CLASSIFICATION

VIRUSES, BACTERIA,

PROTISTA, FUNG

A. VIRUSES

• Viruses are simple structures made of protein and nucleic acids.

• They are difficult to classify as living or non living. Why?

• Name some diseases caused by viruses.– (See chart on page 489)

B. VIRUSES: Bacteriophage

• Draw and label a bacteriophage

• See next slide and page 479.

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Head

Capsid(protein sheath)

DNA

Whiskers

Tail

Tail fiber

Neck

Baseplate

.05 m

C. VIRUS: Bacteriophage

• What type of cell do bacteriophages infect?

• Bacteriophages are used in biotechnology for _______

Viral StructureViruses have many forms

D. Diseases caused by Viruses

• Name 5 diseases caused by viruses.– See chart on page 489

E. BACTERIA• Bacteria are living organisms.

• They are made of cells.

• They have their own kingdom, Bacteria

• List 5 diseases caused by bacteria.– See page 486

• List 5 benefits of bacteria to humans

• Decomposition, nitrogen fixation, photosynthesis, make pharmaceuticals, make vitamins in intestines and aid digestion.

F. BACTERIA

• Draw and label a bacterial cell. See next slide and page 472

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CytoplasmPlasmamembrane

Cell wall

DNA

Flagellum

RibosomesCapsule

Pili

G. BACTERIA

• Describe the 3 shapes of bacteria

• Bacilli, Cocci, Spirilla

• Bacteria can reproduce by binary fission and conjugation. Compare these methods. See page 475.

• When and why do bacteria produce spores?

H. PROTISTA

• Draw and label an ameoba and a paramecium. See next slides and pages 500 and 501.

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Anterior contractile vacuole

Micronucleus

Macronucleus

Pellicle

Posteriorcontractilevacuole

Foodvacuole

Gullet

Cilia

Cytoproct

I. PROTISTA

• List 3 types of protist movement and give an example for each.– Crawling with pseudopodia, ex: Amoeba– Swimming with flagella, ex: Euglena– Swimming with cilia, ex: Paramecium

• Which types of protists did you see?

J. PROTISTA

• Protists can reproduce asexually by mitosis and cytokinesis, by conjugation, or sexually with gametes.

• Malaria is caused by a protist called Plasmodium falciparum. This protist requires both a mosquito and a human to complete its life cycle.

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Mosquito injectssporozoites

Gametocytesingested bymosquito

Oocysts

Sporozoites form withinmosquito

Gametocytes

Sporozoites

Stagesin liver

Merozoites

Stages inred blood

cells

Zygote

6

1

2

3

45

Certainmerozoites develop intogametocytes

Protists like these diatoms can be quite lovely.

Do you like ice cream? I do.

Many ice creams are thickened by brown algae, another protist. Yumm.

K. FUNGI• How many types of fungi can you think of?• How can fungi be beneficial?• They can decompose, bread yeast makes bread rise,

alcohol fermentation makes alcohol.• What diseases do you know of that are caused by

fungi?• Yeast infections, Athlete’s foot, ringworm (not

really a worm), Corn smut infects corn.

Cordyceps-see page 539- “Eww!”