circulatory responses. purpose transport oxygen to tissues transport of nutrients to tissues removal...
Post on 15-Jan-2016
223 views
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Circulatory Responses. Purpose transport oxygen to tissues transport of nutrients to tissues removal of wastes regulation of body temperature](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649d495503460f94a25f62/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Circulatory Responses
![Page 2: Circulatory Responses. Purpose transport oxygen to tissues transport of nutrients to tissues removal of wastes regulation of body temperature](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649d495503460f94a25f62/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Purpose
• transport oxygen to tissues
• transport of nutrients to tissues
• removal of wastes
• regulation of body temperature
![Page 3: Circulatory Responses. Purpose transport oxygen to tissues transport of nutrients to tissues removal of wastes regulation of body temperature](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649d495503460f94a25f62/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Organization
• arteries - away from heart (oxygenated)
• veins - to heart (deoxygenated)
• arterioles - branches
• capillaries - smallest arteries
• venules - smallest veins
• mixed venous blood - from entire body
![Page 4: Circulatory Responses. Purpose transport oxygen to tissues transport of nutrients to tissues removal of wastes regulation of body temperature](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649d495503460f94a25f62/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Structure of the Heart
![Page 5: Circulatory Responses. Purpose transport oxygen to tissues transport of nutrients to tissues removal of wastes regulation of body temperature](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649d495503460f94a25f62/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
The Heart has Two Pumps
• pulmonary - pumps blood to the lungs and back to the left side of the heart from the lungs
• systemic - pumps blood to the rest of the body and back to the right side of the heart
![Page 6: Circulatory Responses. Purpose transport oxygen to tissues transport of nutrients to tissues removal of wastes regulation of body temperature](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649d495503460f94a25f62/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
The Myocardium
![Page 7: Circulatory Responses. Purpose transport oxygen to tissues transport of nutrients to tissues removal of wastes regulation of body temperature](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649d495503460f94a25f62/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Cardiac Cycle
• Systole– contraction phase– 0.3 sec at rest down to 0.2 sec during heavy
exercise
• Diastole– relaxation phase– 0.5 sec at rest down to 0.13 sec during heavy
exercise
![Page 8: Circulatory Responses. Purpose transport oxygen to tissues transport of nutrients to tissues removal of wastes regulation of body temperature](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649d495503460f94a25f62/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
The Cardiac Cycle
• Systole– Contraction phase
• Diastole– Relaxation phase
![Page 9: Circulatory Responses. Purpose transport oxygen to tissues transport of nutrients to tissues removal of wastes regulation of body temperature](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649d495503460f94a25f62/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Pressure Changes During the Cardiac Cycle
![Page 10: Circulatory Responses. Purpose transport oxygen to tissues transport of nutrients to tissues removal of wastes regulation of body temperature](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649d495503460f94a25f62/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Insert fig 9.4
• two heart sounds– 1st closing of the atrioventricular valves– 2nd closing of the aortic and pulmonary valves
![Page 11: Circulatory Responses. Purpose transport oxygen to tissues transport of nutrients to tissues removal of wastes regulation of body temperature](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649d495503460f94a25f62/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Blood Pressure
• arterial blood pressure estimated using sphygmomanometer– systolic/diastolic– males 120/80– females 110/70
• Hypertension– resting BP of 140/90– primary or secondary
![Page 12: Circulatory Responses. Purpose transport oxygen to tissues transport of nutrients to tissues removal of wastes regulation of body temperature](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649d495503460f94a25f62/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Blood Pressure Determination
• Pulse pressure– difference between systolic and diastolic
• Mean arterial pressure (MAP)– product of cardiac output and total vascular
resistance (sig?)– average pressure during cardiac cycle– determines rate of blood flow through system– MAP = DBP +.33 (pulse pressure)
![Page 13: Circulatory Responses. Purpose transport oxygen to tissues transport of nutrients to tissues removal of wastes regulation of body temperature](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649d495503460f94a25f62/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Factors Affecting Blood Pressure
• Blood pressure can be increase by– increase in blood volume– increase in heart rate– increase in blood viscosity– increase in stroke volume– increased peripheral resistance
![Page 14: Circulatory Responses. Purpose transport oxygen to tissues transport of nutrients to tissues removal of wastes regulation of body temperature](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649d495503460f94a25f62/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Anterior View of the Heart
![Page 15: Circulatory Responses. Purpose transport oxygen to tissues transport of nutrients to tissues removal of wastes regulation of body temperature](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649d495503460f94a25f62/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Normal electrocardiogram at rest
![Page 16: Circulatory Responses. Purpose transport oxygen to tissues transport of nutrients to tissues removal of wastes regulation of body temperature](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649d495503460f94a25f62/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Use of ECG for Diagnosis (ST depression)
![Page 17: Circulatory Responses. Purpose transport oxygen to tissues transport of nutrients to tissues removal of wastes regulation of body temperature](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649d495503460f94a25f62/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Cardiac Output
• Q = HR x SV– Q = cardiac output– HR = heart rate– SV = stroke volume
• Implications during exercise???
![Page 18: Circulatory Responses. Purpose transport oxygen to tissues transport of nutrients to tissues removal of wastes regulation of body temperature](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649d495503460f94a25f62/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Insert table 9.1
![Page 19: Circulatory Responses. Purpose transport oxygen to tissues transport of nutrients to tissues removal of wastes regulation of body temperature](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649d495503460f94a25f62/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Regulation of Heart Rate
• Parasympathetic control– cardiovascular control center (medulla
oblongota)– vagus nerve– acetylcholine decreases activity of both SA and
AV nodes– can increase HR by removal
![Page 20: Circulatory Responses. Purpose transport oxygen to tissues transport of nutrients to tissues removal of wastes regulation of body temperature](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649d495503460f94a25f62/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
HR Regulation cont’d
• Sympathetic control– cardiac accelerator nerves at SA and AV nodes– norepinephrine released which increases HR
and force of contraction– responsible above 100 bpm
![Page 21: Circulatory Responses. Purpose transport oxygen to tissues transport of nutrients to tissues removal of wastes regulation of body temperature](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649d495503460f94a25f62/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Autonomic Control of HR
![Page 22: Circulatory Responses. Purpose transport oxygen to tissues transport of nutrients to tissues removal of wastes regulation of body temperature](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649d495503460f94a25f62/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Regulation of Stroke Volume
• end diastolic volume (EDV) - volume of blood in ventricles at the end of diastole– Frank-Starling Law– increase in contractility increases volume
pumped per beat– venous return
• average aortic blood pressure• strength of ventricular contraction
![Page 23: Circulatory Responses. Purpose transport oxygen to tissues transport of nutrients to tissues removal of wastes regulation of body temperature](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649d495503460f94a25f62/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Factors Regulating Venous Return
• venoconstriction– reduces volume capacity of veins to store blood– sympathetic control
• muscle pump
• respiratory pump– inspiration reduces intrathoracic pressure
![Page 24: Circulatory Responses. Purpose transport oxygen to tissues transport of nutrients to tissues removal of wastes regulation of body temperature](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649d495503460f94a25f62/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
The Skeletal Muscle Pump
![Page 25: Circulatory Responses. Purpose transport oxygen to tissues transport of nutrients to tissues removal of wastes regulation of body temperature](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649d495503460f94a25f62/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Components of Blood
• Plasma– Liquid portion of blood– Contains ions, proteins, hormones
• Cells– Red blood cells
• Contain hemoglobin to carry oxygen
– White blood cells– Platelets
• Important in blood clotting
• Hematocrit– Percent of blood composed of cells
![Page 26: Circulatory Responses. Purpose transport oxygen to tissues transport of nutrients to tissues removal of wastes regulation of body temperature](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649d495503460f94a25f62/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Hematocrit
![Page 27: Circulatory Responses. Purpose transport oxygen to tissues transport of nutrients to tissues removal of wastes regulation of body temperature](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649d495503460f94a25f62/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)