The Implementation of Energy Efficient The Implementation of Energy Efficient The Implementation of Energy Efficient The Implementation of Energy Efficient

Buildings Policies in 5 ContinentsBuildings Policies in 5 ContinentsBuildings Policies in 5 ContinentsBuildings Policies in 5 Continents

Webinar October, 12, 2010

MEXICO: ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN HOUSING

Evangelina Hirata NagasakoConsultant in Energy Efficiency in Housing

IMPACT OF BUILDINGS ON THE ENVIRONMENT

Buildings have an important impact on both the health of the environment and the Buildings have an important impact on both the health of the environment and the Buildings have an important impact on both the health of the environment and the Buildings have an important impact on both the health of the environment and the

people who live in them people who live in them people who live in them people who live in them

•MexicoMexicoMexicoMexico is among the first 16 countries with

the higher levels in GHG (greenhouse gas

emissions)

• Environment quality is related to people’s

comfort and preservation of our natural

Total GHG emissions by country 1988Total GHG emissions by country 1988Total GHG emissions by country 1988Total GHG emissions by country 1988

Million tonMillion tonMillion tonMillion ton

comfort and preservation of our natural

resources

• In home building it means careful

attention to the principles of edification to

promote changes in the design and in the

way of living

• The goal is to reduce the consumption of

purchased energy to reduce GHG emissions

ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN HOUSING

32%

• Energy Efficiency- The residential sector represents 32% of the energy consumption - Energy in the residential sector is mainly used for lighting, gas,

space heating and cooling, use of appliances.- Consumed electricity per home in a temperate climate is approx. of

2.4 KWh per year

Residential

Residential

8%

1%2%

3%

54%

32%

Commercial Public Agricultural

Transport Industrial Residential

Industrial

Energy includes: Natural Gas, LP Gas and Electricity. Source: Secretariat of EnergyEnergy includes: Natural Gas, LP Gas and Electricity. Source: Secretariat of EnergyEnergy includes: Natural Gas, LP Gas and Electricity. Source: Secretariat of EnergyEnergy includes: Natural Gas, LP Gas and Electricity. Source: Secretariat of Energy

Residential

GWh 39,863

Consumo Sector

Doméstico

25%

GWh Otro 120,521

Consumo Nacional

75%

� Historically, the residential sector has been Historically, the residential sector has been Historically, the residential sector has been Historically, the residential sector has been

the largest consumer of electricity, not only in the largest consumer of electricity, not only in the largest consumer of electricity, not only in the largest consumer of electricity, not only in

terms of quantity but also in the number of usersterms of quantity but also in the number of usersterms of quantity but also in the number of usersterms of quantity but also in the number of users

This represents 32% of total energy consumption This represents 32% of total energy consumption This represents 32% of total energy consumption This represents 32% of total energy consumption

It is estimated that consumed energy in Mexico is It is estimated that consumed energy in Mexico is It is estimated that consumed energy in Mexico is It is estimated that consumed energy in Mexico is

used for:used for:used for:used for:

ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN HOUSING

used for:used for:used for:used for:

61% 61% 61% 61% cookingcookingcookingcooking

28% 28% 28% 28% water heating water heating water heating water heating

5% 5% 5% 5% lightinglightinglightinglighting

3% 3% 3% 3% coolingcoolingcoolingcooling

In comparison, in OCDE countries the largest In comparison, in OCDE countries the largest In comparison, in OCDE countries the largest In comparison, in OCDE countries the largest

amount of energy consumed is used for space amount of energy consumed is used for space amount of energy consumed is used for space amount of energy consumed is used for space

heating and water heatingheating and water heatingheating and water heatingheating and water heating

40% of the total energy produced40% of all raw materials25% forest products16% of fresh water

ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN BUILDINGS

Buildings consume:Buildings consume:Buildings consume:Buildings consume:

Buildings produce:Buildings produce:Buildings produce:Buildings produce:

35% of CO2 total emissions40% of total solid residues 50% of total FCCs (degrading substances of the ozone layer)

Buildings produce:Buildings produce:Buildings produce:Buildings produce:

5.65.9

9.6

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

Households per Income (2005)

HOME MORTGAGES ALLOCATED BY INCOMEmillions

4.6

5.6

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

Up to 3 MW More than 3 to 5 MW More than 5 to 8 MW. More than 8 MW.

2005

37.3% 22.9% 17.9% 21.9%

millions

HOME CONSTRUCTION

� Middle and

upper income

housing

� Housing Developers

� Land owner

(w/architect & contractors)

� Housing Developers

Single – family

detached

( 2 to 50 houses)

Multi - family or single family housing developments

ByByByBy whomwhomwhomwhom Home Home Home Home typetypetypetypeHousesHousesHousesHouses builtbuiltbuiltbuilt

� Low income

housing

� Housing Developers

� Self-construction

Multi - family or single family housing developments

(100 to 2500 houses)

WHO BUILDS LOW INCOME HOUSING IN MEXICO?

TheTheTheThe tentententen largestlargestlargestlargest homebuildershomebuildershomebuildershomebuilders inininin MéxicoMéxicoMéxicoMéxico buildbuildbuildbuild 25252525 –––– 45454545%%%% ofofofof thethethethe housinghousinghousinghousing

marketmarketmarketmarket

MediumMediumMediumMedium---- andandandand lowlowlowlow----incomeincomeincomeincome housinghousinghousinghousing subdivisionssubdivisionssubdivisionssubdivisions producedproducedproducedproduced bybybyby thesethesethesetheseMediumMediumMediumMedium---- andandandand lowlowlowlow----incomeincomeincomeincome housinghousinghousinghousing subdivisionssubdivisionssubdivisionssubdivisions producedproducedproducedproduced bybybyby thesethesethesethese

developersdevelopersdevelopersdevelopers havehavehavehave 100100100100 –––– 200200200200 houseshouseshouseshouses onononon averageaverageaverageaverage....

However,However,However,However, somesomesomesome ofofofof thethethethe biggestbiggestbiggestbiggest housinghousinghousinghousing developmentsdevelopmentsdevelopmentsdevelopments havehavehavehave moremoremoremore thanthanthanthan

15151515,,,,000000000000 unitsunitsunitsunits....

BecauseBecauseBecauseBecause ofofofof thethethethe limitedlimitedlimitedlimited urbanurbanurbanurban landlandlandland availability,availability,availability,availability, homebuildershomebuildershomebuildershomebuilders havehavehavehave urbanurbanurbanurban

reservesreservesreservesreserves equivalentequivalentequivalentequivalent totototo 2222 ---- 5555 yearsyearsyearsyears andandandand areareareare continuouslycontinuouslycontinuouslycontinuously acquiringacquiringacquiringacquiring moremoremoremore....

HOUSING DEVELOPMENTS

HOUSING DEVELOPMENTS

HOUSING POLICY. CONAVI – Mexico’s National Housing Agency

� To establish Mexico’s Housing Policy

� To propose housing sector regulations and policies and promote the generation of promote the generation of uniform systems and regulations that harmonize the criteria for quality housing

� To promote sustainable housing development.

SUSTAINABLE HOUSING NATIONAL POLICY

►To promote sustainability standards for housing and urban development based on the following key issues:

promoting occupants’ healthpromoting occupants’ healthpromoting occupants’ healthpromoting occupants’ health

enhancing energy efficiency,enhancing energy efficiency,enhancing energy efficiency,enhancing energy efficiency,

improving the efficient use of natural resourcesimproving the efficient use of natural resourcesimproving the efficient use of natural resourcesimproving the efficient use of natural resources

encouraging environmental responsibility, and encouraging environmental responsibility, and encouraging environmental responsibility, and encouraging environmental responsibility, and

keeping it affordablekeeping it affordablekeeping it affordablekeeping it affordablekeeping it affordablekeeping it affordablekeeping it affordablekeeping it affordable

►To promote the development and use of new technologies for energy efficiency to minimize environmental impact.

►To participate in international efforts to reduce globalwarming according to the Kyoto Protocol by reducingemissions produced by the housing industry.

SUSTAINABLE HOUSING POLICY IN MEXICO

Regulation

Research & development

Standards, codes, certification

Building materials, building systems,

evaluation, etc.

RESIDENTIAL CODERESIDENTIAL CODERESIDENTIAL CODERESIDENTIAL CODE

SUSTAINABILITY CRITERIASUSTAINABILITY CRITERIASUSTAINABILITY CRITERIASUSTAINABILITY CRITERIA

CLEAN DEVELOPMENT CLEAN DEVELOPMENT CLEAN DEVELOPMENT CLEAN DEVELOPMENT

MECHANISMMECHANISMMECHANISMMECHANISM

Financing instruments for builders, manufacturers

and buyers

Training and information

Subsidies, Green mortgage, Carbon

certificates, Fiscal and administrative incentives

evaluation, etc.

Building materials, building systems,

evaluation, etc.

MECHANISMMECHANISMMECHANISMMECHANISM

GREEN MORTGAGEGREEN MORTGAGEGREEN MORTGAGEGREEN MORTGAGE

SUBSIDIES PROGRAMSUBSIDIES PROGRAMSUBSIDIES PROGRAMSUBSIDIES PROGRAM

SUSTAINABLE HOUSING SUSTAINABLE HOUSING SUSTAINABLE HOUSING SUSTAINABLE HOUSING

CERTIFICATIONCERTIFICATIONCERTIFICATIONCERTIFICATION

VERIFICATION AND VERIFICATION AND VERIFICATION AND VERIFICATION AND

CERTIFICATION SYSTEMS,CERTIFICATION SYSTEMS,CERTIFICATION SYSTEMS,CERTIFICATION SYSTEMS,

STRATEGIC PROGRAMS

� Technical Criteria for Sustainable Housing Developments

� Site selection and urban development

� Infrastructure and services

� Project Design: solar passive systems

� Building materials (insulation)

� Energy efficient technologies (lighting fixtures, solar water heater)

� Efficient use of water (water treatment, reutilization, rain water)� Efficient use of water (water treatment, reutilization, rain water)

� Home maintenance and solid waste management

� Promote Technologies for sustainable homes.

�Residential Building CodeResidential Building CodeResidential Building CodeResidential Building Code, a model code to be adopted by local

authorities to set minimum building standards, including sustainable

criteria.

�Federal subsidies for new houses and Green MortgagesGreen MortgagesGreen MortgagesGreen Mortgages

�Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)

Strategies for energy efficiency in large housing projects and single family

dwellings in Mexico

TopicsTopicsTopicsTopics:

EFFICIENT USE AND ENERGY SAVING

• Bioclimatic ArchitectureBioclimatic ArchitectureBioclimatic ArchitectureBioclimatic Architecture

ENERGY EFFICIENCY CRITERIA

• Bioclimatic ArchitectureBioclimatic ArchitectureBioclimatic ArchitectureBioclimatic Architecture

• Materials and productsMaterials and productsMaterials and productsMaterials and products

• New Technology (equipmentNew Technology (equipmentNew Technology (equipmentNew Technology (equipment))))

RENEWABLE ENERGY

• Solar energy for water heatingSolar energy for water heatingSolar energy for water heatingSolar energy for water heating

• Photovoltaic: Returning energy onto Photovoltaic: Returning energy onto Photovoltaic: Returning energy onto Photovoltaic: Returning energy onto

the power gridthe power gridthe power gridthe power grid

– Architectural ProjectArchitectural ProjectArchitectural ProjectArchitectural Project

• General CharacteristicsGeneral CharacteristicsGeneral CharacteristicsGeneral Characteristics

• Solar controlSolar controlSolar controlSolar control

• Ventilation• Windows• Building Systems and

Materials• Green Areas

BIOCLIMATIC ARCHITECTURE

• Green Areas• Other climate control

equipment

� Energy Saving Technology� Lighting� Gas� House appliances

� Energy Saving Standards

ENERGY SAVINGS

• Renewable Energy

– Rights for solar radiation

– Solar Water Heater Panels

– Solar power to electricity• Photovoltaic Panels

Technical Criteria for

Sustainable Housing Developments

Green Homes

Urban development

CDM, TechnologiesA.A.A.A. Location, densities, vertical Location, densities, vertical Location, densities, vertical Location, densities, vertical edification and servicesedification and servicesedification and servicesedification and services

I.I.I.I. Integration and proximity to the urban Integration and proximity to the urban Integration and proximity to the urban Integration and proximity to the urban zonezonezonezone

HOUSING PUBLIC POLICY INTEGRATED TO

URBAN DEVELOPMENT

Territorial ordering

Green Homes

Different combinations of Different combinations of Different combinations of Different combinations of

technologies:technologies:technologies:technologies:

•Efficient lightingEfficient lightingEfficient lightingEfficient lighting

•Thermal envelope Thermal envelope Thermal envelope Thermal envelope

•Solar water heating Solar water heating Solar water heating Solar water heating

•Photovoltaic systems Photovoltaic systems Photovoltaic systems Photovoltaic systems

•Efficient air conditioning Efficient air conditioning Efficient air conditioning Efficient air conditioning

•Systems for water saving Systems for water saving Systems for water saving Systems for water saving

zonezonezonezone

II.II.II.II. InfrastructureInfrastructureInfrastructureInfrastructure

III.III.III.III. Land use and housing densityLand use and housing densityLand use and housing densityLand use and housing density

B. Efficient use of energy and water

I. Gas, electric power and thermal envelope

II. Passive systems: Urban and architectural design

III. Water availability, water supply in housing

IV. Wastewater and graywater

C. Solid waste management

I. In housing

II. Green areas

MEXICO’S CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM PROGRAM (CDM) FOR HOUSING

� This program allows projects that

individually would not be feasible for CDM,

to have access to Carbon Stock

Certificates.

�The methodology to measure�The methodology to measure

emissions reductions was

approved by the Executive Board of

the Clean Development

Mechanism of UNFCC on July 17th,

2009

� This methodology is applied to large housing developmentswith common characteristics, such as built area, buildingmaterials, cost, and socio-economic level of occupants.

� It requires the development of a database to provideinformation about gas emissions from houses.

� It requires establishing a monitoring system between the

MEXICO’S CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM PROGRAM (CDM) FOR HOUSING

traditional housing as the baseline and sustainable housing.

� The program sets the precedent for any potential commitmentsin a post-Kyoto regime and allow to the government program togenerate carbon credits

� PoA rules now allow for the inclusion of more than onemethodology. This program will use:

AMS-I.C (for solar water heaters)AMS-III.AE (for electricity efficiency)

CHARACTERISTICS AND ELEMENTS IN THE METHODOLOGY

�Passive solar designs

�Windows overhangs

�Cross ventilation

�Heat bombs

�Insulation

�Efficient technologies

Renewable energyRenewable energyRenewable energyRenewable energy Reductions in gas Reductions in gas Reductions in gas Reductions in gas

consumptionconsumptionconsumptionconsumption

�Solar water heaters

�Automatic water

heaters

�Photovoltaic systems

Reductions in Reductions in Reductions in Reductions in

energy useenergy useenergy useenergy use

�Efficient technologies

�lighting

�Air conditioning

� NeedsNeedsNeedsNeeds aaaa strategystrategystrategystrategy forforforfor thethethethe useuseuseuse ofofofof PhotovoltaicsPhotovoltaicsPhotovoltaicsPhotovoltaics andandandand totototo establishestablishestablishestablish technicaltechnicaltechnicaltechnical

requirementsrequirementsrequirementsrequirements andandandand standardsstandardsstandardsstandards

� DevelopmentDevelopmentDevelopmentDevelopment ofofofof innovativeinnovativeinnovativeinnovative technologiestechnologiestechnologiestechnologies atatatat competitivecompetitivecompetitivecompetitive pricespricespricesprices

ESTIMATED ANNUAL EMISSIONS

Baseline Scenario

TemperateVery hot during

summer Hot all year

Emissions Ton of CO2

Electricity 0.74 2.26 3.79

Gas 0.98 0.98 0.20

TOTAL 1.71 3.24 3.99

Sustainable Housing Scenario

TemperateVery hot during

summer Hot all year

Emissions Ton of CO2

Electricity 0.62 1.06 1.51

Gas 0.49 0.49 0.20

TOTAL 1.10 1.55 1.71

TOWARDS NET-ZERO ENERGY IN HOUSING

To achieve a balance in housing between the energy consumedand the energy produced over a year’s term, a series of elementsrelated to an efficient use of the energy in combination with theuse of renewable energy programs, such as photovoltaic systems,are utilized.are utilized.

REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS

� Use sustainability criteria in a Residential Building

Code towards a “Green Building Code”

� The CEV’s Sustainability Chapter is aimed to provide

criteria for a rating system for green residential buildings

RESIDENTIAL BUILDING CODE CEVRESIDENTIAL BUILDING CODE CEVRESIDENTIAL BUILDING CODE CEVRESIDENTIAL BUILDING CODE CEV

The CEV’s Sustainability Chapter is aimed to provide

criteria for a rating system for green residential buildings

� Criteria in the Residential Building Code shall be

considered part of the requirements of a Clean

Development Mechanism CDM

FINANCING INSTRUMENTS

� Federal Subsidies

The federal government through the program Esta es tu casa, (This is your Home)

contributes to the building of sustainable housing by giving subsidies to low income

housing buyers that are not able to cover financing granted.

Houses shall include basic technical criteria:• Gas,• Electricity• Water

Home buyers are able to get savings on:• Energy consumption• Utility payments (gas, electricity and water)• CO2 emissions

� Green Mortgage

Green mortgage is based on additional capacity generated from savings in consumption

of electricity, gas and water.

Thus, permitting to increase the amount of credit that an employee is entitled to because

of a higher home value derived of the energy efficiency technologies.

FINAL REMARKS

� Mexico is committed to continue the energy efficiency programs inhousing in the short and long terms; these programs are integratedto a CO2 reductions programs.

� Through federal programs, home builders are encouraged to buildlow income housing that includes sustainable characteristics.low income housing that includes sustainable characteristics.

� The manufacturer sector of green technologies has grown to offerhome builders, the products they need at a much more competitiveprice.

� The challenge is that every new house built in Mexico, it's built withsustainable criteria that results in energy savings and CO2reductions to the atmosphere among other benefits toenvironment.

ThankThankThankThank youyouyouyou

Evangelina Hirata Nagasakoehiratan@gmail.com