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Assignment onChild Labor

Submitted By:

Anupam Jain

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Child Population in India

India has the highest number ofchildren in the world.

More than one third of countryspopulation is below 18 years

Approximately 40% of the population(around 440 million) is children

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Status of Children in India

India has highest rate of neo-natal deaths (around 35%) in the world 40% of child malnutrition in developing world

50% of the child mortality Reducing number of girls in 0-6 age group- for every 1000

boys 927 girls 46% children from ST and 38% SC out of school High school dropout specially among girls High rate of child marriage:

37% of literate & 51% of illiterate girls are married below 1810% of literate & 15% of illiterate boys are married below 18

Large number of child labourers

Large number of sexually abused children

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Protection Issues

Protecting children in difficultcircumstances including natural disasters:

Children in Need of Care and Protection Child in Conflict with Law

Elimination of child labour

Protecting children from being traffickedfor commercial and sexual exploitation

Protecting children affected by HIV/AIDS

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Children in Need of Care &Protection

Orphans, abandoned & destitute children Missing or run-away children Street & working children Children of sex workers Abused, tortured and exploited children Children indulging in substance abuse Children affected by HIV/AIDS Children affected by natural calamities, emergencies

and man made disasters Children with disabilities Child beggars Children suffering from terminal/incurable disease

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Existing Programmes

The existing schemes & programmes of GOIincludes: A Programme for Juvenile Justice Scheme for Working Children in need of care and

protection

Integrated Programme for Street Children Shishu Greha Scheme General Grant-in-aid Scheme CHILDLINE-24 hour help line for children in distress Rajiv Gandhi national crche scheme for the children of

working mothers Pilot Project to Combat the Trafficking of Women and

Children for Commercial Sexual Exploitation inDestination Areas

Scheme for assistance to institutions/VOs for care and

support to children affected by HIV/AIDS

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Gaps

Lack of qualitative and quantitative data on: Children in need of care & protection Children in conflict with law Institutional Care system

Standards of care not established andimplemented

Inadequate infrastructure under JJ system, likeconstitution of: Juvenile Justice Boards Child Welfare Committees Special Juvenile Police Units

Lack of non-institutional and family based care

system for children

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Gaps

Skewed utilization of resources in terms ofgeographical spread;

Lack of coordination and convergence ofprogrammes/services;

Inadequate emphasis for reintegration andrestoration to families for rehabilitation;

Inadequate budgetary allocation for childprotection. Inadequate training and capacity building of

functionaries under juvenile justice system

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Current Initiatives

Amendment of Juvenile Justice (Care andProtection of Children) Act, 2000

Comprehensive Scheme Integrated ChildProtection Programme

Adoption Scheme

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Proposed Integrated ChildProtection Scheme (ICPS)

GOI has proposed to combine its existing differentchild protection schemes under one integrated scheme

It aims to provide for care and protection of all thechildren in conflict with law and children in need of careand protection.

It proposes to involve steps to: Strengthen families and prevent them from breakup and

children becoming homeless and without care and protection. Provide support to children already outside the mainstream,

beginning from emergency outreach services to final

rehabilitation with their families/ society.

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Objectives

The Integrated Child Protection Scheme aims at:

Creating a safety net for children in need of care andprotection and children in conflict with law

Promoting preventive measures to enable families to

stay together and prevent avoidable institutionalizationof children Providing services to the more vulnerable categories of

children through specialized programmes Establishing linkages for restoration of children to

their biological families/ placement with adoptivefamilies or foster families Ensuring effective implementation through the creation

of State level child protection units Supplementing and strengthening the infrastructure

established under the Juvenile Justice Act, 2000

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Objectives

Creating emergency access through CHILDLINE andfollowed by counseling, restoration and rehabilitativeservices along with linkages to other available servicesunder various schemes of the Government ofIndia/State Governments/VOs

Building capacities of families, community, NGOs, localbodies, police, judiciary and other concerneddepartments of State Government

Undertaking research, advocacy and spreadingawareness about child related issues.

Networking amongst the Allied Systems to ensureproper treatment of children, care and rehabilitation Initiating any other need based specialized innovative

services including child guidance and counsellingespecially to combat drug abuse, HIV/AIDS and sexual

abuse.

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Integrated Child Protection Scheme

Shishu Greha

Social Workers (2)

Dist. CP Officer

Child Adoption Cell

Homes

SPJU

Probation Officer

JJB

Juvenile in Conflictwith Law

Non-InstitutionalizationScheme

Homes

CWC

Children in Need ofCare & Protection

Scoial Workers (2)

Dist. CP Officer Dist. ProbationOfficer

Legal Officer

State Child Protection Unit

Secretary

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Components of the Scheme

The components of the scheme would bebroadly divided in two categories:

Juvenile in conflict with law, and

Children in need of care and protection

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Components of the ICPS

Juvenile in conflict with law: Under thiscomponent, the Scheme would supportsetting up:

State Child Protection Unit Observation Homes Special Homes

Aftercare Homes Juvenile Justice Boards (JJBs) Special Juvenile Police Units (SPJU)

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Components of the ICPS

Children in Need of Care & Protection: Under thiscomponent, the Scheme would support setting up:

State Child Protection Unit Childrens Homes Shelter Homes After-care Organisations Child Welfare Committees (CWCs) 24-hour Drop-in Shelters for Street Children

CHILDLINE Service

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Funding Pattern

ICPS to be a centrally sponsored schemeand shall be implemented through theState/UT

Bulk funding from the Central Government.State/UT shall in turn provide grant-in-aidto voluntary organizations under thedifferent components

Eligibility criteria laid down for providinggrant-in-aid under the Scheme shall beadhered

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Information sought from States

What funding and administrative support is provided by the StateGovernments to CWCs/ JJBs?

What is the expenditure required for the monthly maintenance of a childin an Observation/ Childrens Home i.e. for his food, clothing and otherbasic amenities?

What are the provisions made by the State Government for restorationof a child to his/her family (a) within the State (b) outside the State?

Whether each case of restoration is provided with any funds and howmuch?

What are the measures taken by the State Govt. to ensure that childrenin Observation/Childrens Home are being given proper education? Arethey being sent to school outside the home or is the education beingimparted within the home?

What are the vocational training facilities available to the childrenlodged in various homes?

What are the counseling and awareness facilities for children in homesespecially for drug abuse and HIV/AIDS?

What is the type of training being given to the staff of homes and itsfrequency?

Whether Special Juvenile Police Units have been set up in the State?

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Proposed Adoption Scheme

Central Adoption Resource Agency (CARA)functions as the Central Authority forpromoting Adoptions in India

The Ministry recognizes that there aregaps in the existing Adoption system

A draft Scheme has been prepared to

streamline the Adoption System in thecountry

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Proposed Adoption Scheme

The major components of the draft schemeinclude: Redefining the goals for Adoption Reforming relevant laws

Juvenile Justice (Care & Protection of Children) Act 2000 Rescheduling the procedure of:

In-country Adoption Inter-country Adoption

Restructuring the system Introducing the scheme of assistance for:

Regional Offices of CARA at Kolkata, Guwahati, Mumbai,Bangalore, Delhi, Lucknow and Bhopal

State Adoption Cells in every State

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State Adoption Cell

The State Adoption Cell at other hand would besetup to: License and monitor Child Care Institutions involved in

adoption; Maintain a comprehensive List of Child Care

Institutions involved in adoption; Collect and maintain centralised list of children

available for adoption;

Register and place adoptable children with prospectiveadoptive parents (PAPs) and to handle mattersincidental thereto;

Act as the clearing house of adoption information atthe state level;

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State Adoption Cell

Furnish the list of adoptable children and prospectiveadoptive parents to the concerned CARA RegionalOffice in prescribed format on monthly basis if theirneeds could not be addressed within the State;

Enhance capacity building of district levelfunctionaries involved in adoption including ChildProtection Officers;

Provide all kinds of adoption data to CARA RegionalOffice in the prescribed format on monthly basis.

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Information sought from States

Whether State Adoption Cell has been set up inthe State and what are the basic activities? What are the numbers of adoptions that have

taken place under (a) HAMA (b) JJ Act, 2000?

What are the problems coming in the way ofadoption under the JJ Act, 2000? What are the numbers of adoptable children in

the (a) State run Children/other homes, (b)

other homes being run by voluntary agencies?Whether any attempt has been made by theState to bring them into adoption scope/net?

Whether VCA existing in the State and if not

whether any efforts being made to set it up?