Child Marriage

Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys- MICS3Analysis and Report Writing Workshop

Panama City, July 12-20, 2006

Indicators

1. Marriage before age 15 and age 18

2. Young women aged 15-19 years currently married or in union

3. Spousal age difference

4. Polygyny

Goals World Fit for Children (WFFC)Protecting children against abuse, exploitation and violence and under general protection to• End harmful traditional or customary practices, such as early and forced marriage and female genital mutilation, which violates the rights of children and women

Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)The MD declaration calls for the protection of children against abuse, exploitation and violence but no goal, target or indicator is included

Why to measure child marriage?

Reasons:

• Identify the magnitude of the problem as well as its characteristics• Evaluate impact of programs and interventions based on trends

Which is the approach in MICS3?

• Estimation of indicators based on household survey • Present obtained results by background variables • Promote the design and implementation of further analysis of the main determinants of this practice

MARRIAGE/UNION MODULE MA MA1. ARE YOU CURRENTLY MARRIED OR LIVING

TOGETHER WITH A MAN AS IF MARRIED? Yes, currently married................................. 1 Yes, living with a man ................................. 2 No, not in union........................................... 3

3MA3

MA2. HOW OLD WAS YOUR HUSBAND/PARTNER ON

HIS LAST BIRTHDAY?

Age in years ......................................... __ __ DK ............................................................. 98

MA5 98MA5

MA3. HAVE YOU EVER BEEN MARRIED OR LIVED

TOGETHER WITH A MAN? Yes, formerly married ................................. 1 Yes, formerly lived with a man.................... 2 No ............................................................... 3

3NEXT

MODULE MA4. WHAT IS YOUR MARITAL STATUS NOW: ARE

YOU WIDOWED, DIVORCED OR SEPARATED? Widowed ..................................................... 1 Divorced...................................................... 2 Separated ................................................... 3

MA5. HAVE YOU BEEN MARRIED OR LIVED WITH A

MAN ONLY ONCE OR MORE THAN ONCE?

Only once.................................................... 1 More than once........................................... 2

MA6. IN WHAT MONTH AND YEAR DID YOU FIRST

MARRY OR START LIVING WITH A MAN AS IF

MARRIED?

Month ................................................... __ __ DK month .................................................. 98 Year ........................................... __ __ __ __ DK year ................................................. 9998

MA7. Check MA6: Both month and year of marriage/union known? Go to Next Module Either month or year of marriage/union not known? Continue with MA8 MA8. HOW OLD WERE YOU WHEN YOU STARTED

LIVING WITH YOUR FIRST HUSBAND/PARTNER? Age in years ......................................... __ __

Which countries included the child marraige module in MICS3?

• 5 out of 7• Dominican Republic, Guyana, Jamaica, Suriname and Trinidad and Tobago• Belize or Cuba did not• Mongolia?

Marriage before age 15 and

age 18

Numerator:

Number of women that were first married or in union by the exact age of 15 and the exact age of 18 by age groups

Denominator:

Total number of women aged 15-49 years and 20-49 years surveyed, by age groups

Proportion of women 20-24 married/in union by age 18 in LAC countries. 1986-2004

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Peru

Colom

bia Haiti

Brazil

Parag

uay

Bolivia

Ecuad

or

El Salv

ador

Mex

ico

Guate

mala

Trinida

d an

d Tob

ago

Domini

can

Repub

lic

Nicara

gua

Per

cen

t

Young women aged 15-19 years currently married or in union

Numerator:

Number of women aged 15-19 years currently married or in union

Denominator:

Total number of women aged 15-19 years surveyed

Proportion of women 15-19 married or in union in LAC countries. DHS, 1996-2005

0

5

10

15

20

25

Peru Bolivia Colombia Brazil Haiti Nicaragua DominicanRepublic

Guatemala

Per

cen

t

SPSS Program

• Generates basic table: CP.5• Generates

– percentages of women 15-49 years of age married or in first union before their 15th birthday

– percentages of women 20-49 years of age married or in first union before their 18th birthday

– The percentage of women 15-19 years that were married or in union at the moment of the survey

Table CP.5: Early marriage and polygynyPercentage of women aged 15-49 in marriage or union before their 15th birthday, percentage of women aged 20-49 in marriage or union before their 18th birthday,percentage of women aged 15-19 currently married or in union, and the percentage of married or in union women in a polygynous marriage or union, Country, Year

.6 875 14.8 692 4.7 183 . 512

.7 3479 15.8 2622 5.5 857 . 2047

.9 3250 12.8 2546 7.6 704 . 2168

.9 2342 16.6 1708 7.1 634 . 1364

.5 297 7.7 231 1.0 66 . 154

.8 2891 13.5 2252 6.7 639 . 1726

.8 7352 15.1 5546 6.2 1806 . 4519

.0 2445 . 0 6.4 2445 . 155

1.0 1981 12.7 1981 . 0 . 1052

2.1 1428 23.3 1428 . 0 . 1146

.7 1270 16.2 1270 . 0 . 1128

.8 1192 10.6 1192 . 0 . 1073

.7 1137 12.0 1137 . 0 . 1010

.6 790 11.5 790 . 0 . 680

.0 159 13.1 85 9.5 75 . 64

2.5 291 27.7 140 9.4 151 . 103

.8 9791 14.4 7572 6.0 2219 . 6076

.0 2 .0 2 . 0 . 2

.9 1900 17.0 1405 4.7 496 . 1179

.8 1978 13.4 1482 4.7 496 . 1174

.8 2070 14.0 1591 5.3 479 . 1260

.9 2127 14.8 1611 10.7 516 . 1318

.5 2168 14.3 1710 6.1 458 . 1315

.9 7471 16.1 5610 6.6 1861 . 4488

.5 2441 11.3 1920 6.2 521 . 1595

.5 90 8.1 81 5.0 9 . 42

.8 31 13.1 23 3.0 8 . 17

1.6 197 8.1 160 .0 37 . 100

.0 13 .0 3 .0 9 . 3

.8 10243 14.7 7798 6.4 2445 . 6245

Dushanbe

Khatlon

Sogd

RRS

GBAO

Region

Urban

Rural

Residence

15-19

20-24

25-29

30-34

35-39

40-44

45-49

Age

None

Primary

Secondary +

Non-standard curriculum

Woman'seducation

Poorest

Second

Middle

Fourth

Richest

Wealthindexquintiles

Tajik

Uzbek

Russian

Kirgiz

Other

Missing

Mothertongue ofhead

Total

Percentagemarried

before age15 *

Number ofwomen aged15-49 years

Percentagemarried

before age18 *

Number ofwomen aged20-49 years

Percentageof women

15-19 yearsmarried/inunion **

Number of women aged15-19 years

Percentage ofwomen aged

15-49 years inpolygynous

marriage/union ***

Number ofwomen

aged 15-49currently

married/inunion

* MICS Indicator 67** MICS Indicator 68*** MICS Indicator 70

Spousal age difference

Numerator:

Number of women married/in union aged 15-19 years and 20-24 years with a difference in age of 10 or more years between them and their current spouse

Denominator:

Total number of women aged 15-19 and 20-24 years surveyed that are currently married or in union

SPSS Program

• Generates basic table: CP 6• Generates

– Percentage of women 15-19 years of age currently married/in union by groups of age difference with their current spouse

– Percentage of women 20-24 years of age currently married/in union by groups of age difference with their current spouse

Table CP.6: Spousal age differencePercent distribution of currently married/in union women aged 15-19 and 20-24 according to the age difference with their husband or partner, Country, Year

.0 23.6 70.6 5.8 .0 100.0 9 .6 38.4 50.3 10.3 .5 100.0 61

.0 40.5 56.3 3.2 .0 100.0 47 1.3 51.4 40.0 5.9 1.4 100.0 364

2.4 73.5 19.0 5.1 .0 100.0 53 2.7 66.8 26.6 3.6 .3 100.0 393

.0 34.7 52.8 7.8 4.7 100.0 45 .6 51.8 42.5 5.2 .0 100.0 222

.0 24.8 75.2 .0 .0 100.0 1 1.4 48.5 42.0 8.1 .0 100.0 12

3.0 41.5 49.3 1.2 5.0 100.0 43 .9 49.7 39.1 10.3 .1 100.0 260

.0 52.1 41.0 6.9 .0 100.0 113 1.8 58.7 35.1 3.5 .8 100.0 793

.8 49.2 43.3 5.3 1.4 100.0 155 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 0

.0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 0 1.6 56.5 36.1 5.2 .6 100.0 1052

18.2 68.3 .0 13.5 .0 100.0 7 .0 39.5 34.2 26.3 .0 100.0 13

.0 21.5 60.4 18.1 .0 100.0 14 .0 45.4 50.3 4.3 .0 100.0 35

.0 51.1 43.8 3.5 1.6 100.0 134 1.7 57.0 35.7 4.9 .7 100.0 1002

.0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 0 .0 100.0 .0 .0 .0 100.0 2

.0 51.7 48.3 .0 .0 100.0 23 1.3 61.2 32.9 3.0 1.6 100.0 216

5.5 62.1 11.0 21.4 .0 100.0 24 1.0 57.7 35.9 4.5 .9 100.0 159

.0 56.3 24.6 10.7 8.4 100.0 25 2.4 56.3 35.9 4.8 .7 100.0 231

.0 44.4 55.6 .0 .0 100.0 55 2.0 59.2 34.4 4.4 .0 100.0 254

.0 39.3 58.9 1.8 .0 100.0 28 1.0 46.7 42.5 9.6 .1 100.0 192

1.1 49.0 43.6 4.5 1.7 100.0 123 1.8 53.1 39.4 5.1 .6 100.0 748

.0 49.3 42.2 8.4 .0 100.0 32 1.1 66.0 28.1 4.1 .7 100.0 286

.0 100.0 .0 .0 .0 100.0 0 .0 2.8 48.2 49.0 .0 100.0 4

.0 .0 100.0 .0 .0 100.0 0 .0 67.5 27.0 5.5 .0 100.0 4

.0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 0 1.6 54.4 20.0 24.0 .0 100.0 10

.8 49.2 43.3 5.3 1.4 100.0 155 1.6 56.5 36.1 5.2 .6 100.0 1052

Dushanbe

Khatlon

Sogd

RRS

GBAO

Region

Urban

Rural

Residence

15-19

20-24

Age

None

Primary

Secondary +

Non-standard curriculum

Woman'seducation

Poorest

Second

Middle

Fourth

Richest

Wealthindexquintiles

Tajik

Uzbek

Russian

Kirgiz

Other

Mothertongue ofhead

Total

Younger0-4 years

older5-9 years

older10+ years

older *

Husband/partner's age

unknown

Percentage of currently married/in union women aged 15-19whose husband or partner is:

Total

Number ofwomen aged15-19 years

currentlymarried/in

union Younger0-4 years

older5-9 years

older10+ years

older *

Husband/partner's age

unknown

Percentage of currently married/in union women aged 20-24whose husband or partner is:

Total

Number ofwomen aged20-24 years

currentlymarried/in

union

* MICS Indicator 69

Table CP.5: Early marriage and polygyny

Percentage married

before age 15*

Number of women 15-49 years of age

Percentage married

before age 18*

Number of women 20-49 years of age

Percentage of women 15-19

married/in union**

Number of women 15-19 years of age

Percentage in polygynous marriage/ union***

Number of women

married/in union

Region

Region 1

Region 2

Region 3

Residence

Urban

Rural

Age

15-19 na na

20-24 na na

25-29 na na

30-34 na na

35-39 na na

40-44 na na

45-49 na na

Education

None

Primary

Secondary +

Wealth Index Quintiles

Poorest

Second

Middle

Fourth

Richest

Ethnicity/Language/Religion

Group 1

Group 2

Group 3

Total

Percentage of women 15-49 years of age in marriage or union before their 15th birthday, percentage of women 20-49 years of age in marriage or union before their 18th birthday, percentage of women 15-19 years of age currently married or in union, and the percentage of married or in union women in a polygynous marriage or union, Country, Year

Methodological issues

• Best to report on marriage/union before age 18 only among women 20-24, 25-29, etc.

• Trends in the proportion of marriage/union before age 15 can be obtained by comparing age cohorts 15-19, 20-24, 25-29, etc

• Spousal age differences are produced using the age of the current husband

Thank you!