civil drafting technology

Seventh EditionBy David A. Madsen,

Terence M. Shumaker, and David P. Madsen

Civil Drafting Technology

Chapter 14

Introduction to Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

Civil Drafting Technology, Seventh EditionDavid A. Madsen, Terence M. Shumaker, David P. Madsen

© 2010 Pearson Higher Education,Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved.2

Figure 14–1: A demonstration of how data integration is the linking of information in different forms through a GIS. (Courtesy U.S. Geological Survey, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Poster, www.egsc.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/gis_poster/



Figure 14–2: An example of a GIS application used in the forestry industry to document and manage stands of timber located in a specific area. This example contains graphic data as a map. The map provides the spatial data, which in this example is the location of three distinct forest types. The attribute data is found in Table 14–1.



Table 14–1: This table lists the attribute data, which includes information regarding the size, identification, type, age, and harvest date of each forest area. Notice how the spatial data in Figure 14–2 and attribute data in this figure can be correlated to effectively understand the characteristics of each stand of timber.



Figure 14–3: Point-in-polygon is an example of a spatial analysis. (Courtesy of NCGIA, University of California at Santa Barbara, www.ncgia.ucsb.edu)



Figure 14–4: A vector format GIS. (Courtesy of NCGIA, University of California at Santa Barbara, www.ncgia.ucsb.edu)



Figure 14–5: A raster format GIS. (Courtesy of NCGIA, University of California at Santa Barbara), www.negia.ucsb.edu)



Figure 14–6: Creating a raster GIS from a vector GIS. (Courtesy of NCGIA, University of California at Santa Barbara, www.ncgia.ucsb.edu)



Figure 14–7: Tax lots and street right-of-ways in a parcel-based map. (Courtesy of Metro, Portland, Oregon)



Figure 14–8: Diagram of solid waste flow model. (Courtesy of Metro, Portland, Oregon, www.metro-regional.org)



Figure 14–9: A 3D GIS.



Figure 14–10: How satellites and base stations work together.

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