Clean Energy Future Creating opportunities on the land

Like all markets, the CFI will present Good Deals and Bad Deals

Managing the Risk, Maximising the Opportunity. Greg Butler, SANTFA R&D

The Legend of Eldorado

Biochar as an example of varying risk and revenue outcomes from one process.

Pyrolysis

Pyrolysis

Biochar as Terrestrial Carbon Store

Biochar additions: Effect on biomass production (kg/ha). Pt Kenny, SA 2009

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Nil 1/2 Rate DAP DAP Phos Acid +urea (fluid)

no biochar

biochar

© SANTFA 2009

Biochar additions: Effect on Grain Yield. Streaky Bay, SA 2010

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Biochar and Soil Micro-organisms

Biochar for scrubbing emissions

-  Agricultural soil emissions

-  Industrial emissions

-  Compost

Nitrous Oxide N2O is 300 times higher impact per unit than CO2 over a100 year period. Serious ozone depletion

Denitrification

Influence of Biochar on Nitrous Oxide (N2O) Emissions

Yanai et al (2007).

The production of nitrous oxide from control and bagasse biochar amended soils incubated with and without nitrogen amendment.��� COURTESY OF: ���THE ROLE OF BIOCHAR IN MANAGEMENT OF SUGARCANE RG QUIRK, L VAN ZWIETEN, S KIMBER, A DOWNIE, S MORRIS, A CONNELL, J RUST AND S PETTY

Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment Effect of biochar amendment on yield and methane and nitrous oxide emissions from rice paddy from Tai Lake Plain, China. Authors: Zhang et. al.

Date of Publication: 2010

•  Biochar at 10 t/ha and 40 t/ha increased rice yields by 12% - 14% in unfertilized soils.

•  N2O emissions were reduced by 21% - 28% by 40 t/ha biochar in unfertilized soils. (And reduced by 40% - 51% in N fertilized soil)

•  Overall rice yield was increase and overall GHG liability was decreased in the presence of biochar.

American Society of Agronomy Biochar incorporation into pasture soil suppresses in situ nitrous oxide emissions from ruminant urine patches. Taghizadeh-Toosi et al, 2011 •  Additions 30 t ha－1 of biochar reduced the Nitrous oxide (N2O) emission factor from 15N

labeled ruminant urine patches by 70%.

Journal of Environmental Quality Influence of Biochar on Nitrous Oxide Emission and Nitrogen Leaching from two contrasting Australian soils. Authors: Singh et. al. Date of Publication: 2010 Following 4 wet & dry cycles, additions of biochar reduced Nitrous Oxide (N2O) emissions by 14% - 73% (Alfisol) and 23% - 52% (Vertisol).

Where are the Opportunities?Where are the Risks?

•  Relative CO2e •  ‘Avoided Emission’ v’s ‘Carbon Sequestration’. •  Market: ‘ACCU’ or ‘Kyoto’.

Relative importance of various Carbon Farming activities

Offset  type  and  rela.ve  market  demand    

Rela.ve  Greenhouse  Impact  (CO2e)  

Storage  Liability  

SOC  Stored   ACCU    

1   100  years  

N2O  Avoided   Kyoto    

300   0    ..  with  in  a  7  year  project  

window.  

Relative importance of various Carbon Farming activities

Methane Options Conversion of Methane (CH4) to Carbon dioxide (CO2) ���Methodologies for Flaring now available. Energy is released in the process, most likely as heat however overall the reduction atmospheric warming potential of CO2 is significantly less than CH4 (21x).

Methane Capture and Combustion

Methane Options   Conversion of Methane (CH4) to Carbon dioxide (CO2) ���Generate Renewable Electricity at the same time

Break though Clean Technologies – Farm Scale ���Generate Renewable Electricity from Methane Flare with compact and efficient ‘Waste Heat Engine’, or combust Methane directly in ‘All Fuel Engine’.

Waste Heat Engine: WHE-25 Cyclone ‘All Fuel Engine’: Mark V S-1 Type

16 hp (100hp in prototype) 100 hp (330 hp in prototype) Power “Recycler” “Powerhouse”

Size 18” diameter X 6” height 25 lbs 24” diameter X 26” height

300 lbs Applications Industrial and Mobile Waste Heat

Recovery Generation, Pumps, CH&P, Transportation,

Demand Drivers No practical alternative for low cost, scalable, robust heat recovery engine

No alternative clean-air, fuel-agnostic power supply for vehicles with required high-power density

Primary End Markets

www.ccarbon.com.au

Chicken Litter Options   Conversion of Methane (CH4) to Carbon dioxide (CO2) ���Generate Renewable Electricity at the same time

Chicken Litter Options

www.ccarbon.com.au

Operation of an Ecoremedy® pilot plant began in March of 2008.  The facility was located at Tyson Foods’ feed mill in Fairmount, Georgia. Tyson is America’s largest producer of poultry meat and over the course of eleven months the plant operated 24 hours per day, 5 days per week, racking up over 1,000 hours of testing.  The exclusive fuel source was poultry litter.  Ecoremedy® converted over 500 tons of poultry litter (100% cake out) to 110 psig steam for process use in the feed mill.

SANTFA No-Till Journal, June 2012

Waste Management Renewable Energy Ag Productivity Sequestration Emissions

mFor More Information…

Become a member of the SA No-Till Famers Association���Non-profit community group delivering the best innovative and independent information for farmers.

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www.santfa.com.au (08) 8842 4278

Clean Carbon Pty Ltd Helping Australian farmers to grasp low risk, multiple income CFI opportunities. Australian Agents for:��� - Cyclone Power ‘All Fuel’ & ‘WHE’ Engines. www.cyclonepower.com - Enginuity Energy, Ecoremedy Power Plant. www.enginuityenergy.com

��� www.ccarbon.com.au