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ClassificationGrouping organisms in a logical orderTaxonomyOrganisms have a universally accepted name.Using this scientific name ensures that you have the correct organism (ex. Grass)Scientific names are given in the Genus species format called binomial nomenclatureCarolus Linnaeus and ClassificationGrouping organisms to reflect their anatomical similarities.All living things were originally divided into two groups; plants and animals.His system is currently in use today, but with many changes.

1707-1778Modern Classification SystemAll living things can be divided into three domainsThese domains are based upon the similarities of their RNA. It is thought that these similarities represent evolutionary relationships.Relationships based upon SSU rRNA

Bacteria Archaea Eukarya

DOMAIN: BacteriaThese are the true bacteria.Characteristics of DOMAIN: BacteriaSingle celled organisms that lack a nucleus.Rigid cell walls containing peptidoglycanReproduce asexually or by conjugationCan be either autotrophic or heterotrophicVery diverse

DOMAIN: Archae

Many live in extreme environments.Characteristics of DOMAIN: ArchaeaSingle celled organisms that do not have a nucleus.Rigid cell walls lacking peptidoglycanReproduce asexually or by conjugationLive in extreme environmental conditions.Differ from Eubacteria in their ribosomal RNA, their sensitivity to antibiotics, and in the many other organic chemicals that they produce.

DOMAIN: EukaryaCharacteristics of DOMAIN: EukaryotesHave a nucleus or come from a cell that has a nucleus.Hereditary information is in the form of chromosomes. Protista, Fungi, Plants and Animals all belong to the Domain EukaryotesThe Domain Eukaryote can be divided into Kingdoms

PlantaeAnimaliaFungiProtista

KINGDOM: PlantaeCharacteristics of PlantaeMulticellularPhotosynthetic and have chloroplastThe cell walls of all plants are made of celluloseMost plants live on land.

KINGDOM: AnimaliaCharacteristics of AnimalsAre multicellularDo not have cell walls Are heterotrophic with internal digestionReproduce sexuallyCan move about in their environment

KINGDOM: Fungi Characteristics of FungiUnicellular or MulticellularCell walls contain chitinSessile (they do not move)Life cycle includes both sexual and asexual reproduction.Hetertrophic with external digestion by use of enzymes

KINGDOM: Protista

Characteristics of ProtistaAll the remaining eukaryotes that are not plants, animals or fungi.Most are unicellular, but several are multicellular organismsAutotrophs or heterotrophs (Protists that are photosynthetic are called algae)It is believed that with new knowledge this kingdom will be divided into several new kingdoms.

Linnaeus Hierarchical system of ClassificationKingdomPhylumClassOrderFamilyGenusSpeciesanimaliachordatamammaliaprimateshominidaehomosapiens

Homo sapiens sapiensgenusspecies identifiersubspeciesBibliographyCampbell, Neil, Lawrence Mitchell and Jane Reece. Biology Concepts and Connections. Austin Wesley Longman Inc. 2000.

Maddison, David R. The Tree of Life A Web Project. March 3, 2004. http://tolweb.org/tree/phylogeny.html

Towle, Robert. Modern Biology. Holt, Reinhart and Winston: Austin. 1999.