh;fs;. ,J mth;fs; jtW tpLtij Fiwf;Fk;. ,th;fs; ,utpYk;gdp Neuj;jpYk; ntt;NtW tifahd Milfisg; ghtpg;ghh;fs;.,th;fs; mjpfkhf xU fl;blj;jpd; miwapy;> Nky; khbiaAk;>fl;blj;jpd; Kd; gFjpiaAk; jtph ;j ;J jk;ik jahh;gLj;jpf;nfhs;sthh;fs;. (tiu glk;1) NkYk; ,th;fs; Xl;liwfs;> kz; %ilfs;mLf;fg;gl;l ,lk; Mfpatw;wpy; ,Ug;ghh;fs;.

,utpy; gazQ; nra;ahjPh;fs;.xUtnuhUtuhf tpyfp jdpthpirapy; ele;J nry;yTk;.rpwpa ghijfspy; nry;yNtz;lhk;. jilfSf;F Nky;Vw Ntz;lhk;. rpijtile;j,lq;fis Muha;r;rp nra;aNtz;lhk;. ePhpy; Ko;fpa,lq;fspy; ftdkhf,Uf;fTk;. ePhpw;F mbapYk;kpjp ntbfs; ,Uf;ff; $Lk;.

3131313131


1 tJ tiuglk;1 tJ tiuglk;1 tJ tiuglk;1 tJ tiuglk;1 tJ tiuglk;

njhiytpypUe;J ntb itf;Fk;xUth; mNdfkhf ,Uf;ff; $Lk;.

2 tJ tiutlk;2 tJ tiutlk;2 tJ tiutlk;2 tJ tiutlk;2 tJ tiutlk;

fl;blnkhd;Wf;Fs; ntbitf;Fk; nghOJ

,Uf;ff; $Lk;.


$iunahd;wpw;Fs; ntbitf;Fk; ,lq;fs;

vjpnuhypg; gpur;rpidvjpnuhypg; gpur;rpidvjpnuhypg; gpur;rpidvjpnuhypg; gpur;rpidvjpnuhypg; gpur;rpid

Jg;ghf;fp #l;bd; rj;jk; Rkhh; nrf;fDf;F 330kPw;wh; gpuahzk; nra;Ak;

3232323232


mNj Ntisapy;> Jg;ghf;fpf; Fz;LRkhh; nrf;fDf;F 1>000 kPw;wh ;Ntfj;jpy; gpuahzk; nra;Ak. jpwe;jntspapy; Jg;ghf;fp #L vq;fpUe;Jte;jJ vd;gjid milahsk;fhz;gJ vspJ. RLgtUf;Fk;>cq;fSf;F-kpilapy ; mNdfjlq;fs; fhzg;-gl;lhy; mr;#L gy,lq;fspypUe;Jk; te;jJ Nghy;vjpnuhypf;fyhk;. RLgth; mjd;rj;jj;ij Kjypy; Nfl;ghh;. gpd;Gmjd; vjpnuhyp njhlUk;. Kjy;rj;jk; FWfpajhfTk; njspthfTk;,Uf;Fk;> mNjNtis ,uz;lhk;rj;jk; ePz;ljhAk; njsptw;Wk;4 tJ tiuglk;4 tJ tiuglk;4 tJ tiuglk;4 tJ tiuglk;4 tJ tiuglk;

fhzg;gLk;. (tiuglk; 4)

tiuglj;jpy; fhl;lg;gl;lJNghy; ];idg;gUf;Fk; mth;Fwpf;Fk; ,ilg;gl;l xypapd;fhyk ; FWfpaJ> Mdhy ;vjpnuhypahdJ Fwpiar ;


NkypUe;J> ];lh;ypq; kpy;yp kPw;wh; 9.rg; nk\pd; Jg;ghf;fp ];lh;ypq; hP -56 ,yF ,ae;jpu Jg;ghf;fp kw;Wk;V.Nf. 47 Jg;ghf;fpnahd;W

NkypUe;J ,lkpUe;J tyj;jpw;F :mg;ghw; Nghlf; $ba kpy;yp kPw;wh;56 jhq;fpfis mopf;Fk; uhf;fl;Nyhd;[h;. Nfhy;l; 45 gp];ly; kp.kP. 9uf rpf; gp];ly;. kr; 10 ,d;f;uk; kp.kPw;wh;9 uf rg; ,ae;jpu Jg;ghf;fp> v];.Mh;.6 uf Kf%b kw;Wk; fpNyhfpuhk; 5uf a+Nfh];yhtpa jhq;fpaopg;GFz;L.

nrd;wiltjw;F mNdf J}uk; gpuahzk; nra;a Ntz;bAs;sJ. ,JJg;ghf;fpr; #l;bw;Fk;> vjpnuhypf;Fkpilapy; tpj;jpahrj;ij Vw;gLj;JfpwJ.,jd; %yk; Jg;ghf;fpr; #l;bd; rj;jj;ij rhpahf mwpa KbfpwJ. Xh;rpwe;j ];idg;gh; tPud;> gy vjpnuhypfs; Vw;glf; $ba gpuNjrj;ijNajdJ Fwpia RLtjw;fha; Njh;e;njLg;ghd;. ,jdhy; vq;fpUe;J rj;jk;te;jJ vd;gjid mwptJ fbdkhdJ.

3333333333


gw;wp ePq;fs; thdpypUe;j glk;gpbj;Jf; nfhs;s cjtf; $bath;fs;.

ghJfhg;gpy;yhky; jdpahf ePq;fs; Aj;jfsj;jpy; gazpj;jhy; ePq;fs;vq;Nf epw;fpwPh;fs; vd;gJ gw;wpAk; gilapdhpd; epiyfs; gw;wpa czh;Tk;cq;fSf;fpUf;f Ntz;Lk;. ghpr;rakhd xUtUld; elkhLq;fs;. ePq;fs;Jg;ghf;fpf;F ,yf;fhf khl;Bh;fs; vd;W njhpe;j gpd;Ng ePq;fs;Clftpayhsh; vd;gij mwpaj;jhUq;fs;. cq;fs; thfdj;jpy; Clfk;.gj;jphpifahsh; vd;W vOjp xl;Lq;fs; mJ rhjfkha; mikAk; vd;Wnjhpe;jhy;. Nfs;tp Nfl;fg;gl;lhy; ePq;fs; Clftpayhsh; vd;W cq;fis,dq;fhl;Lq;fs;. NkhJk; gilfis mth;fspd; rPUil> mth;fs;ghtpf;Fk; MAjk;> thfdk; vd;gtw;iw itj;Nj cq;fshy; ,dq;fhzKbAk; vd;gij cWjpg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. rpy re;jh;g;gq;fspy; ,Jvspjy;y. rpy gilfSf;F ,dk; fhl;Lk; milahsj;Jtq;fs; fpilahJ.rpy Nghuhl;lq;fspy; ,we;j vjphpfspd; cilfs; MAjq;fs;vd;gtw;iwNa gilapdh; ghtidf;F vLj;Jf; nfhs;tJk; cz;L.mDkjp ,y;yhky; gilapdiuNah Aj;jk; elf;Fk; gFjpfisNah ePq;fs;glk;gpbj;jhy; mth;fs; cq;fs; glg;gpbg;Gf; fUtpiag; gwpj;Jf; nfhs;sf;$Lk;. ePq;fs; ifJ nra;ag;glyhk; my;yJ epiyik mijtplNkhrkhfTk; mikayhk;.

,yf;fhFjy;

gpd;tUk; 3 fhuzpfspy; xd;Wf;fhf ePq;fs; Xh; gyp ,yf;fhf khwyhk;.

gpioahd Neuj;jpy; gpioahd ,lj;jpy; ePq;fs; ,Ue;jhy; (,JJujp\;lk;)

ePq;fs; jkf;F Mgj;J vd;W gilapduhy; jtwhf fzpf;fg;gl;lhy;

ePq;fs; Xh; Clftpayhsh; vd;gjhy;

ePq;fs; gilapdhpy; XUth; Nghy; fhl;rp juhky; ,Ue;jhy; Mgj;ijj;jtph;ff; KbAk;. ,uhZt Milapd;wp fth;r;rpahd epw MilfismzpAq;fs;. Nkyhil xU epwj;jpYk; fPohil ,d;ndhU epwj;jpYk;,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. glk;gpbf;Fk; NghJ ftdkhapUq;fs;. Vndd;why;glg;gpbg;Gf; fUtp Xh; MAjk; vd;W jtwhf vil Nghlg;glyhk;. rpyNtisfspy; fkuhTk; Sam 7 Fz;L tPr;Rf; fUtpAk; xd;W Nghy;Njhw;wkspf;fyhk;. cq;fs; glg;gpbg;Gf; fz;zhbapy; #hpa xsp gl;Lj;njwpf;Fk; NghJ mJ Xh; MAjk; vd;W vz;zg;glyhk;. ePq;fs; Xh;Nfe;jpu ];jhdj;jpd; mUfhikapy; epw;gjhy; ePq;fs; ,yf;fhfyhk;. ,jdhy;ePq;fs; Fz;Lj; jhf;FjYf;Fk; tpkhdj; jhf;FjYf;Fk; ,yf;fhfyhk;.

,yf;nfhd;iw jtwhf,yf;nfhd;iw jtwhf,yf;nfhd;iw jtwhf,yf;nfhd;iw jtwhf,yf;nfhd;iw jtwhfmilahsq; fhzg;gLtjhfmilahsq; fhzg;gLtjhfmilahsq; fhzg;gLtjhfmilahsq; fhzg;gLtjhfmilahsq; fhzg;gLtjhf,Uf;fhjPh;fs;,Uf;fhjPh;fs;,Uf;fhjPh;fs;,Uf;fhjPh;fs;,Uf;fhjPh;fs;

cq;fs; cilfs; ,uhZTcilfisg; Nghyy;yhky;,Ug;gjw;F ftdQ; nrYj;j-Tk;. nfkhg;yh[; cilfismzpa Ntz;lhk;.

Gifg;glf;fUtp Jg;ghf;fp-nahd;whfj; njhptjw;F ,l-Kz;L vd;gjid epidtpy;itj;Jf; nfhs;;sTk;.

cldbahf ntspr ;rk ;Vw;gLtJ Nghy; Gifg;glk;vLj;jy;. MAjnkhd;wpd;cldb ntspr;rkhff; fUJ-tjw;F ,lKz;L. fkuhfz;zhbnahd;Wk;> fz;zh-bfspd; ntspr;rq;fSk;>kpd;Dk; iff; fbfhuq;fs;(mtw;iw kWgf;fj;jpw ;FjpUg;gTk;) mit #hpa xspgl;lTld; kpDq;ff; $Lk;.

fkuhtpd ; ntspr ;rk ; >tpNrlkhf ,uT Neuq;fspy;ftdk; nrYj;jg;gLk;.

gw;w itf;Fk; rpfnul; mjp-fsT J}uj;jpypUe;J fhzf;-$baJld; mit kiwe;-jpUe;J ntb itg;gth;fis<h;j;Jf; nfhs;tjw;F ,l-Kz;L.

3434343434


MAjq;fs; gw;wpa mwpT

Aj;jq;fis mwpf;ifapLk; nra;jpahsh;fSf;F gy;NtW MAjq;fs;gw;wpa mwpT mtrpak;. me;j MAjq;fspd; rf;jp ghtidj; J}uk; vd;gdgw;wpa mwpT Ntz;Lk;. ,J cq;fs; capiuf; fhg;gw;wNth mopf;fNthKbAk;. rpwpa MAjq;fspd; ghtidahdJ mjd; tif my;yJcw;gj;jpahsh;> fhyepiy kw;Wk; mjid ghtpg;gthpd; jpwd; (rpe;jid>fisg;G Mfpad) vd;gtw;wpy; mlq;Fk;. 1>000 kPw;wh; J}uj;jpy; kzpf;F16 fp|kP Ntfj;jpy; tUk; Njhl;lhtpidAk;> fhw;W mjd; FwpapypUe;Jehd;F kPw;wh; jpir jpUk;Gk;.

Fiwe;j tYTila MAjq;fs; if Jg;ghf;fp my;yJ iua;gy;;Mfpad xypapd; Ntfj;ij tpl Fiwe;j Ntfj;jpNy Fz;il ntbf;fitf;Fk;> cly; hPjpahd ghJfhg;G ftrq;fs; ,tw;wpypUe;J ghJfhg;igngw;Wj; jUk;. jhzpaf;f kw;Wk; jd;dpaf;f MAjk; NeuhfTk;>cah;thfTk; ,aq;f ty;yNjhL ,tw;iw nfhz;L xOq;fhfgapw;Wtpf;fg;gl;l tPuDf;F 20 kPw;wh; J}uj;jpw;F Fwpitf;ff; $batdhf,Uf;fpwhd;. mNj Ntis gapw;rpapy; FiwTila tPud; J}uj;ijxOq;fhff; Fwp itg;gjpy;iy. Mgj;njd njhpAk; epiyikapy; tpyfpf;nfhs;tjw;F jPh;khdpj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;F ,j;jfty;fs; cq;fSf;F cjTk;.

,j;jfty;fs; vjph;g;ig czh;e;J> mwpe;J> mjpypUe;J tpLgl cjTk;.fduf MAjq;fspd; ,af;fkhdJ xypapd; Ntfj;ij tplf; $baNtfj;jpy; ,af;fk; ngWk; (iugy;> my;yJ ,ae;jpu Jg;ghf;fpfs;) ePq;fs;Njhl;lhtpd; xypiaf; Nfl;lhy; mJ cq;fis jtwtpl;lnjhd;whf,Uf;Fk;. mjdJ xyp kpf Ez;zpakhapd;> JUg;Gf;fs; mUfpy;,Uf;fpwhh;fs; vd mh;j;jg;gLk;.

mjpf Ntfj;jpidAila MAjq;fs; (iugy; my;yJ ,ae;jpuJg;ghf;fp) xypapd; Ntfj;ij tplf; Fz;Lfis ntbf;f itf;Fk;.cq;fSf;Fj; Njhl;lhtpd; xyp Nfl;Fkhapd; mj;Njhl;lh mg;nghOJcq;fis fle;J nrd;wpUf;Fk;. njspthd ntbr; rj;jnkhd;WNfl;Fkhapd; mJ mUfpypUe;J ntb itf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

3535353535


ghJfhg;Gf;F kj;jpapy; xd;wha; nry;Yk; thfdf; FOf;fs;

ghJfhg;Gf; FOf;fs; vkf;F jtwhdnjhU ghJfhg;gpd; czh;tpidj;juty;yd. ,uhZtg; ghJfhg;Gf; FOf;fSf;F gy rl;ljpl;lq;fs;fhzg;gLfpd;wd. jhf;Fjy;fs; Vw;gLk; NghJ cldbahf mwpe;Jnfhs;s>mg;ghJfhg;Gf; FOf;fspd; thfdq;fs; njhlh;ghly; cgfuzq;fisAk;>MAjq;fisAk; itj;Js;sd. khwhf Clftpayhshpd; thfdq;fs;Neh;thpirapy; nry;Yk; thfdq;fspd; vz;zpf;ifia kl;Lk;ghJfhg;gpw;fhf ek;gp ,Ug;git. ePq;fs; ,uhZt my;yJ If;fpa ehLfs;ghJfhg;Gf; FOTld; gazpg;gjha; ,Ue;jhy;> mtw;wpd; rl;lq;fisg;gpd;gw;Wq;fs;. ,uhZt ghJfhg;Gld; ,y;yhj NghJ> vjphpfspd;ftdj;ij <h;f;fhj tz;zk; ftdkha; ,Uq;fs;. cq;fSila topfhl;btiuglj;ij itj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. vq;F ,Uf;fpwPh;fs;> vq;FNghfpwPh;fs; vd;gjid ed;F mwpe;J nfhs;Sq;fs;. ghh;j;Jf; nfhs;sf;$basT J}uj;jpy; ,Uq;fs;. fhh;fSf;fpilapy; NubNah my;yJnjhiyNgrp njhlh;gpid itj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. ,uhZt ghJfhg;Gf;FOf;fs; mNdkhf thfdq;fspd; Kd;dhNyh> gpd;dhNyh nry;ytpUk;Gtjpy;iy. jhf;Fjypd; NghJ Kd;> gpd; nry;Yk; thfdq;fisj;jhq;fp ,U KidfisAk; kwpj;Jj; jhf;FtNj ,jw;fhd fhuzkhFk;.

Nrhjidr; rhtbfs;

Nrhjidr; rhtbfis fle;J nry;yy; vd;gJ gPjpia> mghaj;ijVw;gLj;jf; $ba jUthahFk;. mtw;wpy; tpOkpa xOf;fkw;w> Nghuhspfs;>fhpy;yhf;fs; my;yJ rhjhuzg; gilapdh; fhzg;glyhk;. cq;fs; Nehf;fk;,jidf; fle;J NghtNj. vg;NghJk; Gd;difj;j Kfj;Jld; ,Uq;fs;.Nkhjy;fisj; jtph;j;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;.

rhtbia neUq;Fk; NghJ> Njitahd gj;jpuq;fisj; jtpuNtnwijAk; ifapy ; itj;jpUf;f Ntz;lhk; . cq;fis Xh ;Clftpayhsuhf mwpKfk; nra;Aq;fs;. vt;tpj rpf;fYkpd;wp Nrhjidr;rhtbia ePq;fs; fle;jPh;fshdhy; vg;NghJk; Gd;difj;j Kfj;Jld;,Uq;fs;> cq;fsplk; Nfl;fg;gl;lijj; jtpu Ntnwe;j jfty;fisAk;mspf;fhjPh;fs;> Njitaw;w tplaq;fspy; jiyaplhjPh;fs;. mDkjpapd;wpxU NghJk; glk; gpbf;fhjPh;fs;.

gpur;rpid VJk; Vw;gl;L> rpg;gha;fs; cq;fsplk; MNtrj;NjhL my;yJmtkhpahijahf ele ;J nfhz;lhy ; > Kjypy ; mth ;fismikjpg;gLj;Jq;fs;. xU rpful;il my;yJ ,dpg;Gg; gz;lj;ijf;nfhLq;fs;. rpg;ghapdJk;> cq;fsJk; nkhop xNu nkhopahftpUe;jhy;>ePq;fs; Nkhjiyj; jtph;j;J tpisahl;bidg; gw;wp my;yJ mtuJ

3636363636


FLk;gj;jpidg; gw;wp fijf;fyhk;. cq;fs; ngaiu mtUf;Fj; $Wq;fs;.ePq;fs; vq;fpUf;fpwPh;fs;> kw;wth;fs; vq;fpUf;fpwhh;fs; vd;gjid ePq;fs;ed;F mwptPh;fs; vd;gjid mtUf;Fj; njhpag;gLj;Jq;fs;.

xOq;fhf gapw ;Wtpf ;fg ;glhj ,uhZtj;jpdhplk; my;yJNghuhspfsplk; cq;fSf;fhd Mgj;J mjpfkha; ,Uf;fyhk;. mth;fs;cq;fs; Kfj;ij ghh;f;fhky; Ngrpdhy;> czh;r;rpfsw;W fhzg;gLk; NghJrw;W ftdkha; ,Uq;fs;. mth;fSf;F kdpj caphpd; ngWkjp ,dpNkYk;Kf;fpakw;wjha; ,Uf;fyhk;. xU rpg;ghapd; khzth;fshy; rPlh;fs; mstpy;kpfr; rpwpath;fsha; ,Ue;jhy; c\huhftpUq;fs;. mth; Nghijt];JmUe;jp ,Uf;fyhk;> Nghijt];J tsh;r;rpiaf; Fiwf;Fk;. ePq;fs; cq;fs;milahsj;ij fhl;Lk; NghJ> cq;fs; fzthpd; my;yJ kidtpapd;my;yJ gps;isfspd; Gifg;glj;ij fhz;gpAq;fs;. ,J ePq;fs; vq;FNgha;; ,Uf;fpd;wPh;fs;> cq;fs; tuit vjph;ghh;j;j tz;zk; rpyh;,Uf;fpd;whh;fs; vd;gjid vLj;Jf; fhl;Lk;. ,jd; %yk; ePq;fs;cq;fSf;F chpik ,Uf;fpd;wJ vd;gjidAk;> ePq;fs; Jd;GWj;jg;gl;lhy;>mjw;fhd tpisTfisr; re;jpf;f NehpLk; vd;gjidAk; mth;fSf;FePq;fs; vJtpj mghaj;ijAk; nfhz;Ltutpy;iy vd;gijAk;tpsf;FfpwPh;fs;. vg;NghJk; Gd;difj;j tz;zk; ,Uq;fs;.

Aj;jf; fsj;jpy; nghJ mwpTld; ele;J nfhs;sy;rz;ilg; gpbg;gth;fs; vq;fpUf;fpd;whh;fs; vd;W ePq;fs; mwptPh;fsh?

vq;fpUe;J Jg;ghf;fpj; jhf;Fjy; tuf; $Lk;? cq;fs; cilikfis vLj;Jf;nfhz;L Xh; mtruj;jpd; NghJ vt;thW jg;gpg;gJ vd;gjidr;rpe;jpAq;fs;.

mjp $ba jd;dk;gpf;ifAld; ,Uf;fhjPh;fs;. cq;fs; tiuaiwfismwpe;jpUq;fs;. cq;fs; jPh;khdq;fSf;F ePq;fNs nghWg;Ngw;Wf;nfhs;Sq;fs;. Vida Clftpayhsh;fspd; KbTfspdhy;> capuhgj;JVw;glf; $ba #o;epiyfspy; rpf;fpf; nfhs;shjPh;fs;.

epidTg; nghUl;fis Nrfhpf;f Ntz;lhk;. epyntbfs; kpffth;r;rpfukhf Njhw;wkspf;Fk;.

xU NghJk; MAjj;jpidNah> Jg;ghf;fpapidNah nfhz;Lnry;yhjPh;fs;. mjd; gpw;ghL ePq;fs; rptpypadhf fUjg;gl khl;Bh;fs;.

cq;fis Rj;jkhf itj;J> cq;fs; vz;zq;fis nkU$l;bf;nfhs;Sq;fs;. cq;fs; cly; epiyiag; ghh;j;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. ePq;fs;caph;j;jg;Gtjw;fhf Xl Ntz;bapUf;Fk; QhgfkpUf;fl;Lk;.

Fz;Lj;jhf;Fjy;fis mz;ikapypUe;J mtjhdpf;Fk; NghJ>mtw;wpy; NfhshW Vw;gl;L ePq;fs; fhag;glf; $Lk;> ,ijf; Fwpj;Jk;mtjhdkha; ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

thfdj; njhlh;thfdj; njhlh;thfdj; njhlh;thfdj; njhlh;thfdj; njhlh;

2001 Mk; Mz;LMg;fhdp];jhdpy; ehd;FClftpayhsh;fs; (Mg;fhd;>mT];jpNuypah> ];ghdpahkw;Wk; ,j;jhyp) nfhz;Lnrd;w Nkhl;lhh; Ch;jpepWj;jg;gl;L me; ehd;FClftpayhsh;fSk;gLnfhiy nra;ag;gl;ldh;.mth;fs; gazQ; nra;jthfdq;fs; xt;nthd;Wk;J}uj;jpypUe;jjpdhy; xd;Wk;nra;J nfhs;s KbahJNghdJ.

3737373737


Nkhjypd; gpw;ghL

ePq;fs; Nkhjy; ele;j ,lj;ij ghh;itaplr; nrd;why;> mq;F epyntbfSk;> n\y;fSk;> fl;blk; ghJfhg;gw;Wk; fhzg;glyhk;.

ntw;wpapd; fspg;gpy; Nghuhspfs; gy rkaq;fspy; thdj;ij Nehf;fpr;RLtJz;L. Rlg;gLfpd;w Njhl;lhf;fs; kzpf;F 190 fp|kp (120 iky;)Ntfj;jpy; epyj;jpy; te;J tpOe;J ntbf;Fk; ,t;thW gyh; ,we;Jk;>fhag;gl;LKs;sdh;.

Clftpayhsh;fs; vd;w tifapy; Fwp itf;fg;gLjy;

Xh; Clftpayhshpd; gpurd;dk;> my;yJ tpNrlkhf xU 'fkuh'tpd;gpurd;dk; rk;gtq;fisAk; kw;Wk; NghuhspfisAk; ghjpf;Fk;. vjph;g;Gr;rk;tq;fisf; Fwpj;J vr;rhpf;ifaha; ,Uq;fs;. ,uhZtj;jpdhy;nra;ag;gl;l nfhiyr; rk;gtj;ij ePq;fs; fz;lhy;> mikjpahfTk;>gjw;wkpy;yhkYk;> 'fkuhit' xopj;J itj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs; .,uhZtj;jpdh; Aj;jf; nfhiyfspdhy; rl;l eltbf;if vLf;fg;glyhk;vd;gjid mwpe;Js;sdh;. vdNt mth;fs; cq;fsplkpUe;J midj;Jmj;jhl;rpfisAk; mgfhpf;f my;yJ mopf;f Kidth;. ,jidf; Fwpj;Jmtjhdj;Jld; ,Uf;fTk;. ePq;fs; vjidAk; fhzhjth; Nghy;mt;tplj;jpypUe;J tpyfpr; nry;Yq;fs;.

giltPuhpd; ghh;itapy;giltPuhpd; ghh;itapy;giltPuhpd; ghh;itapy;giltPuhpd; ghh;itapy;giltPuhpd; ghh;itapy;cq;fisg; ghh;f;fTk;cq;fisg; ghh;f;fTk;cq;fisg; ghh;f;fTk;cq;fisg; ghh;f;fTk;cq;fisg; ghh;f;fTk;

"Vidath;fs;,Uf;Fkplj;jpypUe;Jcq;fis Nehf;fp ghh;f;fTk;.giltPuh; rhpahf gapw;rpngwhj 17> 18 taijf;nfhz;l gae;j,isQnuhUtuhf ,Uf;fKbAk;. Mgj;jhd #oypy;xUTh; nra;Ak; tplak;jh;f;fhPjpahf ,Uf;ff; $Lk;".

3838383838


rptpy; fytuq;fSk; cs;ehl;Lmikjpapd;ikAk;

q;fs; gpuNjrj;jpd; efu kj;jpapy; ,lk;ngWk; fytuq;fs;>cs;ehl;L mikjpapd;ik kw;Wk; vjph;g;Gf; $l;lq;fs; $l>

Aj;jg; gpuNjrj;ijg; Nghd;W mgafukhdjhff; fhzg;glyhk;.

rpy rk;gtq;fs; Cfpf;f Kbahjit> mtw;wpy; mlq;fp ,Uf;Fk;mghaq;fs; kpfg;gaq;fukhd epiyf;F> kpf Ntfkhf mjpfhhpf;fyhk;.td;Kiwaw;w $l;lq;fSk; gak;> Nfhgk; Vw;gLk; NghJ mghak;tpistpg;gjhf khwyhk;. mikjpahd vjph;g;Gf; $l;lq;fs; jpBh; vdgaq;fu fytuq;fshf Njhw;wnkLf;fyhk;. ,df; fytuk; my;yJr%fq;fSf;fpilapy; gpsT fhzg;gLk; NghJ> Clftpayhsh;fs;ghJfhg;ghd my;yJ ghJfhg;gw;w ,lq;fs; kw;Wk; ghJfhg;ghd kw;Wk;ghJfhg;gw;w elj;ijfs; Fwpj;Jk; mwpe;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;. gaq;futhjvjph ;g ;Gf ; $l ;lq ;fs ; nghJ kf ;fisAk; > r py ehLfspy ;Clftpayhsh;fisAk; Fwp itf;fpd;wd. glg;gpbg;ghsh;fs;>nra;jpahsh;fs; MfpNahh; gaq;futhjpfsplkpUe;J tuf;$bagopthq;fy; elj;ijfisf; Fwpj;Jk; mwpe;jpUj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

,q;Fk; Aj;j gpuNjrq;fspy; Nghd;Nw Fiwe;j mghaj;jpYk;>$basT ey;y nra;jpfisg; ngWtNj Clftpayhsh;fspd;Nehf;fkhFk;. vdNt Kd;$l;bNa jpl;lkpl;L> fl;Lg;ghl;bDs;rfyijAk; itj;Jf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. ,jpy; mjp $ba mghak;nra;jp FOf;fSf;Nf fhzg;gLfpd;wd. mth;fs; jkf;F gof;fg;glhj>ghJfhg;G rk;ge;jkhd vJtpj Kd; mwptpj;jYkpd;wp> jhNkFwpitf;fg;glf; $bath;fshf khWfpd;w #o;epiyf;Fs; nry;Yk; NghJmJ mghafukhdjhf khWfpd;wJ. Nkhjypy; VjhtJ gf;fj;Jf;Fr;rhh;ghdth;fs; vd fyff;fhuh;fs; Cltpayhsh;fisf; Fwpj;J mwpe;Jitj;jpUe;jhy; mJ mth;fSf;F Nkyjpf Mgj;jpidj; juty;yJ.jk;ik Xh; Clfj;NjhL rk;ge;jg;gl;l ];bf;fh;fis mzpe;jpUg;gpd;mtw;iwf; fow;wp tpLq;fs;.

ghJfhg;G kw;Wk; nghyp]; gilfs; fkuhf;fs; my;yJ tPbNahfkuhf;fs; fhzg;gLk; NghJ mit fytuj;ij cUthf;ff; fhuzkhf,Uf;Fk; vdTk; mtw;iw cgNahfpf;f Ntz;lhk; vdTk; $wf; $Lk;.fyff;fhuh;fspdhy;> my;yJ nghyprhuhy; Clftpayhsh;fspd;fkuhf;fNs fytuj;ij cUthf;ff; fhuzkha; ,Ue;jJ vd vz;zpdhy;>Clftpayhsiuj; jhf;ff; $Lk;. glk; gpbf;fg;gLk; fhl;rpfs;

gapw;rp> mOj;jq;fspd; fPo;gapw;rp> mOj;jq;fspd; fPo;gapw;rp> mOj;jq;fspd; fPo;gapw;rp> mOj;jq;fspd; fPo;gapw;rp> mOj;jq;fspd; fPo;Fog;gkilahJ ,Ug;gjw;FFog;gkilahJ ,Ug;gjw;FFog;gkilahJ ,Ug;gjw;FFog;gkilahJ ,Ug;gjw;FFog;gkilahJ ,Ug;gjw;F];NdrhdhTf;F cjtp Ghpa];NdrhdhTf;F cjtp Ghpa];NdrhdhTf;F cjtp Ghpa];NdrhdhTf;F cjtp Ghpa];NdrhdhTf;F cjtp GhpaKbAk;.KbAk;.KbAk;.KbAk;.KbAk;.

];Ndrhdh YNgt;];jh rh;tNjrClftpayhsh; rk;Nksdk;kw;Wk; krpNlhdpah gj;jphpifepiyaj;jpd; %yk; 2000 Mk;Mz;L mf;Nlhgh; khjk;epWtg;gl;l krpNlhdpahtpd;KjyhtJ ghJfhg;G gapw;rpghlnewpfspy; fye;J nfhz;ldh;.Ie;J khjj;jpd; gpd;dh; A1njhiyf;fhl;rpf; FOTld;nfhNrhth vy;iyapy;mike;Js;s fDnrt;fp vd;wkrpNlhdpah fpuhkj;jpw;Fnrd;wdh;. ];Ndrhdh kw;Wk;mtuJ FOtpdh; my;Ngdpahkf;fs; ,uhZtk; %yk;jLf;fg;gl;L Nfs;tpfs;Nfl;fg;gl;ld. mt; ,uhZtj;jpy;rpyh; nfhNrhth Gul;rp,uhZtj;jpd; ,yl;rpidfismzpe;jpUe;jdh;. ];Ndrhdh,t;thW njhptpj;jhh;. "mth;fs;MAjq;fs; itj;jpUe;jdh;.thdj;ij Nehf;fp Jg;ghf;fpr; #Lelj;jp vk;ik Rw;wp tisj;jdh;.vd;idg; Nghy; vdJ FOTf;Fk;kpfTk; eilKiw mDgtkhfmike;jik> ehk; mikjpahf,Ue;jikAk;> el;GwTj;jd;ikapid fhl;Ltjw;Fk;kw;Wk; nfhNrhth Gul;rp ,uhZtcWg;gpdh;fSld; fijg;gjw;FKaw;rp nra;jikahFk;.mjp\;ltrkhf mth;fs; vkf;Fghjpg;gpid Vw;gLj;jtpy;iy.""ghJfhg;G gapw;rp ghlnewpvdf;F nghpJk; cjtpaJ.Jujp\;ltrkhf ehd; fw;wmidj;ijAk; vdJ ehl;bNyeilKiwg;gLj;jpNdd;.

ccccc

3939393939


nghyprhhplk; ifaspf;fg;gLk; vd fyff;fhuh;fs; vz;zpdhy;>glg;gpbg;ghsh;fs; Mgj;jpid vjph; Nehf;fyhk;.

jk;ik milahsk; fhl;bf; nfhs;s tpUk;ghj> jhk; glk;gpbf;fg;gLtij tpUk;ghj fyff;fhuh;fs; jiyapy; Kfj;ij kiwf;Fk;ciwfis my;yJ jiyf; ftrq;fis mzpe;J nfhs;syhk;.nghyprhUk; $l fytuj;jpd; NghJ jiyf; ftrkzpe;J> Kf ciwfs;mzpe;J> jkJ milahs ,yf;fq;fisf; $l fow;wp itj;jpUf;fyhk;.,g;gbg;gl;lth;fs; jhk; milahsk; fhzg;gl Kbahjjd; fhuzj;jhy;mjpfsT td;Kiwfis gpuNahfpg;gjw;fhd tha;g;Gf;fs; mjpfk;.

$l;lj;jpDs; fhzg;gLk; Nfhgj;jpd; fhuzj;jhy; td;Kiw voyhk;.my;yJ nghyprhh; gyhj;fhukhff; $l;lj;ij fiyf;f KaYk; NghJvoyhk;. ,U jug;GNk vr;rhpf;if toq;FtJ FiwT. ghJfhg;Gg;gilapdh; mjp Ntfj;Jld; jbfspdhy;> ftrq;fspdhy;> fz;zPh;Gifapdhy; > ug;gh ; Njhl;lhf;fspdhy; my;yJ cz;ikahdNjhl;lhf;fspdhy; jhf;fg;glyhk;. ePq;fs; rdf; $l;lj;jpDs; mfg;gl;Lf;nfhz;lhy; mjpypUe;J ntspapy; cs;s cq;fs; ez;gh;fisAk;>ghJfhg;ghd ,lj;ijAk; nrd;wiltJ fbdk;.

Kd; $l;bNa jpl;lkply;Xh; vjph;g;Gf; $l;lj;jpidf; Fwpj;J jpl;lkpLk; NghJ> $l;lj;jpd;

nraw;ghl;bidf; Fwpj;Jk;> ghJfhg;G topfisf; Fwpj;Jk; mwpe;Jitj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. mt;tplj;jpw;F Kd; $l;bNa nrd;W jg;gpr;nry;yf; $ba topfis Nehl;lkpLq;fs; Xh; ,dj;ijr; rhh;e;j my;yJkjj;ijr; rhh;e;jth;fs; vq;F tho;fpwhh;fs; vd;gjid mwpe;Jitj;jpUj;jy;> ePq;fs; jg;gpg;gjw;F cjtpaha; ,Uf;Fk;.

cq;fsJ FO gphpe;J nrd;why;> re;jpg;G ];jyq;fisAk;> Neuj;ijAk;$Lkhdhy; Neubj; njhlh;Gk; nfhz;bUq;fs;.

Clf milahs ml;ilapid itj;jpUq;fs;. ,J Njitaw;wgpur;rpidia cUthf;Fk; vd ePq;fs; vz;zpdhy; khj;jpuk; mijkiwj;J itAq;fs;.

Xh; ifalf;fj; njhiyNgrpia cq;fs; trk; itj;jpUq;fs;. mij,yFthf miog;ig Vw;gLj;jf; $ba tpjj;jpy; jahh;g;gLj;Jq;fs;.

fz;zPH;g; Gifapd; mghak; fhzg;gl;lhy;> Xh; eide;j JzpiaAk;>jz;zPiuAk; itj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. KfTiu xd;wpid cq;fshy;nfhz;L nry;y Kbahtpl;lhy;> ghjpf;fg;gl;l ,lj;jpy; mhpg;Gj;

capiu ghJfhj;Jf;capiu ghJfhj;Jf;capiu ghJfhj;Jf;capiu ghJfhj;Jf;capiu ghJfhj;Jf;nfhs;tjw;fhd MNyhridfs;nfhs;tjw;fhd MNyhridfs;nfhs;tjw;fhd MNyhridfs;nfhs;tjw;fhd MNyhridfs;nfhs;tjw;fhd MNyhridfs;

Clf milahs ml;iliavLj;Jr; nry;yTk;. MdhYk;ghJfhg;ghd re;jh;g;gj;jpy;kl ;Lk ; mjidf; fhz;-gpAq;fs;.

cq ;fSila ifalf ;fnjhiyNgrpia> mtru,yf;fq;fis cldbahfmiof;ff; $ba tpjj;jpy;jahh ; epiyapy; itj;Jf;nfhs;sTk;.

fz;zPh; Gif tUk; jpirf;Fvjph; jpirapy; ,Uf;fTk;.

<ukhd Jtha; xd;W> ePh ;kw ;Wk ; r py vYkpr ;irtifiar; rhh;e;j fha;fisvLj;Jr; nry;yTk;.

ghJfhg;Gf; fz;zhb mzp-tJ njhlh ;ghff ; ftdk;nrYj;jTk;.

MAjq;fis cgNahfpg;-gjw;fhd ,lk; ,Ue;jhy;ghJfhg;G cilfs; mzptJnjhlh;ghff; ftdk; nrYj;-jTk;.

KjYjtpg ; nghUl;fisvLj;Jr; nry;yTk;. mtw;-wpid cgNahfpf;Fk; Kiwgw;wp fw;Wf; nfhs;sTk;.

,aw;ifahd gl;Lj; Jzp-fshy; ijf;fg;gl;l ,yFthdMilfis mzpaTk;.

Njhs;> fhy;fs; kw;Wk; fOj;ijkiwj;Jf; nfhs;sTk;.

ehnshd;wpw;Fj; NjitahdczT kw;Wk; ePiu vLj;Jr;nry;yTk;.

4040404040


jd;ikapid Fiwf;f Njrpf;fha; my;yJ Njhlk;gor; rhhpidg;Gopayhk;.

cq;fs; kPJ neUg;Gg; gpbj;Jf; nfhz;lhy; mjid mizg;gjw;FVjhtJ ePq;fs; nfhz;L nry;y Ntz;Lk;.

fz;zPh;g; Gif ghtpf;fg;gLk; ,lq;fspy; fz;fisg; ghJfhf;fNtz;Lk;. ePr;ry; fz;zhbfs; my;yJ njhopw;rhiy fz;zhbfs;,jw;Fg; nghUe;Jk;.

Jtf;F Nghd;w MAjq;fs; ghtpf;fg;gl;lhy;> Aj;jr; #o;epiyapy;ghtpj;j Milfis mzpAq;fs;.

Kjy; cjtpg; nghUl;fis vLj;Jr; nry;Yq;fs;. mf; fUtpfisvt;thW ghtpg;gnjd;W mwpe;J nfhs;Sq;fs;.

fhw;Nwhl;lkhd> ,yFtpy; jPg;gw;wpf; nfhs;shj MilfismzpAq;fs;. if> fhy; kw;Wk; fOj;ij kiwf;Fk; MilfismzpAq;fs;. ,it cq;fs; clk;gpy; fz;zPh; Gif Vw;gLj;Jk;.mhpg;gpidf; Fiwf;f cTjTk;.

XU ehSf;Fhpa czT> FbePh; vd;gtw;iwf; nfhz;L nry;Yq;fs;.

];jyg;gLj;jy;

fkuhf;fisAk;> nra;jpahsh;fisAk; vt;thW KO rk;gtj;ijAk;ghh;f;ff; $ba ,lj;jpy; ];jyg;gLj;JtJ vd;gjid jpl;lkpLq;fs;.mt;tplj;jpypUe;J ntspNaw gy thapy;fs; fhzg;gl Ntz;Lk;. glk;gpbg;gjhftpUe;jhy; ePq;fs; $l;lj;jpDs; nrd;W glk;gpbg;gJrhj;jpag;glhJ. nra;jpahsuhftpUe;jhy; ePq;fs; ,Uf;Fk; ,lj;jpy;rk;gtk; njspthfj; njd;gl;L> rg;jKk; njspthff; Nfl;lhy; ePq;fs;$l;lj;jpDs; nry;y Ntz;ba mtrpakpy;iy. ePq;fs; mq;fj;jpdUld;rk;gtj;jpd; Kd; my;yJ gpd; Neh;fhziy Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhs;syhk;.Mdhy; KOr; rk;gtj;jpdJk; glk; jw;NghJ cq;fSf;Fj;Njitg;glyhk;.

rk;gtj;jpd; NghJ

ePq;fs; xU FOtpd; mq;fj;jth; vd;why;> mf;FOTld; Nrh;e;Jxj;JioAq;fs;. xd;whf ,Uq;fs; my;yJ ed;whf tpyfpr; nry;Yq;fs;.,ad;wsT Neuj;NjhL gpd;thq;Fq;fs;. gpd;thq;Fjiy fhyjhkjk;nra;af; $lhJ. ePq;fs; jdpeguhf Ntiy nra;jhy;> ahUldhtJnjhlh;gpid itj;jpUq;fs;. cq;fs; ifalf;fj; njhiyNgrpia

Nkhjy; gpuNjrk; xd;wpy;Nkhjy; gpuNjrk; xd;wpy;Nkhjy; gpuNjrk; xd;wpy;Nkhjy; gpuNjrk; xd;wpy;Nkhjy; gpuNjrk; xd;wpy;

Njitf ;F mjpfkhfjd;dk;gpf;ifia itj;Jf;nfhs;shjPh;fs;

cq;fSila tiuaiwf;Fkjpg;gspf;fTk;.

cq;fSila jPh ;khdq;-fspd ; nghWg ;Gf ;fisvLj;Jf; nfhs;sTk;.

ve;jnthU re;jh;g;gj;jpYk;MAjk; xd;wpiz vLj;Jr;nry;yhjPh;fs;.

Rj;jkhf ,Uf;fTk;.

cq;fsJ vz;zq;fiscah ;thf itj ;Jf ;nfhs;sTk;.

nry; ntbfs; ntbf;Fk;,lq;fSf;F msTf;Fmjpfkhf neUq;fhjPh;fs;.

gpwh; nra;Ak; tplaq;fSf;Fmtjhdk; nrYj;jTk;.

Nkhjy; Qhgfr; rpd;dq;-fis nghWf;fp vLf;fhjPh;-fs;. mit ntbg;gjw;F,lk; cz;L.

NkNy nry;tJ fPNo tuf;$baJ.

kfpo ;r ;r pf ;fhf NkNyitf;Fk; ntbfspy; ,Ue;JghJfhg;ghf ,Uf;fTk;.

4141414141


mjw;fhfj; jahh;g;gLj;jpf; nfhs;Sq;fs;.

ntspNaWk; thapy;fs;> Kf;fpa ,lq;fs;> ghJfhg;Gg; gil ,lq;fs;>kw;Wk; mz;ikapypUf;Fk; itj;jparhiy vd;gtw;iw Qhgfj;jpy;itj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;.

glk; gpbg;git mgfhpf;fg;gLk; vd vz;zpdhy;> ePq;fs; glk;gpbj;j clNdNa mtw;iw kiwj;J tpLq;fs;. ePq;fs; "b[ply;"cgfuzq;fs; ghtpg;gjha; ,Ue;jhy;> Nghyp tl;nlhd;wpid itj;jpUe;J>cq;fis ahUk; ifaspf;FkhW Nfl;lhy; mjidf; nfhLq;fs;. Mgj;Jmjpfkhd rk;gtq;fspy;> ,d;DnkhU glg;gpbg;ghsUld; ,ize;Jnfhs;Sq;fs;> ,J ePq;fs; xUtiu xUth; mtjhdpj;Jf; nfhs;scjTk;. ePq;fs; Nghl;bf;fhuuhf ,Uf;fyhk;. MdhYk; ePq;fs; njhopy;rpNefpjh;fs;.

jdp glg;gpbg;ghsuhf my;yJ nra;jpahsuhff; flikahw;wpdhy;>ePq;fs; vg;NghJ $l;lj;jpdhy; mtjhdpf;fg;gLfpwPh;fs; vd;gjidmwpe;jpUq;fs;. $l;lk; vjph;g;Gj; njhptpf;fhj NghJ $l ePq;fs;Mgj;jpypUf;fyhk;. NtnwhUtUk; Vw;fdNt ehl;by; glj;jpidvLg;gjw;fha; Njitaw;w fhhpaq;fspy; <LglhjPH;fs;.

rk;gtj;jpd; gpw;ghL

nra;jp miwapy; cq;fs; mDgtj;ij gfph;e;J nfhs;Sq;fs;. ,JkWKiwf;F cjTk;.

cq;fs; nra;jpapd; cz;ikj; jd;ikapid ghJfhj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;.cq;fs; ehl;by; ghJfhg;Gg; gilapdh; glj;jpid my;yJ tPbNahglj;jpidf; NfhUtJ rk;ge;jkhd rl;lk; ahJ? ePq;fs; Ntiy nra;Ak;ehl;bd; gpuNjrj;jpd; rl;lq;fisf; Fwpj;J mwpe;jpUj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.cq;fs; nra;jp epWtdj;jpd; nfhs;if ahJ? ehl;bDs; nra;jpapidg;ghJfhf;f KbAkh? my;yJ ehl;bw;F ntspNa ,Uf;Fk; VjhtJKiwikapdhy; nra;jpapid ghJfhf;f KbAkh? fytuq;fspd; my;yJvjph;g;Gf; $l;lq;fspd; gpw;ghL nghyprhh; cq;fs; nra;jpfisMuha;tjw ;F ,lkspf ;fg ;gl ;lhy; > mJ gy Mgj;Jf ;fistpistpf;fyhk;. fytuj;jpy; <LgLgth;fs; cq;fis mj;jhl;rpNrfhpf;Fk; xUtuhf Nehf;fpdhy; mJ cq;fSf;F Mgj;J.

4242424242


,uhZt mjpfhhpfs;%yk; Gifg;glClftpayhshpd;Gifg;glf;fUtpapypUe;JGifg;glr; RUisntspapy; ,Oj;Jg;Nghl;ljd; gpd;dh;.

glg;gpbg;G :glg;gpbg;G :glg;gpbg;G :glg;gpbg;G :glg;gpbg;G :mDUj;jmDUj;jmDUj;jmDUj;jmDUj;jnyhf;F`g;GMuhr;rpnyhf;F`g;GMuhr;rpnyhf;F`g;GMuhr;rpnyhf;F`g;GMuhr;rpnyhf;F`g;GMuhr;rp

4343434343


KjyhtJ rk;gtk; 1987Muk;g fhyj;jpy; "Njrpa rkhjhdKd;dzp vd;w kj mikg;gpd;mikjpahd Mh;ghl;lj;jpidMtzk; nra;Jnfhz;bUf;ifapy; %d;Wnghyp]; mjpfhhpfs; vd;idr;Rw;wp tisj;Jf; nfhz;LGifg;gl RUis vd;idf;nfhz;L gyte;jkhfvLj;jikahFk;."

,uz;lhtJ rk;gtk; 1987[{iy khjk; 27k; jpfjp ,e;jpa,yq;if cld;gbf;iff;FKjyhtJ Mh;g;ghl;lk;Gwf;Nfhl;il kw;Wk;kUjhidapy; eilngw;w NghJGifg;glk; vLj;j re;jh;g;gj;jpy;kUjhid nghyprhhpdhy;fyff;fhuh; vd fUjg;gl;L ,UGifg;gl fUtpfSld; ifJnra;ag;gl;likahFk;.

,U Gifg;gl fUtpfSk;kw;Wk; mjDs; ,Ue;j Gifg;glRUs;fs; ,uz;Lk; nghyprhh;ifapy; mfg;gl;L nfhz;lJ.

=ae;j ty;nghy=ae;j ty;nghy=ae;j ty;nghy=ae;j ty;nghy=ae;j ty;nghyGifg;glGifg;glGifg;glGifg;glGifg;glClftpayhsh;Clftpayhsh;Clftpayhsh;Clftpayhsh;Clftpayhsh;- j ,e;J- j ,e;J- j ,e;J- j ,e;J- j ,e;J

45 Mk; gf;fk;45 Mk; gf;fk;45 Mk; gf;fk;45 Mk; gf;fk;45 Mk; gf;fk;

gaq;futhj jhf;Fjy;fs;

Clftpayhsh;fSk; nghJ kf;fisg; Nghd;Nw gaq;futhjj;jhf;Fjypd; NghJ Mgj;jpid vjph;Nehf;Ffpd;wdh;. ,jw;F Nky; ClfmYtyfq;fs; kw;Wk; Copah;fs; Neubahff; Fwpitf;fg;gl;L Jg;ghf;fpr;#l;bw;Fk; kw;Wk; Fz;LfSf;Fk; cs;shf;fg;gLk; NghJ> Mgj;Jmjpfhpf;fpd;wJ. nfhiy my;yJ Fz;Lj; jhf;Fjy; ,lk; ngWk;,lj;jpw;F tp[ak; nra;jYk; Mgj;jpidf; nfhz;L tUk;. Nrhfj;jpy;,Uf;Fk; $l;lk; glg;gpbg;ghsh;fs; kPJ Nfhgg;gl;L> my;yJ jhf;Fjw;fhuh;fspd; milahsj;ij kiwf;Fk; nghUl;Lj; jhf;fyhk;. rpyNtiyfspy; Xh; rk;gtj;jpid cUthf;fp mjdhy; mq;F tUk;nghyprhiuAk;> ,uhZtj;jpdiuAk; Nehf;fp jhf;Fjy; ,lk; ngwyhk;.xU Fz;bid ntbf;f itj;J> mjd; %yk; ghJfhg;Gg; gilapdiututioj;J> mjd; gpd;dh; xU nghpa Fz;L ntbf;f itf;fg;glyhk;.,jdhy; nghyprhh;> Clftpayhsh;fs;> itj;jpah;fs; midtUNk,uz;lhk; Kiw Fz;Lj; jhf;Fjy;fspdhy; Mgj;jpw;Fs;shfpd;wdh;.

4444444444


1999 brk;gh; khjk; 11Mk; jpfjp nkf;rpNfh efhpy; eilngw;wMh;g;ghl;lnkhd;wpid glk; gpbj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;ifapy; Rje;jpu

Gifg;glg;gpbg;ghsuhd [{ Md; f];l;bNyh fyfj; jLg;Gg; nghyprhhpd;jhf;FjYf;fpyf;fhdJld; mthpd; Gifg;gl cgfuzq;fSk; gwpf;fg;gl;ld.

Fiwe;j gl;rk; %d;W Gifg;glg;gpbg;ghsh;fshtJ ,j; jhf;Fjypy;fhakile;jdh;.

glk;glk;glk;glk;glk; ( ( ( ( ( AP/ David de la Paz

mth;fs; Gifg;glf; fUtpfs;,uz;ilAk; vLj;Jf; nfhz;lgpd;dh; Culq;Fr; rl;lj;jpidkPwpa Fw;wj;jpw;fhf vd; kPJtof;F njhlug;gl;Ltpsf;fkwpaypy; itf;fg;gl;Nld;.

ehd; ifJ nra;ag;gl;lre;jh;g;gj;jpy; Culq;Fr; rl;lk;gpwg;gpf;fg;gl;L ,Uf;ftpy;iy.,t; Muk;g mDgtq;fs;,uz;Lk; rk;gtq;fisg; gjpTnra;jypd; nghOJ GjpatpjpKiwfs; kw;Wk; njhopy;El;gEZf;f Kiwfspy; ,Ue;J ehd;J}z;lg;gl;Nld;.

Nkhjy;fs; mjpfhpf;Fk;rhpahd ,lq;fs; njhlh;ghf rpwe;jtpsf;fj;Jld; ,Uj;jy;> mjw;fhfnjhiyJ}u Gifg;glk; vLj;jy;Nghd;wtw;iw mUfpy; itj;Jf;nfhs;sy;> ghJfhg;GmjpfhhpfSf;F ,ilapy;,Ug;gij jtph;j;Jf; nfhs;sy;>ghJfhg;G mjpfhhpfSf;Fnjhe;juTfis Vw;gLj;jTk;> ifJnra;ag;gLtjw;Fk; Vw;w tpjj;jpy;mz;ika J}uj;jpy;,y;yhjpUj;jy;. Ch;tyq;fs;>vjph;g;Gg; ghj ahj;jpiufs;Nghd;witfspd; gq;Fjhuh;my;yhky; Gifg;gl Clff;fz;fhzpg;ghsuhf ,Uj;jy;>Nkhjnyhd;wpd; rk;gtnkhd;wpy;vdJ gj;jphpiff;Fj; NjitahdmsT Gifg;glq;fs; gjpTnra;ag;gl;ljd; gpd;dh;mt;tplj;jpy; ,Wjp jUzk; tiujq;fpapUf;fhJ ,Uj;jy;>,ad;wsT Ntfj;jpy;mt;tplj;jpy; ,Ue;J tpyfpr;nry;yy; Nghd;wit mtw;wpy;rpythFk;. ,t;thwhd ghJfhg;GcghaKiwfs; fhuzkhff;Fz;Lfspy; ,Ue;J ehd;ghJfhf;fg;gl;l re;jh;g;gq;fs;mjpfkhFk;.

44 Mk; gf;fj;jpypUe;J44 Mk; gf;fj;jpypUe;J44 Mk; gf;fj;jpypUe;J44 Mk; gf;fj;jpypUe;J44 Mk; gf;fj;jpypUe;J

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Clf Rje;jpuKk; caph; tho;tjw;fhdchpikAk; - Rde;j Njrg;gphpa

thfdj;jpy; ehq;fs; ehy;tNu ,Ue;Njhk;. ehd; cl;gl N[h;kd;ehl ;ilr ; Nrh ;e ;j ,U Clftpayhsh ;fs ; kw ;Wk ; Clfnraw;ghl;lhsnuhUth;. mg;nghOJ ehd; thu ,Wjpapy; gpuRukhFk;

khw;Wf; fUj;Jf;fis nfhz;l gj;jphpifahd 'Af;jpa" gj;jphpifapd;Mrphpauhf flikahw;wpf; nfhz;bUe;Njd;.

mJ 1995 Mk; Mz;L etk;gh; khjkhFk;. murhq;fk; aho;g;ghzj;jpy;

,uhZt eltbf;iffis Muk;gpj;jpUe;jJ. 1994 Mk; Mz;LMuk;gj;jpy; murhq;fj;jpw;Fk; kw;Wk;> tpLjiyg; Gypfs; ,af;fj;jpw;Fk;,ilapy; Muk;gkhd rkhjhdg; Ngr;Rthh;j;ijfs; Kwptile;J ,U

jug;gpdUk; ghhpastpyhd Aj;jnkhd;wpw;F jahuhfpf; nfhz;bUe;jdh;.mg;nghOJ aho;g;ghzk; tpLjiyg; Gypfs; ,af;fj;jpd; fl;Lg;ghl;bd;fPo; ,Ue;jJ. kPz;Lk; aho;g;ghzj;jpd; gyj;ij ifg;gw;wpf; nfhs;tNjmurhq;fj;jpd; ,yf;fhf ,Ue;jJ.

,tw;Wf;fpilapy; ,yq;ifapy; rkhjhdk; kw;Wk; ey;yhl;rpnjhlh;ghff; fhprid nfhz;l mur rhh;gw;w epWtdq;fspd;$l;likg;nghd;wpd; tUlhe;j kfhehnlhd;W nge;ju N`hl;lypy;

Nkw;nfhs;tjw;F Vw;ghL nra;ag;gl;bUe;jJ. mk; khehl;bw;F gyntspehl;lth;fSk; tUif je;jpUe;jdh;. vt;thwhapDk; tplaj;ijjtwhf tpsq;fpf; nfhz;l egh;fspdhy; ehl;by; Nth; tpl;Lf; nfhz;bUe;j

Aj;j #oypd; fPo; mk; khehl;bw;F vjpuhf Mh;g;ghl;lq;fs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ld. khehl;bid elj;j Kbahjstpw;F gpuNjrj;jpy;Fz;lh;fs; J}z;lg;gl;Lf; nfhz;bUe;jdh;.

khehl ;by ; fye ;J nfhs ;gth ;fs ; ,dj ; JNuhf pfshfrpj;jhpf;fg;gl;ldh;. fyff;fhuh;fSf;F murpay; hPjpapyhd fl;lisfs;fpilf;fg; ngWtjhfTk; njhpaf; $bajha; ,Ue;jJ. mur Clfk;

khehl;Lf;F vjpuhd Mh;g;ghl;lj;jpd; firabf;fhuh;fshf ,Ue;jJ.

ehk; ehy;tUk; mt; Mh;g;ghl;lj;jpid gjpT nra;tjw;fhf mq;Fnrd;W nfhz;bUe;Njhk;. ehk; Clftpayhsh;fs; vd;gjdhy; vkf;Fghjpg;Gf;fs; Vw;glhnjdf; fUjpNdhk;. vkJ thfdk; N`hl;ly; g+kpia

neUq;fpa NghJ N`hl;lYf;F mUfpy; FOkpapUe;jth;fs; fyfj;jpy;<Lgl Muk;gpj;jdh;. thfdj;jpy; ntspehl;lth;fs; ,Ue;jikapdhy;epiyik NkYk; Nkhrkile;jJ. N`hl;lypy; fhtyhsh;fs;

,y;yhjpUg;gpd; Fz;lh;fs; N`hl;lypw;Fs; Eiotjw;F tha;g;gpUe;jJ.

md;iwa jpdk; mjph;\;l-trkhf ehk; caph; jg;gpNdhk;.gy fhuzq;fs; xd;wpize;-jikahy ; r py Ntismd ;iwa j pdk ; g h h paMgj;jpw;F Kfk; nfhLg;gjw;Ftha;g;gpUe;jJ. vt;thwhapDk;md;iwa jpdk; jhf;FjYf;-Fs;shdjhy; epue ;jukhdKJF typnahd;W vdf;Fchpj;jhdJ.

Clftpayhsh;fspd; caph;ghJfhg;G njhlh;ghd rh;tNjrtopfhl;ly;fis thrpg;gjw;Fvdf;F re;jh;g;gk; fpilj;jnghOJ ehd; tpsq ;f pf ;nfhz;ljhtJ : Mgj;jhd#o;epiy xd;W tUtjw;FKd; kpff; ftdj;Jld; Nkw;-nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;ba ghJ-fhg;G eltbf;iffs; ,Uf;fpd;-wd vd;gjhFk;. Mgj;jhd#o ; e piya py ; njho py ;flikapy; <Lgl;Lf; nfhz;-bUf;ifapy; caph; ghJfhg;Gnjhlh;ghf tpsf;fk; ,Ue;jpUg;-gpd; vkf;F mf; Fz;lh;fsplk;mfg ;gl ;Lf ; nfhs;shky;,Ug;gjw ;F tha;g ;Gf ;fs;,Ue;jpUf;Fk;.

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,e; epiyikapid nghyprhUf;F mwptpj;jjd; gpd;dh; vkf;Fg;ghJfhg;ghf jpUk;gpr; nry;y KbAk; vd MNyhrid fpilj;jJ.

mt;thwhapDk; jpUk;gp te;j vkJ thfdj;ijg; gpd; njhlh;e;J nfhz;LFz;lh;fs; Nfh\nkOg;gpf; nfhz;L vk;ikj; Juj;jp te;jdh;. mth;fs;ehd; 'Af;jpa" gj;jphifapd; Mrphpah; vd;gjid ,dq;fz;L nfhz;ldh;.

'Af;jpa" gj;jphpif Aj;jj;jpw;F vjpuhd epiyg;ghl;il nfhz;lnthUgj;jphpifahFk;.

Jujp\;ltrkhf ePz;l J}uk; nry;tjw;F Kd;dh; Gifapujf;flitia %bapUe;j fjT vkJ tz;bia epWj;jpaJ. Nfh\q;fis

vOg;gpf; nfhz;L vk;ikg; gpd; njhlh;e;J te;j Nghiu Mjhpf;Fk;Fz;lh;fs; vkJ thfdj;jpd; fjtpid gyte;jkhfj; jpwe;jdh;.thfdj;jpd; Kd; Gwf; fz;zhb J}shFk; tiu mbj;J nehWf;fpdh;.

xU fzg;nghOjpy; eLtPjpapy; ,Ue;j Fz;lh;fSf;F kj;jpapy; ehd;mfg;gl;Lf; nfhz;Nld;. vd;id ntspapy; ,Oj;njLj;J ehyh gf;fKk;,Ue;J vd; kPJ jhf;Fjy; elj;j Muk;gpj;jdh;.

vkJ thfdk; ghynkhd;wpd; kPNj epWj;jg;gl;lJ. jhf;FjYf;F,yf;fhfpa vd;idj; J}f;fp Mw;wpy; NghLtjw;F Fz;lh;fs; Kaw;rpnra;ifapy; uapy; flit fjT jpwf;fg;gl;lJ. N[h;kd; ehl;ilr;

Nrh;e;j ,UtUk; thfdj;jpy; njhq;fpf; nfhz;bUe;jdh;. mth;fs; ,UtUk;ghhpa jhf;FjYf;F ,yf;fhfpapUe;jdh;. vdJ kw;iwa rfhTf;Fk;vdf;F Neh;e;j fjpNa Neh;e;jpUe;jJ.

md;iwa jpdk; mjph;\;ltrkhf ehk; caph; jg;gpNdhk;. gy

fhuzq;fs; xd;wpize;j fhuzj;jpdhy; rpy Ntis md;iwa jpdk;ghhpa Mgj;jpw;F Kfk; nfhLg;gjw;F tha;g;gpUe;jJ. vt;thwhapDk;md;W jhf;FjYf;Fs;shdjhy; epue;jukhd KJF typnahd;W vdf;F

chpj;jhdJ.

Clftpayhsh;fspd; caph;g; ghJfhg;G njhlh;ghd rh;tNjrtopfhl;ly;fis thrpg;gjw;F vdf;F re;jh;g;gk; fpilj;j nghOJ

Mgj;jhd #o;epiy xd;W tUtjw;F Kd; kpff; ftdj;Jld;Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;ba ghJfhg;G eltbf;iffs; ,Uf;fpd;wd vd;Wehd; tpsq;fpf; nfhz;Nld;. Mgj;jhd #o;epiyapy; njhopy; GhpAk;

NghJ caph;g; ghJfhg;G njhlh;ghf tpsf;fk; ,Ue;jpUg;gpd; vkf;Fmf; Fz;lh;fsplk; rpf;fhky; ,Ug;gjw;F tha;g;Gf;fs; ,Ue;jpUf;Fk;.rpy Ntisfspy; tho;f;ifia ghJfhj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;fhtJ mt;thwhd

ghJfhg;G eltbf;iffis Nkw;nfhs;tjw;F re;jh;g;gkpUe;jJ. Mdhy;vk;kpy; ahUf;Fk; mt;thwhd tpsf;fk; ,Uf;ftpy;iy.

fle;j fhyq;fspy; rl;lj;jij ifapy; vLj;Jf; nfhz;l Fz;lh;

Nfh\;bfs; %yk; Clftpayhsh;fs; kPJ jhf;Fjy;fis elj;jTk;>mr;RWj;jy;fis Nkw;nfhs;sTk; mth;fspd; Gifg;glf; fUtpfspy;

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gjpT nra;ag;gl;l fhl;rpfis gyte;jkhf mopj;J tpLjy; njhlh;ghdrk;gtq;fs; gy re;jh;g;gq;fspy; gjpthfp ,Ue;jd.

Clftpayhsh;fshfpa ehk; vkJ njhopiy ,ad;wsT

rpwe;jjhfTk; JhpjkhfTk; nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;. mNj Nghy; vkf;Fg;gy re;jh;g;gq;fspy; Mgj;jhd #o;epiyfSf;F kj;jpapy; jfty;fisNjLtjw;Fk; kw;Wk; gjpT nra;tjw;Fk; NehpLk;. VjhtnjhU rk;gtj;jpid

gjpT nra;a Ntz;b Vw;gbd; my;yJ fl;lisg; gzp gpwg;gpf;fg;gl;lTld;mJ Mgj;jhdjh ,y;iyah vd;gJ gw;wp ehk; nghpjhff; ftdk;vLg;gjpy;iy.

mJ Aj;j g+kpapy; ,Ue;J gjpT nra;jNyh my;yJ Fz;L ntbg;Gxd;whfTk; ,Uf;fyhk;. fyff;fhuf; $l;lk; xd;whfTk; ,Uf;fyhk;.mikjpahf Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; Mh;g;ghl;lk; xd;wpd; kPjhd nghyp];

jhf;FjyhfTk; ,Uf;fyhk;. MAjjhhpf ; FOf;fs; xd;wpd;Mjpgj;jpaj;jpw;fhf jhf;Fjy; elj;jg;gl;Lf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; gpuNjrj;jpy;,lk;ngWk; kh;kkhd nfhiyfisg; gjpT nra;tjhfTk; ,Uf;fyhk;.

nghJj; Njh;jy; xd;wpd; NghJ ,lk;ngWk; td;Kiwiag; gjpTnra;tjhfTk; ,Uf;fyhk;.

1999 Mk; Mz;L [{iy khjk;15Mk; jpfjp vjph;f;fl;rpapd;

vjph;g;G Mh;g;ghl;lnkhd;wpidnra;jp Nrfhpf;fr; nrd;w Gifg;gl

Clftpayhsh;fs; [dhjpgjpghJfhg;G gphptpdh; %yk;

jhf;fg;gl;L Gifg;glcgfuzq;fSk; gwpf;fg;gl;ld.

mt; jhf;Fjiy jkJ gifg;glf;fUtpapy; gjpT nra;J

nfhs;tjw;F "uhta" gj;jphpifapd;m[pj; nrdtpul;dtpw;F kl;LNk

Kbe;jJ. NkNy fhl;lg;gLtJmg; Gifg;glkhFk;.

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,t;thwhd midj;Jr; re;jh;g;gq;fspYk; ,yq;ifapy; ehk;nra;jpfisg; gjpT nra;a NehpLk;. ehk; mt;thwhd re;jh;g;gj;ij

jl;bf; fopf;f KbahJ. mt;thW nra;ag;gbd; kf;fSf;fhfj;jfty;fis ngw;Wf; nfhLf;Fk; nghWg;gpy; ,Ue;J ehk; tpyfpf;nfhs;tjhf mikAk;.

kWGwj;jpy; vkJ murpay; kw;Wk; r%fr; #oYk; Jujp\;l trkhf

td;Kiwia Nehf;fp khwpf; nfhz;L ,Uf;fpd;wJ. mjd; %yk; epiyikNkYk; NkhrkilAk; mlhtbj; jdq;fSf;F ,irthd murpay;thjpfs;rl;lj;ij ftdj;jpy; nfhs;shJ Fog;gq;fis Vw;gLj;Jk; r%f

FOf;fSk; fle;j fhyq;fspy; Clftpayhsh;fSf;F vjpuhftd;Kiwiag; gpuNahfpj;jdh;. kpfTk; Nkhrkhd epiyikahdJmt;thwhd egh;fs; gy re;jh;g;gq;fspy; nghyprhh; gy topfs; %yk;

jd; gf;fk; rhh;e;J nfhs;sr; nra;jikahFk;. 1990k; Mz;by;Clftpayhsh; hp;r;rl; b nrha;rh flj;jpr; nry;yg;gl;L nfhiynra;ag;gl;l NghJ mJ KO r%fj;jpidAk; mjph;r;rpf;F cs;shf;fpaJ.

mr;rk;gtk; ,yq;ifapy; Clfj;Jiw kPjhd Clftpayhsh;fisnfhiy nra;jy; vd;gjhFk; vd;w fUj;J cyfk; KOtJk;gpurpj;jkhdJ. mg;nghOJ ehl;bw;Fs;Sk; ghhpa vjph;g;Gf;fs;

njhptpf;fg;gl;ld. MdhYk; mjd; gpd;dh; ,e;ehl;by; gyClftpayhsUf;F jkJ njhopy; fhuzkhf capiu mh;g;gzpf;fNehpl;lJ.

hpr;rl; b nrha;rhtpw;Fg; gpd;dh; kpfg; gpugy;akhd gLnfhiy.'rld (Satana)" gj;jphpifapd; Mrphpauhd Nuh`d Fkhutpd; gLnfhiyMFk;. mjd; gpd;dh; epkyuh[d; nfhiy nra;ag;gl;lhh;. aho;g;ghzj;jpy;

epkyuh[d; nfhiy nra;ag;gl;l gpd;dh; kl;lf;fsg;gpy; eNlrd; nfhiynra;ag;gl;lhh;. me;jstpw;F gpurpj;jk; milahj MdhYk; gyClftpayhsh;fs; fle;j fhyq;fspy; jkJ njhopy; epkpj;jk; caphpof;f

Nehpl ;lJ. uNk\; Fkhh ; > ghyeluh[h Nghd;w NkYk; gyClftpayhsh;fs; gLnfhiy nra;ag;gl;ldh;.

Clftpayhsh; hpr;rl; b nrha;rhtpd; gLnfhiyapidg; Nghy;ghhpa tpisTfis Vw;gLj;jf; $ba Clftpayhsh; rptuhkpd;

gLnfhiyAk; vk; Kd; cs;sJ. 2005 Vg;uy; 28Mk; jpfjp ,uTflj;jpr; nry;yg;gl;l rptuhk; md;wpuNt nfhiy nra;ag;gl;lhh;. rptuhk;njhlh;r;rpahf mr;RWj;jYf;F ,yf;fhfpapUe;j Xh; Clftpayhsuhthh;.

mtUf;F murhq;fj;jplkpUe;Jk; MAj ghzpfshd murpay;FOf;fsplkpUe;Jk; mr;RWj;jy;fs; ,Ue;jd.

mth; ,uT 10.30 kzpastpNy flj;jpr; nry;yg;gl;lhh;. mr;

re;jh;g;gj;jpy; mth; jdpahfNt ,Ue;jhh;. jkJ ifalf;fj;njhiyNgrpf;F fpilj;j miog;igaLj;J jkJ ez;gnuhUthplkpUe;Jrw;Wj; njhiytpw;Fr; nrd;Ws;shh;. mr;re;jh;g;gj;jpNy mth;

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flj;jg;gl;lhh;.

ez;gNuhL ,Uf;ifapy; flj;jg;gl;likahy; mJ mk;gykhfpaJ.rpy rkak; ,UtUlNdh my;yJ %tUlNdh xd;whf ,Ue;jpUe;jhy;

flj;jiy jw;fhypfkhfNtDk; jLj;jpUf;f KbAk;.

Mdhy; ,g; gLnfhiyfs; njhlh;ghf rhpahd tprhuizfs;elj;jg;gl;L Fw;wthspfSf;Fj; jz;lidfisg; ngw;Wf; nfhLg;gjw;F

,Jtiuapy; ve;jnthU murhq;fKk; eltbf;iffis vLf;ftpy;iy.

epkyuh[d; gLnfhiy nra;ag;gLtjw;F Kd;dh; ghJfhg;Geltbf;ififs vLf;f Ntz;bastpw;F mtUf;F mr;RWj;jy;fs;

tpLf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ. mt;thwhd ghJfhg;G eltbf;iffis Nkw;nfhs;sy;Nfhioj;jdk; vd mth; epidj;jpUf;fyhk;. rhjhuzkhf ruskhdtho;f;ifia tho;e;j mtUf;F mt;thwhd tho;f;if Kiwf;F

khWtjw;F kdk; ,lkspf;fhJ ,Ue;jpUf;ff; $Lk;. mf; ftdaPdk;fhuzkhf jkJ capiuNa ,of;f Nehpl;lJ. mjd; %yk; jkpo;Clfj; Jiwf;F kuz mb xd;W tpOe;jJ.

1980k; Mz;L Kjy; ,e; ehl;bd; r%f murpay; tho;f;ifapy;>

fl;lha mq;fkhf khwpAs;s MAj hPjpapyhd murpay; vjph;g;Gfisfhl;Ljy; kw;Wk; fyff;fhu murpay; %yk; gy Clftpayhsh;fs;kw;Wk; fyhrhu nraw;ghl;lhsh;fs; gyp nfhs;sg;gl;Ls;sdh;. mth;fs;

gy Nghpd; caph;fs; cah;e;j gl;rk; ghJfhg;G eltbf;if my;yJmtw;iw ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;fhd mwpahik my;yJ ftdkw;w jd;ikfhuzkhfNt nfhiy nra;ag;gl;Ls;sdh;.

rz;Nl yPlh; gj;jphpifap;d; Mrphpah; yre;j tpf;ukJq;f gy jlitNkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l nfhiy Kaw;rpfspypUe;J caph; jg;gpj;Jf; nfhz;l,e;ehl;bd; Kd;dzp Clftpayhsuhthh;. xU jlit mth;

Clftpayhsuhd jdJ kidtpAld; gazpj;j thfdj;ij gyte;jkhfepWj;jpa murpay; Fz;lh;fs; rpyh; mth; kPJ jhf;Fjy; elj;jMuk;gpj;jdh;. mtUila kidtp yre;jtpw;F Kd; gha;e;J jLj;jjd;

fhuzkhf yre;jtpd; caph; fhg;ghw;wg;gl;lJ. vt;thwhapDk;Fz;lh ;fSf;F mjpfsT Neuk; tPjpapy ; ,Uf;f KbahJNghdikapdhYk; mth; md;W fhg;ghw;wg;gl;lhh;. gpd; xU re;jh;g;gj;jpy;

mtUila ,y;yj;jpd; kPJ Jg;ghf;fpr; #Lk; elj;jg;gl;lJ.

mNjNghy; kuz mr;RWj;jYf;Fs;shd mg;NghJ yq;fhjPggj;jphpifapd; gpujp Mrphpauhd Mhpauj;d njhk;gfhtj;ij thu ehl;fismYtyfj;jpy; fopj;J tpl;L thu ,Wjpapy; jdJ tPl;bw;Fr; rh;tNjr

rkhjhd fz;fhzpg;ghsh;fs; ,UtUld; nrd;Ws;shh;. mth;mt;tpUtUld; jq;fpapUe;j fhuzj;jpdhy; Nkyjpfg; ghJfhg;Gfpilj;jJ. murpay; mjpfhuj;jpid ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;fhf Clf

fl;Lg;ghL mtrpak; vd MAjf; fpsh;r;rp ,af;fq;fs; rpe;jpf;fpd;wd.

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[dehaf hPjpahf Kd;dpw;fpd;w rpy murpay; fl;rpfSk; mt;thWClff; fl;Lg;ghl;il itj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;F gy cghaq;fisf;

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jPh;TfSk; fpilf;ftpy;iy.

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nghyp]; if tpl Kbahj nfhLikahfTs;sJ. Clftpayhsh;fs;rk;ge;jg;gl;l tplaj;jpYk; nghyprhh; xU jlitay;y gy jlitfs;,t;thW nraw;gl;Ls;sdh;.

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gb ,k; kz; mfo;jy; tpahghuj;jpid gpuNjrj;jpd; murpay;thjpfs;>nghyp]; kw;Wk; gyk;tha;e;j rl;ltpNuhj tpw;gidahsh;fs; MfpNahUld;,ize;J Nkw;nfhz;lik ghhpa Fw;wkhFk;.

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,lkspf;fhjpUg;gpd; epiyik Nkhrkiltjw;F tha;g;gpUe;jJ.

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Clftpayhsh;fs; FOtpdh; murpay; Mh;g;ghl;lf;fhuh;fs; kj;jpapy;mfg;gl;Lf; nfhz;ldh;. jhk; Clftpayhsh;fs; vdj; jk;ik

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