chu tich ho chi minh voi the duc the thao.pdf

7/26/2019 CHU TICH HO CHI MINH VOI THE DUC THE THAO.pdf

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TRttlNG QUOC UYEN

CHU TICH

HO o n M IMvOi ,

THf: DUC TH6 THAO

NHA XUAT BAN THE DUC THE THAO


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TRNG QUC UYN

CH TCH H CH MINH

vi

TH DC TH THAO

NH XUT BN TH Dc THE THAO

H Ni - 2003


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Li gii tiiu

Hng chc nm qua, nht l trong thi k i mi

hin nay, c s quan tm lnh o ca ng v Nhnc, Th dc th thao nc ta t c nhng thnh

tch ng mng v cc mt: Th dc th thao qun

chng, Gio dc th cht trong nh trng, Th thao

thnh tch cao, o to cn b vv... Nn Th dc th

thao Vit Nam ngv cng khng nh v th ca mnh

ng Nam , Chu v Th gii. Nhng thnh tu lun gn lin vi s quan tm v ch hng ca Bc H

c sinh thi. Nhn k nim 57 nm, ngy Ch tch H

Ch Minh knh yu I'a li ku gi "Ton dn tp th dc

v k Sc lnh thnh lp Nha Thanh nin v Th dc,

t chc tin thn ca ngnh Th dc th thao v nhn

k nim 113 nm ny sinh ca Ngi, Nh xut bnTh dc Th thao ti bn cun sch Ch tich H Ch

M inh vi Th duc T h th a o ('n tnc gi Trng Quc

yn. y l mt vic lm )'t ctug trn trng.

Ciin sc l Ch tch H Ch M in h vi Th dc

Ti thao' xiit bn ln dii v;o nm 2000. c ng

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o bn c trong v ngoi ngnh Th dc th thao

hoan nghnh v n nhn. Ti bn ln ny, cun sch

c b sung v hon chnh hn, nht l phn ni ti ttng H Ch Minh v Th dc th thao, v ang

c ng, Nh nc ta pht trin v ch o c hiu

qu.

Chng ta mi mi ghi nh cng n Bc H dnh

cho Th dc th thao s quan tm chm sc n cn ca

Ngi. Di s lnh o ca ng v Nh nc, NgnhTh dc th thao ang phi hp cht ch vi cc Ngnh,

on th quyt tm thc hin nhng tng v li cn

dn ca Bc H, nhm a s nghip Th dc Th thao

nc nh khng ngng pht trin mnh m.

Ti hy vng cun sch Ch t ch H Ch M inh vi

Th due Th thao ti bn ln ny s gip ch nhiucho cng tc tuyn truyn gio dc, hc tp, nghin cu

t tng H Ch minh v Th dc th thao v tip tc

ng vin tinh thn cuc vn ng Ton dn rn luyn

thn th theo gng Bc H v i thu c nhiu

thnh tch.

PGS.TS Nguyn Danh Thi

B TRNG - CH NHIM Y BAN TH DUC TH thao


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Li ^ gi ton dn tp th dc

ign dn ch, xy dng nc nh, gy i sngmi, vic g cng cn c sc kho mi lm tbiil

cng.

Mi m t ngi dn yu t, tc l lm cho c nc yu

t int phn; mi m t ngi dn mnh kho, tc l gp

phin cho c nc mnh kho.

Vv nn uyn tp th dc, bi b sc kho l hn phn

ca mi m t ngi dn yu nc.

Vic khng tn km, kh khn g, gi trai, gi tr, ai

cng nn lm v ai cng lm dc. Mi ngi lc ng

dy, tp t pht th dc, ngy no cng tp th kh huy t

lu thng, tinh thn y d. Nh vy l sc kbo.Dn cng th nc thnh. Ti mong ng ho ta ai

cng gng tp th dc.

T ti ngy no cng tp.

Thng 3 nm 1946

H CH MINH

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NN THE DC THE THAO MICA NC VIT NAM MI

I. MY NT V NN TH DC TH THAO NC TATRC CCH MNG THNG TM NM 1945

Dn tc Vit nam c hn bn ngn nm lch s dngnc v gi nc. VI ch bt khut, kin cng, dntc ta lm nn nhng chin tch v cng hin hch;

chng gic ngoi xm, m mang t nc, lp nn nonsng g'm vc mi mi vng bn, sng to ra nn vn

ho m bn sc dn tc. trong c vn ho ththao. Nn Th dc th thao dn tc c bt ngun tlao ng sng to v chin u chn^ xm lng canhn dn ta. Trong x hi phong kin v thi k thuc

Php, mc d ch yu mang tnh cht t pht, phm VI v i tng hp, thiu nh hng phc v i chng,nhng nhn chung Th dc th thao ca dn tc Vit

Nam lun thc s gn V(3i cng cuc bo v T quc, qu

ing, gn vi cuc sng ca ngi lao ng, gp phnvun p tinh thn cng ng, lm phong ph i sng

vn ho ca dn tc ta.


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Trong x hi phong kin, mc d c nhiu hn ch dos chi phi ca thc h phong kin thin cn, nr thdc th thao dn tc Vit Nam vn th hin c tnhphong ph ca n thng qua cc hnh thc: Rn luynk nng chin u s dng binh kh (gni, gio v.v...)v tay khng; rn luyn i chn nhanh nhn, bn bdo dai cho binh lnh ra chin trn v thanh nin ginc gi lng; t chc vui chi, thi u vo nhng ngyxun nhn ri, trong cc l hi truyn thng v l mngchin thng, vi cc loi hnh nh; v, vt c truyn, bithuyn, bi ln, chy bng ng, vt dc, ko co, nhc, nh pht, cu chinh, nm cn, y gy, uanga, ua voi v.v...

Mt tch cc ca phong tro tp luyn cc mn ththao dn tc trong cc thi k lch s ca x hi phongkin l n lun gn lin vi vic hun luyn qun shng ngy trong cc binh chng nh b binh, k binh,tng binh, thy binh v php nh ch bng tayhng, bng binh kh, rt ui ch, vt sng, vto, bng rng, cc php nh trn, ph trn vv...Trong dn chng mi khi c gic ngoi xm th phongtro luyn tp v ngh, rn luyn sc kho c dy lnmnh m trong thanh nin. Cc b lo ng vin conchu mnh tch cc luyn tp, sn sng bo v xm

rg. qu hng T quc. Nhn dn ta gi tr gi trai,d c hay khng c luyn tp, nhng ai cng rtchung v dng. H cao v knh trng nhng ngi

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c sc kho tt, th cht cng trng, gii v, gii vt,dng cm chin 'u chng xm lng, chng p bc bc

lt bo tn. Nhn dn ta cng rt ham thch xem v cv nhng cuc u v, u vt, bi thuyn, bi chi vcc mn th thao dn tc khc c t chc trong cc

ngy l hi, ngy l mng chin thng.

Mhng mt tch cc ca Th dc th thao trong xhi tr i qu a nh iu th h c kt tin h thn h truyn

thng thng v ca dn tc ta, mt trong nhngtruyn thng cao p truyn t i ny qua i khctrong sut bn ngn nm lch s dng nc v gi ncv ngy nay chng ta cn phi pht huy mnh mtrong s nghip xy dng nn Th dc th thao x hich ngha Vit Nam.

Mc d b thc h phong kin chi phi lm cho Thdc th thao ca dn tc ta cn c nhiu mt hn ch cbn nh: phong tro tp luyn phn nhiu mang tnht pht, c chng hay ch, khng c c s x hi vngchc, thiu tnh i chng, ngi c tui hu nh khngtham gia tp luyn, n gii thng b cm k tp luyn,vui chi cc mn th thao dn tc do t tng lc huTrng nam khinh n, tuy vy lch s dn tc ta cnt tng c nhng i qun n hng mnh vi nhiu n

tng gii v ngh trong cuc khi ngha ca Hai BTrng v cuc khi ngha ca B Triu, lm nn nhngchin cng hin hch.

Cul th k XIX v u th k XX, mt s" mn th

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thao hin i t phng Ty c a vo nc ta lmcho Th dc th thao Vit Nam phong ph hn v loi

hnh. Do tnh ch t si ni, ho hng ca cc mn ny thu ht khng t thanh thiu nin nc ta t t chc vuichi, thi u giao hu khng ch th nh th m c ccng qu. Bn cnh phong tro tp luyn vvii chi thi

u t pht cc mn th thao hin i ca thanh thiunin, phong tro tp luyn cc mn th thao dn tcnht l v, vt vn c duy tr. Nhiu thanh nintrng kin gii v ngh xung vo cc i qun khingha chng thc dn Php ca Trng Cng nh,Phan nh Phng, Hong Hoa Thm v.v... v cngchnh t thc dn Php rt lo s, chng cm on,bt b nhng thanh nin Vit Nam luyn v, rn sc.

Gn 100 nm thng tr t nc ta, thc dn Phplon ton khng c thc tm ch trng ph t trin nnTh dc Th thao Vit Nam. Ngc li, chng s dngTh dc Th thao v khuyn khch pht trin mt s'mn th thao hin i nhm phc v li ch thng trca bn thc dn bn x.

ng trc phong tro cch mng ca nhn dn ta

ngy cng dng cao, nm 1940, vin thiu t hi qunPhp tn l Ducouroy xng phong tro Kho phng s" nhm thu ht mt b phn thanh thiu nin

ta vo cc cuc ua tranh ginh git, n thua gay gttrn cc u trng th thao trong nc v ng Dngnh cc cuc ua'xe p xuyn Vit, vng quanh ng

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Dng, cc trn bng gia cc i tuyn thanh ninca ba min Bc, Trung, Nam, nhm lm cho thanh

nin ta xa ri hoc lng qun nhim v u tranh ginhc lp cho dn tc, hoc li ko thanh nin lm tay saic lc cho chng, chia r nhn dn ta chng d bthng tr. Trong cng vn ho Vit Nam nm1943, Ban Thng v Trung ng ng Cng sn ngDng (ng Cng sn Vit Nam ngy nay) vchtrn d tm ca thc dn Php thng qua cc phongtro Thanh nin Hng o". Kho phng s v.v...Lm ra v sn sc n tr dc. th dc v c dc^^cho tui tr Vit Nam. ng ch Trng Chinh, nguynTng B th ng ta cng tng ch r: Bn thc dnPhp... gy phong tro thanh nin th dc rm rkhng ngoi mc ch chinh phc v m hoc thanh

nin Vit Nam. khin cho h qun nhim v cu nc,nhng sc lm tru nga cho Nh t Php Sauny, trong hi k S phn bi ca ti ng Dng"^3ucouroy th nhn m mu ca y dng Th dc ththao vo mc ch ngn chn cuc u tranh gii phngdn tc ca nhn dn Vit Nam, thc dn Php d

b tip lc thng tr t nc ta.

(1) cng vn ho Vit Nam (nm 194S) ca Ban thng v

Trung ng ng Cng sn ng Dng, NXB S tht, Ha

Ni 1971, tr 365)

(2) Trng Chinh, Ch ngha Mc v n ho Vit Nam. in ln

th hai, NXB S Tht, H Ni 1974, tr5, 60)

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Tm li, mc d thc dn c tnh lm trch hng,song Th dc th thao nc ta trong thi k thuc Php

v c bn vn thuc v dn tc, do nhn dn t gydng ln phc v cho mnh, cho t nc. Nhiu mnth thao dn tc v mt s" mn th thao hin i vnc qun chng lao ng, nht l la tui thanh thiu

nin t chc tp luyn, vui chi, thi u trong nhngngy xun, nhng ngy hi h nhm duy tr i sng

vn ho th cht v pht huy tinh thn thng v cadn tc. Nhiu mn phi V dn tc c nhn dn tagi gn, tp luyn b mt cc lng qu, trn ni rng,sn sng chng li bn thc dn thng tr.

n. CH TCH H CH MINH KHAI SINH NN THDC TH THAO CCH MNG

1. Ngnh Th dc th thao cch mng ra i

Trong x hi phong kin, nc ta khng h c mtt chc chuyn trch no iu hnh cc hot ng thdc th thao ca dn tc. Cc hot ng ny ch yugn vi vic qun ca triu nh, do cc tng lnh trctip tin hnh t chc hun luyn, tp dt, vui chi,thi u trong binh lnh. Cn phong tro Th dc ththao dn tc ca dn chng th Nh nc phong kin ttrung ng xung n tn x thn hu nh khng ng

ra trc tip iu hnh cc hot ng ny. Phong troch yu mang tnh t pht trong thanh nin, thiunin, trung nin, h sng to ra cc tr chi vn ng

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vui kho, hnh thnh cc l vt, lp ra cc mn phi vthut, t t chc tp luyn, vui chi, thi u tranh gii

trong lng, ngoi x. Tuy nhin vo nhng ngy lmng chin thng, Nh nc phong kin vn huy ngcc mn th thao dn tc, cc tr chi dn gian t trongdn chng t chc vui chi, thi u gy khng khho hng trong ngy l.

Thi k nc ta di ch thng tr ca bn thc dn

Php, trc nm 1940, thc dn Php cho lp ra HiHng o Vit Nam nm trong Hi Hng o Php

quc. Hi Hng o Vit Nam ch ch trng thu ht

thanh nin, thiu nin v cch n mc, hc hnh theo

l Php, cn hot ng th dc th thao ch chim phn

rt nh. Nm 1941, nh cm quyn Php nc ta cho

thnh lp Tng cuc Th dc th thao thanh nin" iu hnh phong tro Kho phng s nhm ngn

chn cuc u tranh gii phng dn tc ca nhn dn

ta ang pht trin mnh m. T chc ny cng VI

phong tro Kho phng s b tan r hon ton

trc cuc Tng khi ngha thng Tm nm 194 ca

nhn dn ta.Ch tch H Ch Minh cng VI ng ta lnh o

ton dn tin hnh cuc cch mng thng Tm thnh

cng, lp nn nc Vit Nam dn ch cng ho. t

nc va ginh c c lp dn tc gp phi bit

bao kh khn, tr lc bi th trong gic ngoi cng

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thm VI nn kinh t do ch c li rt ngho nn

c hu, nhn dn nhiu ni i rt, dch bnh honh

hnh, sc kho gim st nghim trng, tht hc v mch nng n. Trong hon cnh Ch tch H Ch Minh

cng vi ng ta ra nhiu ch trng ht sc

ng n, kp thi nhm y li nhng kh khn tr

lc v Ngi ku gi ng bo c nc chng gic i,

gic dt. gic ngoi xm. ng thi do nhn thc su

sc tm quan trng ca vai tr sc kho con ngi, sciho nhn dn, Ch tch H Ch Minh sm k sc

lnh thnh lp ngnh Y t v ngnh Th dc th thao

ca nc Vit Nam mi.

Trc tt t Du na thng, Ch tch H Ch Minh

k Sc lnh s14. ngy 31 thng ging nm 1946 thnh

p Nha Th dc Trung ng thuc B Thanh nin, tin

thn ca ngnh Th dc th thao ngy nay. Ngnh Th

dc th thao mi ra i c nhim v l lin lc mt

thit vi B Y t v B Gio dc nghin cu phng

php v thc hnh th dc trong ton quc nhni

Tng b sc kho quc dn v ci to ni ging Vit

Nam. tng cng v m rng cc hot ng th'dcth thao v trc tip ch o cng tc gio dc th cht

ho th h trc. Ch tch H Ch Minh k tip sc lnhS ( 33 ngy 27 thng 3 nm 1946 thnh lp Nha Thanh

nin v Th dc thuc B Quc gia Gio dc.

Ngnh Th dc th thao mi l c quan tliam mu

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ca Chnh ph cch mng do H Ch tch ng u.

y l c quan qun l, iu hnh cng tc th dc th

thao trong phm vi c nc. Ngnh Th dc th thaomi l c quan c trch cng tc th dc th thao v li

ch ca nhn dn v t nc. iu cha tng c

trong lch s dn tc Vit Nam t trc cch mng

thng Tm.

2. T tng H Ch Minh ch hng cho s hnh

thnh v pht trin nn Th dc th thao cchmng

Ch tch H Ch Minh, Ngi sng lp nn Cng ho

Dn ch Vit Nam. Ch mi ny quyt nh s ra di

v bn cht cch mng ca nn Th dc th thao m'1 .

nn Th dc th thao mi hnh thnh v pht trin

mang ban cht cch mng, v li ch ca ton dn v t

nc th iu c bn nht l phi c s nh hng ng

n, ch ra c mc tiu, nhim v r rng'. dp

ng iu , Ch tch H Ch Minh vit "LI ku gi

ton dn tp th dc. Li ku gi ton dn tp th dc

ca Ng'(Ji nh nh dng to chiu, dnh hng' cho slnh thnh v pht thn nn Th dc th thao mi ca

nc Vit Nam mi.

Vo mt bui chiu ci than^ .-i nm I94(i, ti tr HO'

Nha Th dc Trun^r ng (nay l nh s 8 ng on.u

Diu, H Ni) tp th cn h ca Nha ang tho luii

cng tc. tm cch pht ns phong tro th dc th

l


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thao, bng nhin ng B trng B thanh nin kim

Gim c Nha th dc Trung ng i vo, h hi t.ing

bo: H Ch tch vit Li ku gi ton dn tp thdc. Li ku gi tp th dc do Bc H t tay vit vivn phong bnh d, r rng, ai cng c th hiu c.

Ngi vit:

"Gi gn dn ch, xy dng nc nh, gy i sng

mi, vic gi cng cn c sc kho mi lm thnh cng

Mi mt ngi dn yu t, tc l lm cho c nc yut mt phn; mi mt ngi dn mnh kho, tc l gp

phn cho c nc mnh kho.

Vy nn luyn tp th dc, bi b sc kho l bn

phn ca mi mt ngi dn yu nc.

Vic khng tn km, kh khn gi, gi trai, gi tr,

ai cng nn lm ai cng lm c. Mi ngi lc ng

dy, tp t pht th dc, ngy no cng tp thi kh huyt

lu thng, tinh thn y . Nh vy l sc kho.

Dn cng thi nc thnh. Ti mong ng bo ta ai

cng gng tp th dc.

T ti ngy no cng tp" (1)Anh em trong Nha Th dc Trung ng v cng phn

khi v Li ku gi tp th dc ca Bc H l nh sng dn

ng, ch li cho cng tc th dc th thao cch mng.

(1) H Chi Minh: Ton tp, xu t bn ln th hai, NXB Chnh tr

Quc gia, H Ni, 1995, tp 4, trang 212

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Bc H ku gi ng bo tp Ih dc. thc cht l rn

uyn thn th bng nhiu hnh thc, phng php v

nhng bi tp vi nhng ng tc k thut c tnh quylut, khoa hc. T Th dc vi ngha l gio dc th

cht. Vo nhng nm u th k XX, c Phan Bi

Chu, nh yu nc ln tng ni ti th dc gm

th dc tay khng, th dc c dng c, th dc gii tr...

Nguyn Th tng Phm Vn ng cng ni: Ch

th dc hay lm! Th dc l gio dc c th, o to cth, rn luyn c th... Vn ng l th dc

Nh vy. th dc l gio dc th cht, rn luyn thn

th nhm bo v v tng cng sc kho cho con ngi.

Hnh thc, phng php v bi tp th dc rt phong

ph.Theo ngha , Bc H ku gi ton th ng botp th dc khng ch l tp theo bi th dc ph thng

(bi th dc bui sng cho mi ngi), m cn c th tp

theo cc hnh thc, phng php, bi tp th lc khc

nhau, tv thuc iu kin sc kho, la tui, thi gian

ri, ngh nghip, hon cnh ca mi ngi. Bn thn

Bc H sng no cng t tp bi th dc ph thng, biquyn, t tay v.v...

(1) Uy ban Th dc th thao: Xy dng v pht trin nn Th dc

th thao Vit Natii dn tc, khoa hc v nhn dn, NXB

TDTT, H Ni 1999, tr 186

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Li ku gi ton dn tp th dc ca H Ch tch

ch ra mc ch, tnh cht ca phong tro th dc th

thao, ca nn th dc th thao mi ca nc Vit Nammi. Ngi ch r; Mc ch l pht trin phong tro tp

th dc ng gi gn v bi 'p sc kho cho mi ngi,

Dn cng th nc thnh. Sc kho ca ton th ng

bo lm nn s thnh vng cho t nc, cuc sng m

no hnh phc cho nhn dn. Ngi ch r tnh cht i

chng ca phong tro th dc th thao, ca nn th dcth thao mi; Ti mong ng bo ta ai cng gng tp

th dc, t gi tr gi trai u cn thit tp th dc.

Tp th dc l yu nc, bi v mi ngi dn c sc

tho mi tham gia Gi gn dn ch, xy dng nc

nh, gv i sng mi, vic g cng cn c sc kho mim thnh cng... Dn cng th nc thnh.

lii ku gi ton dn tp th dc ca Bc H vi

tng cao p ca Ngi c nh hng su sc ti tnh

cm, tinh thn v hnh ng ca nhn dn v mi

ngi hng hi lm theo ting gi ca v lnh t knh

yu. Ch hai thng sau khi Li ku gi ton dn tp thdc ca Bc H ng trn bo Cu quc s 199, ngy

27-3-1946, trong ton quc dy ln phong tro

Kho v nc si ni. Phong tro Kho v nc thc

cht l bc khi u ca nn th dc th thao mi cn

non tr nhng y sinh lc pht trin.

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3. Ch tch H Ch Minh ch thn pht n g

phon g tro Kho v nc

Ngy 26-5-1946, Bc H n d l khai mc Ngy

thanh nin vn ng t chc Th H Ni. Theo

mt shi k v ti liu lch s th chiu ngy 25-5, c

trn giao hu bng gia i V quc qun v i

Thanh nin cu quc Hong Diu. Bc H n sn

vn ng v qu bng danh d, m mn cho trngiao hu. Ngy 26-5, bt u t gi sng, nhng m

my trng cn lng vng trn bu tri th H Ni

sau mt m h lng gi, ph" phng bng nhin tng

bng, rn rng hn ln. Cuc diu hnh ca t v v

thanh nin Th din ra rm r trn hu khp cc

ng ph" ln ca 5 ca , va i va h vang khuhiu; H Ch tch mun nm!; Nhit lit hng ng

Li ku gi tp th dc ca H Ch tch! v ht bi

Kho v nc. Cc on diu hnh cui cng ko v

Khu ng Dng hc x (khu trng i hc Bch

Khoa H Ni ngy nay). Sut ngy 26-5 din ra cc

hot ng si ni nh cm tri, thi ng din bi thdc ph thng, thi vn ngh... ng 19 gi 20 pht,

hng nghn ngi v cng sung sng c n Bc H

n d ngy hi vui kho ny. Ngi tin n chm

Ngn la thing pht ng phong tro Kho v nc.

Mgay sau Ngy thanh nin vn ng, phong tro

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Kho v ncdy ln si ni khp Th H Ni. T

Th H Ni, phong tro Kho v nc nhanh chong

lan to ti cc tnh, thnh ph" Bc, Trun, Nam ca Tquc v phong tro c pht trirn mnh m nhiu

ph" phng, trng hc, x nghip, lng mc, cng s,

cc n v t v, v quc qun, cc c s on Thanh

nin cu quc. Phong tro Kho v nvc c nhiu loi

hnh tp luyn thi u giao hu, vui chi nh Bi Th

dc ph thng, in kinh, bi li, bng , bng chuyn,bng r. qun vt, cc mn th thao dn tc v tr chi

dn gian nh v, vt c truyn, bi thuyn, bi chi,

nh pht, cu chinh, ko co, nm cn, y gy v.v...

S pht trin phong tro tp luyn theo cc loi hnh

ty thuc vo iu kin v truyn thng mi a

phng, mi vng. ng o cc tng lp nhn dn baogm nam n thanh thiu nin, ngi trung cao tui, hc

sinh, sinh vin, gio vin, cng chc, tr thc, cng

nhn, nng dn, cc chin s v quc qun, t v thnh,

dn qun x, thn, lng u nhit tnh tham gia tp

uyn.

Bc H mi sng thc dy trc 5 gi sng rnluyn thn th. Ngi cng cc chin s cnh v vo mi

bui ti, tri trn^ sng tp v khng bit mt mi. Bc

H cn dnh thi gian n ng vin phong tro Kho

v nc v thm cc lp o to, bi dng cn b,

hng dn vin, hu n luyn vin th dc th thao Th

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H Ni. Ngi ni chuyn, ch bo cho cc hc vin

hc tp tt v cc c s hng dn ng bo tp luyn

th dc, bi b sc kho.Phong tro Kho v nc pht trin si ni trong

sut nm 1946. Nhiu c s in hnh ca phong tro,

nhiu c nhn nu gng tp luyn cho mi ngi noithoo. nhiu cn b, hun luyn vin, hng dn vin

n ln t chc, tuyn truyn, hng dn phong tro

qun chng tp th dc th thao. Nhm biu dngngi tt vic tt v cc mt v v rn luyn sc kho.

hng dn, ph t trin phong tro th dc th thao, gianm 1946, Ngi vit bi bo: "Noi gng anh em t vchin u Hong Diu (H Ni) ng trn bo Cu

quc s" 266 ngy 14-6-1946 biu dng cc chin s

ca n v v khuyn khch ng vin cc ni khc noitheo v cc mt nh; tc phong sinh hot rt nhanh

nhn, khn trng, trt t, ngn np, gn gng, v sinh

tt, cng tc x hi tch cc, sng 5 gi dy tp thdc th thao. Rt cm ng l Bc H biu dngtinh thn ca cc chin s t v Hong Diu xung phong

i cc tnh pht trin phong tro Kho v nc. Nhc Bc ch hng, nn Th dc th thao cch mngcn non tr pht trin r nt v i ng hng: th

dc th thao qun chng, gio dc th cht hc ing,o to bi dng lc lng cn b, hun luyn vin.

gio vin, hng dn vin th dc th thao. l nhng

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vu t' c bn ca nn th dc th thao mi. v th thaothnh tch cao lc by gi ch mi c mt s hot ng

t bi v nhu cu, iu kin v hon cnh ca tnc cha cho php pht trin. Tuy vy nn Th dc

th thao mi thc s l mt nn Th dc th thao

tin b, v dn v nc v l iu cha tng c trong

ch s dn tc ta t trc cch mng thng Tm.

Vi nhng vic lm nh; ra sc lnh thnh lp

ngnh Th dc th thao, vit Li ku gi ton dn tpth dc, ch thn pht ng phong tro Kho v ncv ng vin, c v phong tro Kho v nc pht

trin si ni, r rng. Ch tch H Ch Minh khaisinh nn Th dc th thao mi ca nc Vit Nam mi.

K t ngy 19-12-1946, khi c nc tin hnh cuc

khng chin chng thc dn Php xm lc th tt ccc ngnh, cc lnh vc u c chuyn hng hot

ng sang thi chin vi khu hiu Tt c cho khng

chin. Nn Th dc th thao mi ang trn phttrin, cng c chuyn hng hot ng theo phngthc gn vi cc phong tro thi ua i quc do Bc H,

ng v qun i ta ch trng pht ng, nh ccphong tro Luyn qun lp cng, Luyn vai trm

cn, luyn chn ngn dm, Hu phng thi ua vi

tin phng, Thi ua gio dc: c dc, tr dc, th

dc, Thi ua luyn tp thn th cho kho mnh v.v...

Trong thi chin, mc tiu Kho v nc vn c

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duy tr trong cc i tng nh thanh thiu nin, hcsinh, sinh vin cc vng t do, dn qu n du kch hu

phng, b i C H trn cc no ng khng chin.in hnh l ni rng Vit Bc, ni Bc H cngTrung cng ng, Chnh ph vi hng chc ngn cnb, chin s sng, lm vic, cng tc, hc tp, bo v cnc khng chin, xy dng lc lng, sn sng chinu, dy ln phong tro rn luyn thn th thngxuyn, si ni. Phong tro tp th dc sng, chy, bi.

i b. leo ni, chi bng chuyn, luyn v thut... viho kh: Kho chin thng gic Php. Bc H khngch gng mu m cn ng vin cn b. chin s tchcc rn luyn thn th. Nhng cu chuyn ghi li sauy ni ln Ch tch H Ch Mmh rt chm lo phongtro rn luvn thn th ca cn b, chin s ta cn c

a khng chin chng Php, nht l i vi cn b caocp trong Trung ng v Chnh ph:

Trong nhng ngy u ca cuc khng chin chngthc dn Php xm lc, tuy gp nhiu kh khnnhng cc cuc hp ca Hi ng Chnh ph vn ctin hnh u n, Bc H thng xuyn n hp v

ch tr hi ngh. Thng thng hp vo bui ti. c cuchp ko di ti tn 3 gi sng mi kt thc. Bi vy. ccthnh vin trong Hi ng Chnh ph thng c chng chun,^

Vo nhng ngy u thng 10-1948, Hi ng Chnh

ph hp. Dp y, Bc H thng n ng chung cng

cc i biu v cc bui sng u dy sm cng mi

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ngi tp th dc. Ngy 3-10-1948 va sn tinh m

gia vng rng ni Vit Bc tnh mch, sng sm cn

ging y, tri ng but lnh, nhng Bc H dy vnh thc cc thnh vin trong Hi ng Chnh ph ra

sn tp th dc. Thy Bc gi, mi ngi t cc ng chB trng, Th trvng, t ngi nhiu tui n cc

ng ch cn tr, u tung chn ra sn cng tp, qun

di ci kh hu rt but ca ma ng gia vng rng

ni.iu khin bui tp l ng ch L Vn Hin - B

ti^ng B Ti chnh, mt thnh vin trong Hi ng

Chnh ph. Hm y Bc H ci trn (d tri rt gi

nh), cng xp hng tp vi mi ngi. Va tp, Bccng cc thnh vin vui v ht bi;

'Khi bnh minh ln, vn mn phng ng,nh dng chiu ra tng bng,

Ta cng vui ht,

C'gng luyn rn thm sc,

Tm thn n nang do mm,

i ta cn phen chin u,Sc ta s em ra dng,

Ch hng vang ca

ai ht dc ht ln gia bui tp th dc bui sng

() Bo Gio dc v Thi i ch nht 19-5-996 (C L Vn Hin

nh i)

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hm y, ai cng cm thy hav v hng hn, lm cho

khng kh bui tp cng hng hi. si ni. Sut t u

n cui, khng ai cm thy mt mi, mc d khng tngi v c m hi.

Bui tp kt thc, mi ngi tr v phng ca mnh

gp chn mn, ri i ra mt, n sng tip tc cng

vic

Bi ht trn chnh l bi ca: "Bnh minh trn chin

khu do B trng B Ti chnh L Vn Hin sng tc,c Bc H khuyn khch cho ph bin thnh bi ca

rn luyn thn th t rong cn b, chin s Vit Bc thi

chng chin chng thc dn Php.

Nh bo ni ting Thp MI k cu chuyn rt cm

ng v Bc H n c cc i biu ra sn tp th dc

nh sau:

V sng, rt ngt, thc dy sm, tri cha sng, mi

ngi thy Bc ngoi sn gi cc i biu ra tp th

dc v cn i khua tng nh i biu. Cc i biu Nam

B vn km chu rt, cho nn ngi dy sm. Rt tinh

nghch, cc ng ch i biu Nam b bo nhau c nmtrn ging m h mt, hai... y nh ang ng ngoi

sn c tp th dc tht. Bc khm ph ra tr gian ln

nghch ngm . Th l b mnh, v s b mnh" ,

ti c chng kin v rt khoi ci phong cch c o

(1) Theo Nguyn Thnh Thi (Vin Bo tng H Ch Minh)

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ca cc ng ch Nam B. Chnh t bui y m ti kt

thn vi mt vi ng ch tr nht on. Mi my nm

sau, i chin trng vo B2 gp li mt vi ng ch quen thn t i hi ng ln th hai. Gp nhau, li

vi nhau hoi v k nim vui, trong Bc vo lt

chn ln ca cc anh chng nm trn ging tp th

dc bng mm (Nhn dn hng thng, s" 2, thng 6

nm 1997).

Cu chuyn ny ni ln phn no s quan tm rtchu o ca Bc H i vi vic tp th dc, rn luyn

thn th c sc kho ca cn b, ng vin trong

khng chin chng thc dn Php. Mt tc phong su

st d l trong mt s vic bnh thng, nhng vo

cng v lnh t th qu l v cng knh phc. Bc dy:

vic g c li cho dn, cho nc, cho ng th ta phi htsc lm, tht l thm tha bit bao!

Mt cu chuyn khc do c L Vn Hin k li, th

hin Bc H r t ch ti nhng bi tp c tc dng tch

cc rn luyn thn th, cn c ph bin v hng dn

cho cn b, chin s tp luyn, nhm tng thm khngkh vui kho;

Trong khng chin chng Php, chin khu Vit

Bc, sng no ti cng cng anh em trong B Ti chnh

tp th dc. Hng thng, v hp Hi ng Chnh ph,

ti vn gi np y. l bi tp th dc m ti tp t

li b bt vo ngc Kon Turn ln th hai (1940 - 1945).

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Hi y qu'c Php n p t nhn khc lit, t tng

ca t nhn din bin phc tp. Ban lnh o t nhn

quyt nh y mnh phong tro rn luyn thn thva rn luyn sc kho, va to khng kh lc

quan trong nh t bn cnh phong tro thi th. biu

din vn ngh. Do ti sng tc li theo bi ht

Anh hng xa l bi ht ph bin trong hng o

sinh thi y. Li ht nh sau; Khi bnh minh vn mn

phng ng... ch hng vang ca.Ni dung bi tp th dc c da theo cc ng tc

V Ty Sn, Ngc trn ngn i. Bi tp c ph

bin, anh em hng ng si ni.

Vit Bc, sng no Bc H cng dy sm tp Thi

cc quyn. Thy ti va tp va ht bi trn, Bc bo

tp li t u cho Bc xem. Xem xong. Bc bo ti d3'

(hng dn) cho anh em trong c quan cng tp... (Bo

Gio dc v Thi i Ch nht, ngy 19-5-1996).

Ngoi vic ng vin phong tro rn luvn t.hn th

pht trin si ni chin khu Vit Bc v cng tp

uyn vi mi ngi xung quanh, Bc H cn trc tiphng dn cc B trng v Th trng trong Chnh

ph khng chin tp v. Bc trc tip vch ra k hoch,

ni dung, thi gian biu tp luyn ca i cnh v. Bc

nhc nh, ch dn cho cc chin s tr cch luyn tp v

thut ph hp vi th cht ca mi con ngi.

Trong nhng nm khng chin chng thc dn Php,

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mt trong nhng sinh hot vn ho tinh thn vui ti

nh mnh chin khu Vit Bc, l phong tro tp

uvn, giao hu bng chuyn ca cn b, chin s. Tnm 1947 - 1948 n cui nm 1953 u nm 1954, ti

cn c a khng chin c nhiu i bng chuyn c

thnh lp. C quan Ph Ch tch ng Tn Tro

cng thnh lp mt i c gn chc cu th, trong

Bc H l mt cu th tham gia tp luyn rt tch cc,

thi u rt si ni. Mi ln Bc tham gia u giao huth khng kh trong sn v ngoi sn ho hng v phn

chn hn ln, tinh thn c v ca ngi xem rt si

ng.

Thnh thong Bc H ng ra lm trng ti cho cc

trn u giao hu gia cc i mnh. ng ch Vn

Chn, mt cn b ca n v bo v Bc, bo v cc ngch lnh o nh li, c ln Bc H cm ci iu khin

mt trn giao hu bng chuyn nh sau:

Trong iu kin sng v cng tc chin khu Vit

Bc. cn b chin s ni chung v n v bo v ni ring

gp mun vn kh khn, thiu thn. Nhng cn bchin s vn Vui khng chin, tch cc tng gia sn

xut, tp vn ngh v hot ng th thao. Tt nm

Canh Dn (1950), c quan t chc thi u bng chuyn

mng xun. Bc lm trng ti v ra iu kin nu

i no thng s c thng mi ngi mt iu thuc

l (thi k y thuc l rt khan him, nht l Vit

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Bc). Khi kt thc trn u, c i thng ln i thua

u xp hng ch nhn qu ca Bc. Thy vy Bc bo;

Vy l nm nay (tc nm Canh Dn) chng ta uthng (Bo An ninh Th gii s 143, ngy 16-9-1999).

Trn y l mt s" nt v phong tro rn luyn thn

th, vui kho ca cn b chin s ta Vit Bc. Tiu

biu cho phong tro l v lnh t knh vu ca dn

tc ta - Ch tch H Ch Minh v i. Ngi sng trong

rng, trn ni, lao ng, tp luyn, vui kho cng vicn b chin s v Ngi cn ng vin, hng dn h

thng xuyn rn luyn thn th.

Nh vy, trong khng chin chng Php, th dc th

thao nc ta vn gi vng tnh cht i chng v mc

ch chn chnh ca n, vn phc v c lc cc i

tng tham gia khng chin nh b i C H, dnqun du kch, t v, hc sinh, thanh thiu nin, in

hnh l phong tro rn luyn thn th, phong tro VUI

kho chin khu Vit Bc. iu d chng t rng, nn

Th dc th thao mi Vit Nam c hnh thnh v

pht trin t u nm 1946 v chuyn hng trongnhng nm ton quc khng chin chng thc dn

Php, c tnh cht lin tc, nht l phong tro rn

uyn thn th Kho khng rhin kin quc", th

lin tinh thn thng v ca dn tc ta khng bao gi

b mai mt. Mc d trong hon cnh khng chin, cuc

sng ca qun chng lao ng, ca cn b, chin s ta

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rt gian kh, n, mc, thuc men cn rt thiu thn,

nhng sc kho ni chung vn c gi vng, tinh thn

"Khng chin kin quc ngv cng cao. ng gp vovic gi gn sc kho ca cn b, chin s v nhn dn

ta trong th(ji k chng thc dn Php, r rng c vai tr

ca nn Th dc th thao mi m ct li ca n l phong

tro Kho v nc, phong tro Kho khng chin

kin quc. V chnh nh gp phn lm nn sc

mnh tng hp a cuc khng chin chng thc dnPhp ca dn tc ta n thng li v vang.

m. NN TH DC TH THAO CCH MNG - TINTHN CA NN TH DC TH t h a o x h i c h NGHA VIT NAM

Sau khi cuc khng chin chng thc dn Php canhn dn ta thng li, cch mng Vit Nam chuyn

sang trang mi. Min Bc sau ci cch rung t v c

bn hon thnh cch mng dn tc dn ch nhn

dn. chuyn sang thi k khi phc kinh t (1958 -

1960). Min Nam do M ht cng Php dng ln chnh

quyn tay sai, bin min Nam nc ta thnh thuc akiu mi, lm ch da tin cng min Bc. 't nc tatm thi b chia ct thnh hai min vi hai ch i

lp nhau. T c dim cd bn , ng ta v Ch tchH Ch Minh vch nh cch mng Vit Nam trong

giai on mi c hai nhim v chin lc khc nhau,

tin hnh ng thi mi min, nhng quan h vi

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nhau rt cht ch: Mt l, cch mng x hi ch ngha

min Bc, xy dng min Bc thnh cn c vng

mnh ca cch mng c nc. Hai l. cch mng dntc dn ch min Nam nhm gii phng min Nam

khi ch thng tr ca quc M v tay sai. thc hin

thng nht nc nh, hon thnh c lp v dn ch

trong c nc. Trong hai nhim v chin lc cch

mng , mi nhim v c v tr quan trng nht nh.

Song, cch mng x hi ch ngha min Bc gi vaitr quyt nh i vi s pht trin ca ton b cch

mng Vit Nam.

Cch mng x hi ch ngha min Bc nc ta din

ra trong tt c cc lnh vc chnh tr, kmh t - x hi,

vn ho, gio dc, khoa hc k thut, y t v th dc th

thao. Cc lnh vc ny c mi quan h, nh hng quali ln nhau, trong cuc cch mng v kinh t c tnh

cht quyt nh. Lnh vc th dc th thao dc ng

ta v Ch tch H Ch Minh xc nh l mt b phn

quan trng ca s nghip xy dng ch ngha x hi v

ch trng xy dng nn th dc th thao x hi ch

ngha trn c s k tha ton b nhng yu t tch ccca nn th dc th thao mi t sau cch mng thng

'rm thnh cng, m ch yu l phong tro Kho vnc".

Do , i hi ton quc ln th III ca ng vo

thng 9 nm 1960 ch ra phng hng pht trin

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th dc th thao trong giai on mi ca cch mng

Vit Nam l: Tip tc pht trin phong tro th dc th

thao yu nc ca qun chng, gy thnh mt cuc vnng cch mng thng xuvn, lin tc v lu di, nng

cao trnh cc mn th thao nhng ni c iu kin.

y l s nh hng bc u xy dng nn th dc

th thao x hi ch ngha min Bc nc ta, m tin

ca n l nhng yu t" tch cc nh mc ch, tnh

cht, lc lng cn b, gio vin, hun luyn vin,hng dn vin ca nn th dc th thao mi. Vo u

nm 1960 Ch tch H Ch Minh vit th gi Hi

ngh cn b th dc th thao ton min Bc, nhn mnh

n vai tr ca sc kho v vai tr ca th dc th thao

i vi sc kho con ngi, t Ngi ch trng pht

trin phong tro th dc th thao cho rng khp. Mctiu v tnh cht ca nn th dc th thao x hi ch

ngha c Bc H ch ra. Nh nc ta xut pht t

quan im ca ng v ca Ch tch H Ch Minh, vo

nm 1960 xc nh; Tch cc xy dng mt nn th dc

th thao x hi ch ngha, trit phc v nhim v

xy dng v bo v T quc, u tr anh thng nh t ncnh

Nhng nm c nc ta tin hnh cuc khng chin

() BTDTT: Xy ng v pht trin nn TDTT Vit Nam Dn

tc, Khoa hc, Nhn dn, NXB TDTT H Ni 999, tr.72

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chng M, nn th dc th thao x hi ch ngha ca

min Bc vn c duy tr v pht tr in trong iu kin

mi, tnh hnh mi. Mc tiu v tnh cht ca th dcth thao min Bc trong thi k chng M cu nc

vn nht qun, khng h thay i, thc t cn c

tng cng hn nhm p ng cc mt sn xut, cng

tc, hc tp v chin u. Ch th s180-CT/TW (1970)

ca Ban B th Trung ng ng ch r: Pht ng

mt phong tro qun chng tp luyn th dc th thaorng khp trong cc c s sn xut, cvQuan, trng hc

v cc n v v trang. Yu cu v ni dung ca phong

tro ny l ng vin qun chng t nguyn rn luyn

thn th mt cch u n, c phng php khoa hc,

bng nhiu hnh thc linh hot, ph hp vi iu kin

sn xut, chin u, sinh hot ca nhn dn ta, do m gi vng v nng cao sc kho, hc tp v sn sng

chin u. Thng qua phong tro ny cn xy dng v

m rng tng bc cc t, i, n v tin tin, nhma hot ng th dc th thao c s tin ln,

T nhng ch trng, phng hng, nhim v rt

ng n, sng to xy dng nn th dc th thao x

hi ch ngha min Bc do Ch tch H Ch Minh,

ng v Nh nc ta vch ra, kt qu l chng ta

t c nhng thnh tu c bn nh sau:

- Vphong tro th dc th thao qun chng: ng

o nhn dn t cc x c phong tro tp th dc

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sng, chy, bi, bng chuyn, bng , vt, v dn tc,

nhiu x c th dc chng mt mi gia gi' lao ng

sn xut; ton min Bc c 129 x c cng nhn nv tin tin v th dc th thao, in hnh nh x Kim

Sn v x Hng Khnh (dn tc Ty - Yn Bi), x

Ngha Ph (Cng gio - Nam nh), x Nam Bnh (Thi

Bnh), x Minh Tn v x Phc L (Hi Phng), x

Nam Chnh (Hi Dng), x Lp Ching (dn tc

Mng - Ho Bnh), x Qunh i (Ngh An), x MinhTn (Thanh Ho), x ng Bm (Bc Thi) v.v... Phong

tro th dc th thao qun chng cc x nghip, c

quan pht trin mnh. Tnh n nm 1975 c 249 x

nghip, c quan c cng nhn l n v tin tin v

th dc th thao, tiu biu l m than H Tu (Qung

Ninh), nng trng Tam Thin Mu (Bc Giang), icng trnh 609 (ngnh ng st), nh my c kh

Quang Trung v x nghip Dc phm I (H Ni), Lm

trng Qu Chu (Ngh An), nh my c kh Duyn

Hi (Hi Phng), X nghip ch to mi (Hi Hng),

x nghip sa cha t 19-8 (Thi Nguyn), x nghip

C50 (H Nam), chi nhnh Ngn hng (HGiang), cquan B Ngoi giao v.v... Phong tro th dc th thao

qun chnp^ trong cc lc lng v t ra ng nh n dn cng

c pht trin rt mnh m. Vn rn luyn th lc

v hot ng th thao c coi l mt bin php quan

trng nng cao sc mnh chin u ca qun i:

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gn lin th dc th thao vi cc khoa mc hun luyn

qun s; phong tro rn luyn th lc din ra thng

ngy, 100% qun s" tp luyn theo quy nh bt buc;vic rn luyn hnh qun xa, mang vc nng gip

cho hng chc vn chin s tr mi nhp ng sc c

ng trong hnh qun v chin u trn nhng a

hnh phc tp; cc cuc thi chy 10 cy s, 20 cy s

trong ton qun c t chc u n hng nm. Trong

lc lng cng an nhn dn, hu ht cc cn b chin su tp th dc sng, chy, bi, bn, v, nhy cao, nhy

xa, nm lu n, phong tro Kho v an ninh Tquc

lun c duy tr trong mi tnh hung.

- Gio dc th cht ca th h tr trong cc nh

trng pht trin mnh: Tnh t nm 1960 n nm

1975 c ti 3.000 trng hc bao gm tiu hc, trung hcc s, trung hc ph thng, i hc, trung hc chuyn

nghip c phong tro gio dc th cht ni kho v

ngoi kho c n np, in hnh l cc trng Trung hc

c s Tn Thut (Thi Bnh), K Tn (H Tnh), Hng

Khnh (Yn Bi), Mng La (Sn La). Trong s" cc

trng Trung hc ph thng in hnh l trng L

Hng Phong (Nam nh). Trong s" cc trng i hc

v trung hc chuyn nghip in hnh l trng i hc

Nng nghip I, i hc S phm Vinh, Trung hc Y t

- Th thao thnh tch cao bc u t c mt s

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thnh tch ng k: Lc lng vn ng vin v hun

luyn vin khng ngng c tng cng, giao lu quc

t v th thao pht trin phm vi nht nh, thnhthch thi u th thao trong nc v ngoi nc c

nng ln. giai on ny nc ta ginh c 4 huy

chng vng ti i hi Th thao GANEFO chu ,

ph k lc th gii v mn bn sng th thao.

- V o to, hi dng cn h:c s quan tm ca

ng, Nh nc v Ch tch H Ch Minh, TrngTrung cp Th dc th thao Trung ng c thnh

lp (1959) v c nng ln thnh Trng Cn b th

dc th thao Trung ng (1964).Tnh t 1960 - 1975

trng o to, bi dng c hng ngn cn b c

trnh trung cp v i hc phc v c lc cho s

nghip ph t trin th dc th thao. y cng l kt quthc hin Ch th 05 TTgA^G (1966) ca Th tng

Chnh ph: Phi ra sc bi dng v o to cn b th

dc th thao, coi l khu cng tc quan trng bc

nht m rng v nng cao phong tro th dc th

thao, gii p yu cu trc mt cng nh ludi(l).

T nhng kt qu chnh nh trn cho thy: phong

tro th dc th thao min Bc nc ta t sau nm

() UB TDTT: Xy dn g nn th dc th thao Vit Na m d n tc,

khoa hc v nhn vy NX B TDTTy H Ni, 1999, trang 95

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1954 n nm 1975 v c bn pht trin kh mnh m

trn cc lnh vc quan trng: th dc th thao qun

chng, gio dc th cht hc ng, th thao th nh tchcao, o to bi dng cn b th dc th thao. Ngoi ra

cn t c mt sthnh tu nht nh v xy dng

c s vt cht, nghin cu v ng dng khoa hc k

thut v.v... l kt qu ca s quan tm lnh o ca

Ch tch H Ch Minh, ca ng v Nh nc ta v

cng tc th dc th thao.S ng gp ca nn th dc th thao x hi ch

ngha min Bc nc ta vi cng cuc xy dng

ch ngha x hi min Bc v chng quic M xm

c min Nam l r t ng trn trng. Ch th s227-CT/TW (1975) ca Ban B th trung ng ng nh

gi nh sau: Trong nhng nm qua, vi s quan tmca cc cp, cc ngnh, vi nhit tnh tham gia ca

ng o qun chng v tinh thn cgng ca cn b,

vn ng vin th dc th thao, cng tc th dc th

thao pht trin ng hng, gp phn tch cc phc

v sn xut, chin u, i sng v xy dng con ngi

T sau ngy min Nam c hon ton gii phng,

non sng thu v mt mi, c nc tin ln ch ngha x

(1) B T DTT: Xy dng nn th dc th thao Vit Nam dn tc,

khoa hc v nhn dn, NXB TDTT H Ni, 1999, tr.32

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hi, th dc th thao min Nam di ch c c ci

to v pht huy nhng nhn t^ tch cc, hp nht vi

th dc th thao min Bc tin ln xy dng nn thdc th thao x hi ch ngha Vit Nam. Ch th s227-

CT/TW (1975) ch r; Xy dng nn th dc th thao x

hi ch ngha Vit Nam pht trin cn i, c tnh cht

dn tc, nhn dn v khoa hc.

c s quan tm su sc ca ng v Nh nc,

nn th dc th thao x hi ch ngha Vit Nam ngycng trng thnh, sinh lc pht trin ngy cng

mnh, t nm 1975 n nay, nht l nhng nm gn

y t c nhiu thnh tu ng phn khi. Tnh

n nm 2002, Th dc th thao Vit Nam c nhng

mt ni bt nh sau:

V th dc th thao qun chng: tnh n nm 2002,

c nc c khong 13-14% (trn 11 triu ngi) tp

luyn th dc th thao thng xuyn, 8% s" h gia nh

t tiu chun Gia nh th thao. Phong tro th dc

th thao trong cn b cng nh n vin chc khng ngng

pht trin, t l cn b, cng nhn vin chc tp th dcth thao thng xuyn trong c nc t t rn 50%; tinh

thn t rn luyn thn th theo gng Bc H ngy

cng cao; nhiu cuc thi u th thao ca cng nhn

vin chc hng nm din ra si ni t c s n trung

ng. Cc m hnh Gia nh th thao cn b cng

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nhn vin chc ngy cng c nhn rng. Phong tro

th dc th thao nng thn, ng bng v min ni c

s pht trin tch cc, hng chc vn ngi tp th dcthng xuyn, hnh th nh c h ng ngn Gia nh

th thao nng dn, hng trm Cu lc b th thao gia

nh nng dn c thnh lp; cc Hi thi vn ngh

th thao, Hi thi th thao cc dn tc min ni, cc gii

vt dn tc, v c truyn c s" vn ng vin tham gia

ngy cng tng. Phong tro th dc th thao trong ccc lng v trang ngy cng c pht trin c v quy

m v cht lng: cc cuc hi thao, hi din, hi thi th

thao c duy tr u n hng nm trong cc binh

chng ca qun i v lc lng cng an nhn dn. Cc

phong tro Kho bo v T quc trong qun i,

Kho v an ninh T quc trong cng an nhn dn, thuht h u ht qun s tham gia rn luyn thn th.

Trong phong tro th dc th thao qun chng

nc ta xu t hin v ngy cng ph t tr in cc hot ng

th dc th thao cho i tng ngi cao tui, ngi

chuyt tt, tr em c hon cnh kh khn. Cc hotng th thao ny mang tnh nh n o su sc, th dc

th thao gn b v khng ngng c v cc i tng

ny tp luyn bng nhiu hnh Llic ph hp, a dng

v ngy cng thu ht nhiu ngi phn khi, hng hi

rn luyn, tham gia cc cuc thi u c s v ton

quc. Phong tro ny rt ph hp vi tng ca Bc

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H t u nm 1946; Gi tr, gi trai, ai cng c th tp

uyn c th dc th thao tng cng v nng cao

sc kho.Gio dc th cht hc ng: C bc chuyn bin

tch cc v cht v quy m pht tr in gn 60% s" trng

trong c nc thc hin gio dc th cht nn np, m

bo 2 tit hc ni kho mt tun, cc hot ng ngoi


43/196

tt nh 55% s trng tin hnh c nn np chng

tr nh gio dc th cht, nhng nh vy th cn gn mt

na s" trng cha thc hin hoc thc hin cha mbo chrrg trnh gio dc th cht c quy nh.

T u nm hc 1946 - 1947, Bc H dy bo hc

sinh phi hc gii mn th dc v ng ta t nhng

nm u khng chin chng Php c Ngh quyt

ng vin phong tro thi ua trong cc trng hc v

gio dc o c, tr dc v th dc. Ngh quyt Hingh trung ng ng ln th Tm (kho III) t nm

1961 ch r; Bt u a vic dy th dc v mt s

mn th thao cn th it vo chng tr nh hc tp ca cc

trng ph thng, chuyn nghip v i hc", nhng

n nay ch mi thc hin c 55% s trng c mn

Tic th dc, r rng l chm!

T h thao thnh tch caonhng nm gn y c nhiu

khi sc lm nc lng dn. Lc lng vn ng vin

ngy cng ng o v thnh tch ngy cng nng ln.

Th thao Vit Nam ngy cng vn ti nhng v tr

xng ng khu vc, bc u ho nhp VI xu thpht trin th thao ca chu . Thnh tch th thao

cc SEA Games ngy cng ni bt. chu v Th

gii, Th thao Vit Nam ngy cng dot thm nhiu

huy chng, l c T quc khng ngng php phi trn

u trng ngoi nc. Cc vn ng vin Vit Nam

ngy cng thc hin tt tng ca Bc H: cc chu

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hy cgng nhiu hn na xng ng l nhng vn

ng vin ca dn tc anh hng. Giao lu th thao ca

nc ta ngy cng m rng. iu kin luyn tp v sinhhot ca vn ng vin ngy cng m bo, c s h

tng th thao thnh tch cao ngy cng hin i ho

v.v... Th thao thnh tch cao ca nc ta r rng ang

tin ln pha trc khng bao xa Snh vai vi cc

cng qu'c nm chu nh tng ca Bc H ch

ra ngay sau khi cch mng thng Tm thnh cng.v o to v bi dng cn b: c s quan tm

ca ng, Nh nc v Ch tch H Ch Minh, cng tc

o to, bi dng cn b th dc th thao trong nc

v c i hc nc ngoi khng ngng c coi trng.

Cc trng o to cn b t trung cp n i hc

ngy cng c tng cng v quy m v cht lng o

to. Nm 1959 ch mi c mt trng Trung cp Th

dc th thao Trung ng, n nay c nc c 2

trng i hc, 3 trng Cao ng (trong c 2 trng

Cao ng s phm th dc th thao) v mt s trng

i hc s phm c khoa gio dc th cht. Tnh nnay cc trng o to c trn 20 ngn cn b t

trung cp tr ln, trong gio s v ph gio s c 19

ngi, tin s c 44 ngi, thc s gn 100 ngi, i hc

gn 10.000 ngi, ang cng tc cc trng, cc

ngnh, cc tnh thnh khp t nc. i ng cn b

th dc th thao ny v ang pht huy nng lc v

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nhit huyt ca :nnh phc v s nghip xy dng v

pht trin nn th dc th thao x hi ch ngha Vit

Nam.Mhng thnh qu ca th dc th thao nc ta t

nm 1976 n nay, nht l nhng nm gn y v

ang gp phn quan trng bo v v nng cao sc kho

nhn dn; tng cng ngun nhn lc cho s nghip

cng nghip ho v hin i ho t nc; lm phong

ph hn i sng vn ho tinh thn cho nhn dn; tnvinh dn tc Vit Nam anh hng; phc v tch cc cng

tc i ngoi ca ng v Nh nc.

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CH TCH H CH MINHV VAI TR CA TH d c TH t h a o

I. SC KHO V VAI TR CA s c KHO CON

NGI

T khi loi ngi hnh thnh cho n ngy nay v

mi mi v sau, sc kho c coi l vn qu v gi ca

con ngi. Thiu sc kho l thiu hnh phc, thiu scsng, thiu tinh thn sng sut v thiu c ca ci vt

cht. Bi vy, quan tm v chm sc ti sc kho con

ngi chnh l quan tm ti s pht trin mi mt,

khng ch i vi mi ngi, mi gia nh m c dn tc,

quc gia v ton nhn loi. Nhng ai coi thng sc

kho ca bn thn mnh l thiu thc thng mnh.

Nhng k xm hi n sc kho ca ngi khc l lm

hi ng loi, phm vo iu c. Giai cp thng tr no,

ch x hi no m khng quan tm ti sc kho ca

nhn dn, tt yu b ln n. Trong lch s loi ngi,

giai cp ch n, giai cp phong kin v bn t bn bc

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t ngi lao ng rt nng n, lm cho sc kho v th

cht ca h ngy cng kit qu, ngy cng nl^ b. Ch

x hi mi, x hi tin b l trn trng, quan tm susc n sc kho con ngi, sc kho ca nhn dn.

ng cng sn Vit Nam cao sc kho con ngi, sc

kho ca nhn dn v khng nh: Sc kho l vn qu

nht ca mi con ngi v ca ton x hi, l n,hn t

quan trng trong s nghip xy dng v bo v t quc

(Ngh quyt Trung ng bn kho VII).

c. Mc, Ph. ng ghen v V. I. L-nin l nhng ngi

thy v i ca giai cp cng nhn v ca cch mng v

sn trn ton th gii, cc ng tng ph phn

phng thc sn xut t bn ch ngha gy ra nhng

hu qu nghim trng cho sc kho ngi cng nhn vcon em ca h. Giai cp t sn, bn t bn cng giu c

th sc kho ca ngi cng nhn v c c bp, thn

kinh v b no cng b vt kit. c. Mc ch r: Bn t

bn thm kht n v gi tr thng d, chim

ot thi gian cn thit pht trin v gi gn sc

kho ca ngi cng nhn. Nh vy, bn t bn hyhoi sc kho ca ngi cng nhn khng ch bng cch

tng cng lao ng m cn ko di ngy lao ng t

12 - 14 gi, chng c thi gian h gii tr, rn luyn

thn th. c. Mc vit: T bn khng bao gi quan tm

n sc kho v tui th ca ngi cng nhn, nu x

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hi khng cng bch n phi quan tm Theo c.Vlc: Thi gian l trng hc pht trin con ngi,

ngha l con ngi mun c c s pht tr in v tr tuv th cht, tm hn th phi c thi gian ngoi gi lao

ng, sinh hot ngh ngi. Cng nh Mc, ng ghen

ch r s phn cng lao ng trong x hi t bn dn ti

s pht trin phin din v th cht v tinh thn ca

cc th h cng nhn, ng vit; S pht trin lao ng

theo phng thc t bn bp cht tt c cc nng lc

th cht v tinh thn ca ngi lao ng. S lm qu

qut con ngi nh vy s tng ln ty theo mc

pht trin ca vic phn cng lao ng trong x hi t

bn.

V. I. Lnin cng ph phn gay gt: S phn cng laong t bn ch ngha lm cho con ngi b b nh, b

thoi ho ^2). Lnin ch ra rng, ch c ch ngha x hi

v ch ngha cng sn mi em li sc kho cho ngi

ao ng. L nin coi sc kho ca cn b v cng nhn

X Vit l ti sn ca Nh nc v x hi mi.

Sinh thi, Ch tch H Ch Minh rt quan tm ti s

(1) C.Mc v Ph. ng ghen: Ton tp, xut bn ln th hai, NXB

Chnh tr quc gia, H Ni 1993 tp 23 tr. 394

(2) V. I. Lnin: vg i gin sc kho ca nhn dn lao ng v thdc th thao, NXB cu vng, Matxcva, 1985, tr. 23

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pht trin v mi mt ca con ngi. Ngi quan tm

su sc n vic gii phng con ngi, thot khi xing

xch n l, gii phng x hi khi s p bc bc lt, xydng x hi mi v hnh phc v cuc sng no lnh cho

tt c mi ngi. tui thanh nin Bc H ra i tm

ng cu nc nhm thc hin s mnh v cng to ln

.

Trong tc phm ni ting: Bn n ch thc dn

Php ca Nguyn i Quc - H Ch Minh xut bn vonm 1925, Ngi ln n mnh m thc dn Php bc

lt, nh p, chm git v: u c tinh thn v th

xc nhn dn thuc a bng ru cn v thuc phin

nhm mc ch hy hoi sc kho ca ni ging cc dn

tc bn x, ni ging Vit Nam. Ngi khng nh; Ta

c th kt lun rng, mi ch thc dn quc u

tiu dit cc ni ging bn x v mun cu vn nc')i

ging, ta phi lt ch ngha quc

Cuc cch mng thng Tm nm 1945 thnh cng,

nc nh ginh c c lp dn tc, Ch tch H Ch

Minh cng vi ng ta ra nhng ch trng, nhimv rt cp thi t v ng n nhm chng gic ngoi th

trong, bo v chnh quyn cch mng, chm lo (i sng

vL chL, vn ho v sc khoe ca nhn dn khng

chin kin quc thng li. Bc H coi sc kho ca mi

() H Chi Minh: Ton tp, NXB S tht, H Ni 98, t4, t\395

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con ngi, ca ton dn l mt yu t" m bo s thng

li ca cuc khng chin chng Php, chng M v xy

dng x hi mi. Trn c s t tng H Ch Minh,ng v Nh nc ta khng nh; Di ch ta, vic

chm sc sc kho ca nhn dn, tng cng th cht

ca nhn dn c coi l nhim v quan trng ca

ng v Chnh ph Cho nn s nghip th dc th

thao lun gn lin vi s nghip xy dng v ph t trin

t nc, s nghip v dn giu nc mnh.ch cul cng ca s nghip cch mng l mang

i hnh phc v sc kho cho con ngi, hnh phc v

sc kho cho nhn dn. Nguyn Th tng Phm Vn

ng tng nhn mnh; Chng ta khng qun mt iu

quan trng l cch mng phi em li sc kho cho

nhn dn Vit Nam, cho con ngi Vit Nam (2)

Sc kho l g v vai tr ca sc kho con ngi nh

th no? Trc kia nhn dn ta thng quan nim v

sc kho rt gin d, mc mc nh Sc di vai rng,

mnh chn kho tay, Tui mi by b gy sng

tru, Trng cho chn cng mm, Khng "m

(1) Chi th s' 106-CT /T W ca Ban B th Trung ng ng v

cng tc th dc th thao, H Ni, ngy 2-10-1958

(2) Bi ni ca Th tng Phm Vn ng ti i hi ton min

Bc nhng n u v c nhn tin tin trong p hong tro TDTT

yu nc, chng M, thng 3-1966

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^hng au lm giu my chc. Nhn dn lao ng nc

ta t i ny n i khc rt chung nhng ngi c

sc kho m sing nng, chm ch lao ng, ght nhngc li bing, s lao ng:

"Thgia n chung sc chung cng,

No ai c chung ngi khng lm giV'

Hi Thng Ln ng L Hu Trc, nh danh y ln

ca Vit Nam th k XVIII vit trong ciwn sch Ni

kinh yu ch rng: Th cht v tinh thn lun lunkhang kin, m tn hng ht tui th, ngoi trm tui

mi c th cht. T tng ca Hi Thng Ln ng

th hin cch xem xt sc kho ca con ngi trong mi

quan h hu c gia th cht v tinh thn, c th kho

th tinh thn mnh m. c th cht ln tinh thn khomnh th con ngi tn hng c tui th ca mnh.

Y hc ngy nay cng khng nh sc kho ca con

ngi phi l sc kho ca c th xc v tinh thn. Chkhi no c th ca con ngi lnh mnh, tm hn ca

con ngi thoi mi th khi con ngi mi c sc

o. nh ngha sc kho ca T chc Y t th gii(World health organization - WHO) nu ln trong

Tuyn ngn Alma Ata nm 1978 nh sau; Sc kho

khng ch l khng bnh tt , m cn l trng thi thimi v tm hn, v th xc, v x hi. Chu tch H Ch

Minh a ra nh ngha sc kho vo u nm 1946,

trc nh ngha ca WHO 33 nm. nh ngha sc

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kho ca Bc H c tnh khi qut cao v rt hm sc:

Sc kho l kh huyt lu thng, tinh thn y

Cc chuyn gia y t Vit Nam hin nay u cho rng,nh ngha sc kho ca Ch tch H Ch Minh hon

ton thng nht vi nh ngha sc kho ca T chc yt th gii.

Thm nhun su sc ch ngha duy vt bin chng

v y hc dn tc, Bc H coi sc kho ca con ngi l

s thng nht gia hai yu t" th cht v tinh thn.Th cht lnh mnh th tinh thn sung mn. Tinh thn

hng hi, nng ng th hin th cht tt, lnh mnh.Nguyn th tng Phm Vn ng cng tng ni: sckho ca con ngi l sc kho ca c th, ca thnkmh, ca tinh thn. C th tt, th n kinh tt, tinh th n

tt c nh hng qua li ln nhau, thng nht binchng vi nhau.

Sc kho theo t tng H Ch Minh c vai tr to ln

trong cuc rng ca mi con ngi, ca mi dn tc,trong s nghip xy dng v bo v t quc, xy dng

x hi mi. Ngi nhn mnh: Gi gn dn ch, xy

dng nc nh, gy i sng mi, vic g cng cn c sckho mi lm thnh cng(2). Sc kho con ngi l

(1) H Ch Minh ton tp, xut bn ln th haiy NXB chnh tr

quc gia, H Ni 1995y t4, tr,22

(2) H Ch Minh: Ton tp, xut bn ln th hai, NXB chnh tr

quc gia, H Ni 1995, t4, tr.22

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nhn t" rt c bn gp phn lm nn sc mnh tng

hp v th v lc ca qun chng nh n dn. S nghip

cch mng l s nghip ca qun chng nhn dn. Snghip sng to x hi mi cng l s nghip ca qun

chng nhn dn. Sc mnh tng hp v th v lc caqun chng nhn dn s lm nn mi s nghip v i.

Ch tch H Ch Minh mong mun nhn dn ta ai

cng u c sc kho. Con ngi c sc kho th lc

ng sn xut mnh hn, ph t trin hn, nng sut laong tng cao hn. Con ngi c sc kho th nng ng

trong mi hot ng ca i sng x hi. Con ngi c

sc kho th tr tu c iu kin pht trin hn, phong

ph hn. Bc H dy: Mun lao ng sn xut tt, cng

tc v hc tp tt th cn phi c sc kho (1). Sc kho

ca con ngi l mt ngun lc ln lm giu thm ca

ci vt cht v t inh thn cho x hi. Ngh quyt i hi

ng ln th VIII khng nh; S cng trng v th

cht l nhu cu ca bn thn con ngi, ng thi l

v"n qu to ra ti sn tr tu v vt cht cho x hi

(2). Ngay sau ngy cch mng thng Tm thnh cng,Bc H ch ra mt chn l: Dn cng th nc

thnh, gn mi lm nm sau, Ngi ni: Nu nhn

(1) H Ch Minh ton tp, NXB S Tht, H Ni 1989, t8, tr.688

(2) ng Cng sn Vit Na m: Vn kin i hi i biu ton quc

ln th VIII, NXB Chnh tr quc gia, H Ni 1996, tr.30

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dn ta ai cng kho th nc ta s mau mnh giu (Bo

Th dc th thao, s" 367, ngy 25-9-1969).

S nghip bo v t quc cng rt cn c yu t" sckho ca con ngi, ca nhn dn. Bc H coi sc kho

ca mi cn b, chin s v mi ngi dn c s nh

hng to ln n tinh thn v lc lng ca ton dn

tc. Ngi ni; Sc kho ca cn b v nhn dn c

bo m th tinh thn cng hng hi. Tinh thn v sc

kho y th khng chin cng nhiu thng li, kin

quc cng mau th nh cng Trong cuc kh ng chin

chng thc dn Php, nhn dn ta hu phng v cc

vng t do, nht l nhng ngi lao ng, cn c sc

kho sn xut ra nhiu lng thc, thc phm, cng

c, vi vc, qun o v.v... nhm m bo i sng vcung cp cho tin tuyn. Cn b, chin s cn c sc

kho v th ch% sc mnh v tinh thn tng cng

nng lc v dng kh trong cng tc, chin u. Trong

cuc khng chin chng M cu nc, Ch tch H Ch

Minh rt quan tm ti nhn t" sc kho ca ton dn,

to tin lm nn sc mnh tng hp v vt cht vtinh thn ca c dn tc, m bo chin thng quc

M.

Nm 1966 quc M ngy cng leo thang m rng

( 1) H Ch Minh ton tp, xut bn ln th hai, N XB Chnh tr

quc gia, H Ni 1995, t.7, tr.88

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chin tranh xm lc c hai min Nam Bc nc ta.

Ti i hi ton min Bc nhng n v v c nhn tin

tin trong phong tro th dc th thao yu Pxc chngM (thng 3-1966), Th tng Phm Vn ng

chuyn Li ca Bc H thm hi cc i biu v Ngi

cn dn: Phi lm cho phong tro th dc th thao

nc ta tt hn na, lm cho dn tc ta c sc kho tt,

c tinh thn tt chin thng quc M

T tng H Ch Minh v sc kho v vai tr sckho ca con ngi trong cng cuc xy dng v bo v

t quc, trong s nghip xy dng x hi mi v dn

giu nc mnh, gi mt v tr ht sc quan trng trong

ton b t tng ca Bc v con ngi, v gii phng

con ngi. T tng H Ch Minh v vn sc kho

con ngi c gi tr nhn vn rt su m. Ngy nay

nc ta cng nh trn th gii, sc kho ca con ngi

rt c quan tm. Sc kho cho mi ngi" l ting

gi thing ling ca nhn loi ng i.

.VAI TR CA TH DC TH t h a o i v i s c

KHO NHN DN

Ch tch H Ch Minh dy rng: Vic g c li cho

dn, La phi ht sc lni, vic g c hi cho dn, ta phi

(1) L Nguyn: K chuyn Bc H rn luyn sc kho, NXB Th

dc t h thao, H Ni 1985, tr.62

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ht sc trnh (1). Lm th dc th thao l nhm em

li li ch cho nhn dn, cho dn tc, do c Bc H

r t quan tm v ch hng pht trin. Ngi ch trngpht trin phong tro th dc th thao cho rng khp,

bi v th dc th thao c tc dng gn gi v tng cng

sc kho cho ton dn.

Trc kia Tu Tnh khuyn mi ngi mun bo

dng v tng cng sc kho th phi;

B tinh dng kh tn thn Thanh tm qu dc th chn luyn hnh

iu ny c ngha l phi gi gn tinh, kh, thn , tm

v vn ng thn th th con ngi mi kho mnh. Hi

Thng Ln ng cng ni ti s cn thit phi vn

ng thn th c sc kho:

''Luyn thn, luyn kh ng ngi thong dong

Lm cho kh huyt lu thng,

Chn tay cng cp, trong lng thnh thi"

Nhiu danh nhn trn th gii cng ni v tm

quan trng ca vn ng thn th vi sc kho con

ngi. Trit gia Hy Lp c i Ari-xtt trc cngnguyn tng ch ra s tc hi i vi sc kho con ngi

nu khng vn ng c th: Khng c g lm kit qu

v hy hoi sc kho nu ko di s bt ng c th.

(1) H Ch Minh ton tp, xut bn ln th hai, NXB Chnh tr


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Cn Hoa - mt danh y ni ting ca Trung Qu'c

th k th II, ni rng: Vn ng gip kh huyt lu

thng v ngn nga bnh tt.Ngi xa ni rt ch l v vic con ngi nng

vn ng, rn luyn c th c sc kho. Nu c th

con ngi khng vn ng, khng rn luyn th kh

nng thch nghi r t yu, s sng khng th ko di. Vn

ng, rn luyn l ngy cng hon thin th cht,

nng cao th lc, c th hnh - dng v p , cucsng ti tr, kho mnh v trng th. Cc thy thuc

v cc nh sinh l hc ngy nay ni rng, cn phi vn

ng, luyn tp th dc th thao thng xuyn nhm

to iu kin tt nht dn mu n ti" v nui

dng xng y , cc t bo xng pht trin

nhanh, xng dy ln, ch li ca xng to ln, to chbm chc cho gn v dy chng, xng s tr mi,

chng c hin tng thoi ho xng, c bit chng

c nhng chng bnh ca ct sng. S i dng

kh, i n v ng l nhng ci i rt tai hi cho sc

kho con ngi, nhng trm trng hn l i vn

ng. Thiu rn luyn thn th th theo thi gian n s

gm nhm dn ton b c th cng tm hn ca con

ngi. Cc nh sinh l hc f'ho rng, nu con ngi t

vn ng, sao nhng luyn tp th dc th thao th

nguy c tui 30 c nhng tn thng khp, tn

thng ny tng dn theo tui tc. S suy thoi s cn

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tng nhanh vi ngi khng vn ng. Khi xng

kh cng th thn hnh s mt i s mm mi, uyn

chuyn, vn ng cng kh khn, ng ln ngi xu'ngchng mi mt v au nhc, lng b cng li rt d b

sai lch khp v a m. Tnh trng nh vy th s gi

nua ca c th con ngi, d tui cha nhiu cng

n. Lao ng chn tay thng xuyn, i ng l s vn

ng rt cn thit. Nhng nu rn luyn thn th ng

phng php s c tc dng tt hn nhiu i vi sckho ca c th, ca thn kinh v tinh thn.

T nhng nm u thp nin 60 ca th k XX, Bc

H ni ti vic tp luyn th dc th thao thng

xuyn, kt hp vi v sinh phng bnh nhm gn gi v

bi b sc kho, y li bnh tt. Ngi ni: Phng

bnh cng cn thit nh tr bnh Phng bnh ttnh't, gin tin nht l kt hp v sinh vi rn luyn

thn th, chng nhim mi trng. Phng bnh theo

bin php th khng phi ch mt ngi, mt s" t

ngi m phi t mi ngi, mi gia nh, mi cng

ng v ton x hi. Rn luyn thn th c tc dng

phng bnh v cha bnh r t tch cc. Nh ta bit,

xng v khp l mt t chc sng, phi c mu lun

un nui dng cng vi s vn ng mi pht trin,

( H Ch Minh ton tp, xut bn ln th hai, NXB Chnh tri



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khng cc mui b tch li, hn ch vi ho v x

cng. Rn luyn thn th ly li s cn bng m

dng ca c th con ngi, bnh tt s thuyn gim.Rn luyn thn th kt hp vi gi v sinh cng c tc

dng to ln trong vic phng bnh v nng cao sc kho

con ngi. Chnh v vy, Ch tch H Ch Minh yu cu:

Phi tuyn truyn mt cch thit thc v rng khp

trong nhn dn mt phong tro th dc - v sinh (1).

Ngi cho rng, nu dn i, dn dt, dn m l ngv Chnh ph c li. Theo cc chuyn gia phng Ty

v Lin bang Nga ngy nay th vic gn gi v tng

cng sc kho phu thuc vo yu t" dinh dng l

20%, mi trng sinh thi 20%, y t vi rn luyn thn

th v ll sng lnh mnh 60%. iu cng ni ln

rng, bo v v tng cng sc kho con ngi, cnphi c cao trch nhim ca c nhn cng vi s

quan tm chung ca x hi, ca Nh nc m Ch tch

H Ch Minh tng lu n. Bc H pht ng cc

phong tro Kho v nc, V sinh yu nc, Tt

trng cy. Sinh thi khi Bc H n thm tnh Nam

nh, Ngi biu dng x Ngha Ph v khuyn bo

cc ni khc hc tp, lm theo. Ngi ni; Cng tc v

sinh phng bnh c ni lm tt nh x Ngha Ph,

(1) H Ch Minh ton tp, xut bn ln th hai. NXB Chinh tr

quc gia, H Ni 1995, t9, tr.l02

r- r57


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xy dng c 554 ging nc, lm trn 400 h" x

hp v sinh, hu ht nhn dn trong x tham gia tp

th dc th thao. Cc x trong tnh cn lm nh vy(Bo Nhn dn, ngy 25-7-1963).

iu Bc ni l bin php rt c bn ca y hc d

phng: rn luyn thn th, tp luyn th dc th thao

tt hp vi v sinh c nhn, v sinh cng ng, v sinh

mi trng s lm cho con ngi khng b nhim bnh,

trnh c dch bnh truyn lan v nng cao nng lcthch ng ca c th. Khi c th con ngi kho mnh

th s vt qua v y li c bnh tt, chng tr c

vi trng xm nhp vo c thr Chng ta thng thy

nhng ngi kho mnh th t m au, nu c yu mt

th chng qua khi. Cn nhng ngi sc kho km th

thng hay m au, bnh tt lu khi hoc ngy cngtrm trng, ngy cng nguy him. Khi cd th lnh

mnh, tinh thn sung mn th con ngi s thch ng

c vi nhng iu kin thi tit thay i t ngt. C

th tt, thn kinh tt, tinh thn tt th trnh c

strees. Nu nh c th mt mi, au "m th khng ch

ung thuc, ngh ngi m cn phi vn ng c th vi

mc nht nh. Bc H nhiu ln b yu mt, nhng

Ngi vn c' gng dy vn ng thn th, tp mt s

ng tc th dc nh nhng, hoc i b, c ln Bc cn

tp leo ni...

Th dc th thao khng nhng c tc dng tng

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cng sc khng v nng lc thch ng ca c th m

cn c vai tr to ln i vi vic nng cao sc kho ton

din cho con ngi. Sc kho ton din l s pht triny cc t cht th lc nh; sc nhanh, sc mnh,

sc bn b do dai v s kho lo. Sc kho ton din

hoc ni theo danh t chuyn mn l th lc chung ch

c th t c nh luyn tp th dc th thao thng

xuyn. Khi con ngi c c sc kho ton din s

nng cao c nng lc th cht. Trong i sng thngnht, trong lao ng, cng tc v hc tp, nng lc th

cht c vai tr ht sc quan trng gip con ngi vt

qua mi kh khn, hon thnh c nguyn t"t p

ca mnh. Bc H tng vn dng nhiu hnh thc v

phng php tp luyn thch hp tng cng nng

lc th cht ca Ngi. Ngoi nhng hnh thc, phngphp v bi tp thch hp, mun c nng lc th cht,

Bc H khng nh rng, cn phi c lng kin nhn, s

quyt tm cao trong rn luyn thn th.

Vai tr tng cng sc kho ton din cho con ngi

ca th dc th thao mang tnh nhn vn su sc. Bc

H ku gi ton dn ta ai cng c th tp luyn th dc

th thao, ai cng cn rn luyn thn th. Ngi no

yu, cn tp luyn cho c th lnh mnh; ngi kho

cn tip tc tp luyn cho kho hn; ngi cao tui cn

tp luyn gn gi sc kho v tng tui th; ngi t

tui cng cn tp luyn pht trin th cht lnh

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mnh, nng cao th trng, tng cng th lc; ngi

bnh tt cng nn tp lm thuyn gim hoc khi

hn bnh tt.Bc H rt quan tm n vic pht trin th dc th

thao, Ngi coi l bin php phng bnh tch cc

nht, thit thc v rt d ph cp trong ton dn ta.

Di v xin trch dn bi vit; Bc H vi gian trin

lm th dc th thao ca Hu Tm ni ln s quan

tm ca Bc i vi phong tro qun chng rn luynthn th:

Vo thng 7-1964 ti khu trin lm Vn H t chc

cuc trin lm ln Mi nm pht huy truyn thng

in Bin Ph. Cuc trin lm gii thiu thnh tch

ca cc ngnh kinh t, vn ho, x hi trong mi nm

sn xut v xy dng. Trin lm c dnh mt gian rng

ln gii thiu v y t, th dc th thao. Bc H n

xem trin lm ny. Khi n gian trng by v y t, th

dc th thao, Bc bng dng li ni vui vi ng ch ph

trch gian ny; L ra phi th dc th thao trc

mi hp l. V nu th dc th thao m tt th t bnhtt, t n y t; th dc th thao tt tc l phng bnh,

phng bnh hn cha bnh l phng chm ca ngnh

y t y!. Bc dng li xem kh k phn th dc Ih

thao.

Thy bc nh Bc tp th dc hi Vit Bc c

phng to n 0,90m X l,20m t trang trng phn m

60


63/196

u gian trng by th dc th thao, Bc gp nh

nhng: Sao khng tm c mt tm nh v phong tro

qun chng rn luyn th dc th thao phng to, t u phn c hn khng. nh Bc th phng va va

thi v treo u cng c, c g phi u

Bc H rt quan tm ti phong tro qun chng tp

luyn th dc th thao. Bc ni: Mi mt ngi dn yu

t, tc l lm cho c nc yu t mt phn; mi mt

ngi dn mnh kho, tc l gp phn cho c ncmnh kho, iu c ngha r t su sc khng ch v

sc kho ca nhn dn m c v vt cht v tinh thn

ca dn tc. Nh c" Tng B th L Dun tng ni;Kho v nc tc l c sc mnh mi sc c vi

qun th, mi xy dng c nc nh (2).

m. VAI TR CA TH DC TH t h a o i v i sPHT TRIn th c h t t h h t r

1. Nh ng tinh hoa v g io dc th cht tui trca nhn lo i v Vit Nam trong tch s

T bui u ca x hi nguyn thy, do nhu cu lao

ng sinh tn, nht l lao ng sn bt, xut hin

hnh thc s khai v gio dc th cht cho tr em v

(1) Bc H vi Th dc th thao, NXB Th dc t h thao, H Ni

1995, tr.117

(2) Li pht biu ca Tng Bi th L Dun ti Hi ngh bn

cng tc t h dc - v snh (1960)

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thanh nin. Vic gio dc th cht cho tr trong x hi

nguyn thy l mt nhu cu tt yu ca lao ng cng

ng gn lin vi sinh hot vn ho s khai ca th tc,b lc. Lao ng cng pht trin, tr em cng c hc

hi, c rn luyn nhng kinh nghim thao tc, vn

ng thn th k tc cng vic lao ng ca cha anh.

Trong x hi cng sn nguyn thy, nh trng cha ra

i, do gio dc th cht cho th h tr l nhim v

chung ca cng x m trc tip l nhng ngi c kinhnghim lao ng. Cng vi s hng dn, gip ca

nhng ngi c kinh nghim, tr em cng t n luyn

v hc hi, bt chc hoc t chc vui chi, tp dt

nhm t gio dc, t rn luyn nm vng nhng k

nng lao ng sn bt. Nh vy, gio dc th cht l

mt trong nhng hnh thi thc x hi c sm nhtca x hi loi ngi. Hnh thi thc x hi ny c

n h hng to ln n s tn ti v ph t trin ca x hi

cng sn nguyn thy. Chnh gio dc th ch t trong x

hi cng sn nguyn thy l mt trong nhng nhn t"

pht trin th lc, tng cng sc kho cho tr em

nhm nng cao nng lc lao ng ca cng ng.

Vo khong nghn nm th IV n nghn nm th III

trc cng nguyn, x hi cng sn nguyn thy c

thay th bi x hi chim hu n l. Khi , h thng

gio dc ni chung v gio dc th cht ni ring u

phc v li ch thng tr ca giai cp ch n v bn qu

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tc. Tuy vy phng thc gio dc th cht cho tr em

trong x hi chim hu n l cng c nhng yu t' tch

cc, c nhn loi trn trng k tha. Trong x hi HiLp c i, nh nc Aten v nh nc Spact cho t

chc cc tri tp trung v cc trng hc nui dng,

gio dc thiu nhi v thanh nin, cc em phi theo

mt chng trnh th dc qun s bt buc v khc

kh. Ph. ng ghen tng ch ra phng php gio dc

qun s cho tr em Aten v Spact nh sau: Tronggio dc th cht chung, ngi Aten pht trin s linh

hot cng vi th lc, cn ngi Spact th ch ch

yu vo mt pht trin sc lc, sc chu ng v lng

dng cni Mc ch gio dc th cht cho tr emtrong x hi chim hu n l l nhm tng cng sc

mnh cho cc i qun chin trn xm lc hoc bov nn thng tr ca giai cp ch n v bn qu tc giu

c. Mc ch tiu cc ny b Ang ghen ph phn gay

gt. Nhng mt tch cc ca n l h thng gio dc th

h tr bao gm cc mt tr dc, th dc, qun s v m

dc, trong th dc v qun s c quan h hu c

nht. Gio dc th cht trong cc trng hc v tri tptrung ca giai cp ch n tng i c bi bn. c

(1) Mt s t liu T h dc th thao ca c. Mc, PI. Ang ghen, V.L Lnin, I. V. Stalin, NXB Th dc th thao, H Ni 1978,

t r . 8

63


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chng trnh hn hoi v th o to ra c nhng

ngi lnh chin trn c th lc v k nng qun s

nht nh.Thi trung c, t th k IV n th k XIV, nht l

trong giai on cc thnh ca x hi phong kin Ty

u. giai cp phong kin ch nhiu n vic rn luyn

th lc cho thanh nin qun i, tng cng h thng

hun luyn th dc qun s. Thanh nin qun i c

tp cc mn nh u gm, bn cung, bi li, chy,nhy, y t, nm a, u vt v.v... Nhng i vi h

thng gio dc, trong c gio dc th cht, khng ch

trong qun i m c ngoi x hi do b nh hng ca

nhng quan nim phong kin v Ki-t-gio chi phi, coi

nh, o p nn c phn tht li so vi nn gio dc ca

Hi Lp c i, mc d hnh thi kinh t - x hi phongdn ph t trin cao hn so vi hnh thi kinh t - x hi

chim hu n l.

Ch ngha nhn vn thi phc hng th k XV - XVI,

vi nhng t tng tin b, chng s n dch con ngi

ca quan nim Ki-t-gio, th hin tinh thn cch

mng ca giai cp t sn chng giai cp phong kin vi

quyt tm xo b ch phong kin, thit lp ch ngha

t bn. Cc nh nhn vn ch ngha khi dy nhng

tinh hoa ca nn vn minh c i, ca ngi sc mnh v

v p ca con ngi. T tng nhn vn thi phc

hng lm o ln th gii quan v nhn sinh quan

64


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phong kin v Ki-t-gio v cc gi tr chn chnh ca

con ngi c cao. Hnh tng con ngi cng

trng v th cht, mnh m v tinh thn ngng cao ui t do v cng l, khng khut phc trc mi kh

khn, tr lc, tr thnh phng chm t tng cho

nn gio dc ca thi k phc hng. Nn gio dc thi

k ny khi dy v k tha nhng tinh hoa ca nn

gio dc Hy Lp c i, nht l h thng gio dc tng

hp ca Aten nhm pht trin ba mt: tr dc, th dc,m dc cho thiu nhi v thanh nin. Cc nh t tng

thi phc hng ch trng nh trng cn thi t o to

ra cc lp tr va c tri thc, va c sc kho v ngoi

hnh p.

c sc kho v ngoi hnh p, h cho rng thiu

nhi v thanh nin cn rn luyn cc mn nh th dcdng c, leo dy, nhy so.

Thi k cn i (th k XVI - th k XVIII), cc

nc Ty u l thi k giai cp t sn ginh c

thng li v chnh tr nh cc cuc cch mng t sn H

Lan cui th k XVI, cch mng t sn Anh th k XVIIv cch mng t sn Php th k XVIII. Phng thcsn xut t bn ch ngha mt mt to ra vn hi cho

khoa hc pht trin, nng sut lao ng tng cao.

Song mt khc do chy theo li nhun, tng cng

bc lt ca cc nh t bn gy ra s bn cng ho

giai cp cng nhn v cuc sng kh khn ca qun

65


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chng lao ng, lm cho h b suv gim dn v sc kho

v th cht, nht l l vi con em ca giai cp cng

nhn.Trc thc trng ny, nhng ngi i biu tin tin

nht trong s" cc tr thc t sn ra d n ci cch

l thng gio dc c dc v th dc cho tr em.

pht trin th cht thanh thiu nhi, h xy dng cc

phng php gio dc th cht trong cc trng trung

hc v tiu hc. Cc nh t tng tin b thi k nycng c nhng quan nim ng n v gio dc th

cht, h cho rng, tr em thuc cc giai tng d giu

lay ngho u phi c gio dc v o c, tri thc

v th lc. Trong s" cc nh t tng tin b ca thi

k ny c nh trit hc kim nh vn Php ni ting G.

Rt X, ng rt quan tm ti nn gio dc gn vi giodc th cht cho th h tr. Rt X ch trng thanh

nin v thiu nhi cn c tp luyn cc mn th dc,

chy, nhy, nm, bi li, ci nga> sn bn v cc tr

chi b ch khc. Rt X nghim khc ch trch nhng

ai cho rng, gio dc th cht gy tc hi n tr tu tr

em v mi ngi ni chung. Mt i biu khc l G. Lc

- C, nh gio dc ngi Anh cng c nh hng ln

n vic pht trin h thng gio dc tr dc, c dc,

th dc. ng trnh by quan im gio dc ca mnh

trong cun: T tng gio dc tr em, c. Mc d nh

gi; Lc C l i biu ca giai cp t sn non tr v

66


69/196

tt c cc lnh vc gio dc, v lnh vc gio dc thcht. Lc C ch trng phi tng cng gio dc th

cht cho tr em, lm cho chng c thn th kho mnhv ch kin cng.

Tm li, phng thc gio dc th cht ca Hi Lp c

i v nhng t tng tin b v gio dc th cht thi

c Phc hng v Cn i l nhng di sn c nhn

oi k tha. Nhng di sn tng c Mc, ng

ghen, Lnin v H Ch Minh tip thu c ph phn.

Nhng nm CUI ca na u th k XIX, Ch ngha

Vlc ra i, t tr i n khng ngng c b sung

v pht trin. Hc thuyt Mc c Lnin pht trin

phong ph v su sc vo u th k XX. l v kh

t tng ca giai cp v sn nhm u tranh xo b ch

ngha t bn, xv dng ch ngha x hi v ch ngha

cng sn, gii phng giai cp, gii phng nhn loi khi

mi s p bc bc lt. Ring hc thuyt Mc - Lnin v

gio dc con ngi pht trin ton din l mt b phn

quan trng cu thn h ch ngha Mc - Lnin. Mc, Ang

ghen v Lnin c bit quan tm ti s pht trien thl tr v cc mt; c, tr, th, m trong x hi mi sau

khi lt ch ngha t bn.

T s ph phn phng thc sn xut t bn ch

ngha vi s phn cng lao ng trong x hi t bn ddn n tnh trng tha ho ngi lao ng v mi mt,

trong c sc kho ca h, nht l lm cho c th tr

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em ca giai cp cng nh n pht tr in qu qut, mt cn

i, cc nh sng lp ch ngha Mc - Lnin ch ra

rng; Gio dc th cht nht thit phi l mt mt hng th tch ri vi gio dc c dc, tr dc, m dctrong nn gio dc ca x hi tng lai. Thc hin gio

dc th cht vi cc mt gio dc khc nhm pht trincon ngi ton din. Mc tin on: Nn gio dc trong

x hi tng lai, khi m tt c cc tr em qua tui

no , lao ng sn xut s c kt hp vi tr dc vth dc, khng ch vi t cch l mt phng php tngsc sn xut x hi, m cn vi t cch l phng phpduy nht o to nhng con ngi pht trin ton

din(i). Mc cn nhn mnh: tng lai ca loi ngi

hon ton tu thuc vo vic gio dc th h tr k tc

s nghip ca cha anh.Nhng t tng trn ca Mc c ng ghen nhn

mnh trong khi ng ph phn uy-rinh Chng thmm xa n mn gio dc th cht trng hc. Trongtc phm Tnh cnh giai cp cng nhn Anh, Angghen ph ph n cc ch xng t bn khng cho tr

em n trng hc, khng cho ra ngoi tri th htkhng kh trong lnh, ch v li nhun cho bn t bn.ng ghen i hi cc ch xng phi dnh thi gian cho

vic gio dc th cht v tin h thn vi th h thanh

( 1) c. Mc v Ph. ng ghen: Tuyn tp, NXB S tht, H Ni1970, t.l, tr.313

68


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thiu nin cng nhu. ng ghen ch ra s cn thitgio dc th cht cho con em cng nhn nhm khi

phc gn ct, c bp x cng v lao ng ca h chonh t bn tr li linh hot v thm mm mi

Cc nh sng lp ch ngha Mc khng nh nhngt tng tin b ca cc nh t tng thi phc hng vcn i v gio dc th cht th h tr. Tuy vy, Mc vng ghen vt xa h, do cc ng ch ra cngun gcca s tha ho v th cht ca tui tr trongx hi t bn, l s thm kht v gi tr thngd ca nh t bn v s phn cng lao ng trong xhi t bn ch ngha do ch s hu t nhn t bnch ngha sinh ra. Cc th h con em ca nhng ngiao ng chu thit thi nng n v s pht trin th

ch t v tr tu, bi v giai cp t sn bc lt sc lao ng

bng cch tng cng ln tng thi gian ngy laong t 10 gi ln 13-14 gi, khng ch i VI ngiln m c tr em di 17 tui, bi vy tui tr khng thc iu kin hc tp v rn luyn th cht. Cc nhsng lp ch ngha Mc cng ph phn nhng nh trithc tiu t sn na vi d dt i vi giai cp t sn

hoc tip tay cho ch ngha t bn khng cp nvic con em giai cp cng nhn cn phi c gio dcv th cht khi phc v pht trin sc kho. Tt c

f j) c. Mc v Ph. Ang ghen: Ton tp, xut bn ln th hai, NXB

Chnh tr Quc gia, H Ni 1995, t'20, tr.456

69


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nhng iu chng t Mc v ng ghen khng ch rtcoi trng tr dc m cn quan tm su sc n th dc cho th cht t h h tr pht trin hi ho vi s phttrin v tr tu.

V. I. Lnin, nh t tng v i ni: Thanh nin phic sc kho thc hin s ghip xv dng ch nghacng sn. Ngi cn ni vi nhng i biu d i hiln th nht ca on Thanh nin Cng sn Lnin vothng 10-1918 rng: Thanh nin chng ta khng chcn phi c trnh hiu bit v chnh tr v c kinthc vn ho, m cn cn phi phn khi, yu i, lunun c sng kin. Thanh nin trai gi ca t nc X

Vit phi sng cho p, cho si ni trong i sVig x hicng nh trong i t. u tranh, cng tc, hc tp, ththao, vui chi, ca ht, c m, l nhng lnh vc

trong thanh nin phi t biu hin cho ht tm cca mnh (1)

Qun trit t tng ca Lnin, trong Ngh quyt ihi ng cng sn Nga (Bnsvich) ln th XIII, thng5-1924, nhn mnh: Do xu hng thoi ho v th chttrong thanh nin, nh t l trong gii thanh nin hc sinh,on Thanh nin Cng sn Lnin ca nc Nga cng

vi cc t chc cng on, phi tng cng cng tc

() v (2): Mt s t liu v Th dc th thao ca c. Mc, Ph. ngghen, V. I. Lnin, Stalin, NXB Th dc th thao, H Ni, 1978,

tr.32 v 47

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trong lnh vc th dc th thao' V Ngh quyt v ccnhim v ca ng Cng sn Nga (Bnsvch) thng 7-

1925 ch r: Th dc th thao cn c xem xt trnquan im gio dc th cht, bi dng sc kho vi t

cch l mt trong nhng mt ca vic tng cng vnho, kinh t, hun luyn qun s cho thanh nin

Tm li, ch ngha Mc - Lnin, trong c hcthuyt v gio dc con ngi pht trin ton din, v

ang c nh hng to ln i vi tin tr nh cch mng vsn gii phng giai cp, gii phng x hi, gii phngcon ngi. T tng ca cc nh sng lp ch ngha Mc

- Lnin v gio dc th cht lun lun c gi tr nh

hng v mt ny trong thi i ngy nay. Ch tch H

Ch Minh nghin cu, tip thu v vn dng sng to

ch ngha Mc - Lnin vo cch mng Vit Nam, thctin ca t nc, con ngi Vit Nam, trong c hc

thuyt v gio dc th h tr pht trin ton din.

nck ta, trong x hi phong kin v thi k thucPhp, dn gian cng c nhng quan nim qu bu vgio dic th cht thanh thiu nhi. i vi tr th, nhn

dn ta nhiu ni quan nim 'Tp ng cho vng bci mi thnh. i vi thanh thiu nhi c gi trai, nhn

dn lao ng khuyn bo h luyn rn i chn bng

(1) V. I. Lnin v gi gn sc kho nhn dn lao ng v t h dc

th' thao, NXB cu vng, Mtxcva, tr.150

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cch sing i chn cng mm v khuyn khch trem tp bi Nh c phc sinh con bit li, nh c ti

sinh con bit tro". c bit nhn dn ta hng ngnnm nay thng xuyn cn dn tui tr Vn n v

luyn, Kh hc kh luyn mi thnh t.

C Phan Bi Chu, nh yu nc ln, vo u th k

XX, khi ph phn thc dn Php khng quan tm ti

mn gio dc th cht trong nh trng tiu hc ca

con em Vit Nam, bc l quan im ng n v giodc. C vit: Trong trng tiu hc khng c mn g

quan trng hn mn th dc. Th m trong trng (ca

con em ngi Vit Nam) chng c mn . Th dc tay

hng, th dc vi v kh, th dc gii tr. cho n cc

th vn ng khc u khng c a vo chng

trnh ging dy (cho con em ngi Vit Nam)Trng ng Kinh Ngha Thc v nhng trng

theo m hnh ny thc hin h thng gio dc cch

tn. quan tm ti c dc, tr dc v th dc i vi hc

sinh nhm o to mt lp ngi c hc, c sc kho

phng s nc nh.

Nhng quan nim, t tng v gio dc th dc thcht cho tui tr ca nhn dn ta v cc binh s yu

nc nh trn c nh hng nhA^t nh i vi thrinh

(1) Phan Bi Chu; Thin H, H, NXB Khoa hc x hi, H

Ni 1978, tr.62

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thiu nhi Vit Nam trong vic rn luyn sc kho, gn

gi sc kho sng v trng thnh. Tui tr Vit

Nam t i ny sang i khc, trong x hi phong kinhay thi k nc ta thuc Php, rt hiu ng, thch VU I

chi, tp tnh cc mn vt, v, bi, cu chinh, ko co,

nh u, th diu, chy nhy v nhiu tr chi dn gian

khc. Truyn thng nh hng ti tnh hiu ng

thi nin thiu ca Bc H, cng vi bn b tham gia

cc tr chi vn ng c tc dng rn luyn th cht vtinh thn.

2 . Ch tch H Ch Minh vi s pht trin th

cht th h tr

Thng 1-1946, Bc H vit: Mt nm khi u t

ma xun. Mt i khi u t tui tr. Tui tr l ma

xun ca x hi (1). v gio dc th cht cho tui trhim thy nh t tng ln no trn th gii t trc

ti nay tng hng dn v ch bo thiu nhi. thanh

nin, hc sinh, sinh vin rt su sc nh Bc H ca

chng ta.

Anh thanh nin Nguyn Tt Thnh (Bc H lc tuithanh nin) sau khi ri trng Quc hc Hu t bi

dng v rn luyn cho mnh v tm hn cao p v th

ch"t lnh mnh chun b cho cuc hnh trnh Lm

V H Ch Minh ton tp, xut bn n th hai , NXB Chnh tr

Quc gia, H Ni 1995, t4, tr.67

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ng cu nc cu dn. Khi lm thy gio ti trng

Dc Thanh (Phan Thit) vo CUI nm 1910 n u

nm 1911, Nguyn Tt Thnh sm c nhn quanmi v gio dc pht trin hi ho cc mt o c,

tri thc v th cht cho hc sinh. Ngoi vic dy hcsinh lp nh (tng ng lp 4 tiu hc ngy nay) mn

Hn vn v Quc ng nhng gi chnh kho, vo nhng

ngy ngh, thy Nguyn Tt Thnh thng a hc

sinh i tham quan ngm cnh thin nhin v nhng ditch lch s trong vng. Nhn thy Nguyn Tt

Thnh k cc cu chuyn v c cc bi ca yu nc

trong phong tro ng du hay trong cuc vn ng Duy

tn cho hc sinh nghe. Qua thy Thnh gio dc

cho hc sinh lng yu nc thng dn, tnh cm o

c con ngi. Thy Nguyn Tt Thn h thng khuynchch, nhc nh hc sinh chm ch c sch m mang

in thc v bi dng nhng phm cht tt p. L

gio vin tr nht trng, thy Nguyn Tt Thnh cn

c phn cng m trch dy th dc cho hc sinh

ton trng. Thy Thnh rt hiu ngha cu khu

hiu ca Trng Quc hc Hu; Mt tm hn trongsng trong mt th n th trng k in. Do thy Thnh

rt quan tm n vic rn luyn thn th cho hoc sinh.

Mi bui sng, thy Nguyn Tt Thnh ln lp hng

dn hc sinh tp bi th dc ri ko x n, chy, nhy

cao. nhy xa. Sn trng rng, c c sn bng r nn

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hc sinh tp luyn, vui chi si ni. Vo sng th 5

hng tun, thy Thnh cn a hc sinh ra bi bin

Thng Chnh tp luyn, chy nhy vui chi di nhnng ban mai vi kh tri trong mt. Lc by gi nc

ta, vic dy th dc th thao trong nh trng cho hc

sinh ngi Vit Nam thc s l mt vic lm c tnh

cht cch mng.

Thy Nguyn Tt Thnh dy hc ti trng Dc

Thanh khng lu, nhng vi phng php dv hc linhhot, sng to, c tnh cch mng gip cho hc sinh

ca mnh pht trin ton din v' tri thc, o c, th

cht v tinh thn lnh mnh.

Sau 30 nm Nguyn i Quc - H Ch Minh bn ba

hot ng cch mng nc ngoi, n tra ngy 28-1-

1941 (tc mng 2 tt Tn T), t nh ni Sum Kho(Tnh Ty, Qung Ty, Trung Quc), Ngi vt ct

m"c 108 bin gii Vit Trung, t bc chn u tin

n mnh t ca T quc thn yu... T , Ngi trc

tip ch o cch mng Vit Nam trong nc.

Ngay sau khi v nc, H Ch Minh sng lp ra

Vit Nam c lp ng minh (gi tt l Vit Minh).

Ngi c bu lm Ch tch Mt trn. Mt trn Vit

minh ra chng trnh hnh ng, ch trin on

ct tt c cc tng lp nhn dn, cc dn tc b p bc,

cc on th cch mng nhm nh ch ngha

quc pht xt Nht, ginh c lp cho nc Vit Nam,

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lp nn Chnh ph nhn dn ca nc Vit Nam dn

cn cng ho. Ch tch H Ch Minh din t

chng trnh Vit Minh thnh Mi chnh sch caVit minh bng vn vn mi ngi c cho d nh,

d hiu. V gio dc th h tr, Ngi vit: Thanh nin

c trng hc nhiu v Tr em, b" m khi lo. Dy

nui chnh ph gip cho y. Ch trng pht trin

nn gio dc quc dn mi, trong c gio dc th cht

cho th h tr, c chng trnh Vit minh cp:Khuyn khch nn th dc quc dn lm cho ni ging

ngy thm mnh v Nhi ng c chnh ph sn sc

c bit v th dc 'v tr dc

Cch mng thng Tm ni 1945 thnh cng, Chnhph nc Vit Nam dn ch cng ho ra i, ng u

l Ch tch H Ch Minh, tin hnh ngay cng cuc bov v xy dng nc Vit Nam mi. v gio dc, Bc Hch trng xy dng mt nn gio dc mi nhm phttrin th h tr v mi mt. Trong th gi hc sinh

nhn ngy khai trng u tin ca nc Vit Nam

mi, Ngi vit: Ngy nay cc em c ci may mn

hn cha anh l c hp th mt nn gio dc ca mtnc3c c lp, mt nn gio dc s o to cc em nnnhng ngi cng dn hu ch cho nc Vit Nam, mt

nn gio dc lm pht trin hon ton nhng nng lc

(1) H Ch Minh ton tp, NXB S tht, H Ni 1983, tp 3,

tr.421-422

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sn c ca cc em V gio dc th cht, Bc H rt

coi trng nh cc mn hc khc trong nh trng.

Ngi khuyn bo thiu nhi - hc sinh hy Sing tpth thao cho mnh my c n nang Ngi cn dnhc sinh phi hc gii khng ch cc mn vn ho m cmn gio dc th cht. u nm hc 1946 - 1947, BcH n thm trng ph thng trung hc Nguyn Tri

(H Ni), Ngi khuyn bo hc sinh phi lm theo li

dy ca Lnin, hc sinh Lin X phi hc gii ba th:ting Nga, ton v th dc. Xin trch dn bi bo: Nh

li bui Bc H n thm trng chng ti (Tun tin

tc TTXVN, s 36, ngy 8-9-1984) ca on Thanh

nh sau:

Nm hc 1946 - 1947) khai ging c hn mt

thng th trng Nguyn Tri vinh d c Bc H nthm. Bc n qu bt ng, nn mi n khi Bc bc

vo lp hc chuyn khoa 11 ca trng, chng ti mi

vi ng ln cho Bc. Bc ti ci vy tay bo: Cc

chu ngi xung. Bc quay sang hi thy Hiu trng:

Lp ny l lp my?. Thy Hiu trng p: Tha

Ch tch vi lp Bc (ngha l bc t ti) . Bc ci: th ra y ton l c t, cu t tng lai c. Bc hi:Cc chu c bit ng Lnin khng?. Tuy sp l c t.

(1) H Ch Minh ton tp, NXB Chnh tr quc gia, xut bn ln

th hai, H Ni 1995, tp 4, tr.32

(2) H Ch Minh ton tp, NX B S tht, H Ni 1984, T4, tr .l 3

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cu t (t ti) nh Bc gi yu, nhng chng ti vn cn

m v ng Lnin lm. Mt anh mnh dn ng ln

tha: Tha Bc, ng Lnin l ngi lnh o nc Nga. Bc vy tay cho anh ngi xung ri ni tip: ng,ng Lnln l ngi lnh o Lin X, ng rt quan tmn hc ng, ng khuyn hc sinh Lin X phi hc

gii ba th, cc chu c bit ba th g khng?. Bit

chng ti lng tng, Bc ci bo: Cc chu th on

xem, t suy bn thn xem cn hc g nht?. Chng timnh dn ni ln kin ca mnh, ngi th cho l phi

hc khoa hc, ngi th cho phi hc lch s, ngi th

bo phi hc chnh tr.

Bc ci bo: Mi c t, cu t k ra mt mn, th

no ch ng, nhng c mt mn Bc ch mi chng

thy ai k ra. ng l Lnin dy rng, cc hc sinh philc ting Nga, ton v... Bc dng li. C lp hi hp

ch li gii p. Bc mm ci ch tay ra ngoi sn vo

mt lp ang tp th dc ni: V th dc, c lp tici, phn khi...

Bc H rt quan tm ti mn gio dc th cht trong

nh trng. Ngy 27-3-1946, Ngi k sc lnh thnhlp Nha Thanh nin v Th dc thuc B Quc gia Giodc nhm trin khai cng tc gio dc th cht tronglc sinh, thanh thiu nin c nc ta. Trong cuckhng chin chng thc dn Php, Bc H cng dy bo1C sinh, thanh thiu nhi chm ch rn luyn thn th.

Cui nm 1947, Bc H vit th gi bo Xung Phong

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(bo ca thiu nhi yu nc tnh Hi Dng), Ngi cn

dn thiu nhi tnh Hi Dng phi chm hc, phc v

khng chin kin quc, rn luyn thn th, gi gn kut v yu nc:

Cc chu nghe Bc dn d:

Phi bit yu nc, phi lo hc hnh,

Sing lm vic, sing tp tnh,

Phi gi k lut l thnh chu ngoan

Bc H rt ch trng ti phong tro thi ua i qu'c

do Ngi pht ng trong cuc khng chin chng thcdn Php: Ngi ngi thi ua, ngnh ngnh thi ua.ta nht nh thng, ch nh't nh thua. Ni dung thi

ua i quc trong cc trng hc c c gio dc th cht:Cc trng hc thi ua v gio dc tr lc, c dc, thdc, tng gia

chu tich ho chi minh voi the duc the thao.pdf

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