clean coal technology for the future power generation ... · n2 s 70-75 around 5 0.2-3 problems co2...
TRANSCRIPT
Keiji MAKINOSenior Fellow
Japan Coal Energy Center
1
Astana, Kazakhstan
9 March, 2016
Clean Coal Technology
for the Future Power Generation
~~~Experiences in Japan~~~
The Kazakhstan Green Bridge Initiative Conference 2016
Critical Element of the Green Bridge Initiative:
Advanced Fossil Fuel Technologies
JCOAL
2
121 Associations
(As of March 2016)
CONTENTS
1. Coal Now ~~Situation of Japan~~
2. What is Clean Coal Technology?
3. Coal Preparation
4. Environmental Protection
5. Global Warming
5.1 High Efficiency
5.2 CO2
Capture
5.3 Biomass Co-Combustion
6. Utilization of Coal Ash
7. Japanese Roadmap of Clean Coal
Technology R&D
8. Lastly-------
3
4
World Coal Production and Consumption
IEA Coal Information 2015
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
Co
al C
on
sum
pti
on
(Mill
ion
to
nn
es)
World Coal ConsumptionIEA Coal Information 2015
China India United StatesGermany Japan South AfricaPoland Korea AustraliaTurkey Kazakhstan TaiwanIndonesia Ukraine United KingdomGreece Others
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
Co
al P
rod
uct
ion
(Mill
ion
to
nn
es)
World Coal ProductionIEA Coal Information 2015
China United States IndiaAustralia Indonesia RussiaSouth Africa Germany PolandKazakhstan Canada CzechUkraine Viet Nam Mongolia
1. Coal Now –Situation of Japan--
5
IEA Coal Information 2015
World Coal Import
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200C
oal
Imp
ort
(Mill
ion
to
nn
es)
People's Republic of China Japan
India Korea
Germany Netherlands
Chinese Taipei United Kingdom
Turkey Russia
Coal and Electricity Demand
IEA World Energy Outlook 2014
Trend for 50 years : 1990, 2012, 2020, 2025, 2030, 2035, 2040
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000
Co
al D
em
an
d(M
tce
)
Electricity Demand(TWh)
America Electricity and Coal Demand
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
0 5000 10000 15000 20000
Co
al D
eman
d(M
tce)
Electricity Demand(TWh)
Asia Electricity and Coal Demand
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
0 1000 2000 3000 4000
Co
al D
em
and
(Mtc
e)
Electricity Demand (TWh)
Europe Union Electricity and Coal Demand
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
0 10000 20000 30000 40000
Co
al D
Eman
d(M
tce)
Electricity Demand(TWh)
World Electricity and Coal Demand
6
7
Electricity Generation Mix of Japan
July 2015, Japan’s New Energy Mix towards 2030 was decided.
The basic policy of “Energy Mix” is to realize a balanced power
source composition, while achieving 3E+S(Safety, Energy
Security, Economic efficiency and Environment ).
Coal is positioned as the important energy source to be used
while the environmental burden.
0
5
10
15
20
25
2030
Re
ne
wab
le E
ne
rgy(
%)
Renewable Energy
Geothermal BioenergyWind SolarHydro
0
20
40
60
80
100
2013 2030
Ele
ctri
city
ge
ne
rati
on
mix
(%)
Electricity generation mix
Oil Coal LNG Nuclear Renewable Energy
Oil 12%
Coal
30%
LNG
43%
Nuclear1%
Renewable
11%
Oil 3%
Coal
26%
LNG
27%
Nuclear
22-20%
Renewable
22-24%8.8-9.2%
7.9%
1.7%
3.7-4.6%
1.0-1.1%
METI Website
8
2. What is Clean Coal
Technology ?
9
Components of Coal and Emissions
Oxygen O2 around 8Support
combustionNone
Ash
Heavy metals
Molecule Content(%) Emission
SiO2, Fe2O3,Al2O3, etc.
Hg, Cl, F, Cd,Se, Pb, etc.
0 .1-5
15-50
Component
Carbon
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Sulpher
Fly ash
Countermeasures
C
H2
N2
S
70-75
around 5
0.2-3
Problems
CO2
Steam
NOx
SOx
Heavy metals Health Problems
High eff ic iency, CCS
De-NOx(SCR)
De-SOx
EP, Bag Filter,Cyclone SeperatorActivated Carbon,
Wet Scrubber
Global Warming
None
Problemstorespiratory organ
Problemstorespiratory organ
Problemstorespiratory organ
Clean Coal Technology
====== Remove emissions from flue gas
2. Clean Coal Technology
Clean Coal Technology
Clean Coal Technology
Environmental
Protection
Low NOx Combustion
Flue-gas
Treatment
De-SOx De-NOx Dust Removal
Global Warming
High Efficiency
PF Combustion
SC, USC, A-USC
Gasification
IGCC, IGFC
CO2 Capture
CCS
Biomass
Co-combustion
Coal Preparation
Washing
10
Ash utilization
3. Coal Preparation
Clean Coal Technology
Environmental
Protection
Low NOx Combustion
Flue-gas
Treatment
De-SOx De-NOx Dust Removal
Global Warming
High Efficiency
PF Combustion
SC, USC, A-USC
Gasification
IGCC, IGFC
CO2 Capture
CCS
Biomass
Co-combustion
Coal Preparation
Washing
11
Ash utilization
Mined Coal = Coal +Mineral Matter
Separate coal and mineral by heavy
medium or dry-system
4. Environmental Protection
Clean Coal Technology
Environmental
Protection
Low NOx Combustion
Flue-gas
Treatment
De-SOx De-NOx Dust Removal
Global Warming
High Efficiency
PF Combustion
SC, USC, A-USC
Gasification
IGCC, IGFC
CO2 Capture
CCS
Biomass
Co-combustion
Coal Preparation
Washing
13
Ash utilization
14
Environmental Protection of
Coal Fired Power Station
CondenserAsh treatment
facility
Turbine
Coal unloader
MillAsh recovery
Generator
Low NOx Furnace
Low NOx Burners
Boiler
De-SOx
EP
De-NOx
Flue Gas Treatment Facilities
15
De-NOx Catalyst
De-NOx Reactor
Low NOx Burner
De-SOx Facility Electrostatic Precipitator
Low NOx Furnace
Japanese History of NOx Regulation
16
17
Environmental Monitoring of SO2
and NO2
1st stage of NOx emission regulation2nd stage
3rd stage
4th stage5th stage
Environmental standards of NO2 and SO2
- Environmental protection for SO2 emission from factories completed in 1970’s
- Environmental protection for NO2 emission from factories completed in 1980’s
Co
nc
en
tra
tio
n in
th
e a
tmo
sph
ere
(p
pm
)
Po
we
r g
en
era
tio
n (
10
8k
Wh
)
Renewable
Nuclear
Hydro
LNG
Coal
Oil
SO2NO2
Drastic Change of Air Pollution in Japan
Present Tokyo
Tokyo industrial area 1970
Tokyo industrial area 1970
Tokyo industrial area 1955
19
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
UnitedStates
Canada UnitedKingdom
France Germany Italy Japan
Emis
sio
n(g
/kW
h)
Comparison of SOx and NOx Emission from Fossil Power Station
SOx NOx
NOx and SOx emission levels in
Power Generation by country
OECD StatExtracts, IEA Energy Balances of OECD Countries 2014
5. Global Warming
Clean Coal Technology
Environmental
Protection
Low NOx Combustion
Flue-gas
Treatment
De-SOx De-NOx Dust Removal
Global Warming
High Efficiency
PF Combustion
SC, USC, A-USC
Gasification
IGCC, IGFC
CO2 Capture
CCS
Biomass
Co-combustion
Coal Preparation
Washing
20
Ash utilization
Boiler Steam Turbine Gasifier
Gas
Turbine
Steam
Turbine Gasifier
Gas
Turbine
Steam
Turbine
Fuel
Cell
Pulverized Coal
(USC)
IGCC
(1500C Class Gas Turbine)IGFC
Gross Efficiency :44%
Net Efficiency :41%
Gross Efficiency :60%
Net Efficiency :54%
Under Development
High-Efficient Coal Fired Power Generation
21
Efficiency: HHV Basis
Commercialized
Gross Efficiency :49%
Net Efficiency :46%
Commercialized
High Steam Temp: 620C
5.1 High Efficiency
Year of operation
Steam pressure
(16.6)
(24.1)
450
483485
538
566 593
(31.0)
5
10
15
20
25550
500
450
400
Ste
am
pre
ss
ure
( M
Pa
)
(4.1)
‘55 ‘60 ‘65 ‘70 ‘90 ‘95 2000
30
~~~
600
610
~~
~
Ste
am
tem
pera
ture(℃)
620
Tem
pera
ture
/P
ress
ure
22
Hekinan No.1
Isogo No.2
Isogo No.1
Tachibanawan No.1
Steam
Temperature
USC Zone
Steam Temperature Increase of Boiler
(Japanese Ultra Super Critical Units)
23
World Highest Efficient Coal fired Power Station
---Isogo No.2 600MW 600/620C USC (Japan)---
Efficiency :
Gross 44%
Net 41%
(HHV Basis)
24
Installation of USC in the World
McCoy Power Reports
・First Ultra Super Critical Unit (USC) was installed in Japan in 1993.
Since then, USC is increasing RAPIDLY and Super-Critical and Sub-Critical
units are decreasing.
・60% of recent installation is USC in the world.
SC is less than 10% and Sub-Critical is small number.
Countries where USC were already operated:-
Japan, Germany, Italy, Poland, Czech Republic, Netherland, Slovenia, USA, China,
Korea, Taiwan, Malaysia,
Countries where USC is planned:-
Greece, Indonesia, India, Philippines, Morocco, Vietnam
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
19
92
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12
20
13
20
14
20
15
20
16
20
17
20
18
Sha
re o
f U
SC(%
)
Ca
pa
city
(G
W)
Annual installed capacity of coal fired power generation in the world
USC SC Sub-Critical Share of USC(%)
World first
USC
installed in
Japan
25
Efficiency of Coal Power Generation
of Various Countries (HHV, Gross)
IEA Electricity Information 2015 :
Calculated by JCOAL
Hard Coal Lignite
0
10
20
30
40
50
1980 1990 2000 2010 2011 2012
Gro
ss
Eff
icie
ncy
(%)
HH
V b
asis
Efficiency of Coal Power Generation in the World(Lignite)
United States Australia Germany India
20
25
30
35
40
45
1980 1990 2000 2010 2011 2012 2013
Gro
ss E
ffic
ien
cy(%
) H
HV
ba
sis
Efficiency of Coal Fired Power Generation in the World(Hard Coal)
Japan KoreaChina United StatesAustralia GermanyUnited Kingdom India
26
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
Capital cost O&M cost Fuel cost Total cost
Re
lati
ve C
ost
(-)
Comparison of Cost
Sub-critical plant USC plant
Net thermalefficiency
Load factor Data source
USC 0.4 0.8 CRIEPISub-
Critical0.26 0.73 ECOFYS 2013
CCT Workshop 2015
Life Cycle Cost of USC
Total cost of USC is smaller when compared with Sub-Critical unit,
when studied about the case in developing country.
Conditions of estimation:-
27
Japan 2012
700 degree C, 500MW Class
India 2011
700 degree C, 800MW
EU 2021
700 degree C, 540MW
USA 2021
760 degree C 35MPa Developed by NETL
China 2011
700 degree C, Double Reheat
Advanced USC (A-USC)
System flow of IGCC (Nakoso 250 MW IGCC)
28
METI資料
New IGCC (Website)
Osaki CoolGen 170MW : Operation: 2017
Nakoso About 540MW : Start of construction 2016(Planned)
Start of operation Early 2020(Planned)
Hirono About 540MW : Start of construction 2016(Planned)
Start of operation Early 2020(Planned)
Development of IGCC
Nakoso NO.10 : 250MW
Commercial Operation : April 2013
Osaki CoolGen : 170MW
Operation: 2017
New IGCC plan(Website of Nakoso and Hirono)
Osaki CoolGen 170MW : Operation: 2017
Nakoso About 540MW : Start of construction 2016(Planned)
Start of operation Early 2020(Planned)
Hirono About 540MW : Start of construction 2016(Planned)
Start of operation Early 2020(Planned)
37
Japanese IGCC
Produce Chemicals from Coal Gasification
30
Hydrogen
Fertilizer
Chemicals CoalGasoline
Diesel
Kerosene
Electricity
Gasification
(H2+CO)
Reference
5.2 Carbon Capture and Storage
Clean Coal Technology
Environmental
Protection
Low NOx Combustion
Flue-gas
Treatment
De-SOx De-NOx Dust Removal
Global Warming
High Efficiency
PF Combustion
SC, USC, A-USC
Gasification
IGCC, IGFC
CO2 Capture
CCS
Biomass
Co-combustion
Coal Preparation
Washing
31
Ash utilization
Carbon Capture and Storage METI
CCS 2020
Sequestration –
CaptureStorage Transport Injection
Injection from
surface
facilities
Sequestration – Capture
Pipeline
transport
Pipeline
transport
Tanker transport
Large-scale CO2 emission
source
Land zone
Underground water
bearing stratum
Structural Cap Rock
(impervious bed)
Structural Cap Rock
(impervious bed)
Sea zone
Underground water
bearing stratum
Injection
from sea-
based
facilities
32
No less important is “High Efficient
Power Generation + CCS”
Distribution of Storage Capacity
(IPCC Special Report)
33
CO2
Injection Point
34
SnøhvitSleipner
Weyburn
(CO2 from Coal Gasification)
In-Salah
SaskPower
Boundary Dam (CO2 from Coal firing)
2. Post-combustion
3. Oxyfuel
Oxygen
production
Coal Boiler
Exhaust gas recirculation (CO2 )
O2Air
N2
Flue gas treatment
ASU
O2Air
N2
GasifierCO shift
CO2 Storage
CO2 seperation
GT
HRSG
Coal
1. Pre-combustion
Boiler
CO2
Coal
Air
Flue gas treatment
CO, H2 CO2,
H2
CO2 Storage
CO2 Storage
CO2
seperation
CO2
Capture from Coal-fired Power Plant
Gas Refining
35
36
Japanese CCS Demonstration Project
• Place: Tomakomai(Japan)
• Injection capacity : 0.1Mt-CO2/year
• Schedule : Project start 2008
Injection 2016-2018
Tomakomai CCS Website
37
Japanese CCS Demonstration Project
Tomakomai CCS Website
5.3 Biomass Co-combustion
Clean Coal Technology
Environmental
Protection
Low NOx Combustion
Flue-gas
Treatment
De-SOx De-NOx Dust Removal
Global Warming
High Efficiency
PF Combustion
SC, USC, A-USC
Gasification
IGCC, IGFC
CO2 Capture
CCS
Biomass
Co-combustion
Coal Preparation
Washing
38
Ash utilization
Pulverization Biomass with Coal
39
SEM
Pulverization coal/biomass
Cedar bark
Newlands coal
Pine tree bark
Cedar chip Saw dust of pine tree
CRIEPI Biomass Forum
Reduction of Coal Consumption
with Biomass mixing
40
Coal technology conference(Shikoku Power)
Biomass mixing ratio
Re
du
ctio
n o
f c
oa
l c
on
su
mp
tio
n
6. Utilization of Coal Ash
Clean Coal Technology
Environmental
Protection
Low NOx Combustion
Flue-gas
Treatment
De-SOx De-NOx Dust Removal
Global Warming
High Efficiency
PF Combustion
SC, USC, A-USC
Gasification
IGCC, IGFC
CO2 Capture
CCS
Biomass
Co-combustion
Coal Preparation
Washing
41
Ash utilization
42
Amount and Utilization of Ash
from Boiler in Japan
JCOAL 2015
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
Pe
rce
nt
of
Uti
lizat
ion
(%)
Am
ou
nt
of
Ash
(Th
ou
san
d t
on
ne
s)
Utilization of Ash from Power Stations
Total ash Utilized ash Percent of utilization
67%
14%
4%
1%
14%
Utilization of Ash (2013)
Cement
Civil
Building
Agriculture,Fishery
2014 2020 2030 2040 2050
① A-USCCommercial
(800℃)Commercial
(700℃)
Low rank
coal
utilization
High
efficiency
and low
carbon
Environmen-
tal protection
② IGFC1) Demonstration
(Osaki) CommercialIGCC demo.
(Osaki)
⑧Chemical Looping CommercialStudy of
Reactor30MW PP 100MW Demo.
⑪CO2 Conversion Pilot scale testCO2 Conversion test Small scale test
⑦ CO2 recycleIGCC Commercial
CO2 Cycle
test 300MW demo.O2-CO2
Gasifier test
⑤ Ferro Coke4) Demonstration Commercial
⑯ TIGAR7) CommercialDemonstration
⑬High efficiency
fluidized bed dryingBench
testPP test Commercial
⑥ COURSE505) Commercialmin. blast
furnace test Blast furnace demo.
⑰ ECOPRO8) CommercialDemonstration
Mid-long term R&D
Steel
Industry
Power
genera-
tion
CO2
capture
Upgrading
Industrial
use
Low environ-mental burden
⑱Low environmental
burden (B, Se)
R&D of reducing
tech.
Standardization of
analytical methods
(JIS/ISO)
⑫Brown coal
carbonizationCommercialPP test
⑮ IGCC with
renewable energyCommercialDemonstration
⑭ Hyper Coal6) CommercialDemonstration
③ A-IGCC2) Commercial (GT1700℃)
⑨Oxy-fuel combustion Demonstration Commercial
⑩Post combustion Demonstration Commercial
④ ABC3) Commercial
(>10%)Commercial
(<10%)
7. Japanese Roadmap of Clean Coal Technology R&D
Technologies
44
8. Lastly-------------
• Coal should be used as a main fuel in the future.
• Especially, non-OECD countries will use more coal
for there economic growth than OECD countries.
• However, consideration should be paid to reduce air
pollution and CO2
emission in order to continue using
coals.
• Now, Clean Coal Technology is essential.
• Japan will contribute in the world for use of clean
and high efficient coal power generation.
Thank you
for your attention.
45