china in revolution ap world history. post world war ii china nationalists under chiang kai-shek...
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China in Revolution
AP World History
Post World War II China Nationalists under
Chiang Kai-shek fight a civil war with communists led by Mao Zedong
By 1949 Communists win & proclaim People’s Republic of China (Beijing as capital)
Nationalists retreat to Taiwan and proclaim Republic of China (Taipei as capital)
The Mao Era Had promised land
reform; won over peasants
Confiscated land & property; distributed to peasants
Wanted to improve living conditions & transform China into a modern industrial and agricultural nation
The Five Year Plan Launched in 1953 Private industries
brought under government control
Peasants merged individual landholdings into large cooperatives
With Soviet help built roads, factories, & canals
The Great Leap Forward Launched in 1958 Cooperatives merged
into larger government controlled units called communes
Stressed human labor over technology
Was a disaster – food shortages, mismanagement, & peasant resistance
Was halted – 20-40 million died of starvation
The Cultural Revolution Launched in 1966 Was supposed to end
the influence of pragmatists (who wanted practical reforms)
Time of great disorder and confusion; schools closed, factory production dropped, violence erupted, tens of thousands died
1968 – order restored by the army
Chinese Foreign Policy Opposed the United
States and other capitalist countries
U.S. recognized the Taiwanese government since 1949
Supported North Korea in Korean War
Late 1950s – Chinese-Soviet relations soured (ideological & border dispute)
Explode 1st atom bomb in 1964
1972 – U.S President Richard Nixon visits China
Mao Zedong dies in 1976
Four Modernizations Stressed
improvements in agriculture, industry, science, and defense
Government still controlled major industries – efficiency stressed
Welcomed foreign businesses and technology
Special Economic Zones created
Sparked economic growth and raised standards of living
Tiananmen Square Massacre 1989 – May-June 100,000 rallied for
democracy Government sent in
troops and tanks Thousands were killed
or wounded Supporters were shot,
imprisoned tortured or silenced
Damaged China’s prestige abroad
China After Deng 1997 - Deng Xiaping
dies 1997 – Hong Kong
acquired from the British
1999 – Macao reacquired from the Portuguese
Taiwan’s status is still up in the air
Post World War II South Asia
AP World History
Dividing the Subcontinent India granted
independence in 1947 West & East Pakistan
created from Muslim majority areas
Violence erupted from mass movements – millions killed
Gandhi assassinated in 1948
India 1st Prime Minister –
Jawaharlal Nehru 1964 – Nehru’s
daughter, Indira becomes Prime Minister
1984 – Indira Gandhi assassinated
India & Pakistan 1971 – Civil war
between East & West Pakistan
1971 – East Pakistan becomes Bangladesh
Since 1947 – India & Pakistan have fought over Kashmir
Both India & Pakistan now have nuclear weapons