CHRISTIE BEDENE SPRING 2011

WILDLIFE AND FISHERIES BIOLOGY

Nipah Virus(Henipavirus nipahvirus)

The Facts About Nipah Virus

Zoonotic virusListing by the CDCFirst outbreak in 1998Recent outbreaksHas neurological and respiratory impactsIncubation periodHas a high rate of morbidity and mortalityListed as a biological weapon

Table of Outbreaks

Year Country District Cases Deaths

1998-1999 Malaysia Country wide 265 105

1999 Singapore Singapore 11 1

2001 India West Bangal 66 49

2001 Bangladesh Meherpur 13 9

2003 Bangladesh Naogaon 12 8

2004 Bangladesh Rajbari 29 22

2004 Bangladesh Faridpur 36 27

2005 Bangladesh Tangail 12 11

2007 Bangladesh Thakurgaon 7 3

2007 Bangladesh Kushtia 8 5

2007 India Nadia, West Bangal

5 5

2008 Bangladesh Manikgonj 3 3

2008 Bangladesh Rajbari 8 3

Total 475 251

How it is Spread

Natural Vector-Fruit Bats Most common source is the domesticated pig and human to human

contact Transmission

Respiratory dropletsSalivaContact with infected tissueOther bodily secretions

First outbreak in 1998 was by contact with pigs

InitialInitial AcuteAcute

Fever Headaches Muscle pains Vomiting Sore Throat

Followed by

Dizziness Drowsiness Altered consciousness Encephalitis

Pneumonia Other respiratory

problems Seizures Coma Death

Symptoms in Humans

PreventionPrevention TreatmentTreatment

CullingRoutine cleaning of

pig farms

No vaccine No drugsTreatment of

symptoms70% of all human

cases it ends in death

Prevention and Treatment

Locations of Outbreaks of Nipah Virus

Area’s in blue is where there has been documented cases and the threat of infection of Nipah Virus

References

"Hendra Virus Disease and Nipah Virus Encephalitis | CDC Special Pathogens Branch." Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Web. 12 Feb. 2011. <http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvrd/spb/mnpages/dispages/nipah.htm>.

"WHO | Nipah Virus." Nipah Virus Fact Sheet #262. World Health Organization, July 2009. Web. 12 Feb. 2011. <http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs262/en/>.