Mongols in World History/Review World History/Napp

Some Central Asian nomads made their living by fostering commerce along the Silk Road.

Central Asian nomads invaded villages and cities when climate changes affected their food supply.

Some Central Asian nomads adopted Islam and some embraced Islamic cultures.

Based on these statements, which generalization about Central Asian nomads can best be supported?

1. They posed few challenges to settled societies.

2. They allied with settled neighbors to repel common enemies.

3. They interacted with settled societies.

4. They contributed little to the culture of their settled neighbors.

Which group used the stirrup, skilled horsemanship, and siege warfare techniques to conquer much of Asia and part of Europe in the 12th and 13th centuries?

1. Japanese2. Vikings3. Persians4. Mongols

One important impact of the Mongol expansion across Asia and Europe was the

1. increased authority of the Kievan princes

2. rise in trade along the Silk Roads3. introduction of Hinduism into

Chinese culture4. maritime exploration of the

Arabian seacoast

Which areas did the Mongols conquer and incorporate into their empire?

1. China, Russia, and Iran2. Axum, Zimbabwe, and West

Africa3. Spain, France, and Egypt4. Japan, India, and eastern Europe

The leadership of Genghis Khan, the use of the stirrup, and excellent horsemanship skills all contributed directly to the

1. collapse of Silk Road trade2. defeat of Tokugawa Japan3. beginning of European

exploration4. rise of the Mongol Empire

Base your answer to this question on the passage below and on your knowledge of social studies.…The Mongols made no technological breakthroughs, founded no new religions, wrote few books or dramas, and gave the world no new crops or methods of agriculture. Their own craftsmen could not weave cloth, cast metal, make pottery, or even bake bread. They manufactured neither porcelain nor pottery, painted no pictures, and built no buildings. Yet, as their army conquered culture after culture, they collected and passed all of these skills from one civilization to the next….— Jack Weatherford

This passage leads to the conclusion that the Mongols

1. rejected technology2. were a peaceful people3. were urbanized4. contributed to cultural diffusion

Base your answer to this question on the passage below and on your knowledge of social studies.…As early as the struggle for the steppe he had spread the claim that Heaven had destined him as ruler; members of Mongol trading caravans spread stories intended to cause panic among the local populace; forged letters were fed to Sultan Muhammad which strengthened his mistrust of his Turkic units; freedom of religion was proclaimed; those who offered no resistance were promised that life and property would be spared; terrible destruction was threatened in the event of resistance; bloody examples were designed to spread fear and reduce the populace’s will to resist….— Paul Ratchnevsky, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, Blackwell Publishing

According to this passage, which Mongol practice contributed greatly to their success?

1. nomadic lifestyle2. superior horsemanship3. psychological warfare4. religious conversion

One way in which Pax Romana and Pax Mongolia are similar is that both were characterized by

1. political stability2. unifying religious institutions3. representative forms of

government4. social equality for men and

women

Which statement about the Mongol Empire is accurate?

1. The Mongols developed a highly technological society that emphasized formal education.

2. European monarchies became a model for the early Mongol governments.

3. Pax Mongolia led to regional stability, increasing trade on the Silk Road.

4. The Mongols adopted Roman Catholicism as the official religion of the empire.

In less than 50 years, it was the largest unified land empire in history.

In 1279, it was the first foreign group to gain complete control of China.

It made the caravan routes across Asia safe for trade and travel.

When attempting to conquer Japan in 1274 and 1281, its fleets were destroyed by storms.

Which empire is most closely associated with these statements?

1. Persian 2. Gupta 3. Ottoman 4. Mongol

Which factor contributed to the success of the vast empire created by the Mongols?

1. avoiding contacts with the West 2. paying monetary tribute to local

rulers 3. employing superior military skills 4. converting conquered peoples to

Confucianism

Base your answer to this question on the map below and on your knowledge of social studies.

Which group of people ruled much of Asia during the period shown on this map?1. Mongol2. Indian3. Japanese4. European

Base your answer to the question on the map below and on your knowledge of social studies.

Which empire is the focus of this map?1. Mongol2. Songhai3. Roman4. Persian

Base your answer to the question on the map and on your knowledge of social studies.

Which statement about the Mongols is supported by the information in the map?1. The Yuan dynasty kept China isolated from outside influence.2. Most of the Chinese people lived in the river valleys.3. Kublai Khan and Genghis Khan extended Mongol influence to other parts of

Asia.4. The city of Samarkand was part of the Yuan Empire.

Developed a tribute system Reestablished trade along the Silk Roads Created an empire from Eastern Europe to the Pacific coast of Asia

Which group was responsible for the results described above?1. Huns 2. Japanese 3. Koreans 4. Mongols

Which factor contributed to the success of the vast empire created by the Mongols?1. avoiding contacts with the West 2. paying monetary tribute to local rulers 3. employing superior military skills 4. converting conquered peoples to Confucianism

One similarity between the Mongols of Central Asia and the Incas of South America was that both societies

1. developed cash-crop farming 2. based their wealth on the slave trade 3. adapted to difficult physical environments 4. practiced monotheistic religions

Marco Polo was a Venetian trader who visited Mongol China in 1275 with his father and uncle. Marco Polo’s father and uncle were merchants eager to meet new people and trade for new goods. This gave Marco Polo the chance to see many different people, places and goods. After meeting China’s Mongol ruler, Kublai Khan, Marco Polo traveled throughout his realm as his ambassador. For 17 years, Marco Polo recorded his impressions of this land seen by very few Europeans. Upon his return to Europe in 1295, Marco Polo spent many years in prison. Here he told the stories of his great journeys to Rustichiello of Pisa who recorded them into the book Il milione.

Read the passage from Il milione below. Pay close attention to Marco Polo’s description of Tin-gui’s main product and how it was made. Then use this passage, and what you already know about Marco Polo, to complete the puzzle.

“. . . Of this place [the city of Tin-gui] there is nothing further to be observed, than that of cups or bowls and dishes of porcelainware are there manufactured. The process was explained to be as follows. They collect a certain kind of earth, as it were, from a mine, and laying it in a great heap, suffer it to be exposed to the wind, the rain, and the sun, for thirty or forty years, during which time it is never disturbed. By this it becomes refined and fit for being wrought into the vessels above mentioned. Such colours as may be thought proper are then laid on, and the ware is afterwards baked in ovens or furnaces. Those persons, therefore, who cause the earth to be dug, collect it for their children and grandchildren. Great quantities of the manufacture are sold in the city, and for a Venetian groat you may purchase eight porcelain cups.”Read each clue to help you complete the puzzle.

Across 1. Tin-gui product 4. “. . . the ware is afterwards baked in ovens or _____.” 7. Marco Polo’s traveling companion 9. Marco Polo’s job with Kublai Khan Down 2. Marco Polo visited ___. 3. Marco Polo’s home 4. The people of Tin-gui exposed the earth to wind, rain, and sun for thirty to _____ years. 5. Marco Polo passed through this country going to and leaving China. 6. Marco Polo's father was a _____. 8. The rulers of China in 1275

Word Bank: Dynasty, Marco Polo, Mountains, Beijing, Gunpowder, Pax Mongolia, Steppes, Silk Road, Kublai Khan, Chinggis Khan, Mandate of Heaven, Confucianism, Great Wall

1- Why was Kublai Khan a man of two worlds?

2- Why did Kublai Khan plant a plot of grass from the steppe in the gardens at Beijing?

3- Why do historians know little about Marco Polo?

4- Why do some individuals debate whether Polo even visited China?

Essay Practice:

The Mongols left behind few cultural legacies yet the Mongols radically transformed world history. Prove this thesis statement with specific evidence.