class ___: evolution evidence review mechanisms of evolution types of evidence
TRANSCRIPT
Class ___: Evolution Evidence Review
• Mechanisms of Evolution• Types of Evidence
Mechanisms of Evolution• Darwin (mid 1800’s)
– Naturalist = biologist who made observations about plants and animals
– HMS Beagle Galapagos Islands– Found species similar to those in Central and South America
… but slightly different on the different islands.• Natural Selection = organisms with traits best suited for
a given environment are more likely to survive and reproduce
• Artificial Selection = humans select for desired traits and purposely breed plants and animals for these traits
2 Types of Selection:Natural Selection –> environmentally made
• Galapagos Islands• http://www.youtube.com/w
atch?v=n3265bno2X0
Artificial Selection -> man made
• Domesticated Plants
• Animals – Dog Breeds
Principles of Natural Selection1. Organisms produce more offspring than can survive2. Genotypic variations are found among off-spring.
Sources of variation include:– Mutations– Transpositions (Barbara McClintock)– Sexual Reproductions
3. Variations are passed on to offspring4. Some variations allow members of a population to
survive and reproduce … while others do not.5. Over time, offspring with beneficial adaptations survive
and reproduce more often more and more of the population exhibit the beneficial phenotype
“Evolution” in Our Classroom!• Pick a tool
– Knife– Fork – Spoon
• Why did you pick the one you did?• Task 1 Results?• Pick a tool
– Knife– Fork – Spoon
• Task 2 Results?
How fast does evolutionary change occur?
KEY IDEA: It depends … on the environment!
How fast does evolutionary change occur?
Drug Resistant Pathogens
Which type of evolutionary process would this be? Gradualism or Punctuated Equilibrium
Types of Evidence• Fossil Record– Dating• Stratigraphy• Radiometric
– Geological Timeline• Similarities in genetic make-up• Homologous structures• Vestigial structures• Embryology
Fossil Record – Paleontology/ Geology• Dating
• Stratigraphy• Radiometric
• Geological Timeline
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SY3MZ_wNFW8
Similarities in Genetic Make-up – Molecular Biology
• All living organisms have DNA• The more closely related the more
commonalities in the sequence and pairsHumans and Chimps share 98 %Humans and other Humans share 99%
Commonalities Structures - Anatomy• Homologous
structures =Body parts that are similar in origin and structure
• Vestigial structures = body part that doesn’t seem to have a function, anymore
Embryology• Comparative Embryology
Class __: Evolution Evidence
• Mechanisms of Evolution• Types of Evidence
Mechanisms of Evolution• D________________________ (mid 1800’s)
– Naturalist = biologist who made observations about plants and animals
– HMS Beagle Galapagos Islands– Found species similar to those in Central and South
America … but slightly different on the different islands.• Natural Selection = organisms with t_______________
best suited for a given e_____________________ are more likely to survive and r____________________
• Artificial Selection = h____________________ select for desired traits and purposely breed plants and animals for these traits
2 Types of Selection:N________________________ Selection –> e__________ made
• Galapagos Islands• http://www.youtube.com/w
atch?v=n3265bno2X0
• Notes: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
A______________________ Selection -> m_____ made
• D_____________Plants
• Animals – Dog B__________
Principles of Natural Selection1. Organisms produce more o__________ than can survive2. Genotypic variations are found among off-spring. Sources of
variation include:– M_______________________________– T______________________________ (Barbara McClintock)– S_________________________ Reproduction
3. V_____________________ are passed on to offspring4. Some variations allow members of a population to
s______________ and reproduce … while others do not.5. Over time, offspring with b______________ adaptations
survive and reproduce m________________ often more and more of the population exhibit the beneficial p____________________________
“Evolution” in Our Classroom!• Pick a tool
– Knife– Fork – Spoon
• Why did you pick the one you did?• Task 1 Results? ___________________________________
• Pick a tool– Knife– Fork – Spoon
• Task 2 Results? ___________________________________
How fast does evolutionary change occur?
KEY IDEA: It depends … _________________
How fast does evolutionary change occur?
Types of Evidence• F____________________ Record– Dating• Stratigraphy• Radiometric
– Geological Timeline• Similarities in g_______________ make-up• H_________________ structures• V_________________ structures• Embryology
Fossil Record – Paleontology/ Geology• Dating
• S__________________• R__________________
• G_________ Timeline
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SY3MZ_wNFW8
Similarities in Genetic Make-up – Molecular Biology
• All living organisms have _______________• The more closely r____________________
the more commonalities in the sequence and pairs Humans and Chimps share 98 %
Humans and other Humans share 99%
Commonalities Structures - Anatomy• Homologous
structures =Body parts that are ________________origin and ________________
• Vestigial structures = body part that doesn’t seem to have a ______________, anymore
E_________________• Comparative Embryology