Chinese Imperialism Ryan Hamilton Daniel Woodruff Gabriel Duarte Lucas Velasco Ben Chapman The Qing Dynasty China had a long history of trade with Europe For most of this time China was self sufficient China often gave Europe more than it received Trade was carefully regulated by the Chinese imperial Gov. The Qing (or Manchu) was the controlling for in China during the early 19th C The Qing dynasty is also the last dynasty prior to the Peoples Republic of China They required all foreign merchants to live in Canton, a Southern city A local merchant monopoly was formed to strengthen the Gov. The Chinese Forbade the foreign merchants from selling products that could potentially harm their reputations The Qing Dynasty Ctd. During this time the British owned India, who presented Opium to the Cantonese merchants Opium was legally grown in India Opium was smuggled into China by sea and bribing people in the right places By 1836 the British merchants in Canton were trying to establish a British colony in China Because of this, the Qings realized Opium trade had to be stopped They thought it was costly and negatively affected the populous The Qings often wanted to prosecute Chinese drug dealers In 1839, foreign merchants had to obey Chinese law The Qing Dynasty Ctd. By 1860, the Qing Dynasty appeared to be on the verge of collapse After failings to repel foreigners, the dynasty was left weak The Dynasty also called upon its strengths and manage to last another 30 years This was due to: Effective leadership from Tzu Hsi, the empress dowager who used shrewd insight and vigorous action to bring the bureaucracy back Destructive foreign aggression lessened Europe had achieved it goals of diplomatic and commercial relations Stronger foreign ties were made The Qing Dynasty Ctd. The Sino Japanses War of 1894 This revealed Chinas weaknesses China searched for help by the European powers but received very little aid The Qing Dynasty Ctd. China became desperate to revitalize as a nation The Dynasty launched the 100 days of Reform as an attempt to meet foreign change Radical reformers such as Sun Yat-sen sought change through the Manchus entirely and install a republic Others reverted to individual isolationism These people accused the others of destroying what China had come to be Imperialists reacted quickly and killed thousands The Qing Dynasty Ctd. Anarchy and foreign influence has spread throughout China, making the Qing dynasty much weaker In 1912, a swift uprising would finally topple the Qing Dynasty. When the nation would rise again, it would the Peoples Republic of China as it took on the form of the European nations Chinese and European Trade During the age of exploration, Europe looked towards all of Asia for new spices and new gifts Missionaries came back from Asia and spoke of its beauty and glory Beginning in the 17th C, Chinoiserie, a French term meaning Chinese like, became an overwhelming theme in Europe Chinoiserie was largely promoted by philosophers such as Voltaire and Montesquieu Frederick II built an entire Chinese Village Europeans began furnishing their homes with silk wall hangings, lacquered furniture and delicate tea services Rococo showplace, a Roman Celebration of Chinese culture in 1772 Chinese and European Trade Towards the end of the 18th C, Europeans lost focus in Chinese culture Some Europeans disliked Confucianism because they believed it sparked revolutions Confucianism is centered around the idea that humans are not perfect and that humans need to be taught and improved especially through personal journeys The Opium Wars The British had become the dominant foreign trade group in Europe due to their Opium trading Opium is a narcotic made from processed sap from an opium poppy First used in sourthern Asia and a recreational drug Grown in British-owned India, the British monopolized drug trade High desired product Brought in through fast ships and bribing Main trade in Canton The Qings outlawed Opium, and attempted to stop British drug trade The Opium Wars After refusing to stop selling Opium, war broke out between the British and Chinese Britain easily defeated the Chinese and forced them to surrender This was largely due to the use of Indian troops, advanced sea tactics, and the previously occupied Chinese cities This resulted in the treaty of Nanking in 1842 This forced the Chinese to forfeit Hong Kong and $100 mil to Britain The British thereafter expanded Opium trade The Opium Wars The Second Opium war, or Arrow war, occurred in Chinese rebellions against the British led to British and French forces in Beijing burning the emperors summer palace This led to another round of harsh treaties designed to benefit European powers and hurt China Nationalism and the Last Dynasty of China The beginning of the 20th C was very unstable in China. This was due to: Incompentency in the Qing dynasty Troubles with the Opium wars Growing strength of Japan in their battle with Russia Wars with France near India Nationalism and the Last Dynasty of China The Wu-chang Uprising This occurred because of dissatisfaction with a railway crisis, causing an uprising against the Qings on Oct Battle of Yang Xia- the most important battle during this period This was a catalyst for the Xin Hai revolution The revolution that dethroned the Qing dynasty ending 2,000 years of dynastic rule in China and establishing the republic of China Nationalism and the Last Dynasty of China Sun Yat-Sen The elected president of the new ROC, where he pledged to overthrow the despotic Manchu government, consolidate the ROC and plan for the welfare of the people. Troubles arose in removing the Manchu government Realizing his inability to control an army in way he gave his presidency to Yuan Shi Kai, an imperialist who had helped pus the Qing dynasty out Yaun ignored the republic and declared himself emperor of China in 1915 and attempted to remove provinces and unite China as one province Yat-Sen returned to Southern China and allied warlords under the Kuaminatang, or Chinese Nationalist Party Nationalism and the Last Dynasty of China The Communist party in China In an attempt to unify China, Yat-Sen and his allied warlords pushed north The young intellectuals of northern China, specifically Peiping, were upset by the poor dealings of the Treat of Versailles in China by the local government Nationalism and the Last Dynasty of China The Shandong Problem the 156th article of the Treaty of Versailles (ended WWI in 1919) placed Shandong, China in Japans control This caused the May 4th movement where the upset students in Peiping protested the local government and raising the nationalist feeling of the poeple This sparked the cultural movement in CHian and the increasing spread of Marxism finally lead to the creation of the Communist party of China in 1920 Yat-Sen died in 1925 where Chiang Kai-Shek, his general, became president leading up to WWII On the Adoption of Western Learning Written by Feng Guifen, this was an account of how the Chinese viewed western culture This showed a negative connotation, but a sense of awe while talking about Europeans Surely there are some who, having learned from barbarians, can surpass them... I have heard that with their new methods the Westerners have found that the movements of the earth conform closely to those of the heavens... Works Cited Educators of Columbia. "Excerpts from On the Adoption of Western Learning." Columbia University. Columbia University. Web..http://afe.easia.columbia.edu/ps/china/feng_guifen_western_learning.pdf "May Fourth Movement." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 18 Feb Web. 06 Mar http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_Fourth_movement McKay, John P., Bennett D. Hill, and John Buckler. A History of Western Society. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, Print. "Republic of China." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 03 May Web. 06 Mar http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_China "Wuchang Uprising." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 03 Apr Web. 06 Mar http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wuchang_Uprising "Xinhai Revolution." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 03 Mar Web. 06 Mar http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xinhai_Revolution