class 2 developments since world war two

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D EVELOPMENTS SINCE W ORLD

W AR T WO

Outcome 1.1. (continued)



D EVELOPMENTS SINCE W ORLD W AR T WO

Changing

socio-economic

circumstances

Changing

customer needs

and expectations

TechnologyNew products

Government

Development

of Travel and

Tourism after

World War II



S OCIO-ECONOMIC CIRCUMSTANCES

Socio-economic

circumstances

More leisure timeGreater

disposable income

Paid holidaysShorter working

week

Labour saving

devices Longer life span

High

unemployment rateEarly retirement



M ORE LEISURE TIME

More leisure time increase in demand for facilities and attractions for us to visit

Paid holidays

-1908 Holidays with Pay Act ² legal requirement for employers to give their staff paidholidays

-1951, average two weeks off per year

-1970, average three or more weeks off per year

-2007, 94% of UK employees have minimum four weeks off per year

The working week shortened

-1950s, working week was 50hrs

-2007 ² working week 37hrs

-flextime allows long weekends

Labour saving devices

-maintaining a household was a full time job

The longer life span

-an increasing demand for tourism for the 50 year plus age group

-wealthier than young people

-fitter than century ago due to healthier lifestyle

-they have time to take several holidays a year

The current trend for early retirement



I NCREASED DISPOSABLE INCOME

Definition: Disposable income is the amount of money leftover after all necessary household and personal expenseshave been met.

A general trend in the UK for disposable income to rise

Average household disposable incomes rose over 60% between 1971 and 2007

Household in the UK spends around 15% a week on

leisure activities

Even low income groups get free leisure servicessubsidized by local authorities



T ECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS

(Began with the Industrial Revolution and the use of steam power)

In 1908 H. Ford developed his popular T model in USA , produced in large numbers in factories at lowcost and became available to masses

-number of cars increased 6 times until 1919. Now there are 10 times as many cars on the road as in 1951

-result: lack in demand for the railway and other public transport systems

-Impacts of increased car ownership:

1. Congestion an pollution

2. New products

3. Increased access to the countryside and attractions ² development of the motorway links

Propeller aircraft became available after World War II, but for air travel to become available to masses, the prices needed to be lower.

-this happened during the 1950s as aircraft became larger and faster

-the most significant development was the introduction of jet aircraft ² for the air travel to become, fast, safe, comfortable and cheap

-further developments occurred in 1969 with the jumbo jet ( Boeing 747 )«impacts on holiday market:

-flying further in less time long haul destinations more accessible

-the increased capacity price per seat reduced lower package holiday prices

-the smaller aircraft became available for charter operations

-long haul travel was less exhausting business travel increased



Right after World War II bookings were simple to take; airlines and touroperators had charts on the walls and took bookings by phone or writtenenquiries

- As demand grew they developed reservation departments

-Development of computers brought the use of the view data systems - touroperators linked their system into terminals in the agencies trough whichbookings could be made. Out of date but still in use.

-The airlines later developed computer reservation system (CRS). Today travelagencies have direct access to the airlines information trough CRS

-The market leader in the UK is Galileo. Widely used are also: Sabre, Worldspan and Amadeus

-GDS is global distribution system which links several CRS·s and presents theinformation together to the user

-The Internet is a development that is changing the face of travel continuously



T HE DEVELOPMENT OF THE PACKAGE

HOLI D AY (*NEW PRO DUCT )

Vladimir Raitz of Horizon was the first person to negotiate charterseats with an airline

In 1949 he used DC3 to carry 32 holiday-makers to Corsica (£32)

charter flight=filling every seat=lower price

Full-board accommodation in tents

DC3



T HE DEVELOPMENT OF THE PACKAGE

HOLI D AY

By the end of 1950s he was chartering planesto Palme, Alghero, Malaga, Tangier andOporto

By the early 1960s package holidays to theMediterranean coast were an establishedproduct

New hotels were built to accommodate thisboom

Holidays were simple but still luxuriouscompared to holiday camps



THE SECOND HOLID AY (*NEW PRODUCT)

Skiing developed in the 1970s as a second

(winter) holiday

Short-brake market developed in 1980s

Overseas city break is now commonplace



NEW TYPES OF HOLID AY (*NEW PRODUCT)

Culture, sporting, adventure holidays

Consumers want more activities

Continual growth in the long haul sector

All-inclusive holiday and cruising developed

More independent travelers

Growing demand by 50+ years of age



DESTINATION DE VELOPMENT (*NEW

PRODUCT)

World realizes the economic benefits tourism

brings

E.g. Dubai has developed: hotels, residentialdevelopments and shopping centre to attract

tourists

New destinations are on the rise; e.g. New

Zealand, Croatia, Bulgaria, Tasmania



CHANGING CONSUMER NEEDS,

EXPECTATIONS AND FASHIONS

Basic accommodation and lack of flexibility of post-war holiday camps are no longer suitable

Today·s traveler requires flexibility«packages

adapted (choosing: accommodation, transportand length)

Growth in fly-drive an self -catering holidays

Increased demand for car hire

Reflects: consumers growing confidence



CHANGING CONSUMER NEEDS,

EXPECTATIONS AND FASHIONS

Environmental awareness (example: Spain)

Growing demand for healthy and active holidays

Skin cancer threat

Virtual travel



QUALITY AND CUSTOMER SER VICE

Higher standards of quality and customer service

Tour operators increasingly aware of consumerrights and European legislation



TRANSPORT DE VELOPMENT

Aviationy Low-cost airlines in 1990s

y Ticket-less travel

y Great marketing

y Super planesy Growth and expansion of regional airports

y Self check-in

y On-line check-in

Seay Channel Tunnel

y Super ships

Raily High speed trains

class 2 developments since world war two

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