civil and environmental engineering earth systems 109 · schedule: jan 4 - march 19, 2010 •...
TRANSCRIPT
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Civil and Environmental Engineering / Earth Systems 109
Green Buildings & Behavior: Creating a Green Student Workforce to Help Implement Stanford’s Sustainability Vision Inaugurated: Winter 2010
S T A N F O R D U N I V E R S I T Y
For Internal Use Only—Not for Publication or Distribution
July 2010
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1
Acknowledgements Course Staff Jeffrey Koseff, Faculty, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Fahmida Ahmed, Office of Sustainability, Associate Director, Sustainability and Energy Management
, Students for a Sustainable Stanford
oel Crisostomo, Teaching Assistant / Outreachatherine Heflin, Intern
NK Office of Sustainability
ue G
st Lecturers (in alphabetical order)
Annie Shiau, Alumni Association, Green Arrillaga Pilot David Freyberg, Faculty, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
bility and Energy Fahmida Ahmed, Office of Sustainability, Associate Director, Sustaina
Management
g g Franklin Orr, Faculty, Department of Energy Resources Engineerin
Gilbert Masters, Faculty, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineerin
Jiffy Vermylen, Sustainability Coordinator, Office of Sustainability Joseph Stagner, Executive Director, Sustainability and Energy Management
ormation Technology, Facilities Energy Joyce Dickerson, Director of Sustainable Inf
Management, Sustainability and Energy Management
Julie Muir, Stanford Recycling Center, PSSI Lee Schipper, Researcher, Precourt Energy Efficiency Center
es, Lisa Kwiatkowski, Manager, outreach and TDM, Parking and Transportation ServicSustainability and Energy Management
Sustainability and Energy Margaret LaPorte, Associate Director, Water Resources,
Management
Matt Rothe, Sustainability Coordinator, Stanford Dining
Pamela Matson, Dean, School of Earth Sciences Scott Gould, Facilities Energy Management, Sustainability and Energy Management
ment, Sustainability and Energy Susan Kulakowski, Manager, Facilities Energy Manage
Management Tom Fenner, Deputy General Council, Green170 Pilot
Tom Zigterman, Associate Director, Water Services & Civil Infrastructure, Sustainability and Energy Management
or more information about Stanford University’s sustainability programs, environmental
ctivit es, vis t: Fresearch, and student a i i
t Office of Sustainability sustainable.stanford.edu Woods Institute for the Environmen woods.stanford.edu Students for a Sustainable Stanford sustainability.stanford.edu
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Table of Contents
I. Course Syllabus…………………………………………………………………………4 IV. Final Group Project
School of Earth Sciences Building Level Sustainability Program………………...10 Braun Hall………………………………………………………………………11 Mitchell Building………………………………………………………………..49
CEE/EARTHSYS 109: Green Buildings & Behavior
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Green Buildings & Behavior: Creating a Green Student Workforce to Help Implement Stanford's Sustainability Vision
Civil & Environmental Engineering/Earth Systems 109
Course Syllabus Course Description: Stanford is a leader in resource management, demonstrated through infrastructure improvements and efficiency programs. Yet, great potential exists to couple them with program-based local actions that promote both resource conservation and an educational environment for sustainability. Local action at a building level directly contribute to conservation, lower utility costs, and generate understanding of sustainability consistent with the Stanford’s commitment to sustainability as a core value. This course will offer an overview on operational sustainability including energy, water, buildings, waste, and food systems, as well as practical training to enable a student to become sustainability coordinators for their dorms or departments. Grading: C/NC Units: 2 Repeat or not: Yes If repeated how many units: 0 Time: Monday & Wednesday, 2:15-3:45 PM Location: Building 60, Room 120. Section: No section but TAs will have office hours Leadership: Faculty sponsor: Jeff Koseff (Civil and Environmental Engineering) Staff Sponsor/presenter: Fahmida Ahmed (Office of Sustainability, S&EM) Email list: [email protected] Student Leaders: Katherine Heflin (Office of Sustainability intern), Kevan Christensen (Green Living Council), Noel Crisostomo (Students for Sustainable Stanford) Teaching Assistant: Noel Crisostomo, [email protected] Course Outcome: After successfully completing this course and assignments, students will be able to
• Articulate campus sustainability principles and key operational areas • Take direct action of greening departments through individual behaviors • Potentially become interns with the Office of Sustainability for advanced research and implementation at Stanford
CEE/EARTHSYS 109: Green Buildings & Behavior
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Prerequisites: Class limit: 25 students with an interest in campus sustainability Student Selection: The class space is limited. To qualify:
• Write a 1-page single spaced essay on why you believe campus sustainability is important, including any relevant experience you can bring to the class and any other special qualifications you may have (a lottery will be held if necessary). Please include your year and major in the header. • Save it as "Lastname,Firstname.DOC" and send it to [email protected] by Friday, December 11, 2009.
• If you have any questions, please email [email protected].
At the end of the quarter, the top 10 students, evaluated with the below criteria, will be selected to be ‘Student Sustainability Coordinators’, trained by the Office of Sustainability at Stanford. These students will receive a $500 stipend for their work/quarter to implement Sustainable Stanford’s Building-Level Sustainability Program over the 10 weeks of Spring quarter. Class Structure: 2 unit class 18 meetings: (2 hour/week lecture, 2 hours/week out of class work/workshop). Teaching Methods: Our class will exercise a variety of tutorial methods. We will have a series of guest speakers share their expertise in related fields as well as take field trips, participate in hands-on demonstrations, group exercises, and even watch relevant films in or outside class. Grading Evaluation: "Pass" is 70% C or better” 40% Attendance & participation 20% Quiz on Class Materials 40% Group Project: The School of Earth Sciences’ Request for Proposals
In groups of 5, prepare a proposal to decrease the greenhouse gas emissions associated with operations from a building, Mitchell or GeoCorner, within the School of Earth Sciences (SES). Prepare a 15-minute presentation for your client, SES Dean Pam Matson, and other stakeholders including the lecturers and Woods and Precourt Institute Directors, in which your team will pitch interventions using the concepts and skills you have learned in class regarding energy, water, food, waste, and transport. Frame your proposal within the scope of a 10-week implementation period and in consideration of Stanford resources and the evolving California policy climate. Since the class will be learning the same material, the key will be to make innovative yet deployable and cost-effective ideas to eliminate waste and reduce emissions.
(Optional) Final Individual Interview to become a ‘Student Sustainability Coordinator.’
CEE/EARTHSYS 109: Green Buildings & Behavior
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Schedule: Jan 4 - March 19, 2010 • Readings: Where will be weekend reading for Monday’s lecture (technical reading, best practices, popular articles.)
• Class Structure:
Monday Lectures: Technical info plus motivational content, guest speakers on each topics, discussion on readings.
• DUE: Weekly quizzes on the prior week’s material.
Wednesday Workshops/ Practicum: Practical training, learn by doing, hands-on oriented, may include field trips.
Week TOPIC
Date Subjects Speakers
Week 1 SUSTAINABLE
STANFORD
Jan 4
Course Overview Expectations, Final project, Class introductions,
Office of Sustainability
Jeff Koseff, Fahmida Ahmed
Jan 6 Climate Change & Stanford Emissions Inventory, Campus work on Energy & climate plan Joe Stagner, Lynn Orr
Week 2 ENERGY
Jan 11
Energy Efficiency and Demand Side Management in Buildings
Gil Masters, Susan Kulakowski, Joyce Dickerson
Jan 13 Energy Audits/Action Noel Crisostomo, Katherine Heflin
Week 3
Jan 18 No Class
Jan 20 Green Building Standards at
Stanford; Y2E2 Docent Program Jeff Koseff, Fahmida Ahmed
Week 4 WATER
Jan 25 Water Resources and Smart
Conservation David Freyberg, Marty Laporte, Tom Zigterman
Jan 27 Water Audits/Action Noel Crisostomo
Week 5 WASTE
Feb 1
Towards Zero Waste, Procurement
Julie Muir
Feb 3 Waste Audits/Action Julie Muir
CEE/EARTHSYS 109: Green Buildings & Behavior
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Week 6 FOOD Feb 8 Sustainable Food Systems Matt Rothe
Feb 10 Stanford Dining Audits/Action Matt Rothe
Week 7 Feb 15 No Class
Feb 17
Group Project Overview:Proposals for the School of Earth
Sciences Pam Matson, Fahmida Ahmed
Week 8 TRANSPORTATION
Feb 22
Sustainable Transportation Brodie Hamilton, Lee
Schipper
BEHAVIOR Feb 24 Navigating Stanford
Stakeholders & Influencing Behavior
Fahmida Ahmed, Tom Fenner, Matt Williams, Joyce Dickerson
Week 9 TRAINING
March 1
Sustainability Coordinator Training (1): Department Audits
Checklists Fahmida Ahmed, Noel Crisostomo
March 3 Sustainability Coordinator Training (2): Preparation to pilot
Fahmida Ahmed, Noel Crisostomo
Week 10 IMPLEMENTATION March 8 Group Project Presentations Guest Lecturers Invited
March 10 Wrap up, Evaluations,
Individual interviews for candidate Sustainability
CoordinatorsTBD
CEE/EARTHSYS 109: Green Buildings & Behavior
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Readings:
Week 1: Sustainable Stanford and Climate Change A Student's Guide to Sustainable Living At Stanford. http://sustainable/sites/sem.stanford.edu/files/documents/Stanford_students_guide_sustainable_living; Sustainable Choices. Stanford University School of Earth Sciences-Earth Systems Program. http://sustainablechoices.stanford.edu/ Stanford University- The College Sustainability Report Card. Sustainable Endowments Institute, 2009. http://www.greenreportcard.org/ http://www.greenreportcard.org/files/Stanford_Surveys.pdf Energy and Climate Plan. Stanford University Sustainability and Energy Management, October 2009. http://sustainable.stanford.edu/sites/sem.stanford.edu/files/documents/Stanford_EC_factsheet_2009.pdf http://sustainable.stanford.edu/sites/sem.stanford.edu/files/documents/Stanford_FAQ_factsheet_2009.pdf Sustainable Stanford, Stanford University Sustainability and Energy Management. http://sustainable.stanford.edu Stanford University Woods Institute for the Environment http://woods.stanford.edu Weeks 2 and 3: Energy Flex Your Power. http://www.fypower.org/ Best Practices for Commercial Office. http://www.fypower.org/bpg/index.html?b=offices Energy Star for Higher Education. http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?fuseaction=bygtw.showSplash http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=higher_ed.bus_highereducation Long Term Energy Efficiency Strategic Plan. California Public Utilities Commission. 2009. http://www.californiaenergyefficiency.com/index.shtml http://www.californiaenergyefficiency.com/docs/EEStrategicPlan.pdf Yang and Yamazaki Environment and Energy Building. http://woods.stanford.edu/docs/news/Y2E2-Award.pdf Week 4: Water 2008 Annual Water Quality Report. Stanford University Utilities Division. Pages 1-8. http://lbre.stanford.edu/sem/sites/all/lbre-shared/files/docs_public/2008CCR.pdf California's Water Conservation Resource. Association of California Water Agencies. 2009. http://www.saveourh2o.org http://www.saveourh2o.org/index.cfm/what-you-can-do/ 20x2020 Water Conservation Plan (Draft). California State Water Resources Control Board. April 2009. http://www.swrcb.ca.gov/water_issues/hot_topics/20x2020/docs/comment043009/202020_final_report_draft.pdf Executive Summary pgs ix-xii, 2. Establishing a Baseline & Targets pgs 11-25, 4. Implementation pgs 43-46.
CEE/EARTHSYS 109: Green Buildings & Behavior
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CEE/EARTHSYS 109: Green Buildings & Behavior
Week 5: Zero Waste Peninsula Sanitary Services Inc./Stanford Recycling Center. http://recycling.stanford.edu/pssi/index.html The Story of Stuff. http://www.storyofstuff.com/ IG Mason, AK Brooking, A Oberender, JM. Implementation of a Zero Waste Program at a University Campus. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 2003 - 202.29.21.6 Week 6 and 7: Food Systems Stanford Dining. Sustainable Food System. http://www.stanford.edu/dept/rde/dining/food_sys.htm 2005 San Francisco Collaborative Food System Assessment. San Francisco Food Systems. http://www.sffoodsystems.org/pdf/FSA-online.pdf Executive Summary, Introduction Pages vii-4 Hoekstra, Arjen Y. "The Water Footprint of Food." Water For Food. 2008. Pages 49-61 http://www.waterfootprint.org/Reports/Hoekstra-2008-WaterfootprintFood.pdf Week 8: Transportation Toor, W. "The Road Less Traveled: Sustainable Transportation for Campuses." Planning for Higher Education. Vol 31, No 3. Mar-May 2003, pgs 131-141 Hamilton, B. "The Transportation Demand Management Experience at Stanford University." TDM Review. Issue 2. 2008, pgs 16-21 http://transportation.stanford.edu/pdf/TDM_2_2008.pdf Stanford University Parking and Transportation Services. Program Summary. http://transportation.stanford.edu/pdf/program-summary-2009.pdf Goldman, T. and R. Gorham. "Sustainable Urban Transport: Four Innovative Directions." Technology in Society. Vol 28. 2006. Pages 261-273. "Bike-frastructure 101." http://www.worldchanging.com/archives/010404.html Influencing Behavior McKensie-Mohr, D. Fostering Sustainable Behavior: An Introduction to Community-Based Social Marketing. http://www.cbsm.com/pages/guide/preface Introduction (Pages 2-7); Tools: Commitment (Pages 18-25); Tools: Prompts (Pages 26-30); Tools: Norms (Pages 32-37); Tools: Communication (Pages 38-49) The Fun Theory. http://www.treehugger.com/files/2009/10/worlds-deepest-trash-bins-behavior-changing-inventions.php Week 9: Promoting Behavior Change, Training as a Building Coordinator Building Level Sustainability Program. Office of Sustainability, Department of Sustainability and Energy Management. Stanford University. 2010.
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CEE/EARTHSYS 109: Green Buildings & Behavior
CEE/EARTHSYS 109: Green Buildings and Behavior
Final Group Project
School of Earth Sciences Building Sustainability Program
In groups of 3, prepare a proposal to decrease the greenhouse gas emissions associated with operations from either Mitchell or Braun "GeoCorner," two buildings managed by the School of Earth Sciences (SES). Note: only two groups per building. Prepare a 15-minute presentation for your client, SES Dean Pam Matson, and other stakeholders including the staff lecturers and Woods and Precourt Institute Directors, in which your team will propose interventions using the concepts and skills you have learned through the Building-Level Sustainability Program (BLSP) regarding energy, water, food, waste, and transportation. Write an Executive Summary to accompany your presentation. Frame your implementation within the scope of Spring Quarter. Be sure to consider how you will leverage Stanford's infrastructural resources with the Department of Sustainability & Energy Management, and the evolving California policy context regarding sustainability. Since the class will be learning the same BLSP material, the key will be to make innovative, yet deployable and cost effective ideas to eliminate waste and reduce emissions. We will be completing a walk through of Mitchell and Geocorner on March 1 and 3 guided by Tom Koos, but feel free to explore the buildings beforehand with the BLSP materials. Presentations and Executive Summaries are due to be submitted as a file upload to this assignment by March 8 by each group member. Groups will present on March 8 and should allow for 5 minutes of Q&A in addition to their 15-minute presentation. Total Points: 240 140= Proposal Executive Summary (4 pages, 1.5x-spaced with bullets and tables as needed, saved as .pdf) Score based on: 50) The incorporation of course materials: readings, BLSP audit materials, and lectures 50) Quantitative and qualitative descriptions of conservation measures 30) Inclusion of barriers to sustainable practices and means of overcoming them 10) Formatting, for example: Problem statement and goals, Baseline estimates, Conservation measures, Implementation, Cost and Energy impacts, Conclusions. 100= Powerpoint Presentation (saved as .pdf) Score based on: Adequate utilization of resources, graphics/visuals, clarity/format, creativity, teamwork
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ENERGY AUDIT: BRAUN HALL ! MiMicah
By Michael Rafanan, Frances Ellerbe, and Eli Pollak
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RECOMMENDATIONS
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INSTALL TIMERS
! Printers ! Copiers ! Water heaters
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INSTALL MOTION CONTROLLED LIGHTING
! Areas such as: ! Attic crawl space ! Phone booths ! Student Offices ! All Common Areas
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ENCOURAGE NATURAL LIGHTING
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REMOVAL OF EXCESS APPLIANCES
! Remove if they meet the following criteria: ! Completely unused. ! Another similar appliance within 25 second walking
distance.
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IMPROVE REMINDER SIGNS
! Add signs to remind occupants to turn off lights ! Already signs to lock doors in place in common areas ! Make signs for spaces that are used for short periods
of time (i.e kitchenette)
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CONSOLIDATION OF OFFICE EQUIPMENT
! These include: ! Automatic Staplers ! Paper Shredders ! Label Makers
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ANOTHER EFFORT TO USE SMARTSTRIPS
! Target smaller group of people. (i.e administrative offices) ! Educate and train staff for proper use.
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FUTURE IN-DEPTH PROJECTS
! Audit printer locations and use. ! Consolidate amount of printers and also improve
placements.
! Bigfix installed on all computers. ! Require computers to automatically shut off.
! Replace all incandescents with CFL bulbs ! Replace old equipment
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SO WHAT IMPACT COULD THESE RECOMMENDATIONS HAVE?
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! First we took measurements using a KillAwatt for the major appliances in Geocorner
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! We then counted or estimated the total number of these devices in the building
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! Possible Savings calculated for 10 hours off every day, or removal of some appliances
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ECONOMICS
! Savings of 99.6 kWh/day
! (99.6 kWh/day) / (766 kWh/day) = 13% energy consumption reduction
! (99.6 kWh/day) * ($0.1154 /kWh) = $11.49/day
! $11.49 /day * 365 days = $4,194 annually
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ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF TIMERS
Capital Cost for 1 Timer; $9.09
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TIMERS ON PRINTERS
! 23 Printer each drawing 7 W ! Install timers to turn off printers for 10 hours
9pm-7am ! Saves (23 printers)(7 W)(10 hours)*(1 kW/1000W)
=1.61 kWh/day which at a price of $0.1154/kWh means a savings of $0.185/day and$67.52/year
! Capital Cost of 23 timers=$209.07 ! At at 7% discount rate and 20 year time horizon
this means a NPV of $506.24! ! Simple payback period of just over 3 years ! Building users will probably not even notice!
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TIMER ON WATER COOLER
! Used Kill-a-Watt to determine that water cooler outside the Undergraduate Lounge draws 580W
! Install a timer to turn of for four hours between midnight and 4am
! Capital Cost of $9.09 ! Savings of 2.32 kWh/day and 846.8 kWh/year ! Cost savings of $97.72/year ! Using same assumptions this is a NPV of
$1,026.16 and a simple payback of just over one month
! You could also remove the cooler entirely!
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SustainableWater,Waste,andTransporta3on–Geocorner
JacobSchaffert,PabloLopez,AkwasiAbrefah
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Domes3cWater
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Model(audit)
• Es3mates(aGermeasuringthefixturesandnumberandadjus3ngittobuildingparameters)257gallon/dayspermonthwithapossiblesavingsofabout30gallons/day
• Savingsaremostlikelyfromthenon‐regulatedfaucetonthethirdfloorkitchenareasink.
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0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
March April May June July August September October November December January February Model
Gallons
2009‐2010
MonthlyConsump5on
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PeopleatBraun
• Buildingdemographics:howmanypeople,groups/departments
• Braunhasonly1dept.total:GES• 9faculty• 9staff• 32students• 4visitor• Studentses3matedtobemostlygoneJuly,August,September,andDecember
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0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
March April May June July August September October November December January February Model
Gallons/day‐person
2009‐2010
Gallons/day‐people
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Sugges3onsforimprovement
• Buyanaeratorforthesinkonthethirdfloor• Es3matedcost:$10(conserva3vees3mate)
• Es3matedSavings(conserva3ve)10gallonsday,310gallonsamonth
• Costofwater$6.54/1000gallons• Payback3me5months
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Waste
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Recycling
• Awarenesshigh– E‐Waste
– Containersinhallway• Copyroomsorganizedwell
– 30%recyclecontent– Baeerycharger
• OutsideArea
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RecyclingCon3nued
• Studentuseofrecyclingprimaryconcern– Residentsunderstand– Studentlounge&classroomsisolatedcans
• Informa3on/signage
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FoodRelatedWaste
• Utensils/cups– Differencebetweenresidents/students– Jugsofwatervs.tap?
• WasteAuditResults– Handdryer– Compostop3on?
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Transporta3on
• Informa3ondistribu3on• Alterna3veTransport• Bicycles
– Security– Safety
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RoomforImprovement
• Drivingpersonalvehiclestowork• Peoplebringingbikesintothebuilding• Lackofbikesafety• Agreatervarietyofbikesinthefleet• Gasguzzlingfieldtripvehicles• NodepartmentZipcaraccount
• Eventplanningcomplica3ons
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Solu3ons–hiddenbikecage
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Encouragingvisualreminders&departmenthelmets
• Purchasinghelmetsforthefacultyandstaffinthedepartment
• Poster’sincommonareastoportrayadesirednorm
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• Lookatreplacingfieldtripvehiclesandren3ngabus/40personshuelesinstead
• GetadepartmentZipcaraccount!
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MoreSolu3ons!
• Ini3ateaZimridesurvey• Moreinforma3onabouteventplanningtoavoidpeakhours
• Usestudents!–someoneisusuallysellingabike
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Mitchell Sustainability
Alex Luisi, Graham Provost, Nick Riva, Allison Stafford, Nicole Gaetjens, Nicole Greenspan
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Overview of Building
Mitchell has... 7 storiesSeveral labsPrecious gems (and security issues that surround them)A two-floor Library that has the most windows in the buildingStairs that are not truly easy to use139 regular occupants (faculty, students, staff)6 dedicated students to help it become more efficient and sustainable
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Roadmap
LightingPlugload - AppliancesPlugload - Desktop ComputingDomestic WaterWaste & RecyclingFood & CompostA few more recommendations...Conclusions
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Mitchell Lighting, Windows, Motion Detectors, and
Efficiency
Alex Luisi
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Current use of Mitchell •The library currently has the most natural lighting, is best-lit and has balconies •Most offices have inadequate natural lighting•The hallways are lit only by ceiling lights•The question is, is this the most efficient use of lighting and the building space? How can we improve it?
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Lighting & Space Efficiency
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The motion sensors and lights already have an implementation plan underway
Useful to divide building into sections for lighting when installing the motion sensor?
Rooms can benefit by having two light switches, each one controlling half the lights (i.e. every other light Each floor would have someone to ensure that all sustainability guidelines are being followed
Deep Dive: Motion Sensors, Artificial Lights, Sustainability Coordinator
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Deep Dive: Natural Lighting & Windows There is very little natural lighting in the office space of the building, as well as a lack of cross-ventilation
You can make it so that windows in the offices can be openedThe building does have huge, beautiful windows, but they are in the library However, there is the possibility of moving the library and converting that space to office space
Open-floor plan, private offices, more office spce Balconies and windows The books can be moved up to the 3rd and 4th floors There would be issues with tracking who comes in and out of the library that way
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Issues with these ideas?
First, the easy one:Money
These will be expensive renovations, but in the long run, I believe that the investment will pay itself off in the health of the occupants, fewer lights used, and a more efficient usage of space
Second, the other easy one:People will not want to change where they are, possibly because of their proximity to their labs, or just a general dislike of moving
However, I believe that if these are discussed properly and incorporate people's feedback, this would be a hugely successful program
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Plugloads:Appliances
Graham Provost
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Plugloads - Appliances
Copy Machines & Printers
Refrigerators
Peripherals and Misc.
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Copy Machines & PrintersMost of the printers and copy machines in Mitchell have power save modes.
The Xerox Phaser 8560 (a common printer in Mitchell) can switch to power save mode after 30 - 240 minutes of inactivity.
Most of the printers appear to be set in 240 min mode.
Switching half of the printers in Mitchell from 240 minute mode to 30 minute mode would save 17,000 kWh and almost $2000.
If occupants are resistant, similar result could be achieved using timers.
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Refrigerators
Existing refrigerators are relatively inefficient. Replacing each refrigerator with energy star refrigerator would save 756 kWh per yearCould pay for themselves in less than six years
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Peripherals and Miscellaneous
Most printers in Mitchell are not peripherals Smart strips and timers should be used in a targeted mannerThis can make deployment more difficult
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Plugloads:Desktop Computing
Nick Riva
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Plugloads- Desktop ComputingCurrent Situation: 120 Office Occupants Each provided with Desktop & LCD Monitor
Often left on at night for remote access
Minimal peripherals (Speakers, Sub-woofer, etc.)
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Desktop Computing: Energy Use
Daily Energy Use 84 kWhrMonthly Energy Use 2,516 kWhr
Monthly Cost $290 Only 2% of Total Building Energy Use/Cost
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Desktop Computing: Improvements
Savings may be marginal, but part of a larger program and behavior shift
Encourage BigFix- Reduce Active hours
Adopt Cloud computing- Remote access
Install Smart Strips- Ensure all monitors off at night Larger Investment: Laptops for Occupants
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Desktop Computing: Savings
Estimated Savings from BigFix, Cloud & Smart Strips:
26% Energy or $69/month
Minimal Expense & Disruption
Estimated Savings of Laptop Use
88% Energy or $237/month
Cost may prohibitively high
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Domestic WaterConsumption
Allison Stafford
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Faucets
10 bathroom, 4 kitchen faucetsCurrent aerators: 1-1.5 gal/minRecommended: 0.5 gal/min aeratorsPotential Savings
122 gal/day15% of occupancy-based consumption9% of total consumption $455/year
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Faucets
Eligible for free hardware or
rebates from Santa Clara Valley
Water District
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Toilets and Urinals
15 toiletscurrent usage: 1.6 gpfrecommended usage: 1.28 gpf
5 urinalscurrent usage: 1 gpfrecommended usage: .125 gpf
potential savings214 gal/day27% of occupancy-based consumption16% of total consumption $870/year
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Bottled Water Use vs. Filtration
Slight increase in domestic water consumptionEnergy use reductionNo preference from occupants
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Expected Results
Laboratory water use is relatively fixedAerator savings: 122 gal/day, $455/year (9%)Toilet and urinal savings: 214 gal/day,$870/year (16%)Total Savings
336 gal/day, 122,640 gal/year $1,364 /year 25% of total water use
Reduced energy consumption58% less hot water usedfiltered tap water requires less chilling
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Waste & Recycling
Nicole Gaetjens
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Reduce/ReuseBased on data from Arrillaga pilot....Average 10,500 sheets/person/yr x 139 people x $2.40/500 sheets* = $7,000/yr --> Shift to paperless memo-ing! --> More draft printing
*Stanford Procurement Office
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Reduce/ReuseAverage 150 compostable cups/person/yr x 139 people x $15/150 cups*= $2,085/yr --> Buying 75 $1 Ikea mugs eliminates cup cost! --> Don't forget other foodware! (plates, utensils...)
*Cheap estimate from online prices, assuming Stanford gets better deal
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Recycle Approximate waste from Mitchell: 4.5 lbs trash/person/day* x 139 people x ton/2000lbs x 365 days/yr = 114 tons trash/yr Stanford University's Average Trash Composition by Weight**:-7% Bottles and Cans (8 tons/yr)-15% Paper (17 tons/yr)
Savings From Recycling**:mixed paper and cardboard: +$120/ton -> +$2040/yrbottles and cans: +$900/ton -> +$7,200/yrlandfill: -$46/ton -> -$1150/yr"salvage revenue" = $10,390/yr
Departments don’t pay for garbage directly...BUT "salvage revenue" goes directly to pay for solid waste services including recycling and composting collection.** *http://www.epa.gov/epawaste/nonhaz/municipal/msw99.htm **Julie Muir, head of PSSI
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A far off dream...?
BUT... - about $6/container-Currently, Departments/individuals must buy themselves
Maybe...-find cheaper/unused containers-convince PSSI of demand
Individual recycling bins for each cubicle!-->implemented in Student Housing-->adds convenience
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Food & Compost
Nicole Greenspan
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Food & Compost - Events"Green Event Planning Guidelines"
Promotion/Presentation - 'Green' event!recycled paper, e-invites reusables, recycled mat, sustainable
Food/Drink - sustainable purchasingsustainable, seasonal, local, organic, free-range, fair trade, humane, directtasty vegetarian > meathealthy - fruit, vegees, cheese, bread
Disposables! - service-ware"buffet" style, buy/serve in bulksmaller plates - less food waste!reusable, recyclable, compostable
Zero Waste!recycling, compost bins @ trash binsclear signage!!/trained staffsurplus - donate SPOON/shelters http://www.stanford.
edu/~knudson/ASSU/greenevents.pdf
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Food & Compost - Kitchenettes/OfficesPurchasing:
Encourage similar purchasing to "Green Events"local, organic, humane, fair, direct, vegetarian
Fair Trade Coffee, "healthy" options for snacksReusable/Recyclable/Compostable serviceware
Waste: Organics still make up 30% of the University average trash composition by weight!!
Compost bin in EVERY kitchenette (4) clearly labeled, dif colorswho will take it out? Sustainability "leader"
CBSM - Behavior Change Tools (address barriers)Prompts/Effective Communication - SignageConvenience - compost bins in offices? ($5)Clear guidelines/alternatives - events & lifeIncentives - pride, social norm, commitments
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A few more recommendations...Transportation...
bike/carpool program - online network?Purchasing...
paper - 100% recycled content - same with TPenergy star appliances
Behaviormake things more CONVENIENT - break barriers - actual and perceivedsignage - visuals!, simple info/tips/goalsrefund for reduction - incentive program
More general awareness of available programs on campus... newsletter?
Better insulation (last time a renovation was done, they found socks as the insulation)Use more efficient fans to blow heat lownward in large, open areas during the winter
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ConclusionsSome things are fundamental design mistakes...
No single staircaseNo windows on 4th and 3rd floorsVery few windows can be opened
But some can be fixed!
Easily :)more efficient lighting, appliances, computingmore sustainable purchasing, reduce waste!better recycling/composting programssimple behavior changes - save water, energy
Not quite as easily... Switch Library and 4th floor offices
natural lighting, balcony - open windowsLab energy needs...
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Thank you Fahmida, Noel, Katherine!!(and all the presenters!)
Questions?
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Civil and Environmental Engineering / Earth Systems 109
Green Buildings & Behavior: Creating a Green Student Workforce to Help Implement Stanford’s Sustainability Vision
S T A N F O R D U N I V E R S I T Y