SONG HONGBINGChieens Tranh Tieenf Teej Dichj giar: Hoof Ngocj Minh Hieeuj Ddinhs: Nguyeenx Giang ChiLowif giowis thieeuj

Ngay tuwf nhor, chungs ta ddax cos khais nieemj veef tieenf bacj. Chungs ta haan hoan chowf ddons nhuwngx ddoongf tieenf muwngf tuooir mowis cong khi nawm heets Teets ddeens. Lowns leen, buwowcs vaof con dduwongf muwu sinh, chungs ta mong muoons kieeems dduwowcj nhieeuf tieenf vif khais nieemj tieenf bacj nhieeuf khi gawns lieenf vowis suwj thanhf coong trong cuoocj soongs. Tuy nhieen, raats its nguwowif trong chungs ta hieeur dduwowcj cooij nguoonf tieenf bacj cungx nhuw suwj sinh toonf vaf phats trieenr cuar ddoongf tieenf, vif sao nhuwngx towf giaays cos in hinhf nhuwngx con soos laij cos gias trij ddeens thees, nhuwng cungx vowis towf giaays ddos, chungs ta gaanf nhuw khoong mua dduwowcj mons hangf naof cos gias trij trong giai ddoanj khungr hoangr tieenf teej sieeu caaps. Phaanf lowns chungs ta thuwowngf nghix rawngf, suwj hieenj dieenj cuar ddoongf tieenf trong cuoocj soongs laf mootj lex dduwowng nhieen nhuw khoong khis vaf nuwowcs vaayj. Cho ddeens khi ddocj cuoons sachs “Chieens tranh tieenf teej”, chungs ta mowis chowtj giaatj minhf nhaanj ra mootj ddieeuf kinh khungr rawngf, ddawngf sau nhuwngx towf giaays bacj chungs ta chi tieeu hangf ngayf laf car mootj thees luwcj ngaamf ddangs sowj – mootj thees luwcj bis aanr vowis quyeenf luwcj sieeu nhieen cos theer ddieeuf khieenr car thees giowis roongj lowns nayf. “Chieens tranh tieenf teej” ddeef caapj ddeens mootj cuoocj chieens khoocs lieetj, khoong khoan nhuwowngj vaf dai dawngr giuwax mootj nhoms nhor cacs oong trumf taif chinhs – dduwngs ddaauf laf gia toocj Rothschild – vowis cacs theer chees taif chinh kinh tees cuar nhieeuf quoocs gai. Ddos laf mootj cuoocj chieens maf ddoongf tieenf laf sungs ddanj vaf muws sats thuwowgn thaatj ghee gowms.

Nhoms taif phieetj ngaan hangf ngayf ddax taoj ra mootj cow chees kieemr soats nguoonf cung uwngs tieenf tawng truwowngr ddeer rooif chichs noor quar bong bongs kinh tees ddeer thu lowij. Nguoonf taif sanr hoj thu dduwowcj cos theer laf daauf khis, baats ddoongj sanr, neenf coong nghieepj quoocs phongf, ddaats noong nghieepj…Taats car cos theer dduwowcj quy ddooir thanhf vangf hay tieenf mawtj tuyf theo vaanj truf cuar hoj. Keets quar laf sau mooix laanf “xens loong cuwuf” cacs nhaf taif phieetj nayf laij giauf cos hown, uy luwcj cangf ngayf cangf dduwowcj cungr coos hown treent thij truwowngf taif chinhs quoocs tees. “Chieens tranh tieenf teej” giups chungs ta hieeur nhieeuf ddieeuf, rawngf Bill Gates chuwa phair laf nguwowif giauf nhaats hanhf tinh, rawngf tyr leej tuwr vong cuar cacs toongr thoongs Myx laij cao hown tyr leej tuwr traanj cuar binh linhs Myx trong chieens dichj Normandie, vif sao phoos Wall laij maoj hieemr ddoor heets voons lieengs cuar minhf cho vieecj “ddaauf tuw” vaof Hitler. Vieetj Nam vuwaf mowis hooij nhaapj vaof neenf kinh tees thees giowis vaf mawcj duf ddoongf tieenf chuwa dduwowcj chuyeenr ddooir tuwj do, nguoonf voons ddaauf tuw quoocs tees conf hanj chees nhuwng tinhf trangj lamj phats kinh tees, hieenj tuwowngj bong bongs treen thij truwowngf chuwngs khoans vaf thij truwowngf baats ddoongj sanr ddang xuaats hieenj vaf taoj ra tinhf trangj baats oonr trong ddowif soongs xax hooij. Theo uwowcs tinhs, trong vongf maays thangs cuoois nawm 2006 vaf ddaauf nawm 2007 ddax cos towis 10 tyr USD dduwowcj rots vaof thij truwowngf chuwngs khoans, keos theem hown 350 nghinf tyr ddoongf cuar cacs nhaf ddaauf tuw trong nuwowcs nhaapj cuoocj. Khi hai thij truwowngf chuwngs khoans vaf baats ddoongj sanr dduwowcj bowm voons quas lowns taoj ra hieenj tuwowngj bong bongs vaf gaay lamj phats cao, Chinhs phur buoocj phair thuwcj hieenj chinhs sachs thawts chawtj tieenf teej. Vaf ddaay cungx laf lucs cacs tor chuwcs taif chinhs nuwowcs ngoaif thu hooif voons ddaauf tuw khieens thij truwowngf chuwngs khoans mau chongs suy supj vaf thij truwowngf baats ddoongj sanr ddi vaof giai ddoanj ddongs bawng nawngj neef nhaats. Chir tinhs rieeng 40 ngayf cuoois quys 1/2008, thij truwowngf chuwngs khoans maats towis 347 ddieemr, tuwowng dduwowng vowis 100 nghinf tyr ddoongf, nghiax laf binhf quaan mooix ngayf cos 1.000 tyr ddoongf

bay howi. Neeus tinhs theo moocs gias ngayf 12/3/2007 thif nhieeuf coong ty ddax rowts gias 70 – 80%, gaay ra khoanr thua loox hown 300 nghinf tyr ddoongf. Quar thaatj ddaay laf mootj thamr hoaj ddoois vowis cacs nhaf ddaauf tuw. Hieenj tuwowngj nayf mowis xayr ra laanf ddaauf taij Vieetj Nam, tuy nhieen, raats its nguwowif bieets rawngf, kichj banr nayf ddax dduwowcj danf duwngj thanhf coong taij nhieeuf nuwowcs treen thees giowis. Been canhj vieecj phowi bayf nhuwngx aam muwu cuar cacs nhaf taif phieetj theets giowis trong vieecj taoj ra nhuwngx cown “hanj hans hay baox lux” veef tieenf teej ddeer thu lowij, cuoons sach cungx ddeef caapj ddeens suwj phats trieenr cuar cacs ddinhj chees taif chinhs thees giowis nhuwngx ow caaus dduwowcj xaay duwngj nhawmf ddaps uwngs nhu caauf phats trieenr vux baox cuar neenf kinh tees toanf caauf, hoatj ddoongj sanr xuaats kinh doanh hieenj ddaij vaf hoatj ddoongj dichj chuyeenr dongf voons xuyeen quoocs gia laf hai booj phaanj caaus thanhf neenf kinh tees toanf caauf maf baats cuws quoocs gia naof neeus tachs rieeng ra cungx khos longf phats trieenr. Nhuw vaayj vaans ddeef khoong phair laf vaans ddeef cawts dduwts moois quan heej vowis dongf voons quoocs tees voons dduwowcj ddieeuf khieenr bowir cacs taapj ddoanf taif chinhs khoongr loof maf laf lamf thees naof ddeer suwr dungj nguoonf voons ngoaij luwcj mootj cachs cos hieeuj quar trong suwj phoois howpj vowis cacs nguoonf luwcj nooij taij nhawmf taoj ra suwj phoonf vinh cho neenf kinh tees nuwowcs nhaf. Gaaps cuoons sachs laij, cos theer banj ddocj sex cos nhieeuf taam trangj khacs nhau. Ddoois vowis mootj soos nguwowif ddos cos theer laf suwj sowj haix thees luwcj taif chinhs quoocs tees vaf camr giacs baats an veef suwj chi phoois cuar thees luwcj nayf. Vowis soos khacs thif ddos cos theer laf mootj camr giacs thus vij khi khams phas suwj thaatj traanf truij ddeer tuwf ddos cos cachs nhinf nhaanj khacs rawngf xaay duwngj cho minhf nhuwngx kees hoachj ddaauf tuw mootj cachs hieeuj quar nhaats. Vaf duf banj cos lo sowj hay camr thaays tof mof, thus vij thif “Chieens tranh tieenf teefj” cungx laf cuoons sachs ddangs ddocj. Mootj cuoons sachs boor ichs cho cacs chuyeen gia quanr lys taif chinsh, cacs nhaf quanr trij doanh nghieepj, cacs nhaf ddaauf tuw nhor, cacs giaos

vieen giangr dayj veef taif chinhs – ngaan hangf cungx nhuw sinh vieen cacs truwowngf kinh tees. Thacj six Ddinh Thees HieenrGiams ddoocs Vieenj nghieen cuwus Tin hocj vaf kinh tees uwngs dungj.

Phaanf IGIA TOOCJ ROTHSCHILD – CUWOWNGF QUYEENF DUY NHAATS OWR CHAAU AAU

Chir caanf khoong chees dduwowcj quyeenf phats hanhf tieenf teej cuar mootj quoocs gia, tooi sex khoong phuj thuoocj vaof baats cuws phaps luaatj naof do ai ddawtj ra (G. Edward Griffm, Nhuwngx ker ddeens tuwf ddaor Jekyll (1) (The Ceature from Jekyll Island) – American, Media, Westlake Village, CA 2002, tr. 218. ) Mayer RothschildCho ddeens nay, Bill Gages vaanx dduwowcj giowis truyeenf thoong khoong nguwngf ca tungj vaf dduwowcj coi laf nguwowif ddanf oong giauf nhaats hanhf tinh vowis khoois taif sanr khoongr loof. Neeus tin rawngf ddos laf suwj thaatj thif cos nghiax laf banj ddax bij luwaf doois. Bowir vif banj sex chawngr bao giowf timf thaays dduwowcj bongs dangs cuar cacs oong trumf thaawtj suwj giauf cos treen bangr xeeps hangj nhuwngx nguwowif giauf nhaats hanhf tinh nayf, conf giowis truyeenf thoong phuwowng Taay thif ddax bij nhuwngx thees luwcj “voo hinhf” cuar cacs oong trumf kia khoas mieengj. Cho ddeens ngayf nay, gia toocj Rothschild vaanx theo dduooir nganhf ngaa hangf, nhuwng neeus baats chowtj hoir 100 nguwowif daan Bawcs Kinh hay Thuwowngj Hair, banj sex thaays rawngf, cos 99 nguwowif bieets rox veef ngaan hangf Hoa Kyf, trong khi chawngr mootj ai bieets dduwowcj ngaan hangf Rothschild laf ngaan hangf naof. Roots cuoocj, vaayj ai laf Rothschild? Neeus mootj nguwowif lamf vieecj trong nganhf taif chinhs maf chuwa tuwngf nghe ddeens cais teen Rothschild thif chawngr khacs naof mootj nguwowif linhs khoong bieets Napoleon, sinh vieen nganhf vaatj lys khoong bieets ddeens Einstein laf ai vaayj. Cais teen Rothschild heets suwcs xa laj ddoois vowis nguwowif

daan Trung Quocos (cungx nhuw vowis nguwowif Vieetj Nam). Tuy nhieen, gia toocj nayf cos mootj suwcs anhr huwowngr raats lowns ddoois vowis quas khuws, hieenj taij vaf tuwowng lai cuar nguwowif daan Trung Quoocs cungx nhuw nguwowif daan khawps nowi treen thees giowis. Thoong qua suwj ddoois laapj giuwax taamf anhr huwowngr vaf muwcs ddooj nooir tieengs cuar gia toocj Rothschhild ddoois vowis thees giowis hieenj taij, ta cos theer thaays khar nawng giaaus minhf cuar dongf hoj nayf cao sieeu ddeens muwcs naof. Roots cuoocj thif dongf hoj Rothschild cos bao nhieeu taif sanr? Ddaay vaanx laf ddieeuf bis maatj cuar thees giowis. Theo tinhs toans sow booj thif con soos ddos vaof khoangr 500 tyr USD (2)(Morton (1962) chus thichs rawngf, taif sanr cuar gia toocj Rothschild dduwowcj uwowcs tinhs vaof khoangr treen 6 tyr USD vaof nawm 1850. Con soos nayf cos theer khoong cos ys nghiax gif trong thowif ddaij baay giowf, tuy nhieen, hayx thuwr nghix mootj chuts veef gias trij cuar sanr nghieepj ddos sau 156 nawm (tinhs ddeens nawm 2006). Nhuwng, neeus thuwr tinhs 6 tyr USD nayf trong moois quan heej vowis tyr suaats ROI – tyr suaats lowij nhuaanj treen voons ddaauf tuw – vaf thuwowngf dao ddoongj tuwf 4% ddeens 8%) thif chungs ta cos theer thaays dduwowcj rawngf, khoois taif sanr cuar gia toocj Rothschild lowns nhuw thees naof: 7 tyr USD (4%)12.1 tyr USD (5%)53.2 tyr USD (6%)230.2 tyr USD (7%)982. 3 tyr USD (8%)) . Roots cuoocj thir bawngf cachs naof maf dongf hoj Rothschild ddax kieems dduwowcj khoanr taif sanr khoongr loof nhuw vaayj? Ddaay laf caau chuyeenj maf chuwowng nayf sex giaix bayf cungf banj. Suwj kieemr soats chawtj chex trong nooij booj gia toocj, cacs thao tacs ngaams ngaamf trong bongs toois, suwj hieepj ddoongf chinhs xacs nhuw mootj chieecs ddoongf hoof, vieecj thu thaapj tin tuwcs luoon ddi truwowcs thij truwowngf lys tris lanhj lungf tuyeetj ddoois, tham vongj voo hanj ddoois vowis quyeenf luwcj vaf tieenf bacj, suwj nhinf nhaanj thaaus ddaos doois vowis tieenf taif vaf suwj giauf cos cungx nhuw khar nawng duwj ddoans thieen taif ddax giups cho dongf hoj Rothschild xaay

duwngj dduwowcj mootj vuwowng quoocs taif chinhs roongj lowns vaf hungf manhj nhaats trong lichj suwr loai nguwowif, cho duf vuwowng quoocs ddos ddax tuwngf nawmf trong vongf xoays khoocs lieetj vaf tanf baoj cuar taif chinhs, chinhs trij vaf chieens tranh suoots hai trawm nawm qua. 1.Wateloo cuar Naponeon vaf Khair hoanf moon cuar RothschildNathan laf con trai thuws ba vaf cungx laf nguwowif gan daj, thoong minh nhaats trong soos nawm anh em trong gia toocj Rothschild. Nawm 1798, Nathan dduwowcj cha minhf ddieeuf chuyeenr tuwf Frankfurt ddeens Anh ddeer khai phas linhx vuwcj ngaan hangf cuar dongf hoj Rothschild. Nathan laf mootj chuyeen gia ngaan hangf cos longf daj thaam hieemr vaf cachs hanhf xuwr quyeets ddoans, chuwa tuwngf cos ai thuwcj suwj hieeur thees giowis nooij taam cuar oong ta. Do cos taif nawng thieen baamr ddangs kinh ngacj veef taif chinhs cungx nhuw thur ddoanj tinh vi, ddeens nawm 1815, oong ta ddax trowr thanhf mootj trong nhuwngx oong trumf ngaan hangf nooir tieengs taij London.Aschel – nguwowif anh trai cuar oong ta chuyeen lo vieecj ddieeuf hanhf ddaij banr doanh (M. A Rothschild and Son) cuar ngaan hangf gia toocj Rothschild taij Frankfurt, trong khi Solomon nguwowif anh trai thuws hai – ddax xaay duwngj dduwowcj mootj chi nhanhs ngaan hangf khacs cuar dongf hoj nayf owr thanhf Vienna – Aos (S. M Rothschild and Sons), conf Calmann – nguwowif em thuws tuw cuar Nathan – ddax xaay duwngj mootj chi nhanhs khacs owr thanhf phoos Napoli cuar Ys, vaf James – nguwowif em trai thuws nawm – cungx cos mootj ngaan hangf owr Paris. Heej thoongs ngaan hangf do dongf hoj Rothschild xaay duwngj laf taapj ddoanf quoocs tees ddaauf tieen treen thees giowis. Lucs nayf, nawm anh em nhaf Rothschild ddang taapj trung chus ys vaof tinhf hinhf chieens tranh chaau Aau nawm 1815. Ddaay laf mootj cuoocj chieens tranh quan trongj lieen quan ddeeens soos phaanj vaf tieenf ddoof cuar lucj ddiaj chaau Aau. Neeus nhuw Napoleon gianhf dduwowcj thawngs lowij chung cuoocj thif nuwowcs Phaps sex owr vaof vij thees bas chur lucj ddiaj chaau Aau. Conf neeus coong tuwowcs Wellington ddanhs baij quaan Phaps thif nuwowcs Anh sex owr vaof thees caan bawngf chieens luwowcj cuar mootj nuwowcs lowns chur ddaoj cuar chaau lucj nayf.

Ngay tuwf nhuwngx ngayf ddaauf chieens tranh, vowis taamf nhinf xa troong roongj, dongf hoj Rothschild ddax xaay duwngj heej thoongs thu thaapj vaf truyeenf tin tinhf baos chieens luwowcj cho rieeng minhf. Hoj ddax xaay duwngj mootj mangj luwowis nhuwngx nguwowif ddaij dieenj bis maatj, gioongs nhuw nhuwngx gians ddieepj tinhf baos chieens luwowcj. Nhuwngx nguwowif nayf dduwowcj cuwr ddi nawmf vungf owr cacs thur ddoo, cacs thanhf phoos lowns, cacs trung taam giao dichj vaf trung taam thuwowng maij quan trongj owr cacs quoocs gia chaau Aau. Tinhf baos thuwowng maij, chinhs trij cungx nhuw tinhf baos trong cacs linhx vuwcj khacs ddi veef nhuw con thoi giuwax cacs thanhf phoos lowns nhuw London, Paris, Frankfurt, Vienna vaf Napoli. Hieeuj suaats, toocs ddooj vaf ddooj chinhs xacs cuar heej thoongs tinhf baos nayf ddeeuf ddatj ddeens trinhf ddooj khieens nguwowif khacs phair thans phucj, vuwowtj raats xa so vowis toocs ddooj cuar baats kyf mangj luwowis tin tuwcs cuar cacs cow quan nhaf nuwowcs naof, conf cacs ddoois thur canhj tranh thuwowng maij khacs cangf khos maf dduooir kipj hoj. Taats car nhuwngx ddieeuf nayf khieens cho ngaan hangf Rothschild luoon chieems dduwowcj uwu thees vuwowtj trooij trong canhj tranh quoocs tees (3). ( Des Griffm, Trowr veef thowif noo leej (Descent into Slavery) - Emissary Publications, 1980, Chuwowng 5.)“Coox xe cuar cuar ngaan hangf Rothschild ddi bawng bawng treen con dduwowngf quoocs looj cuar cacs vungf ddaats chaau Aau, con thuyeenf ngaan hangf Rothschild lao nhanh qua nhuwngx eo bieenr hepj, nhuwngx tay gians ddieepj cuar ngaan hangf Rothschild tranf ngaapj treen cacs dduwowngf phoos chaau Aau. Gia toocj nayf nawm giuwx mootj luwowngj lowns hieenj kim, coong trais, thuw tins vaf thong tin. Thoong tin ddoocj quyeenf nongs hooir nhaats cuar hoj dduwowcj truyeenf ddi vowis toocs ddooj cuwcj nhanh treen ‘thij truwowngf coor phieeus vaf thij truwowngf hangf hoas. Nhuwng nhuwngx tin tuwcs aays ddeeuf khoong theer so sanhs dduwowcj vowis keets quar cuar chieens dichj Waterloo” (4). (Des Griffm, Trowr veef thowif noo leej (Descent into Slavery) - Emissary Publications, 1980, tr. 94).Ngayf 18/6/1815, traanj Waterloo dduwowcj trieenr khai owr ngoaij oo Brussels – Bir. Ddos khoong chir laf cuoocj quyeets ddaaus sinh tuwr giuwax hai ddoanf hungf binh cuar Napoleon vaf Welington maf conf laf

canh bacj lowns cuar hangf vanj nhaf ddaauf tuw, ker thawngs sex giauf cos voo bieen, conf ker thua sex trawngs tay, maats nghieepj. Khoong khis treen thij truwowngf giao dichj coor phieeus London cawng thawngr ddeens cuwcj ddieemr, taats car moij nguwowif ddeeuf chowf ddowij keets quar cuoois cungf cuar traanj Waterloo trong lo aau. Neeus Anh thaats baij thif gias trais phieeus cuar xuws sowr xuwowng muf sex rowts xuoongs ddays vuwcj; conf neeus thawngs, trais phieeus cuar quoocs gia nayf sex tawng gias nguts trowif xanh.Khi hai ddoanf hungf binh chamj trans nhau trong nhuwngx traanj soongs mais thif cacs gians ddieepj cuar Rothschild cungx khaanr truwowng coos gawngs heets muwcs ddeer thu thaapj cacs thoong tin tinhf baos chinhs xacs veef tinhf hinhf chieens suwj cuar hai been. Nhieeuf ddieepj vieen conf phuj trachs vieecj chuyeenr cacs thoong tin mowis nhaats lieen quan ddeens tinhf hinhf chieens suwj vaf tramj trung chuyeenr tin tinhf baos Rothschild gaanf chieens truwowngf nhaats. Ddeens trangj vangj tois, keets cucj thaats baij caur Napoleon ddax an baif. Mootj nhaan vieen chuyeenr thuw nhanh cuar Rothschild teen laf Rothworth ddax taanj mawts chuwngs kieens tinhf hinhf chieens suwj vaf laapj tuwcs lao leen xe nguwaj chayj vowis toocs ddooj phi max veef huwowngf Bruxells, sau ddos chuyeenr huwowngs veef cangr Oostende. Khi Rothworth nhayr leen chieens thuyeenf Rothschild toocs hanhf vowis giaays thoong hanhf ddawcj bieetj thif trowif ddax raats khuya. Eo bieenr Anh (English Channel) lucs nayf songs to gios lowns, sau khi trar khoanr phis 2000 francs, Rothschild cungx ddax timf dduwowcj mootj thuyr thur chiuj giups minhf vuwowtj eo bieenr nayf ngay trong ddeem (5) ( Eustace Mullins, The Secrets of the Federal Reserve - The London Connection (Bankers Research Institute, 1985), Chuwowng 5.). Ddeens sangs ngayf 19/6, anh ta ddax ddeens dduwowcj bowf been kia, tuwcs laf Folkestone cuar Anh. Ddichs htaan Nathan Rothschild ddax dduwngs ddowij anh ta owr ddos. . Nathan tuwcs toocs xes thuw ra xem, luwowts nhanh qua dongf tits cuar banr tin chieens suwj rooif giucj nguwaj lao thawngr veef phias Sowr Giao dichj chuwngs khoans London. Khi Nathan vuwaf buwowcs chaan vaof Sowr Giao dichj chuwngs khoans, taats car nhuwngx nguwowif ddang chowf ddowij tin chieens tranh trong baauf khoong khis soots ruootj owr ddos laapj tuwcs yeen

lawngj. Moij con mawts ddeeuf ddoor doonf vaof guwowng mawtj ddaayf bis aanr khoong looj chuts camr xucs cuar Nathan. Nathan buwowcs chaamj raix veef phias ghees chur toaj voon dduwowcj xem laf “truj cootj cuar Rothschild”. Lucs nayf, cow mawtj cuar oong ta gaanf nhuw chawngr bieens ddooir chuts naof, troong cuws nhuw laf tuwowngj ddas vaayj. Ddaij sanhr cuar Sowr Giao dichj khi ddos hoanf toanf im phawng phawcs chuws khoong huyeen naos nhuw moij ngayf. Mooix nguwowif ddeeuf ddem taats car suwj giauf sang vinh nhucj cuar minhf kys thacs vaof anhs mawts cuar Nathan. Im lawngj trong giaay lats, Nathan lieecs mawts ra hieeuj cho cacs nhaf ddaauf tuw coor phieeus cuar gia toocj Rothschild ddang dduwngs chowf baeen canhj, moij nguwowif ngay laapj tuwcs uaf veef phias quaayf giao dichj, bawts ddaauf bans ddoor bans thaos trais phieeus Anh. Ddaij sanhr thoangs choocs trowr thanhf mootj khu hoonx loanj. Mootj soos nguwowif bawts ddaauf to nhor vowis nhau, khoong its nguwowif ddowf ddaanx dduwngs mootj choox. Khi ddos, mootj luwowngj trais phieeus cuar Anh trij gias hangf maays trawm nghinf USD trong phuts choocs bij ddaayr thoocs thaos ra thij truwowngf. Gias coong trais bawts ddaauf tuootj doocs, taoj neen mootj cown songs truwowtj gias, cown sau manhj hown cown truwowcs, baos hieeuj suwj supj ddoor hoanf toanf. Lucs nayf, Nathan ngooif duwaj mawtj vaof ghees vowis ver mawtj lanhj tanh. Cuoois cungf, trong ddaij sanhr Sowr Giao dichj cos nguwowif ddax thets leen rawngf “Rothschild ddax bieets rooif!”, “Rothschild ddax bieets rooif!”, “Wellington ddax thaats baij?”. Taats car moij nguwowif ngay laapj tuwcs hoangr loanj nhuw bij ddieenj giaatj. Cuoocj bans thaos trais phieeus cuoois cungf ddax trowr neen hoonx loanj. Trong lucs maats heets lys tris, nguwowif nayf ddax bawts chuwowcs nguwowif kia taoj neen mootj kieeur hanhf vi tuwj phats. Mooix nguwowif ddeeuf muoons bans toongs bans ddoor nhuwngx trais phieeus trong tay voons ddax khoong conf chuts gias trij, coos vowts vats dduwowcj gif hay naays. Sau maays giowf bans ddoor bans thaos nhuw vaayj, trais phieeus cuar Anh ddax chaats ddaayf thanhf ddoongs nhuw ddoongs racs, gias trij meenhj gias coong trais chir conf laij 5% (6) ( Des Griffm, Trowr veef thowif noo leej (Descent into Slavery) - Emissary Publications, 1980, Chuwowng 5.). Nathan lucs nayf vaanx thanr nhieen ngooif quan sats taats car nhuwngx

dieenx bieens xayr ra. Oong ta lieecs nhej anhs mawts veef phias nhaf ddaauf tuw coor phieeus – cais lieecs mawts maf neeus chuwa trari qua huaans luyeenj laau daif thif khoong ai cos theer hieeur dduwowcj. Ngay laapj tuwcs, cacs nhaf ddaauf tuw coor phieeus aapj ddeens cacs quaayf giao dichj, bawts ddaauf muaf vaof bawngf heets coong trais Anh cos treen sanf. 11 giowf ddeem ngayf 21 thangs 6, Henry Percy – nguwowif dduwa tin cuar Coong tuwowcs Wellington – cungx ddax veef ddeens London. Tin cho hay, ddaij quaan cuar Napoleon ddax thaats baij hoanf toanf sau traanj ddanhs suoots 8 giowf, toonr thaats mootj phaanf ba soos quaan, nuwowcs Phaps ddax tieeu rooif!Tin tuwcs nayf ddax chaamj hown car mootj ngayf so vowis tin tinhf baos cuar Nathan! Vaf trong mootj ngayf nayf, Nathan ddax kieems dduwowcj mootj luwowngj tieenf gaaps 20 laanf so vowis toongr soos cuar cair maf Napoleon vaf Wellington cos dduwowcj tuwf maays chucj nawm chieens tranh (7)! (Ignatius Balla, Chuyeenj tinhf cuar gia toocj Rothschilds (The Romance of the Rothschilds) - Everleigh Nash, London, 1913)Towf  New York Times, soos 1/4/1915 ddawng mootj baos caos rawngf, nawm 1914, Baron Nathan Mayer de Rothschild yeeu caauf toaf ans ddinhf xuaats banr cuoons sachs cuar Igatius Balla vif nhuwngx gif maf tacs giar vieets veef thaan phuj oong trong cuoons sachs nayf ddeeuf khoong ddungs vaf booi nhoj danh duwj cuar gia ddinhf oong. Toaf ans phans quyeets rawngf, caau chuyeenj trong cuoons sachs laf ddungs suwj thaatj vaf bacs ddown cuar Baron Nathan Mayer de Rothschild ddoongf thowif ra leenhj cho oong phair chi trar toanf booj chi phis toaf ans). Traanj Waterloo ddax bieens Nathan trowr thanhf chur nowj lowns nhaats cuar chinhs phur Anh ddeer tuwf ddos chi phoois quyeenf phats hanhf coong trais cuar nuwowcs nayf. Coong trais Anh chinhs laf chuwngs tuwf thu thuees cuar chinhs phur trong tuwowng lai, vaf nghiax vuj noopj cacs khoanr thuees cuar nguwowif daan Anh do chinhs phur ddax bieens tuwowngs thanhf vieecj truwng thu thuees vaf ngaan hangf Rothschild ddanhs vaof toanf daan. Cacs khoanr chi tieeu cuar chinhs phur Anh chur yeeus duwaj vaof vieecj phats hanhf coong trais maf cos, hay nois cachs khacs, chinhs phur Anh caanf phair ddi vay tieenf cuar cacs ngaan hangf tuw nhaan ddeer chi tieeu vif khoong cos quyeenf phats hanhf tieenf teej

trong khi conf phair chi trar laix suaats khoangr 8%, vaf toanf booj ddeeuf dduwowcj keets toans bawngf tieenf kim loaij. Khi ddax nawms giuwx coong trais Anh vowis soos luwowngj aps ddaor, treen thuwcj tees Nathan laf nguwowif ddang quyeets ddinhj gias trij cuar coong trais, chi phoois hoanf toanf luwowngj cung uwngs tieenf teej nuwowcs Anh, vaf nhuw vaayj, machj maus kinh tees cuar nuwowcs Anh ddax bij gia toocj Rothschild sieets chawtj. Nathan ddax khoong caanf che ddaayj ver kieeu ngaoj khi chinh phucj dduwowcj ddees quoocs Anh: Tooi chawngr caanf quan taam con roois Anh naof ddang thoongs trij ddees quoocs mawtj trowif khoong bao giowf lawnj nayf. Ai khoongs chees dduwowcj vieecj cung uwngs tieenf teej cuar ddees quoocs Anh thif nguwowif ddos khoongs chees dduwowcj ddees quoocs Anh, maf nguwowif nayf chawngr ai khacs ngoaif tooi (8). (Eustace Mullins. Bis maatj cuar Cucj Duwj truwx lieen bang (The Secrets of the Federal Reserve) - Bankers Research Institute, 1985, Chuwowng 5). 2. Buwowcs khowir nghieepj cuar Rothschild. Mootj sooss nguwowif cos theer hieeur dduwowcj heej thoongs tieenf teej chi phhieeus vaf tieenf teej taanj dungj. Hoawcj laf hoj camr thaays voo cungf huwngs thus vowis nhuwngx khoanr lowij nhuaanj maf heej thoongs nayf taof ra, hoawcj laf heets suwcs yr laij vaof suwj boos this cuar cacs chinhs trij gia. Mawtj khacs, dda soos nguwowif daan khoong ddur tris luwcj ddeer cos theer hieeur dduwowcj uwu thees to lowns dduwowcj sinh ra tuwf heej thoongs nayf. Hoj thuwaf nhaanj suwj aps buwcs maf khoong heef oans thans, thaamj chis khoong chuts nghi ngowf rawngf heej thoongs nayf sex lamf toonr haij ddeens lowij ichs cuar hoj (9). (Anh em nhaf Rothschild trong buwcs thuw guwir vaof nawm 1863 ddeens cacs oong chur ngaan hangf New York ddeer hoox trowj trowj cho Ddaoj luaatj Ngaan hangf quoocs gia). Anh em nhaf Rothschild nawm 1863. Rothschild sinh truwowngr trong thowif ddaij khi maf cuoocj cachs mangj coong nghieepj phats trieenr manhj mex, nganhf taif chinhs phoonf vinh chuwa tuwngf thaays, thuwcj tieenx vaf lys thuyeets taif chinhs mowis mer tuwf Haf Lan vaf Anh lan truyeenf khawps chaau Aau. Cungf vowis suwj ra ddowif cuar ngaan hangf Anh (Bank of England) vaof

nawm 1694, mootj khais nieemj vaf thuwcj tieenx tieenf teej phuwcs tapj hown nhieeuf so vowis quas khuws ddax dduwowcj mootj loatj cacs oong chur ngaan hangf sangs taoj ra. Trong 100 nawm cuar thees kyr 17, khais nieemj vaf hinhf thuwcs tieenf teej ddeeuf cos nhuwngx bieens ddooir saau sawcs. Tuwf nawm 1694 ddeens 1776, khi tacs phaamr “The Wealth of Nations” (Cuar cair cuar cacs quoocs gia) cuar Adam Smith ra ddowif, laanf ddaauf tieen trong lichj suwr nhaan loaij, toongr luwowngj tieenf giaays do cacs ngaan hangf phats hanhf ddax nhieeuf hown toongr luwowngj tieenf kim loaij ddang luwu thoong (10) (Glyn Davis. Lichj suwr tieenf teej tuwf thowif coor ddaij ddeens nay (History of Money From Ancient Times to The Present Day) - University of Wales Press 2002, tr.257, 258.). Maau thuaanx giuwax nhu caauf veef luwu thoong veef tieenf teej tawng ddeens muwcs cuwcj ddaij trong nhuwngx nganhf coong nghieepj mowis trooix daayj nhuw nganhf dduwowngf sawts, khoangs sanr, ddongs tauf, cow khis, deetj may, coong nghieepj quoocs phongf, nawng luwowngj…vaf khar nawng yeeus kems trong luwu thoong tieenf teej cuar cacs ngaan hangf cux ddax ngayf cangf trowr neen gay gawts. Ngaan hangf mowis nooir cuar dongf hoj Rothschild ddax nawms bawts dduwowcj cow hooij lichj suwr nayf. Bawngf vieecj aps dungj nhuwngx phuwowng thuwcs cos lowij nhaats cho minhf, hoj ddax lamf chur toanf dieenj huwowngs ddi lichj suwr cuar linhx vuwcj tieenf teej hieenj ddaij, maf nhuwngx nguwowif khacs thif khoong cos chuts camr giacs naof ddoois vowis vieecj soos phaanj cuar hoj ddang bij chees ddooj nayf quyeets ddinhj. Hai laanf nooij chieens vaf xaos ddoongj treen chinhs truwowngf tuwf nawm 1625 ddax khieens quoocs khoos cuar nuwowcs Anh troongs roongx. Khi leen ngooi owr nuwowcs Anh vaof nawm 1689, William ddeej nhaats ddax phair ddoois mawtj vowis mootj cucj dieenj roois rawms, theem vaof ddos laf cuoocj chieens tranh maf oong ddang tieens hanhf vowis vua Louis 14 cuar Phaps ddax khieens cho William ddeej nhaats phair chayj vayj khawps nowi ddeer vay tieenf ddeens muwcs gaanf nhuw khoong caanf suy tinhs thieetj hown. Lucs nayf, ngaan hangf maf William Paterson lamf thoongs ddoocs ddax ddeef xuaats vowis quoocs vuwowng cuar minhf mootj ys tuwowngr mowis xuaats hieenj tuwf Haf Lan: thanhf laapj mootj ngaan hangf trung uwowng tuw nhaan –

Ngaan hangf Anh, ddeer tieens hanhf luaan chuyeenr tieenf teej cho nhuwngx khoanr chi khoongr loof cuar quoocs vuwowng. Ngaan hangf tuw nhaan nayf ddax caaps khoanr hieenj kim trij gias 1,2 trieeuj bangr Anh cho chinhs phur vaf nos dduwowcj xem nhuw laf “khoanr vay vinhx vieens” (Perpetual Loan) cuar chinhs phur vowis laix suaats hangf nawm laf 8%, phis quanr lys mooix nawm laf 4000 bangr Anh. Nhuw vaayj, nhuw vaayj chir caans toons 100 nghinf banr Anh, chinhs phur ddax cos theer dduwowcj huwowngr khoanr hieenj kim 1,2 trieeuj bangr Anh ngay tuwcs khawcs, ddoongf thowif cos theer khoong caanf hoanf trawr tieenf goocs vinhx vieenx? Dduwowng nhieen, nhuwngx “lowij ichs” maf chinhs phur phair cung caaps cho hoj conf nhieeuf hown nuwax, ddos chinhs laf cho pheps Ngaan hangf Anh ddoocj quyeenf phats hanhf chuwngs chir ngaan hangf dduwowcj quoocs gia thuwaf nhaanj (11) (Eustace Mullins, Bis maatj cuar Cucj Duwj truwx lieen bang (The Secrets of the Federal Reserve) - Bankers Research Institute, 1985, Chuwowng 5). Laau nay ai cungx bieets cais lowij nhaats cuar oong trumf ngaan hangf Goldsmith chinhs laf vieecj phats hanhf chuwngs chir ngaan hangf. Nhuwngx chuwngs chir nayf kyf thuwcj laf suwj bieen nhaanj ddoois vowis tieenf vangf dduwowcj cacs khachs hangf kys guwir taij ngaan hangf Goldsmith. Bowir vif ddem tieenf mawtj theo nguwowif laf ddieeuf baats tieenj cho neen phaanf lowns moij nguwiwf ddax dungf chuwngs chir ngaan hangf ddeer giao dichj, sau ddos thanh toans laij vowis nhau bawngf tieenf vangf tuwowng uwngs thoong qua ngaan hangf Goldsmith. Laau daanf, nguwowif ta camr thaays chawngr caanf thieets phair ddeens ngaan hangf ruts tieenf vangf ra ddeer thanh toans cho nhau lamf gif, vif vaayj, nhuwngx bieen nhaanj nayf sau ddos caanf bieens thanhf tieenf giaays. Cacs nhaf hoachj ddinhj chieens luwowcj thoong minh cuar Goldsmith phats hieenj thaays rawngf, hangf ngayf cos raats its nguwowif ddeens ruts tieenf, cho neen hoj bawts ddaauf ngaams ngaamf dungf mootj soos tieenf nhanf rooix cuar khachs kys guwir ddeer cho nhuwngx nguwowif caanf tieenf vay laays lowif, sau khi nguwowif vay trar heets car voons laanx laix thif nhuwngx chuwngs tuwf vay nayf cungx dduwowcj cacs ngaan hangf cuar Goldsmith bis maatj tieeu huyr maats nhuw chuwa tungf chos chuyeenj gif xayr ra, duf treen thuwcj tees thif

lowij nhuaanj cuws chayr vaof tuis hoj ddeeuf ddawnj. Phamj vi luwu thoong cuar cacs chuwngs chir ngaan hangf Goldsmith cangf roongj, muwcs ddooj chaaps nhaanj cangf cao thif lowij nhuaanj thu veef cangf lowns. Maf phamj vi luwu thoong cungx nhuw muwcs ddooj chaaps nhaanj chuwngs chir ngaan hangf do Ngaan hangf Anh phats hanhf ddeeuf cao hown raats nhieeuf so vowis nhuwngx ngaan hangf khacs, nhuwngx chuwngs chir ngaan hangf dduwowcj quoocs gia coong nhaanj nayf chinhs laf tieenf teej quoocs gia. Luwowngj tieenf mawtj cuar Ngaan hangf Anh dduwowcj thu huts tuwf cacs nguoonf trong xax hooij. Nhuwngx ai ddawtj mua chuwngs chir tuwf 2.000 bangr Anh trowr leen ddeeuf cos theer trowr thanhf uyr vieen Hooij ddoongf quanr trij. Toongr coongj ddax cos 1.330 nguwowif trowr thanhf coor ddoong cuar Ngaan hangf Anh, 14 nguwowif trowr thanhf thanhf vieen thuwowngf truwcj cuar Hooij ddoongf quanr trij, bao goomf car William Pateson (12) (Xem sachs ddax daans.)Nawm 1694, William ddeej nhaats ddax ban hanhf Hieens chuwowng Hoangf gai (Royal Charter) cuar Ngaan hangf Anh, vaf nhuw vaayj, ngaan hangf hieenj ddaij ddaauf tieen ddax ra ddowif. Ys tuwowngr chur ddaoj cuar Ngaan hangf Anh chinhs laf bieens khoanr nowj cuar quoocs vuwowng vaf nhuwngx khoanr nowj rieeng cuar cacs thanhf vieen trong hoangf gia thanhf mons nowj vinhx cuwur cuar quoocs gia, laays thuees cuar toanf daan lamf thees chaaps, vaf tieenf teej quoocs gia dduwowcj Ngaan hangf Anh phats hanhf duwaj treen cow sowr cacs khanr nowj. Cuws nhuw vaayj, quoocs vuwowng cos tieenf ddeer tham chieens hay huwowngr thuj, conf chinhs phur thif cos tieenf ddeer lamf nhuwngx gif minhf thichs lamf, ngaan hangf giair phongs dduwowcj nhuwngx khoanr tieenf lowns cuar cacs khachs hangf ddang khieens hoj ngayf ddeem lo lawngs vaf thu dduwowcj nhuwngx khoanr lowij tuwcs khar quan. Toms laij laf taats car ddeeuf vui ver, chir cos ddieeuf, nhuwngx khoanr thuees cuar nguwowif daan ddax trowr thanhf vaatj thees chaaps. Do ddos dduwowcj mootj coong cuj taif chinhs mowis vaf lowns manhj nhuw vaayj neen soos tieenf booij chi cuar chinhs phur Anh tawng leen chongs mawtj. Tuwf nawm 1670 ddeens nawm 1685, thu nhaapj cuar chinhs phur Anh laf 24,80 trieeuj bangr Anh, tuwf nawm 1685 ddeens nawm 1700,

thu nhaapj cuar chinhs phur ddax tawng leen gaaps ddooi, ddawtj ddeens con soos 55,7 trieeuj bangr Anh, nhuwng vieecj vay tieenf cuar ngaan hangf Anh tuwf ngaan hangf chinhs phur trong khoangr thowif gian 1865 – 1700 ddooij leen hown 17 laanf, tuwf 800 nghinf bangr Anh leen ddeens 13,80 trieeuj bangr Anh (13) (Glyn Davis. Lichsj suwr tieenf teej thowif coor ddaij ddeens nay (History of Money From Ancient Times to The Present Day) - University of Wales Press 2002, tr. 239.)Ddieeuf laj lungf laf, thieets kees nayf ddax cawts dduwts moois quan heej giuwax vieecj phats hanhf tieenf teej quoocs gia vowis khoanr nowj vinhx cuwur cuar quoocs gia. Cho neen, neeus phats hanhf theem luwowngj tieenf teej mowis thif ddieeuf taats yeeus laf phair tawng theem quoocs nowj, conf muoons thanh toans heets quoocs nowj thif ddieeuf ddos cungx ddoongf nghiax vowis vieecj huyr hoaij car ddoongf tieenf quoocs gia. Nhuw vaayj, treen thij truwowngs sex khoong conf tieenf teej ddeer luwu thoong, cho neen chinhs phur cungx maix maix sex khoong theer naof hoanf trar khoanr nowj nayf. Do phair hoanf trar lowij tuwcs vaf ddaps uwngs nhu caauf phats trieenr cuar kinh tees, cho neen ddieeuf taats yeeus laf chinhs phur caanf phair cos nhieeuf tieenf hown ddoor vaof luwu thoong, vaf nhuwngx khoanr tieenf nayf laij caanf phair vay tuwf ngaan hangf maf ra, cho neen quoocs nowj cungx khoong nguwngf tawng leen, vaf toanf booj lowij tuwcs tuwf nhuwngx khoanr nowj nayf ddeeuf chayr vaof tuis ngaan hangf, cos ganhs nawngj laix suaats thif dduwowcj ddoor doonf vaof nghiax vuj ddongs thuees cuar nguwowif daan!Quar thaatj laf tuwf ddos veef sau, chinhs phur Anh cungx chawngr theer naof hoanf trar heets cacs khoanr nowj ddax vay. Ddeens cuoois nawm 2005, khoanr nowj cuar chinhs phur Anh tuwf 1,2 trieeuj bangr Anh nawm 1694 ddax tawng leen thanhf 525,9 tyr bangr Anh, chieems ddeens 42,8% GDP cuar nuwowcs Anh (14). (Cucj Thoongs kee quocs gia Anh (http://www.statistics.uk/CCI/ nugget.asp?ID=277).3. Thungf vangf thuws nhaats cuar RothschildNgayf 23 thangs 2 nawm 1744, Mayer A. Bauer caats tieengs khocs chaof ddowif trong mootj khu taapj trung Do Thais owr Frankfurt. Mosse – cha cuar Mayer – laf mootj thowj bacj chuyeen cho vay laix luwu ddoongj, sinh soongs vaf lamf vieecj owr vungf Ddoong Aau. Sau khi Mayer ra ddowif, Mosse quyeets ddinhj ddinhj cuw taij Frankfurt.

Ngay tuwf nhor, Mayer ddax theer hieenj taif tris baamr sinh ddangs kinh ngacj veef kinh doanh. Cha cuar Mayer ddax doonf raats nhieeuf taam huyeets ddeer ddaauf tuw cho con trai, doocs longf giangr giair cho Mayer mootj cachs heej thoongs nhuwngx kieens thuwcs kinh doanh lieen quan ddeens tieenf teej vaf cho vay. Maays nawm sau, Mosse qua ddowif, lucs nayf Mayer mowis 13 tuooir nhuwng dduwowcj suwj khichs leej cuar nhuwngx nguwowif thaan trong gia ddinhf neen ddax quyeets ddinhj theo ngheef taif chinhs vaf vaf lamf vieecj trong ngaan hangf cuar dongf hoj Heimer goocs Aau owr Hannover (15) (Des Griffm, Trowr veef thowif noo leej (Descent into Slavery) - Emissary Publications, 1980, Chuwowng 5.). Vowis suwj maanx camr vaf suwj caanf cuf phaans ddaaus hown nguwowif, Mayer ddax nhanh chongs nawms bawts dduwowcj cacs kyx nawng chuyeen moon trong nganhf ngaan hangf. Trong suoots 7 nawm rongf rax, Mayer gioongs nhuw mootj mieengs botj bieenr ddax haaps thu vaf tieeu hoas nhuwngx kyf muwu dieeuj kees trong nganhf taif chinhs dduwowcj truyeenf tuwf Anh sang. Nhowf vaof khar nawng lamf vieecj xuaats sawcs cuar minhf, anh dduwowcj ddeef batj trowr thanhf coor ddoong sow caaps. Trong nhuwngx thangs ngayf lamf vieecj owr ngaan hangf, anh ddax lamf quen dduwowcj mootj soos khachs hangf raats cos anhr huwowngr, bao goomf car tuwowngs Stauffer – nguwowif cos vai trof raats quan trongj trong suwj phats trieenr sau nayf cuar anh. Chinhs owr ddaay Mayer ddax ys thuwcs dduwowcj lowij nhuaanj vaf heej soos an toanf khi cho chinhs phur vaf quoocs vuwowng vay tieenf vowis muwcs cao hown raats nhieeuf so vowis vieecj cho vay cas nhaan, bowir vif ddaay khoong chir laf khachs hangf lowns maf conf dduwowcj baor ddamr bowir khoanr thuees cuar chinhs phur. Nhuwngx khais nieemj taif chinhs hoan toanf mowis tuwf nuwowcs Anh nayf ddax khieens cho ddaauf ocs Mayer buwngf sangs hawnr leen. Maays nawm sau, khi ddax trowr thanhf mootj changf thanh nieen khoer manhj, Mayer trowr veef Frankfurt tieeps tucj coong vieecj lamf awn laf cho vay laix cuar cha minhf. Anh conf ddooir hoj cuar minhf thanhf Rothschild (Roth trong tieengs Dduwcs cos nghiax laf mauf ddor, Schild cos nghiax laf daaus moocs). Khi bieets dduowwcj tuwowngs Stauffer cungx trowr veef Frankfurt vaf ddang lamf vieecj trong cung vua

William, Mayer nghix ngay ddeens vieecj phair lowij dungj toots moois quan heej nayf. Tuwowngs Stauffer cungx tor ra raats vui khi gawpj Mayer. Banr thaan tuwowngs Stauffer laf mootj nhaf suwu taapj tieenf cos tieengs, conf vieecj nghieen cuwus linhx vuwcj tieenf teej cuar Mayer cungx ddax cos maays ddowif gia truyeenf, cho neen khi ddamf ddaoj ddeens cacs loaij tieenf coor thif changf trai trer nayf tor ra voo cungf thanhf thaoj khieens cho vij tuwowngs raats haif longf. Mootj vieecj khieens cho tuwowngs Stauffer cangf vui hown – ddos laf Mayer ddax tuwj nguyeenj bans cho vij tuwowngs nayf maays ddoongf tieenf hieems vowis gias chieets khaaus raats cao, vif thees maf oong ddax xem Mayer nhuw mootj nguwowif tri kyr. Suwj kheos leos nayf ddax khieens cho Mayer nhanh chongs thaan quen vowis raats nhieeuf nhaan vaatj cos maus mawtj trong hoangf cung. Mootj hoom, thoong qua suwj giowis thieeuj cuar tuwowngs Stauffer, Mayer dduwowcj vua William tieeps kieens, vaf anh changf nhaanj ra rawngf, vij vua nayf cungx laf mootj nhaf suwu taamf tieenf coor, vaayj laf Mayer laij dungf cachs tuwowng tuwj ddeer laays longf William. Sau nhieeuf laanf dduwowcj Mayer bans cho nhuwngx ddoongf tieenf quys vowis gias rer, vua William tor ra ays nays trong longf, benf hoir xem Mayer cos muoons giups gif khoong. Chowps laays thowif cow nayf, Mayer ddeef xuaats muoons trowr thanhf nguwowif ddaij dieenj chinhs thuwcs cuar hoangf cung, vaf ngay tuwcs khawcs, anh ddax dduwowcj William ddoongf ys. Ngayf 21 thangs 9 nawm 1769, Mayer ddax gawns huy hieeuj hoangf gia leen taams bangr hieeuj cuar minhf, been canhj vieets mootj dongf chuwx vangf: “M.A. Rothschild, nguwowif ddaij dieenj do vua William chir ddinh” (16) (Xem sachs trichs daanx). Mootj thowif gian sau, uy tins cuar Mayer nooir nhuw coonf, coong vieecj lamf awn cungx theo ddos maf ngayf cangf phats ddatj. Trong lichj suwr, banr thaan thais tuwr William dduwowcj meenhj danh laf nguwowif ham tieenf hown mangj soongs, nooir tieengs laf nguwowif cung caaps “quaan ddooij ddanhs thuee” cho quoocs gia khacs ddeer “ginf giuwx hoaf binhf”. Oong cos moois quan heej maatj thieets vowis cacs quan heej hoangf thaats owr nhieeuf quoocs gia chaau Aau, ddawcj bieetj raats thichs lamf awn vowis hoangf gia Anh quoocs. Nhowf cos raats nhieeuf ngoonf lowij hair ngoaij neen nuwowcs Anh thuwowngx xuyeen

phair dungf ddeens quaan ddooij ddeer duy trif vaf baor veej lowij ichs cuar minhf, nhuwng soos luwowngj binh linhs laij khoong ddur trong khi luwowngj tieenf maf nuwowcs Anh xuaats ra laij tuwowng ddoois nhieeuf vaf raats its khi khaats nowj, cho neen, quoocs gia nayf raats howpj row vowis thais tuwr William. Sau nayf, khi cuoocj chieens tranh gianhf ddoocj laapj cuar Myx noor ra, soos luwowngj quaan Dduwcs maf Washington phair ddoois phos conf nhieeuf hown car soos quaan cuar Anh quoocs. Veef sau, thais tuwr William ddax tichs luyx dduwowcj mootj khoanr taif sanr lowns nhaats trong cacs hoangf thaats chaau Aau, uwowcs khoanr 200 trieeuj USD. Cungx vif thees maf nguwowif ddowif goij oong laf “con cas maapj cho vay maus lanhj nhaats chaau Aau” (17) (Frederic Morton, Gia tộc Rothschilds (The Rothschilds) - Fawcett Books 1961), tr. 40.). Sau khi trowr thanhf mootj thanhf vieen duwowis truwowngs cuar thais tuwr William, Mayer taanj taam taanj luwcj xuwr lys toots taats car moij vieecj nayf, vif vaayj raats dduwowcj William tin tuwowngr. Khoong laau sau cuoocj ddaij cachs mangj tuw sanr Phaps bungf noor (1789 – 1799), lamf songs cachs mangj daanf lan roongj sang cacs nuwowcs theo chees ddooj quaan chur laan caanj. Thais tuwr William bawts ddaauf nhaaps nhoomr khoong yeen vaf lo rawngf cuoocj cachs mangj ddang lan daanf ddeens nuwowcs Dduwcs, cacs phaanf tuwr phanr loanj sex cuwowps sachj taif sanr cuar oong. Nguwowcj laij vowis cachs nghix cuar thais tuwr, Mayer laij heets suwcs vui muwngf vowis cuoocj cachs mangj Phaps, bowir vif cuoocj khungr hoangr sex khieens cho luwowngj tieenf bacj cuar oong tawng leen. Khi ngonj luwar cachs mangj lan ddeens thanhf La Max coor kinhs, cawts dduwts dduwowngf trung chuyeenr thuwowng maij cuar Anh, gias hangf hoas nhaapj khaaur tawng votj. Coong vieecj vaanj chuyeenr hangf hoas tuwf Anh sang Dduwcs ddax giups cho Mayer kieems dduwowcj boonj tieenf. Mayer luoon laf nhaan vaatj heets suwcs tichs cuwcj trong khu taapj trung Do Thais. “Mooix toois thuws saus hangf tuaanf, sau khi keets thucs ddowtj hanhf leex owr giaos dduwowngf cuar nguwowif Do Thais, Mayer luoon mowif mootj soos hocj giar Do Thais uyeen bacs nhaats ddeens nhaf minhf tuj hopj. Hoj cungf nhau nhaams nhaps ruwowuj vang vaf thaor luaanj coong vieecj mootj cachs chi tieets tuaanf tuwj hoawcj lamf

mootj soos vieecj maix cho ddeens khuya mowis thooi” (18) (Xem sachs ddax daanx, tr. 31.). Mayer cos caau nois nooir tieengs: “Gia ddinhf caauf nguyeenj cungf nhau sex keets dinhs laij vowis nhau” (19) (Des Griffm, Trowr veef thowif noo leej (Descent into Slavery) - Emissary Publications, 1980, Chuwowng 5), (nguwoiwf Do Thais thuwowngf caauf nguyeenj cungf nhau vaf xem ddos nhuw laf suwj bieeur hieenj cuar tinhf ddoanf keets – ND). Nguwowif ddowif sau khoong theer hieeur dduwowcj suwcs manhj naof cos theer khieens cho nhuwngx nguwowif trong dongf hoj Rothschild laij quyeets taam theo dduooir quyeenf luwcj ddeens nhuw vaayj. Ddeens nawm 1800, dongf hoj Rothschild ddax trowr thanhf mootj trong nhuwngx dongf hoj Do Thais giauf cos nhaats owr ddaats Frankfurt. Trong nawm nayf, Mayer conf nhaanj dduwowcj danh hieeuj “ddaij dieenj hoangf gia ddees chees” do quoocs vuwowng cuar xuws La Max thaanf thanhs trao cho. Danh hieeuj nayf khieens cho oong cos theer ddi laij khawps nowi trong ddaats nuwowcs nayf, dduwowcj mieenx truwf cacs loaij thuees ddanhs vaof nguwowif Do Thais, thaamj chis nhaan vieen trong coong ty cuar oong cos theer mang theo vux khis. Nawm 1803, moois quan heej giuwax Mayer vaf thais tuwr William ngayf cangf maatj thieets hown khieens cho thees luwcj cuar Mayer manhj hown raats nhieeuf so vowis truwowcs. Mootj nguwowif anh hoj cuar thais tuwr William laf quoocs vuwowng Ddan Machj ngor ys muoons vay cuar William mootj khoanr tieenf, nhuwng sowj nguwowif khacs bieets dduwowcj suwj giauf cos cuar minhf neen thais tuwr ddax khoong ddoongf ys. Sau khi bieets dduwowcj vieecj nayf, Mayer cho rawngf ddaay laf mootj cow hooij raats toots, benf dduwa ra mootj phuwowng ans giar quyeets cho thais tuwr: thais tuwr cuws xuaats tieenf, conf Mayer laf nguwowif ra mawtj thuwowng luwowngj vieecj cho vay, laays danh nghiax Rothschild cho quoocs vuwowng Ddan Machj vay, vaf nhuw vaayj, Mayer cos theer trichs phaanf trawm laix suaats. Sau khi suy nghix caanr thaanj, camr thaays ddaay laf mootj phuwowng ans venj car ddooi dduwowngf, vuwaf cos theer cho vay maf laij khoong ddeer looj suwj giauf cos cuar minhf ra cho thieen haj bieets, thais tuwr benf nois vowis Mayer rawngf, vieecj cho quoocs vuwowng vay tieenf quar laf

chuyeenj nawmf mow maf Mayer cungx khos cos theer thaays dduowwcj, vaf vieecj nayf khoong chir dduwowcj baos ddaps veef sau, maf conf laf cow hooij tuyeetj vowif ddeer naang cao danh duwj. Keets quar laf coong vieecj nayf ddax ddem laij cho Mayer thanhf coong raats lowns. Lieenf sau ddos, saus khoanr vay cuar hoangf thaats Ddan Machj dduwowcj giao dichj thanhf coong thoong qua Mayer. Thanh danh cuar Rothschild theo ddos cungx nooir leen nhuw coonf, ddawcj bieetj laf moois quan heej maatj thieets giuwax oong vaf hoangf thaats bawts ddaauf dduwowcj moij nguwowif bieets ddeens owr chaau Aau. Sau khi leen ngooi, Napoleon ddax tuwngf cos ys ddoof muoons looi keos William veef phias minhf, nuwng William laij chaanf chuwf nuwar muoons nuwar khoong vaf khoong dduwa ra dduwowcj luwaj chonj cuar minhf. Vif khoong looi keos dduwowcj William, Napoleon ddax khoong nens dduwowcj buwcj tuwcs vaf tuyeen boos phair quets sachj dongf hoj William ra khoir banr ddoof nhuwngx “nhaan vaatj cos quyeenf luwcj thoongs trijowr chaau Aau”, rooif lieenf ddos dduwa quaan aps sats bieen giowis. Thais tuwr William hoots hoangr troosn sang Ddan Machj luwu vong, vaf truwowcs khi chayj sang nuwowcs ngoaif ddax ddem khoanr hieenj kim trij gias 3 trieeuj USD giao cho Mayer caats giuwx. Chinhs khoanr hieenj kim nayf ddax ddem laij cho Mayer quyeenf luwcj vaf suwj giauf sang chuwa tuwngf cos trong ddowif. Ddos cungx chinhs laf thungf vangf ddaauf tieen giups Mayer khai thoong con dduwowngf ddeens ddees chees taif chinhs cuar oong trong tuwowng lai. Mayer conf cos mootj ys chis manhj mex hown nhieeuf laanf so vowis vieecj thanhf laapj Ngaan hangf Anh. Khi cos dduwowcj khoanr tieenf keechs xuf tuwf tay thais tuwr William, oong laij bawts ddaauf cos ys ddinhj ddieeuf binh khieenr tuwowngs. Nawm nguwowif con cuar oong gioongs nhuw nawm muix teen sawcs bens nhawmf vaof nawm khu vuwcj trung taam cuar chaau Aau. Nguwowif con car Amschel traans giuwx toanf vungf Frankfurt, con thuws Solomon dduwowcj cuar ddeens Vienna khai phas chieens truwowngf mowis, nguwowif thuws ba Nathan dduwowcj phais ddeens Anh ddeer nawms giuwx ddaij cuoocj, nguwowif thuws tuw Calmann dduwowcj cuwr ddeens Napoli cuar Ys ddeer xaay

duwngj cawn cuws ddiaj vaf ddongs vai trof nhuw con thoi truyeenf ddatj thoong tin giuwax cacs anh em, vaf nguwowif con uts laf James thif nawms giuwx nhieemj vuj tacs nghieepj owr Paris. Mootj ddees quoocs taif chinhs chuwa tungf cos trong lichj suwr cuar loaif nguwowif ddax dduwowcj hinhf thanhf. 4. Nathan – chuas teer thanhf phoos taif chinhs London. Hoj laf chuas teer cuar thij truwowngf tieenf teej thees giowis, dduwowng nhieen cungx chinhs laf chuas teer cuar car nhuwngx gif cos treen thees giowis nayf. Treen thuwcj tees, hoj cos car nguoonf thu nhaapj taif chinhs cuar vungf ddaats nam Italy, conf vua vaf booj truwowngr cuar cacs quoocs gia (chaau Aau) ddeeuf phair lawngs nghe hoj (20) (Benjamin Disraeli, Coningsby (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, xuaats banr taij Anh nawm 1844), tr. 224.) Benjamin Disraeli – Thur tuwowngs Anh, nawm 1844.Thanhf phoos taif chinhs London laf mootj khu ddaats chir chieems dieenj tichs 2,6 km2 thuoocj trung taam London. Tuwf thees kyr 18, nowi ddaay laf trung taam taif chinhs cuar nuwowcs Anh vaf thaamj chis laf cuar toanf thees giowis vowis heej thoongs tuw phaps ddoocj laapj gioongs nhuw Vatican, tuwcs laf mootj quoocs gia nhor trong mootj ddaats nuwowcs lowns. Vungf ddaats bes nhor hinhf vieen ddanj nayf taapj trung toanf booj cow caaus taif chinhs chur yeeus cuar thees giowis, taoj ra ddeens 1/6 GDP cuar nuwowcs Anh lucs baays giowf. Ker naof nawms dduwowcj thanhf phoos London nayf cungx sex trowr thanhf chuas teer cuar nuwowcs Anh. Khi Nathan ddeens An, ddungs thowif ddieemr nayf, cuoocj ddoois ddaauf giuwax Anh vaf Phaps ddang dieenx ra gay gawts. Car hai nuwowcs ban hanhf leenhj caams vaanj laanx nhau, vif thees hangf hoas cuar Anh raats cos gias owr chaau Aau. Nathan bawts ddaauf bawts tay vowis nguwowif em cuar minhf owr Phaps – James – ddeer vaanj chuyeenr hangf hoas theo kieeur trao tay tuwf Anh sang Phaps, vaf coong vieecj nayf ddax ddem laij raats nhieeuf tieenf cho hoj. Sau nayf, Nathan lamf quen vowis John Hairris – mootj nhaan vaatj quan trongj trong Booj taif chinhs Anh, vaf thoong qua nguwowif nayf bieets dduwowcj quaan Anh ddang gawpj khoons owr Taay Ban Nha.

Lucs ddos quaan Anh do huaan tuwowcs Wellington chir huy ddax chuaanr bij xong vieecj taans coong Phaps, nhuwng cais thieeus duy nhaats lucs baays giowf laf luwowng thuwcj. Huaan tuwowcs Wellington tuy cos suwj ddamr baor cuar chinhs phur Anh, nhuwng cho duf cos nois khoo botj meps cungx khos thuyeets phucj dduwowcj cacs nhaf ngaan hangf cuar Taay Ban Nha vaf Boof Ddaof Nha chaaps nhaanj chuwngs chir ngaan hangf do oong dduwa ra. Ddaij quaan cuar huaan tuwowcs Wellington ddoif hoir phair cos vangf khaanr caaps (21) (G. Edward Griffm, Nhuwngx ker ddeens tuwf ddaor Jekyll (The Creature from Jekyll Island) - American Media, Westlake Village, CA 2002, tr. 224.). Nathan raats nhanh nhayj vaf quyeets taam kieems mootj mer tuwf vieecj nayf. Oong ddi khawps nowi ddeer hoir nguoonf vangf nhanf rooix. Cungx may lucs ddos cos mootj loo vangf mowis veef tuwf Aans Ddooj do coong ty Ddoong Aans Ddooj vaanj chuyeenr ddeens vaf chuaanr bij ddem ra tieeu thuj. Ddaay laf mootj loo vangf maf chinhs phur Anh muoons ddawtj mua, chir cos ddieeuf hoj conf chaanf chuwf vif gias quas cao, maf muoons chowf gias vangf giamr mowis chiuj mua vaof. Sau khi nawms dduwowcj tinhf hinhf, Nathan benf laapj tuwcs doonf heets 3 trieeuj USD cuar thais tuwr William cungf soos tieenf minhf buoon bans hangf hoas kieems dduwowcj owr Anh ddeer ddawtj mua truwowcs luwowngj vangf trij gias 800 nghinf bangr Anh cuar coong ty Ddoong Aans Ddooj (22) (Frederic Morton, Gia toocj Rothschilds (The Rothschilds) - Fawcett Books 1961), tr. 45.) vaf sau ddos laapj tuwcs naang gias vangf leen. Thaays gias vangf chir tawng maf khoong giamr trong khi tinhf hinhf quaan ddooij owr tieenf tuyeens ngayf cangf nguy caaps neen chinhs phur Anh chir conf cachs laf mua laij vangf tuwf tay cuar Nathan vowis gias cao hown. Phi vuj nayf ddax giups Nathan kieems dduwowcj boonj tieenf. Nhuwng kees lieen hoanf cuar Nathan vaanx chuwa heets. Oong ta laij ddeef xuaats phuwowng ans hooj toongs soos vangf nayf ddeens cho huaan tuwowcs Wellington. Khi ddos Phaps ddang tieens hanhf phong toar dduwowngf booj heets suwcs nghieem ngawtj ddoois vowis Anh, cho neen neeus ddi bawngf dduwowngf nayf thif ruir ro raats lowns, vif thees chinhs phur Anh ddax ddoongf ys trar mootj khoanr tieenf raats lowns ddeer vaanj chuyeenr soos vangf nayf. Sau khi thuwowng thaor xong,

Nathan lieenf baor em trai minhf laf James chir mowis 19 tuooir thoong baos cho chinhs phur Phaps bieets oong muoons vaanj chuyeenr vangf ddeens Phaps sex khieens cho khar nawng taif chinhs cuar Anh suy yeeus ddi raats nhieeuf. Vif cos lowij trong vieecj nayf neen nhaf caamf quyeenf Phaps benf laapj tuwcs leenhj cho canhr sats baor veej docj dduwowngf baatj ddenf xanh cho qua. Cas bieetj, mootj soos vieen quan conf dduwowcj hoois looj vowis nhuwngx khoanr tieenf lowns ddeer che tai bitj mawts vowf nhuw khoong thaays. Vaayj laf soos vangf do nhoms Nathan vaanj chuyeenr treen thuwcj tees nhawmf mucj ddichs nhaanj dduwowcj suwj giups suwcs cuar chinhs phur car hai nuwowcs Anh – Phaps. Vif vaayj, soos vangf nayf ddax dduwowcj nhaapj mootj cachs chinhs thuwcs vaof ngaan hangf Paris. Nathan mootj mawtj tham duwj yeens tieecj chaof ddons cuar chinhs phur nuwowcs Phaps, mootj mawtj phais nguwowif ngaams ngaamf ddem ddooir toanf booj soos vangf nayf thanhf tieenf vangf maf coong tuwowcs Wellington ddang caanf, rooif vaanj chuyeenr ddeens tay quaan Anh owr Taay Ban Nha thoong qua heej thoongs bis maatj cuar gia toocj Rothschild. Cachs xuwr lys “cao tay aans” nayf cuar Nathan thaatj chawngr khacs gif nhuwngx tinhf tieets trong phim Hollywood thowif hieenj ddaij. Mootj nhaan vieen ngoaij giao cuar Bir thuwowngf trus owr Anh ddax nois rawngf: “Suwj anhr huwowngr cuar Rothschild ddoois vowis neenf taif chinhs owr ddaay (London) lowns ddeens muwcs ddangs sowj. Hoj hoanf toanf quyeets ddinhj gias giao dichj ngoaij hoois cuar thanhf phoos taif chinhs London. Vowis tuw cachs laf ngaan hangf, quyeenf luwcj cuar hoj khieens nguwowif ta phair troos mawts. Khi Nathan nooir giaanj thif Ngaan hangf Anh cungx phair run raayr”. Mootj laanf, Nathan caanf mootj towf chi phieeus dduwowcj mowr bowir ngaan hangf Rothschild do anh trai cur minhf laf Amschel guwir ddeens tuwf Frankfurt vowis ddeef nghij ngaan hangf Anh ddooir thanhf hieenj kim. Nhuwng laays lys do laf chir ddooir chi phieeus do minhf phats hanhf, ngaan hangf nayf ddax tuwf choois. Nathan tuwcs giaanj voo cungf. Sangs hoom sau, oong ddax daanx theo chinhs nhaan vieen cuar minhf, ddem theo mootj saaps chi phieeus cuar ngaan hangf Anh ddeens vaf yeeu

caauf ddooir ra vangf, chir trong mootj ngayf ddax khieens luwowngj duwj truwx vangf cuar ngaan hangf Anh giamr xuoongs rox reetj. Ngayf thuws hai, Nathan laij ddem ddeens nhieeuf chi phieeus hown. Mootj quanr lys cao caaps cuar ngaan hangf Anh laapj baapj hoir Nathan conf muoons ddooir trong maays ngayf nuwax, Nathan lanhj lungf trar lowif: “Ngaan hangf Anh tuwf choois nhaanj chi phieeus cuar tooi, tooij gif tooi caanf ddeens nos?” Ngaan hangf Anh laapj tuwcs trieeuj hooif cuoocj hopj khaanr caaps, sau ddos quanr lys cao caaps cuar ngaan hangf Anh ddax phair khachs khis baos cho Nathan bieets rawngf, tuwf nay veef sau, ngaan hangf Anh sex raats haan hanhj dduwowcj quy ddooir taats car nhuwngx chi phieeus do Rothschild phats hanhf. Trong traanj chieens Waterloo, Nathan chir caanf nhaats cuwr ddax ddoatj dduwowcj quyeenf kieemr soats thanhf phoos taif chinhs London, tuwf ddos nawms giuwx machj maus cuar neenf kinh tees Anh. Vaf cungx tuwf ddaay, cacs quyeets ddinhj quan trongj bao goomf quyeenf phats hanhf tieenf teej vaf gias vangf ddeeuf nawmf trong tay chi phoois cuar dongf hoj Rothschild. 5. James chinh phucj Phaps.Mootj khi chinhs phur luyj vaof nguoonf tieenf vangf cuar mootj ngaan hangf, cacs ngaan hangf sex ddongs vai trof nawms giuwx cucj dieenj cuar chinhs phur, bowir vif ker trao tieenf bao giowf cungx cos theer hown ker nhaanj tieenf. Tieenf bacj khoong cos toor quoocs, cacs nhaf hoatj ddoongj trong linhx vuwcj taif chinhs khoong bieets thees naof laf yeeu nuwowcs vaf suwj cao thuwowngj, mucj ddichs duy nhaats cuar hoj laf lamf sao ddeer nhanh chongs cos dduwowcj tieenf lowif (23) (R. Mcnair Wilson, Quaan chur hay Quyeenf luwcj tieenf teej (Monarchy or Money Power) - London: Eyre and Spottiswoode, Ltd., 1933, tr. 68.). Napoleon – nawm 1815. Trong thowif kyf Napoleon chaaps chinhs, James – nguwowif con thuws nawm cuar Rothschild – ddi laij nhuw con thoi giuwax London vaf Paris, xaay duwngj heej thoongs mangj luwowis vaanj chuyeenr hangf hoas cuar Anh. Sau khi giups Wellington vaanj chuyeenr tieenf vangf thanhf coong vaf cuoocj chieens thu mua trais phieeus chinhs phur Anh quoocs keets thucs, James trowr neen nooir tieengs owr Phaps. Oong ddax xaay duwngj

dduwowcj ngaan hangf Paris Rothschild, ddoongf thowif aam thaamf giups ddowx cuoocj cachs mangj owr Taay Ban Nha. Nawm 1817, sau chieens baij owr traanj Waterloo, nuwowcs Phaps ddax maats ddi mootj luwowngj lowns lanhx thoor cos dduwowcj tuwf chieens tranh cuar Napoleon, ddoongf thowif rowi vaof canhr bij bao vaay chinhs trij, neenf kinh tees quoocs daan cungx ngayf cangf tieeu ddieeuf. Chinhs phur cuar Louis 18 chayj vayj khawps nowi ddeer vay tieenf, hy vongj neenf taif chinhs quoocs gia cos theer tuwngf buwowcs oonr ddinhj. Vieecj mootj ngaan hangf cuar Phaps vaf Ngaan hangf Barings cuar Anh nhaanj dduwowcj nhuwngx khoanr xin vay khoongr loof trong khi Ngaan hangf Rothschild vowis tieengs tawm luwngf laayx nhuw vaayj laij rowi vaof thinh lawngj ddax khieens James camr thaays raats soots ruootj. Ddeens nawm 1818, nhuwngx coong trais chinhs phur phats hanhf mootj nawm truwowcs owr Paris vaf nhieeuf khu vuwcj khacs ddeeuf bawts ddaauf tawng gias. Chinhs phur Phaps ddax neems dduwowcj vij ngotj cuar lowij nhuaanj neen muoons vay tieeps cuar hai ngaan hangf kia. Vaf cho duf cos thuwr dungf ddur moij cachs ddi nuwax thif anh em nhaf Rothschild cungx chawngr kieems dduwowcj mootj chuts lowij ichs naof. Thif ra, taangf lowps quys toocj Phaps tuwj cho minhf laf nhuwngx nguwowif cos dongf maus cao quys, conf Rothschild chir laf ker taamf thuwowngf neen khoong muoons lamf awn vowis Rothschild. Mawcj duf giauf nuwts ddoos ddoor vachs, haof hoa raats muwcj, nhuwng James khoong phair laf nguwowif cos ddiaj vij xax hooij cao. Suwj kieeu ngaoj cuar ddams quys toocj Phaps ddax khieens James heets suwcs phaanx nooj. Oong benf bawts tay cungf cacs anh em cuar minhf laapj kees hoachj khoongs chees quys toocj Phaps. Conf ddams quys toocj cao ngaoj nhuwng doots nats cuar Phaps laij ddanhs gias thaaps chieens luwowcj chieens thuaatj nooir baatj trong linhx vuwcj taif chinhs cuar dongf hoj Rothschild. Khar nawng hoachj ddinhj chieens luwowcj cungx nhuw banr linhx kinh doanh cuar hoj voons dduwowcj vis vowis taif chir huy chieens truwowngf cuar Napoleon./ Ngayf 15 thangs 11 nawng 1818, coong trais cuar Phaps truwowcs ddos vaanx ddang tawng gias oonr ddinhj thif ddungf mootj cais laij cos nhuwngx bieens ddoongj thaats thuwowngf. Raats nhanh sau ddos,

nhuwngx coong trais khacs cuar chinhs phur cungx bawts ddaauf chiuj anhr huwowngr, gias car laanf luwowtj truwowtj doocs vowis nhuwngx muwcs ddooj khacs nhau. Cacs nhaf ddaauf tuw treen thij truwowngf bawts ddaauf banf tans xoon xao. Cungf vowis thowif gian, tinhf hinhf chawngr nhuwngx khoong cos chuyeenr bieens toots maf trais laij ngayf cangf cos chieeuf huwowngs teej haij (24) (Des Griffm, Trowr veef thowif noo leej (Descent into Slavery) - Emissary Publications, 1980, Chuwowng 5). Suwj banf tans owr sowr giao dichj ngayf cangf lan roongj ddi khawps nowi, cos nguwowif nois cos theer Napoleon sex leen nawms quyeenf laij, cungx cos nguwowif nois vieecj thu thuees taif chinhs cuar chinhs phur khoong ddur ddeer chi trar lowij tuwcs cho cacs coor ddoong, cos nguwowif conf lo rawngf sex xayr ra cuoocj chieens mowis. Nooij booj hoangf cung cuar vua Louis 18 cungx heets suwcs cawng thawngr. Neeus coong trais vaanx tutj doocs vowis toocs ddooj khoong phanh nhuw vaayj thif chinhs phur sau nayf sex chawngr bieets baaus vius vaof ddaau. Treen guwowng mawtj cuar cacs quys toocj cao ngaoj looj ra ver chans nanr, ai cungx ddeeuf lo lawngs cho tuwowng lai cuar ddaats nuwowcs nayf. Chir cos hai nguwowif dduwngs ngoaif cuoocj vowis ver mawtj bangf quan lanhj lungf. Ddos laf James vaf Calmann. Do ruts ra baif hocj tuwf veets xe ddoor cuar nuwowcs Anh, mootj soos nguwowif ddax bawts ddaauf nghi ngowf rawngf gia toocj Rothschild ddang thao tungs chinhs thij truwowngf coong trais nayf. Tinhf hinhf thuwcj tees chinhs laf vaayj. Bawts ddaauf tuwf thans 10 nawm 1818, dongf hoj Rothschild ddax dungf taif luwcj hungf haauj cuar minhf lamf haauj thuaanx, ngaams ngaamf mua vaof cacs coong trais Phaps treen taats car cacs thij truwowngf lowns owr chaau Aau khieens cho coong trais cuar nuwowcs nayf bawts ddaauf tawng gias. Sau ddos bawts ddaauf tuwf ngayf 5 thangs 11, hoj laij ddoongf loatj bans cacs trais phieeus nayf vowis soos luwowngj lowns ra taats car cacs thij truwowngf chaau Aau, gaay neen suwj hoang mang cuwcj ddooj cho thij truwowngf. Khi chuwngs kieens canhr gias trij coong trais cuar minhf rowi tuwj do xuoongs ddays nhuw vaayj, vua Louis 18 cungx camr ngooi vij cuar minhf ddang lung lay duwx dooij. Lucs nayf, nguwowif ddaij dieenj cuar dongf hoj Rothschild ddax nois vowis vua Louis 18 rawngf, taij sao oong khoong thuwr nhowf ngaan hangf Rothschild cuwus vanx tinhf thees.

Trong tinhf canhr nuwowcs sooi luwar bongr, Luois ddax queen car ddiaj vij cao sang cuar minhf, ddoif cho trieeuj anh em nhaf James ddeens ngay laapj tuwcs. Baauf khooong khis cuar ddieenj Elysee nhowf ddos maf thay ddooir ngay tuwcs khawcs, anh em James bij ddoois xuwr khinh rer truwowcs ddaay giowf ddi ddeens ddaau cungx dduwowcj tung hoo chaof ddons. Vaf quar nhieen, chir vowis mootj cais bungs tay cuar anh em James, thij truwowngf trais phieeus ddax binhf oonr trowr laij, conf hoj thif trowr thanhf trung taam chus ys cuar nuwowcs Phaps. Sau chieens baij veef quaan suwj cuar Phaps, hoj ddax cuwus dduwowcj nuwowcs Phaps tuwf cuoocj khungr hoangr kinh tees? Nhuwngx lowif ca tungj vaf nhuwngx trangf hoa tuwowi khieens anh em James sung suwowngs ngaats ngaay, ngay car quaanf aos hoj cungx trowr thanhf moots thowif thuwowngj khi ddos. Ngaan hangf cuar hoj trowr thanhf nowi nguwowif ta vaof ra giao dichj taaps naapj. Nhowf vaayj maf dongf hoj Rothschild ddax khoongs chees dduwowcj hoanf toanf neenf taif chinhs Phaps. “Taif sanr cuar James Rothschild ddax ddatj ddeens 600 trieeuj francs. Oowr Phaps chir cos taif sanr cuar mootj nguwowif cos theer sanhs vowis oong ta, ddos chinhs laf quoocs vuwowng Phaps vowis khoois taif sanr trij gias 800 trieeuj francs. Taif sanr cuar cacs ngaan hangf taij Phaps coongj laij vaanx thaaps hown 150 trieeuj francs so vowis taif sanr cuar James. Vaf nguoonf taif sanr nayf boongx nhieen ddem laij cho oong quyeenf luwcj cao sieeu khoong theer tar dduwowcj, thaamj chis ddeens muwcs baats cuws lucs naof cungx cos theer khieens cho nooij cacs chinhs phur tan vowx (25). (David Druck, Baron Edmond de Rothschitd (Privately printcd), N.Y. 1850). 6. Salomon thawm AosTrong mawts hoj (gia toocj Rothschild) khoong cos chieens tranh vaf hoaf binhf, khoong cos khaaur hieeuj vaf tuyeen ngoon, cungx khoong cos cheets chocs vaf danh duwj, hoj xem thuwowngf nhuwngx thuws mee hoawcj ddooi mawts cuar nguwowif ddowif nayf. Trong mawts hoj chir cos banf ddapj. Thams tuwr William laf mootj conf nguwowif thuws hai chinhs laf Metternich (26) (Frederic Morton, Gia tộc Rothschilds (The Rothschilds) - Fawcett Books, 1961). Fryderyk Merton.

Salomon laf con trai thuws hai cuar Mayer. Hangf nawm, oong ddi laij nhuw con thoi giuwax cacs thanhf phoos lowns cuar chaau Aau, ddamr nhaanj vai trof ddieeuf phoois giuwax cacs ngaan hangf cuar dongf hoj. Oong laf nguwowif cos taif ngoaij giao vuwowtj trooij trong soos cacs anh em, nois nawng caanr trongj, kheos leos trong vieecj laays longf nguwowif khacs. Mootj nhaan vaatj lamf awn trong linhx vuwcj ngaan hangf tuwngf giao tieeps vowis Salomon ddax nhaanj xets veef oong rawngf “Khoong ai khoong haif longf khi chia tay vowis oong aays”. Chinhs bowir nguyeen nhaan nayf maf cacs anh em trong nhaf ddax cungf cuwr oong ddeens Vienna khai truwowng nghieepj vuj ngaan hangf cuar vungf trung taam chaau Aau. Lucs nayf, Vienna vaanx laf trung taam chinhs trij cuar chaau Aau, haauf nhuw cacs hoangf gia cuar cacs nuwowcs chaau Aau ddeeuf cos moois quan heej daay mow reex mas vowis vuwowng trieeuf Habsburg. Habsburg dduwowcj xem laf vuwowng thaats cuar ddees quoocs La Max thaanf thanhs (giair theer nawm 1806), thoongs trij mootj vungf roongj lowns bao goomf Aos, Dduwcs, bawcs Ys,Thuyj Six, Biliti, Haf Lan, Luxembourg, Tieepj Khawcs, Slovenia vaf car mieenf ddoong nuwowcs Phaps trong suoots hown 400 nawm, laf dongf maus vuwowng thaats chinhs toong coor nhaats chaau Aau. Tuy ddees quoocs La Max thaanf thanhs ddax bij ddanhs baij trong cuoocj chieens Napoleon, nhuwng nguwowif kees thuwaf cuar vuwowng trieeuf Aos laij tor ra kieeu ngaoj vowis vai trof vuwowng trieeuf chinhs thoongs cuar minhf. Theem vaof ddos laf giaos lys Thieen Chuas giaos chinhs thoongs cur vuwowng trieeuf nayf khoong kems phaanf cuwngs rawns so vowis giaos lys mowis ddang thinhj hanhf owr cacs quoocs gia nhuw Anh, Phaps. Vieecj giao luwu vowis mootj gia toocj cao quys nhuw vaayj so ra conf cao hown mootj caaps so vowis moois quan heej giuwax Thais tuwr William. Tuy ddax nhieeuf laanf cos ys muoons thieets laapj quan heej kinh doanh vowis Hubsburg, nhuwng dongf hoj Rothschild luoon nhaanj dduwowcj suwj cuwj tuyeetj cuar vuwowng trieeuf vaf chawngr theer naof buwowcs vaof baacj cuwar cuar ddees chees ddos. Ngay sau khi chieens tranh Napoleon keets thucs, Salomon ddeens gox cuwar ddaij thanhf Vienna. Tuy nhieen, tinhf thees lucs nayf ddax hoanf

toanf ddooir khacs. Dongf hoj Rothschild khi ddos ddax trowr thanhf mootj dongf hoj danh gia vongj toocj owr chaau Aau, vowis nhueej khis dungx manhx ddax chinh phucj dduwowcj car hai neenf taif chinhs Anh vaf Phaps. Duf vaayj song Salomon cungx khoong dams truwcj tieeps banf chuyeenj lamf awn vowis nguwowif cuar Hubsburg maf muoons timf dduwowcj mootj banf ddapj. Vaf banf ddapj nayf chinhs laf Klemens von Metternich ngoaij truwowngr Aos, nhaan vaatj nooir tieengs treen chinhs truwowngf chaau Aau thees kyr 19. Sau chieens baij cuar Napoleon, thanhf phoos Vienna do Metternich xaay duwngj neen ddax duy trif thowif kyf hoaf binhf daif nhaats chaau Aau thees kyr 19. Trong tinhf thees nuwowcs Aos ngayf cangf suy vi conf ker thuf manhj ddang bao vaay tuws phias, Metternich ddax phats huy suwj tinh tuys cuar chees ddooj ddeens muwcs cao nhaats. Oong ddax lowij dungj suwcs manhj hieeuj trieeuj chinhs thoongs cuar hoangf gia Hubsburg conf laij owr chaau Aau ddeer looi keos vaf xaay duwngj moois quan heej ddoongf minh beenf chawtj vowis cacs nuwowcs langs gieengf laf Phoor vaf Nga, vuwaf ngawn chawnj dduwowcj suwj khooi phucj cuar Phaps, laij kieemr soats dduwowcj suwj banhf truwowngs cuar Nga, ddoongf thowif conf hinhf thanhf neen mootj cow chees kieemr soats lieen hoanf ddoois vowis lanf songs chur nghiax daan toocj vaf chur nghiax tuwj do trong nuwowcs, ddamr baor khoong maats kieemr soats thees luwcj cuar cacs phaanf tuwr dda daan toocj trong nuwowcs. Hooij nghij Aix – la – Chapelle nawm 1818 laf mootj hooij nghij quan trongj quyeets ddinhj ddeens tuwowng lai cuar chaau Aau sau cuoocj chieens tranh vowis Napoleon. Cacs ddaij bieeur ddeens tuwf cacs nuwowcs nhuw Anh, Nga, Aos, Phoor, Phaps ddax quyeets ddinhj khoanr booif thuwowngf chieens tranh cuar Phaps vaf vaans ddeef ruts quaan cuar cacs nuwowcs ddoongf minhf. Car Salomon vaf Calmann ddeeuf tham duwj hooij nghij nayf. Chinhs taij hooij nghij nayf, Salomon ddax lamf quen dduwowcj vowis Metternich thoong qua Gentz – mootj thur haj cuar Metternich, vaf raats nhanh chongs trowr thanhf banj taam giao. Mootj mawtj, suwj tans duwowng thaaus tinhf ddatj lys cuar Salomon ddax khieens Metternich mats longf mats daj, mawtj khacs, Metternich cungx muoons duwaj vaof

thees luwcj taif chinhs hungf haauj cuar gia toocj Rothschild. Hai nguwowif tor ra raats hieeur nhau. Moois quan heej giuwax Salomon vaf Gentz cungx ngayf cangf khawng khits hown. Duwaj vaof Metternich vaf suwj tieens cuwr cuar Gentz, theem vaof ddos laf moois quan heej lamf awn maatj thieets giuwax Rothschild vowis thais tuwr William vaf hoangf thaats Ddan Machj, buwcs tuwowngf cao ngaats cuar Habsburg cuoois cungf cungx bij Salomon vuwowtj qua. Cacs khoanr vay vaf ddaauf tuw cuar hoangf thaats cho ngaan hangf cuar Salomon ngayf cangf oonr ddinhj vaf tawng leen, chawngr maays choocs Salomon ddax trowr thanhf “tay trong” cuar hoangf thaats. Nawm 1822, hoangf gia Hubsbugr ddax phong hieeuj Nam tuwowcs cho boons anh em nhaf Rothschild (truwf Nathan). Dduwowcj suwj giups suwcs veef taif chinhs cuar Salomon, Metternich bawts ddaauf mowr roongj suwcs anhr huwowngr cuar Aos, dduwa quaan ddi khawps nowi ddeens cacs ddieemr nongs ddeer “baor veej hoaf binhf”, vif vaayj tieemf luwcj voons ngayf cangf suy kieetj cuar nuwowcs Aos laij bij cacs cuoocj ddieeuf quaan nayf lamf cho thamr haij theem, vaf lex dix nhieen laf ngayf cangf rowi vaof vongf xoays taif chinhs cuar dongf hoj Rothschild. Khoangr thowif gian tuwf nawm 1814 ddeens nawm 1848 owr chaau Aau dduwowcj goij laf thowif ddaij cuar “Metternich”, conf treen thuwcj tees, nguwowif khoongs chees Metternich laij chinhs laf ngaan hangf Rothschild dduwngs sau luwng. Nawm 1822, Metternich, Gentz, Salomon, James vaf Calmann ddax tham duwj hooij nghij Verona quan trongj. Sau hooij nghij nayf, ngaan hangf Rothschild nhaanj dduwowcj mootj khoanr ddaauf tuw vowis lowij nhuaanj raats lowns laf coong trinhf dduwowngf sawts Trung Aau. Lucs nayf, nguwowif Aos ddax ngayf cangf ys thuwcs dduwowcj suwcs anhr huwowngr cuar Rothschild, vaf hoj bawts ddaauf nois dduaf vowis nhau rawngf “Nuwowcs Aos cos mootj hoangf ddees Ferdinand vaf mootj quoocs vuwowng Salomon”. Nawm 1843, Salomon ddax mua Coong ty lieen hieepj khoangs sanr Vitkovice vaf Coong ty luyeenj kym Magyar – hai coong ty nawm trong nhoms 10 coong ty coong nghieepj nawngj lowns nhaats thees giowis lucs baays giowf.

Nawm 1848, Salomon ddax trowr thanhf oong trumf kinh tees vaf taif chinhs cuar Aos. 7. Anhr huwowngr cuar Rothschild ddoois vowis Dduwcs vaf Ys. Keer tuwf khi nguwowif Dduwcs ruts quaan sau chieens dichj Napoleon, Lieen bang Dduwcs ddax hinhf thanhf tuwf hown 30 quoocs gia phong kieens phaan tans trong quas khuws. Amschel nawms dduwowcj vungf Frankfurt vaf dduwowcj baauf lamf Booj truwowngr taif chinhs ddaauf tieen cuar nuwowcs Dduwcs lieen bang, nawm 1822 dduwowcj hoangf ddees cuar Aos phong lamf Nam tuwowcs. Ngaan hangf Rothschild owr Frankfurt trowr thanhf trung taam taif chinhs cuar nuwowcs Dduwcs. Nhuwng vif khoong cos con noois doix, neen Amschel luoon nhieetj tinhf giups ddowx cacs baacj anh taif mowis xuaats hieenj. Trong soos nhuwngx nhaan taif nayf cos mootj anh changf thanh nieen maf oong ddawcj bieetj meens mooj – ddos chinhs laf Ottovon Bismarck, vij teer tuwowngs cos ys chis kieen cuwowngf vaf giauf longf hy sinh cuar nuwowcs Dduwcs vaf laf mootj nhaan vaatj nooir tieengs thees giowis trong lichj suwr hieenj ddaij sau nayf. Tinhf camr giuwax Amschel vaf Bismarck cos cais gif ddos gioongs nhuw tinhf cha con. Vaf sau khi Amschel qua ddowif, Bismarck vaanx duy trif moois quan heej maatj thieets vowis dongf hoj Rothschild. Nhaf ngaan hangf Samuel Bleichroder dduwngs sau luwng Bismarck cungx laf nguwowif ddaij dieenj cho dongf hoj Rothschild (27) (Des Griffm, Trowr veef thowif noo leej (Descent into Slavery) - Emissary Publications, 1980, Chuwowng 5). Calmann laf nguwowif binhf dij nhaats trong soos nawm anh em nhaf Rothschild, ddamr nhaanj vai trof nguwowif dduwa tin chur yeeus trong dongf hoj, chuyeenr tin tuwcs ddeens cacs vungf cuar chaau Aau vaf hieepj ddoongf vowis cacs anh em khacs. Sau khi giups nguwowif em thuws nawm gianhf dduwowcj thawngs lowij vang dooij trong chieens dichj coong trais nawm 1818 cuar Phaps, oong lieenf dduwowcj Nathan cuwr ddeens Napoli cuar Ys ddeer xaay duwngj ngaan hangf. Chinhs owr ddaay oong ddax theer ddeens khar nawng vuwowtj trooij ddeens khos tuwowngr tuwowngj so vowis nhuwngx nguwowif anh em cuar minhf. Calmann khoong nhuwngx giups suwcs cho Klemens Wenzel von Metternich phais quaan ddooij ddeens Ys ddanf aps cachs mangj maf conf

dungf nhuwngx manhs khoes chinhs trij xuaats sawcs buoocj chinhs phur ddiaj phuwowng cuar nuwowcs nayf phair thuwaf nhaanj ddax suwr dungj chi phis cuar quaan ddooij. Oong conf giups Medici laapj kees hoachj vaf thu hooif laij chuwcs Booj truwowngr taif chinhs cuar Napoli. Calmann daanf daanf trowr thanhf truj cootj taif chinhs trong hoangf cung cuar nuwowcs Ys, suwcs anhr huwowngr cuar oong lan toar khawps bans ddaor nuwowcs nayf. Oong thieets laapj moois quan heej giao thuwowng qua laij vowis Vatican. Khi gawpj oogn, giaos hoangf Gregory 16 ddax phas leej giao tieeps cuar Toaf thanhs bawngf cachs dduwa tay ra cho pheps Calmann hoon leen, thay vif dduwa chaan ra cho hoon nhuw lex thuwowgnf. 8. Ddees chees taif chinhs cuar RothschildChir caanf anh em cacs ngaif tuj hopj laij cungf nhau thif treen ddowif chawngr cos mootj ngaan hangf naof caos theer canhj tranh, lamf toonr thuwowng hoawcj kieems lowij owr cacs ngaif. Mootj khi cacs ngaif howpj suwcs vowis nhau thif uy luwcj cuar cacs ngaif sex lowns hown baats cuws ngaan hangf naof treen thees giowis nayf (28) (Lord Rothschild, The Shadow of a Great Man. London: 1982, tr. 6).Lowif cuar Davison nois vowis Nathan, ngayf 24 thans 6 nawm 1814. Truwowcs khi qua ddowif nawm 1812, Rothschild cha ddax ddeer laij di chucs cho nawm nguwowif con:

1. Nhuwngx chuwcs vuj quan trongj trong cacs ngaan hangf cuar dongf hoj phair do cacs thanhf vieen trong dongf hoj nawms giuwx, tuyeetj ddoois khoong ddeer nguwowif ngoaif nawms nhuwngx cuwowng vij nayf. Chir caanf laf ddanf oong trong dongf hoj thif ddeeuf cos theer tham gia vaof hoatj ddoongj thuwowng maij cuar dongf hoj.

2. Vieecj keets hoon chir cos theer dduwowcj tieens hanhf giuwax nhuwngx nguwowif hoj hangf vowis nhau trong dongf hoj, ddeer tranhs tinhf trangj thaats thoats taif sanr ra ngoaif. (Quy ddinhj nayf truwowcs ddaay dduwowcj thuwcj hieenj nghieem tucs, veef sau ddax dduwowcj nowis roongj vowis vieecj cho pheps cacs thanhf vieen trong gia toocj dduwowcj keets hoon vowis cacs dongf hoj khacs goocs Do Thais trong linhx vuwcj ngaan hangf).

3. Tuyeetj ddoois khoong cho pheps coong boos tinhf hinhf taif sanr ra been ngoaif.

4. Truwowngr nam trong mooix gia ddinhf dduowwcj xem laf cacs thur linhx, truwf khi dduwowcj dongf hoj ddoongf ys mowis cos theer dduwowcj chonj con thuws ddeer tieeps quanr. Baats cuws ai vi phamj di chucs nayf, sex maats ddi toanf booj quyeenf thuwaf kees taif sanr (29) (Des Griffm, Trở về thời nô lệ (Descent into Slavery) - Emissary Publications, 1980, Chuwowng 5). Tucj nguwx cos caau: “Thuaanj vowj thuaanj choongf, tats beer Ddoong cungx canj”, Rothschild ddax thoong qua hinhf thuwcs keets hoon trong nooij booj dongf hoj ddeer trieetj ddeer ddeef phongf khar nawng cuar cair thaats thoats ra ngoaif. Trong hown 100 nawm, vieecj keets hoon theo hinhf thuwcs nayf ddax dieenx ra 18 laanf, trong ddos 16 laanf giuwax nhuwngx nguwowif con car voons laf cacs anh chij em hoj vowis nhau. Theo tinhs toans, khoangr nawm 1850, dongf hoj Rothschild ddax tichs luyx toongr soos taif sanr leen ddeens 6 tyr USD, vaf neeus tinhs tyr leej laix suaats 6% thif ddeens ngayf nay, sau hown 150 nawm, taif sanr cuar dongf hoj nayf its nhaats cungx ddax treen 50.000 tyr USD. Mootj quy chees gia toocj haf khawcs, hoatj ddoongj hoanf toanf kins kex, suwj phoois howpj nhipj nhangf chinhs xacs nhuw mootj chieecs ddoongf hoof, nguoonf thoong tin sowms hown thij truwowngf, lys tris lanhj lungf sangs suoots, tham vongj quyeenf luwcj vaf tieenf taif voo hanj, suwj hieeur bieets thaaus ddaos veef tieenf bacj vaf cuar cair cungx nhuw khar nawng duwj ddoans thieen taif ddax giups cho dongf hoj Rothschild xaay duwngj neen mootj ddees chees taif chinhs lowns nhaats trong lichj suwr loaif nguwowif, ngay car khi ddees chees nayf rowi vaof vongf xoays tanf baoj cuar taif chinhs, chieens tranh vaf chinhs trij. Ddeens ddaauf thees kyr 20, toongr soos cuar cair cuar dongf hoj Rothschild khoongs chees ddax bawngf mootj nuwar toongr cuar cair thees giowis lucs baays giowf (30) (Ted Flynn, Hy vongj cuar ker xaaus xa (Hope of the Wicked) - Maxkol Communication, lnc, 2.000, tr. 38.). Soos luwowngj cacs ngaan hangf cuar dongf hoj Rothschild ddax phur khawps cacs thanhf phoos quan trongj cuar chaau Aau. Dongf hoj nayf

cos mootj heej thoongs thu thaapj thoong tin tinhf baos vaf truyeenf tin nhanh chongs cuar rieeng minhf, thaamj chis quys toocj vaf hoangf gia cuar cacs nuwowcs chaau Aau khi muoons truyeenf nhuwngx tin khaanr vaf bis maatj ddeeuf phair thoong qua heej thoongs cuar hoj. Hoj conf laf nhuwngx nguwowif ddaauf tieen sangs laapj neen heej thoongs thanh toans taif chinhs quoocs tees, lowij dungj suwj khoongs chees cuar hoj ddoois vowis thij truwowngf vangf thees giowis ddeer xaay duwngj mootj heej thoongs thanh toans soor sachs vaanj chuyeenr vangf maf khoong caanf ddungf ddeens hieenj vaatj trong heej thoongs ngaan hangf cuar dongf hoj. Treen thees giowis nayf, khoong ai cos theer lys giair saau sawcs hown ys nghiax ddichs thuwcj cuar vangf bawngf dongf hoj Rothschild. Vaof nawm 2004, khi tuyeen boos ruts lui khoir heej thoongs ddinhj gias vangf London, dongf hoj Rothschild ddang ngaamf rowif bor trung taam baox taps taif chinhs chuwa tuwngf cos cuar thees giowis tuwowng lai ddeer ddinhj laij moois quan heej giuwax hoj vowis gias trij cuar vangf. Neenf kinh tees dollar Myx choongf chaats nowj naanf vaf heej thoongs tieenf teej phaps ddinhj cur thees giowis boons phias ruir ro rinhf raapj, cungx nhuw heej thoongs ngoaij hoois thees giowis raats cos theer sex ddoois mawtj vowis mootj ddowtj thanh toans, chir cos cuar cair nhieeuf nawm tichs luyx cuar cacs quoocs gia Ddoong Nam As cos duwj truwx vangf khoong ddangs keer sex bij “phaan phoois laij cho nhuwngx nguwowif thawngs cuoocj trong tuwowng lai”. Quyx ddoois xuwngs sex phats ddoongj coong kichs mootj laanf nuwax, chir cos ddieeuf, laanf nayf ddoois tuwowngj sex khoong phair laf ddoongf bangr Anh hay tieenf teej cuar chaau As, maf laf truj cootj cuar neenf kinh tees thees giowis dollar. Ddoois vowis cacs ngaan hangf, chieens tranh laf mootj thoong tin voo cungf toots lanhf. Bowir cacs sanr phaamr hay cacs thieets bij ddawts tieenf phair khaaus hao daanf daanf trong thowif binhf sex tan thanhf maay khois trong tuwcs khawcs, cacs been tham chieens sex khoong tieecs baats cuws gias naof ddeer ddatj dduwowcj thawngs lowij cuoois cungf, ddeens khi chieens tranh keets thucs, chinhs phur duf laf cuar been thawngs hay been thua ddeeuf luns saau vaof vongf nowj naanf cuar cacs ngaan hangf. Trong khoangr thowif gian 121 nawm keer tuwf khi ngaan hangf Anh thanhf laapj cho ddeens khi chieens tranh Napoleon keets

thucs (1694 – 1815), nuwowcs Anh ddaax cos 56 nawm soongs trong canhr chieens tranh, mootj nuwar thowif gian conf laij dduwowcj tieeu toons cho vieecj chuaanr bij cuoocj chieens kees tieeps sau ddos. Vieecj giaatj daay gaay chieens vaf taif trowj cho chieens tranh phuf howpj vowis lowij ichs cawn banr cuar ngaan hangf, vaf ngaan hangf cuar dongf hoj Rothschild cungx khoong phair laf ngoaij leej. Tuwf cuoocj ddaij cachs mangj Phaps (1789) ddeens chieens tranh thees giowis laanf thuws hai, haauf nhuw ddawngs sau cuoocj chieens tranh caanj ddaij naof cungx ddeeuf thaaps thoangs bongs dangs cuar hoj. Dongf hoj Rothschild hieenj laf chur nowj lowns nhaats cuar cacs quocs gia phats trieenr owr phuwowng Taay. Truwowcs khi qua ddowif, phu nhaan Gutle Schnaper cuar Rothschild cha conf nois rawngf: “Neeus cacs con trai cuar ta khoong thichs cos chieens tranh, thif sex chawngr cos ai conf nhieetj tinhf vowis chieens tranh nuwax”. Ddeens thees kyr thuws 19, quyeenf phats hanhf tieenf teej cuar cacs quoocs gia coong nghieepj chur yeeus owr chaau Aau nhuw Anh, Phaps, Dduwcs, Aos, Ys ddeeuf lotj vaof taamf khoongs chees cuar Rothschild, “Quaan quyeenf thaanf thanhs ddax bij kim quyeenf thaanf thanhs thay thees”. Lucs baays giowf, suwj phoonf vinh thinhj ddatj cuar ddaij lucj ddiaj chaau Myx nawmf been kia bowf Ddaij Taay Duwowng ddax lotj vaof taamf ngawms cuar gia toocj nayf.

Phaanf IICUOOCJ CHIEENS TRAWM NAWM GIUWAX NGAAN HANGF QUOOCS TEES VAF TOONGR THOONGS HOA KYF

Tooi cos hai ker thuf chinhs: quaan ddooij mieenf nam truwowcs mawtj vaf cow chees tieenf teej sau luwng. Trong hai thees luwcj nayf, suwj dde doaj cuar ker dduwngs sau mowis laf nguy hieemr nhaats. Tooi nhinf thaays mootj nguy cow tuwowng lai ddang ddeens gaanf chungs ta, khieens chungs ta lo sowj cho suwj an nguy cuar ddaats nuwowcs. Suwcs

manhj cuar ddoongf tieenf sex tieeps tucj thoongs trij vaf lamf toonr thuwowng ddeens nguwowif daan, vaf ddeens khi nhuwngx ddoongf tieenf cuoois cungf tichs tuj laij trong tay mootj soos ker thif ddaats nuwowcs cuar chungs ta sex bij phas huyr. Hieenj giowf tooi lo lawngs cho tuwowng lai cuar ddaats nuwowcs hown baats cuws lucs naof, thaamj chis conf hown car trong tinhf huoons chieens tranh (1) ( Abraham Lincoln, Thuw guwir Wilham Elkins, 21-11-1864).Lincoln, toongr thoongs thuws 16 cuar Hoa Kyf. Neeus nois lichj suwr Trung Quoocs dduwowcj xoay quanh bowir nhuwngx cuoocj ddaaus tranh quyeenf luwcj chinhs trij, vaf neeus khoong hieeur dduwowcj nhuwngx muwu tinhs trong ddaauf cacs baacj ddees vuwowng thif chungs ta khoong theer hieeur thaaus dduwowcj cais tinh thaanf coots loix cuar lichj suwr Trung Quoocs. Tuwowng tuwj, lichj suwr phuwowng Taay phats trieenr tuwngf buwowcs theo suwj tieens hoas cuar ddoongf tieenf, neeus khoong hieeur dduwowcj cow muwu cuar ddoongf tieenf thif khoong theer nawms dduwowcj nguoonf machj cuar lichj suwr phuwowng Taay. Lichj suwr nuwowcs Myx gawns lieenf vowis suwj can thieepj vaf aam muwu cuar cacs thees luwcj quoocs tees, trong ddos, ddieeuf khieens nguwowif ta sowj nhaats chinhs laf suwj thaam nhaapj vaf aam muwu laatj ddoor cuar cacs thees luwcj taif chinhs quoocs tees ddoois vowis Myx, nhuwng ddaay cungx laf ddieeuf chawngr maays ai bieets ddeens. Vieecj thieets kees vaf xaay duwngj chees ddooj daan chur dduwowcj coi laf hanhf ddoongj nhawmf ngawn canr suwj dde doaj cuar cacs thees luwcj phong kieens chuyeen chees. Owr phuwowng dieenj nayf, nos ddax thu dduwowcj hieeuj quar khar quan, tuy nhieen, banr thaan chees ddooj daan chur laij khong cos dduwowcj suwcs mieenx dichj ddangs tin caayj ddoois vowis nhuwngx maanf beenhj cheets nguwowif mowis dduwowcj sinh ra tuwf quyeenf luwcj cuar ddoongf tieenf. Chees ddooj daan chur mowis boocj looj khar nawng yeeus kems trong vieecj phans ddoans vaf phongf nguwj huwowngs taans coong chur yeeus cuar cacs ngaan hangf quoocs tees ddoois vowis vieecj khoongs chees quyeenf phats hanhf tieenf teej nhawmf chi phoois toanf booj quoocs gia. “Taapj ddoanf lowij nhuaanj ddawcj thuf sieeu tieenf teej” vaf chinhs phur do daan Myx chonj ra trong thowif gian hown mootj trawm nawm

truwowcs cungx nhuw sau cuoocj nooij chieens Bawcs – Nam ddax tieens hanhf nhuwngx cuoocj ddaaus tranh quyeets lieetj nhawmf xaay duwngj mootj ddinhj chees taif cinhs cuar heej thoongs ngaan hangf trung uwowng tuw huwux Myx. Toongr coongj ddax cos taats car 7 toongr thoongs Myx, nhieeuf uyr vieen quoocs hooij khacs ddax bor mangj vif cuoocj chieens giuwax hai thees luwcj nayf. Cacs nhaf suwr hocj Myx ddax chir ra rawngf, tyr leej thuwowng vong cuar cacs toongr thoongs Myx so vowis thowif kyf chieens tranh thees giowis thuws hai conf cao hown nhieeuf so vowis tyr leej thuwowng vong binhf quaan cuar mootj ddoanf thuyr quaan lucj chieens! Cungf vowis vieecj mowr cuwar toanf dieenj neenf taif chinhs cuar Trung Quooc, cacs ngaan hangf quoocs tees sex thaam nhaapj thaam nhaapj saau vaof heej thoongs taif chinhs cuar Trung Quoocs, vaf caau chuyeenj ddax xayr ra cho nuwowcs Myx hoom qua, lieeuj cos tieeps tucj tais dieenx owr Trung Quoocs hoom nay?

1. Vuj ams sats toongr thoongs LincolhToois thuws saus ngayf 14 thangs 4 nawm 1865, toongr thoongs Lincoln ddax cos theer thowr phaof nhej nhomx keer tuwf khi dieenx ra cuoocj nooij chieens keos daoif boons nawm ddaayf tang tocs vowis muoon vanf nguy cow vaf gian khoor. Cuoois cungf, nawm ngayf truwowcs khi nhaanj dduwowcj tin thawngs lowij – tuwowngs Robert Lee thoongs linhx quaan ddooij mieenf Nam ddax ddaauf hangf tuwowngs Grant cuar quaan dooij mieenf Bawcs – vij toongr thoongs ddax camr thaays ddowx cawng thawngr hown. Vaf trong lucs huwngs chis, oong ddax ddeens nhaf hats Ford owr Washington ddeer xem buooir bieeur dieenx. Vaof lucs 10 giowf 15 phuts , lowij dungj lucs khoong cos caanj veej been canhj, mootj ker sats thur ddax lenr towis canhj toongr thoongs, dungf mootj khaaur sungs cowx lowns nhawmf thawngr vaof ddaauf oong maf bops cof. Lincoln bij trungs ddanj ddoor vaatj veef phias truwowcs. Sangs sowms hoom sau, toongr thoongs qua ddowif. Hung thur laf John Wilkes Booth – mootj dieenx vieen cos chuts tieengs tawm khi ddos. Sau khi ams sats xong Lincoln, tay nayf hoangr sowj bor troons. Ngayf 26 thangs 4, hung thur bij bawns cheets treen dduwowngf bor troons. Trong xe nguwaj cuar hung thur, nguwowif ta phats hieenj thaays raats nhieeuf thuw tuwf vieets bawngf

maatj max vaf mootj soos vaatj dungj cas nhaan caur Benjamin – Booj truwowngr Booj chieens tranh cuar chinhs phur mieenf Nam vaf sau nayf laf Booj truwowngr ngoaij giao, mootj nguwowif cos thuwcj quyeenf veef mawtj taif chinhs owr mieenf Nam ddoongf thowif cos moois quan heej raats thaan maatj vowis cacs ddaij gia ngaan hangf owr chaau Aau. Sau ddos, nguwowif nayf ddax ddaof taaur sang Anh. Suwj kieenj Lincoln bij ams sats veef sau ddax dduwowcj lan truyeenf roongj ra vaf nhieeuf nguwowif cho rawngf ddaay laf mootj aam muwu cos quy moo lowns. Nhuwngx nguwowif tham gia trong aam muwu nayf cos theer laf cacs thanhf vieen nooij cacs cuar Lincoln, cacs ngaan hangf owr New York vaf Philadenphia, quan chuwcs cao caaps cuar chinhs phur mieenf Nam, giowis quyeenf luwcj trong nganhf sanr xuaats baos chis vaf cacs phaanf tuwr nooir loanj owr mieenf Bawcs. Thowif ddos cos mootj giar thuyeets lan truyeenf roongj raix rawngf, Booth khoong heef bij gieets cheets, maf laf dduwowcj phongs thichs, conf thi theer dduwowcj mai tangs sau nayf laf nguwowif ddoongf muwu cuar anh ta. Edwin – Stanton – Booj truwowngr chieens tranh nawms giuwx trongj quyeenf khi ddos ddax che giaaus chaan tuwowngs suwj vieecj. Thoatj nghe thif ddaay cos ver laf mootj giar thuyeets hoang dduwowngf. Thees nhuwng, sau khi mootj loatj cacs vawn kieenj bis maatj cuar Booj truwowngr chieens tranh dduwowcj giair max vaof nawm 30 cuar thees kyr 20 thif cacs nhaf suwr hocj ddax phats hieenj ra mootj suwj thaatj ddaayf kinh ngacj veef cais cheets cuar toongr thoongs Lincolh, treen thuwcj tees chawngr khacs gif lowif ddoonf thooir cuar thieen haj. Trong baif vieets “Taij sao Lincoln bij ams sats?”, Otto Eisenschiml – nhaf suwr hocj ddaauf tieen chuyeen nghieen cuwus veef ddeef taif nayf ddax gaay chaans ddoongj cho cacs ddoongf nghieepj treent thees giowis bawngf nhuwngx phats hieenj ddaayf baats ngowf. Sau ddos, Theodore Roscoe ddax cho coong boos keets quar nghieen cuwus cos suwcs anhr huwowngr roongj raix hown nuwax bawngf cachs chir raw rawngf:

“Phaanf lowns cacs nghieen cuwus lichj suwr cuar thees kyr 19 lieen quan ddeens toongr thoongs Lincoln bij ams sats ddeeuf mieeu tar suwj vieecj gioongs nhuw mootj vowr bi kichj ddieenr hinhf cuar nhaf hats

Ford vaayj….Chir cos mootj its nhinf nhaanj suwj vieecj nhuw laf mootj cuoocj muwu sats: Lincoln cheets trong tay mootj teen tooij phamj thoo bir…tooij phamj phair bij truwngf phatj theo phaps luaatj; thuyeets aam muwu ddax bij bops cheets; cuoois cungf Dduwcs vaf Myx ddax gianhf dduwowcj thawngs lowij Lincoln cungx ddax thuoocj veef quas khuws”. Thees nhuwng, vieecj giair thichs suwj kieens ams sats toongr thoongs vuwaf khoong khieens cho nguwowif ta haif longf vuwaf khos khieens cho nguwowif ta khaam phucj. Thuwcj tees cho thaays, teen tooij phamj lieen quan ddeens cais cheets cuar Lincoln vaanx ddang nhownr nhow ngoaif vongf phaps luaatj (2) (G. Edward Griffm, Nhuwngx ker ddeens tuwf ddaor Jekyll (The Creature from Jekyll Island) - American Media, Westlake Village, CA 2002,   tr. 393.). Trong baif vieets “Hanhf ddoongj ngu xuaanr” (This One Mad Act) thuoocj cuoons hooif kys cuar minhf, Izola Forrester – chaus gais cuar teen hung thur – ddax nois rawngf, baf phats hieenj thaays ghi cheps bis maatj “Kyj six rapj xieecs” (Knights of the Golden Cicles) ddax bij chinhs phur coos ys caats vaof trong kho vawn kieenj, ddoongf thowif bij Edwin Stanton xeeps vaof loaij taif lieeuj tuyeetj maatj. Sau khi Lincoln bij ams sats, baats cuws ai cungx khoong dduwowcj tieeps caanj vowis nhuwngx taif lieeuj nayf. Do moois quan heej huyeets thoongs giuwax Izola vaf Booth, hown nuwax, vowis tuw cachs laf mootj nhaf vawn chuyeen nghieepj, cuoois cungf baf ddax trowr thanhf laf nguwowif ddaauf tieen dduwowcj pheps ddocj nhuwngx taif lieeuj nayf. Trong cuoons sachs cuar minhf, baf ddax vieets rawngf: Nhuwngx bao taif lieeuj cux kyx thaanf bis nayf dduwowcj caats giuwx trong mootj kets baor hieemr nawmf trong gocs khuaats giuwax noiw ddawtj di tichs cuar “aam muwu thaamr phans” vaf cawn phongf truwng bayf. Neeus khoong phair laf nawm nawm truwowcs truwowcs khi ddocj nhuwngx tuw lieeuj (owr cawn phongf ddos) maf tooi ddax tinhf cowf nhinf thaays canhj chieecs tur, thif cos theer chawngr bao giowf tooi bieets chungs (taif lieeuj bis maatj) toonf taij. Nhuwngx taif lieeuj owr ddaay cos lieen quan ddeens oong nooij tooi. Tooi bieets oong tuwngf laf thanhf vieen cuar mootj toor chuwcs bis maatj. Toor chuwcs nayf chinhs laf “Kyj six rapj xieecs” do Bickley sangs laapj neen. Tooi cos giuwx mootj taams anhr cuar oong – buwcs anhr oong chupj chung vowis hoj – taats car hoj ddeeuf awn mawcj chinhr teef.

Buwcs anhr nayf dduwowcj phats hieenj trong quyeenr “kinh thanhs” cuar baf nooij tooi. Tooi conf nhows baf tuwngf nois rawngf choong baf (Booth) laf “coong cuj cuar nguwowif khacs (3) (Izola Forrester, Đạo luật ngu xuẩn (This One Mad Act” - Boston: Hale, Cushman & Flint, 1937, tr. 359). “Kysj six rapj xieecs” vaf cacs thees luwcj taif chinhs New York roots cuoocj cos moois quan heej nhuw thees naof? Cos bao nhieeu nguwowif trong chinhs phur cuar Lincoln ddax tham gia vaof aam muwu ams sats Lincoln? Tais sao cacs nghieen cuwus veef cais cheets cuar Lincoln trong suoots thowif gian daif luoon lacj huwowngs nhuw vaayj? Cais cheets cuar Lincoln cungx gioongs vowis cais cheets cuar Kennedy 100 nawm sau ddos, ddeeuf laf suwj phoois howpj mang tinhs toor chuwcs treen quy moo lowns, moij chuwngs cuws ddeeuf bij bitj ddaauf moois, moij suwj ddieeuf tra ddeeuf bij ddanhs lacj huwowngs mootj cachs heej thoongs, chaan tuwowngs cuar suwj vieecj luoon dduwowcj che ddaayj bowir mootj manf suwowng lichj suwr dayf ddawcj. Muoons hieeur dduwowcj ddoongj cow vaf muwu ddoof thuwcj suwj ddanwgf sau vieecj Lincoln bij sats haij, chungs ta caanf phair timf hieeur saau hown nhuwngx cuoocj ddoois ddaauf trong noox luwcj khoongs chees quyeenf phats hanhf tieenf teej cuar quoocs gia nayf suoots quas trinhf laapj quoocs cuar Myx.

2. Quyeenf phats hanhf tieenf teej vaf chieens tranh ddoocj laapj cuar nuwowcs Myx.

Trong cacs cuoons sachs giaos khoa lichj suwr vieets veef nguyeen do cuar cuoocj chieens tranh ddoocj laapj owr Myx cos raats nhieeuf ddieeuf gias trij vuwaf toanf dieenj laij vuwaf truwuf tuwowngj dduwowcj ddem ra phaan tichs vaf trinhf bayf. Nhuwng owr ddaay, chungs ta sex nhinf tuwf mootj gocs ddooj khacs ddeer timf hieeur saau hown boois canhr taif chinhs cungx nhuw vai trof hatj nhaan cuar nos trong cuoocj cachs mangj nayf. Dda soos nguwowif ddeens Myx muwu sinh sowms nhaats chinhs laf nhuwngx cungf daan heets suwcs ngheof khoor. Trong cuoocj hanhf trinhf cuar minhf ddeens vungf ddaats mowis, ngoaif nhuwngx hanhf lys ddown gianr ddem theo, haauf nhuw hoj chanwgr cos taif sanr gif ddangs keer hay tieenf bacj gif. Thowif ddos, owr mieenf Bawcs nuwowcs Myx nguwowif ta vaanx chuwa khams phas ra nhuwngx mor vangf bacj lowns

nhuw sau nayf, cho neen nguoonf tieenf teej luwu thoong treent thij truwowngf cuwcj kyf thieeus hutj. Theem vaof ddos laf tyr leej nhaapj sieeu cuar Anh quoocs ddax khieens cho mootj luwowngj lowns tieenf vangf chayr veef quoocs gia xuws sowr suwowng muf nayf, vaf ddieeuf ddos cangf lamf tawng theem tinhf trangj thaam hutj tieenf luwu thoong (4) (Glyn Davis, Lichsj sur tieenf teej tuwf thowif coor ddaij ddeens nay (History of Money From Ancient Times to The Present Day) - University of Wales Press, 2002, tr. 458). Phaanf lowns hangf hoas vaf dichj vuj do nhuwngx nguwowif di cuw mowis cuar mieenf Bawcs Myx lamf ra tuwf suwj lao ddoongj khoor nhocj ddax khoong theer dduwowcj trao ddooir hieeuj quar do thaam hutj luwowngj tieenf luwu thoong, tuwf ddos ddax gaay canr trowr nghieem trongj ddeens buwowcs phats trieenr cuar neenf kinh tees. Ddeer uwngs phos vowis vaans ddeef nan giair nayf, nguwowif ta buoocj phair suwr dungj cacs loaij tieenf teej thay thees khacs ddeer tieens hanhf mua bans hangf hoas. Chawngr hanj, cacs hangf hoas dduwowcj chaaps nhaanj vowis muwcs ddooj cao nhuw da vaf loong ddoongj vaayj, vor oocs, thuoocs las, gaoj, luas machj, ngoo dduwowcj suwr dungj nhuw mootj loaij tieenf. Chir rieeng owr mieenf Bawcs Carolina, tuwf nawm 1715 ddax cos hown 17 loaij hangf hoas dduwowcj dungf nhuw tieenf teej chinhs thuwcs (Legal Tender), chinhs phur vaf nguwowif daan cos theer dungf nhuwngx hangf hoas nayf ddeer tieens hanhf cacs hoatj ddoongj giao dichj nhuw ddongs thuees, trar nowj, mua bans hangf hoas. Khi ddos taats car nhuwngx loaij tieenf teej thay thees nayf ddeeuf laays ddoongf bangr Anh lamf tieeu chuaanr tinhs toans. Trong hoatj ddoongj thuwcj tees, do gias thanhf, quy cachs, muwcs ddooj chaaps nhaanj vaf tinhs chaats cos theer luwu giuwx laau cacs loaij hangf hoas nayf khacs nhau, neen vieecj ddo luwowngf theo tieeu chuaanr cungx trowr neen khos khawn. Owr muwcs ddooj naof ddos, chungs ddax cuwus vanx dduwowcj tinhf trangj thaam hutj tieenf luwu thoong ddang caaps bachs, nhuwng nos cungx ddax taoj neen tinhf trangj “thawts coor chai” cho suwj phats trieenr cuar neenf kinh tees hangf hoas (5) (Glyn Davis, Lichjj suwr tieenf teej tuwf thowif coor ddaij ddeens nay (History of Money From Ancient Times to The Present Day) - University of Wales Press, 2002, tr. 459).

Suwj thieeus hutj tieenf kim loaij trong thowif gian daif vaf suwj baats tieenj trong vieecj suwr dungj cacs loaij tieenf hieenj vaatj thay thees ddax thucs ddaayr chinhs phur phair thoats ra khoir loois tuw duy truyeenf thoongs ddeer bawts ddaauf mootj thuwr nghieemj hoanf toanf mowis: dungf loaij tieenf giaays cos teen laf Colonial Scrip ddeer in tieenf – loaij tieenf chuaanr dduwocj phaps luaatj quy ddinhj thoongs nhaats. Suwj khacs bieetj lowns nhaats giuwax loaij tieenf giaays nayf so vowis chi phieeus ngaan hangf ddang luwu hanhf owr chaau Aau chinhs laf nos khoong cos baats cuws khoanr hieenj vaatj vangf hay bacj naof baor ddamr maf chir laf mootj loaij tieenf tins dungj chinhs phur. Moij nguwowif trong xax hooij ddeeuf caanf phais ddongs thuees cho chinhs phur, maf chir caanf tieeps nhaanj loaij tieenf giaays nayf nhuw bawngf chuwngs cuar vieecj noopj thuees thif chinhs phur ddax cos ddaayf ddur cacs yeeus toos cow banr ddeer dduwa loaij tieenf giaays nayf vaof luwu thoong treen thij truwowngf. Loaij tieenf mowis nayf quar nhieen ddax thucs ddaayr suwj phats trieenr nhanh chongs cuar neenf kinh tees xax hooij, cacs giao dichj hangf hoas ngayf cangf trowr neen nhoonj nhipj. Lucs nayf, Adam Smith cuar nuwowcs Anh cungx ddax chus ys ddeens suwj thuwr nghieemj tieenf teej mowis nayf cuar chinsh phur thuoocj ddiaj owr Bawcs Myx, vaf oong hieeur khas rox vai trof kichs thichs to lowns ddoois vowis thuwowng maij cuar loaij tieenf giaays nayf, ddawcj bieetj laf ddoois vowis khu vuwcj Bawcs Myx ddang thieeus hutj tieenf kim loaij. Oong cho rawngf: “Vieecj mua bans treen cow sowr tins dungj khieens cho cacs thuwowng gia cos theer ddinhj kyf keets toans soos duw tins dungj giuwax cacs been theo mooix thangs hoawcj mooix nawm, vaf ddieeuf nayf ddax giamr thieeur suwj baats tienj trong giao dichj. Mootj heej thoongs tieenf teej giaays dduowwjc quanr lys toots khoong nhuwngx taoj ra suwj thuaanj tieenj trong suwr dungj maf conf cos theer cos raats nhieeuf uwu thees trong mootj soos tinhf huoongs naof ddos” (6) (Adam Smith, Cuar cair cuar cacs quoocs gia (Wealth of Nation 1776, cuốn IV, Chuwowng 1). Nhuwng mootj loaij tieenf teej khoong cos theer chaaps nhaanj laf ker thuf tuwj nhieen cuar cacs ngaan hangf, bowir vif neeus khoong cos cacs khoanr vay cuar chinhs phur lamf thees chaaps thif chinhs phur cungx

khoong caanf phair vay cacs khoanr tieenf kim loaij voons raats thieeus hutj thowif baays giowf, vaf nhuw vaayj, quar caan lowns nhaats treen tay cuar cacs ngaan hangf trong choocs lats cungx maats ddi uy luwcj. Nawm 1763, Benjamin Franklin vi hanhf ddeens nuwowcs Anh. Khi dduowwcj vij chur tichj cuar Ngaan hangf Anh hoir veef nguyeen nhaan phats trieenr thinhj vuwowngj cuar thuoocj ddiaj owr chaau lucj mowis, Franklin ddax trar lowif rawngf: “Ddieuf nnayf raats ddown gianr. Owr daats thuoocj ddiaj, chungs tooi phats hanhf tieenf teej cuar rieeng minhf goij laf “chuwngs chir thuoocj ddiaj”. Chungs tooi cawn cuws vaof nhuw caauf cuar thuwowng nghieepj vaf coong nghieepj ddeer phats hanhf mootj luwowngj tieenf caan ddoois, nhuw vaayj, sanr phaanr raats deex dangf chuyeenr tuwf tay nguwowif sanr xuaats ddeens tay nguwowif tieeu dungf. Dungf phuwowng thuwcs nayf, chungs tooi taoj ra loaij tieenf giaays cuar rieeng minhf, ddoongf thowif baor ddamr suwcs mua cuar nos, vaf chinhs phur cuar chungs toi khoong caanf phair trar lowij tuwcs cho baats kyf ai” (7) (Charles G. Binderup, Benjamin Franklin ddax bieens nuwowcs Anh thanhf mootj quoocs gia phoonf thinhj nhuw thees naof? (How Benjamin Franklin Made New England Prosperous), 1941).Loaij tieenf nayf taats nhieen sex giups cho thuoocj ddiaj chaau Myx thoats khoir suwj khoongs chees cuar Ngaan hangf Anh. Cacs ngaan hangf Anh tor ra phaanx nooj vaf bawts tay nhau hanhf ddoongj. Duwowis suwj khoongs chees cuar cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf, vaof nawm 1764, Nghij vieenj Anh ddax thoong qua “Ddaoj luaatj tieenf teej” (Currency Act), theo ddos, Nghij vieenj nghieem caams cacs bang trong thuoocj ddiaj chaau Myx in aans vaf phats hanhf tieenf giaays cuar rieeng minhf, ddoongf thowif yeeu caauf chinhs phur cacs nowi nayf phair suwr dungj toanf booj vangf vaf bacj ddeer ddongs nhuwngx khoanr thuees cho chinhs phur Anh. Franklin ddax nhaanj xets mootj cachs ddau ddowns veef haauj quar kinh tees nghieem trongj do ddaoj luaatj nayf mang laij cho cacs bang owr xuws thuoocj ddiaj nhuw sau: “Chir trong mootj nawm, tinhf hinhf (thuoocj ddiaj) ddax hoanf toanf ddaor nguwowcj, thowif kyf phoonf thinhj ddax keets thucs, kinh tees suy thoais nghieem trongj ddeens muwcs tuwf dduwowngf phoos ddeens beens cangr ddeeuf tranf ngaapj nhuwngx ddams nguwowif thaats nghieepj”.

“Neeus nhuw Ngaan hangf Anh khoong tuwowcs ddoatj quyeenf phats hanhf tieenf teej cuar xuws thuoocj ddiaj thif nguwowif daan cuar xuws nayf sex vui ver ddongs cacs khoanr thuees traf vaf cacs sanr phaamr khacs. Ddaoj luaatj nayf ddax gaay neen tinhf trangj thaats nghieepj vaf suwj baats manx. Xuws thuoocj ddiaj khoong theer phats hanhf dduwowcj tieenf teej cuar minhf, tuwf ddos sex khoong theer thoats khoir suwj khoongs chees cuar Vua George III vaf Ngaan hangf thees giowis mootj cachs vinhx vieenx. Vaf nos trowr thanhf nguyeen nhaan chur yeeus gaay ra cuoocj chieens tranh ddoocj laapj owr Myx (9) (Charles G. Binderup, Benjamin Franklin ddax bieens nuwowcs Anh thanhf mootj quoocs gia phoonf thinhj nhuw thees naof? (How Benjamin Franklin Made New England Prosperous), 1941). Nhuwngx nguwowif ddawtj neenf mongs xaay duwngj neen Howpj chungr quoocs Hoa Kyf nhaanj thuwcs dduwowcj suwj khoongs chees cuar Ngaan hangf Anh ddoois vowis neenf chinhs trij Anh cungx nhuw suwj baats coong ddoois vowis nguwowif daan. Nguwowif hoanf thanhf banr “Tuyeen ngoon Ddoocj laapj” Myx nooir tieengs khi chir mowis 33 tuooir chinhs laf Thomas Jefferson – toongr thoongs thuws ba cuar nuwowcs Myx – vowis mootj caau canhr baos nguwowif ddowif rawngf; Neeus cuoois cungf nguwowif daan Myx ddeer cho ngaan hangf tuw nhaan khoongs chees dduwowcj suwj phats hanhf tieenf teej cuar quoocs gia thif nhuwngx ngaan hangf nayf truwowcs heets sex thoong qua vieecj tawng lamj phats tieenf teej, sau ddos thoong qua vieecj thawts chawtj tieenf teej ddeer tuwowcs ddoatj taif sanr cuar nguwowif daan, cho ddeens mootj ngayf, khi con cais cuar hoj thuwcs tinhr, thif hoj ddax maats ddi nhaf cuwar vuwownf tuwowcj cuar minhf vaf mieenf ddaats maf cha oong hoj ddax tuwngf khaanr hoang khai phas (10) (Nawm 1787, quoocs hooij Hoa Kyf hopj ddeer thoong qua vieecj thay thees Ddieeuf khoanr Lieen bang bawngf Hieens phaps). Sau hown 200 nawm khi lawngs nghe caau nois nayf cuar Jefferson dduwowcj phats ngoon vaof nawm 1791, nguwowif ta vaanx khoong khoir kinh ngacj truwowcs suwj chinhs xacs ddeens kinh nguwowif trong nhuwngx lowif nois ddos. Ngayf nay, cacs ngaan hangf tuw nhaan quar nhieen ddax phats hanhf hown 97% luwowngj tieenf cuar Myx, nguwowif daan Myx quar nhieen cungx mawcs nowj ngaan hangf vowis

khoanr tieenf leen towis con soos 44.000 tyr USD. Vaf cos lex, mootj ngayf naof ddos khi tinhr daayj, hoj sex thaays rawngf minhf ddax maats ddi car vuwownf tuwowcj vaf taif sanr, gioongs nhuw nhuwngx gif ddax xayr ra vaof nawm 1929. Khi xem xets kyx lichj suwr vaf tuwowng lai, nhuwngx nguwowif daanx dduwowngf vix ddaij cur Hoa Kyf ddax vieets ra mootj cachs rox rangf trong mucj 8 chuwowng 1 Hieens phaps cuar nuwowcs Myx rawngf: “Quoocs hooij cos quyeenf in vaf quy ddinhj gias trij cuar ddoongf tieenf quoocs gia” (11) (Hieens phaps Myx, ddieeuf 1, khoanr 8).

3. Chieens dichj thuws nhaats cuar Ngaan hangf quoocs tees: Ngaan hangf ddaauf tieen cuar Howpj chungr quoocs Hoa Kyf (1791 – 1811)

Tooi tin chawcs rawngf, suwj dde doaj cuar toor chuwcs ngaan hangf ddoois vowis tuwj do cuar chungs ta conf nghieem trongj hown uy luwcj quaan suwj cuar ker thuf. Hoj ddax taoj ra mootj taangf lowps quys toocj rungr rinhr tieenf bacj vaf coi thuwowngf chinhs phur. Quyeenf phats hanhf tieenf teej phair dduwowcj ddoatj laij tuwf tay ngaan hangf, nos phair thuoocj veef nhuwngx nguwowif chur thuwcj suwj cuar nos – nhaan daan (12) (Thuw guwir Booj truwowngr taif chinhs Albert Gallatin (1802).Thomas Jeffeson 1802. Alexander Hamilton laf mootj nhaan vaatj cos taamf anhr huwowngr quan trongj trong moois quan heej maatj thieets vowis gia toocj Rothschild. Sinh ra taij quaanf ddaor Taay Aans Ddooj thuoocj Anh, Hamilton ddeens Myx vowis teen tuooir, danh tinhs vaf nowi xuaats thaan dduwowcj giaaus kins, sau ddos keets hoon vowis con gais mootj gia ddinhf giauf cos owr New York. Vaf theo nhuwngx bieen lai chuyeenr khoanr conf luwu truwx owr Baor tangf Anh, chungs ta cos theer thaays rawngf, Hamilton ddax tuwngf tieeps nhaanj suwj trowj giups cuar dongf hoj Rothschild (13) ( Allan Hamilton, Ccuoocj ddowif cuar Alexander Hamilton (The Intimate Life of Alexander Hamilton) - Charles Scribner's Song 1910). Nawm 1789, Hamilton ddax dduwowcj toongr thoons Washington boor nhieemj lamf Booj truwowngr thuws nhaats Booj taif chinhs, chiuj trachs nhieemj thuoocj veef heej thoongs ngaan hangf trung uwowng Myx. Nawm 1790,

ddoois mawtj vowis nhuwngx khos khawn kinh tees vaf khungr hoangr nowj naanf sau cuoocj chieens tranh ddoocj laapj, Hamilton kieen quyeets ddeef nghij Quoocs hooij thanhf laapj mootj ngaan hangf trung uwowng tuw nhaan kieeur nhuw Ngaan hangf Anh ddeer phuj trachs hoanf toanf vieecj phats hanhf tieenf teej. Theo laapj luaanj cuar oong ta, vowis truj sowr ddawtj taij Philadenphia, Ngaan hangf trung uwowng tuw nhaan sex cho xaay duwngj chi nhanhs cuar minhf taij cacs nowi, tieenf vaf nguoonf thuees cuar chinhs phur caanf phair ddawtj trong heej thoongs cuar ngaan hangf nayf, ngaan hangf nayf phuj trachs vieecj phats hanhf tieenf teej quoocs gia ddeer thoar manx nhu caauf phats trieenr kinh tees, cho vay vaf thu lowij nhuaanj tuwf chinhs phur Myx. Gias trij cuar ngaan hangf nayf laf 10 trieeuj USD, trong ddos tuw nhaan nawms giuwx 80% coor phaanf, 20 % conf laij thuoocj veef chinhs phur Myx. Coor ddoong baauf ra 20 nguwowif trong soos 25 nguwowif cuar hooij ddoongf quanr trij, 5 nguwowif conf laij do chinhs phur boor nhieemj. Hamilton ddaij dieenj cho lowij ichs cuar giai caaps thoongs trij tinh anh Hoa Kyf. Oong ddax tuwngf chir ra rawngf, “moij xax hooij ddeeuf phaan chia thanhf dda soos vaf thieeur soos. Thieeur soos xuaats thaan tuwf cacs gia ddinhf danh gia vongj toocj, conf dda soos chinhs laf daan dden. Truwowcs nhuwngx roois loanj vaf bieens ddoongj, nhoms dda soos thuwowngf raats its khar nawng dduwa ra dduowwcj duwj suwj phans ddoans vaf quyeets ddinhj chinhs xacs”. Jeffeson ddaij dieenj cho lowij ichs cuar nhaan daan. Ddoois vowis quan ddieemr cuar Hamilton,caau trar lowif cuar oong laf chungs tooi cho rawngf chaan lys sau ddaay laf khoong caanf phair chuwngs minh: “Moij nguwowif sinh ra ddeeuf cos quyeenf binhf ddawngr, taoj hoas cho hoj nhuwngx quyeenf khoong ai cos theer tuwowcs ddoatj dduwowcj, trong nhuwngx quyeenf aays cos quyeenf dduwowcj soongs, quyeenf tuwj do vaf quyeenf muwu caauf hanhj phucs”. Lieen quan ddeens vaans ddeef chees ddooj ngaan hangf trung uwowng tuw nhaan, car hai been ddeeuf chiax muix nhonj coong kichs vaof nhau. Hamilton cho rawngf “neeus nhuw khoong ddem lowij ichs vaf cuar cair cuar nhuwngx cas nhaan cos tieenf trong xax hooij taapj howpj laij vowis nhau thif xax hooij nayf khoong theer thanhf coong” (14) ( Arthur Schlesinger con, Thowif ddaij cuar Jackson (The Age of Jackson) - New

York: Mentor Books, 1945, tr.6-7). Coong trais quoocs gia, neeus khoong phair laf quas nhieeuf, thif cungx phair laf hanhj phucs cuar quoocs gia chungs ta” (15) (Dduwowcj vieets cho Robert Morris vào 30/4/1781).Jefferson phanr phaos rawngf “Suwj dde doaj cuar mootj toor chuwcs ngaan hangf ddoois vowis tuwj do cuar chungs ta conf nghieem trongj hown uy luwcj quaan suwj cuar ker thuf” (16) (Tuyeenr taapj tacs phaamr cuar Thomas Jefferson (New York& Sons 1899), taap X, tr. 31). “Chungs ta vinhx vieenx khoong theer cho pheps giai caaps caamf quyeenf tawng theem nowj treen ddaauf teen coor nhaan daan” (17) (Tacs phaamr cuar Thomas Jefferson (Willey Book Company. 1944), tr. 749).Thangs 12 nawm 1791, khi dduwowcj giao cho Quoocs hooij thaor luaanj, ngay laapj tuwcs phuwowng ans cuar Hamilton ddax daanx ddeens suwj tranh luaanj gay gawts chuwa tuwngf cos. Cuoois cungf, phuwowng ans nayf ddax dduwowcj thuwowngj nghij vieenj thoong qua vowis dda soos phieeus thuaanj, vaf nos cungx vuwowtj qua air haj nghij vieenj vowis soos phieeus 20/39. Lucs nayf, toongr thoongs Washington ddang owr trong tinhf trangj phair xuwr lys khungr hoangr nowj nghieem trongj vaf ddax bij ddaayr vaof thees phaan vaan cuwcj ddooj. Oong ddax hoir ys kieens Jefferson vaf Madison – Booj truwowngr ngoaij giao cuar Hoa Kyf thowif ddos. Nhuwngx nguwowif nayf ddaax chir rox rawngf rawngf, ddeef ans nayf xung ddootj vowis hieens phaps. Hieens phaps trao quyeenf cho Quoocs hooij phats hanhf tieenf teej. Hieenr nhieen, nhuwngx phaan tichs nayf ddax tacs ddoongj manhj towis toongr thoongs ddeens nooix oong ddax quyeets ddinhj phur nhaanj phaps leenhj nayf ddeens cungf. Sau khi bieets dduwowcj tin tuwcs, vowis cuwowng vij Booj truwowngr taif chinhs, Hamilton laapj tuwcs thuyeets phucj Washinton rawngf, neeus khoong thanhf laapj ngaan hangf trung uwowng ddeer nhaanj suwj ddaauf tuw cuar nuwowcs ngoaif ddoor vaof thif chinhs phur sex supj ddoor raats nhanh. Cuoois cungf, nhuwngx nguy cow truwowcs mawt ddax aps ddaor nhuwngx suy nghix laau daif cho tuwowng laij. Ngayf 25 thangs 2 nawm 1792, toongr thoongs Washington ddax ddawtj buts kys trao quyeenf thanhf laapj Ngaan hangf trung uwowng thuws nhaats cuar Myx vowis

thowif gian hieeuj luwcj trong 20 nawm (18) (Glyn Davis, Lichj suwr tieenf teej tuwf thowif coor ddaij ddeens nay (History of Money From Ancient Times to The Present Day) - University of Wales Press, 2002, tr. 474). Cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf quoocs tees cuoois cungf ddax gianhf dduwowcj thawngs lowij quan trongj. Ddeens nawm 1811, tuw banr ngoaij quoocs ddax chieems dduwowcj 7 trieeuj trong soos 10 trieeuj coor phaanf goocs, Ngaan hangf Anh vaf Nathan Rothschild trowr thanhf coor ddoong chur yeeus cuar Ngaan hangf trung uwowng Myx – Ngaan hangf thuws nhaats cuar Howpj chungr quoocs Hoa Kyf (The First Bank of the United States)(19) (Glyn Davis, Lichj suwr tieenf teej tuwf thowif coor ddaij ddeens nay (History of Money From Ancient Times to The Present Day) - University of Wales Press, 2002, tr. 475).Hamilton cuoois cungf trowr neen voo cungf giauf cos. Sau nayf, Ngaan hangf thuws nhaats sats nhaapj vowis coong ty Manhattan New York do Lan Bow thanhf laapj ddeer trowr thanhf Ngaan hangf thuws nhaats cuar phoos Wall. Nawm 1955, nos dduwowcj sats nhaapj vowis Chase Bank cuar Rockerfeller vaf trowr thanhf ngaan hangf Chase Manhattan Bank. Vieecj chinhs phur tor rox khats vongj cuwcj ddooj ddoois vowis tieenf taif hoanf toanf phuf howpj vowis mong ddowij cuar ngaan hangf trung uwowng tuw nhaan – ngaan hangf ddang nongs longf troong chowf chinhs phur vay now. Chir trong vongf nawm nawm ngawns nguri keer tuwf khi ngaan hangf trung uwowng thanhf laapj (1791 -1798, Jeffeson ddax nois mootj cachs ddaayf nuoois tieecs rawngf: “Tooi thaatjsuwj hiy vongj chungs ta cos theer suwar chuwax, chinhr suwar theem cho banr hieens phaps, loaij bor quyeenf vay nowj cuar chinhs phur” (20) (Thomas Jefferson, Thuw guwir John Taylor, 26-11-1798; in laij trong Tuyeenr taapj tacs phaamr cuar Thomas Jefferson, taapj 10).Sau khi trungs cuwr toongr thoongs khoas thuws 3 (1801 – 1809), Jefferson ddax noox luwcj khoong nguwngf hongf phees bor Ngaan hangf thuws nhaats cuar Myx, vaf ddeens khi hoatj ddoongj cuar ngaan hangf sawps manx hanj vaof nawm 1811 thif maau thuaanx giuwax thuwowngj nghij vieenj vaf haj nghij vieenj cungx ddax leen ddeens muwcs cuwcj ddieemr. Haj nghij vieenj ddax phur quyeets ddeef ans keos daif thowif

hanj kinh doanh cuar ngaan hangf vowis 65 phieeus thuaanj vaf 64 phieeus choongs, conf thuwowngj nghij vieenj thif owr thees giawngf co 17/17. Laanf nayf, phos toongr thoongs ddax phas vowx thees bees tawcs bawngf mootj phieeus phur quyeets quan trongj vaf mootj quyeets ddinhj dduowcj thoong qua ngayf 3 thangs 3 nawm 1811, theo ddos, Ngaan hangf thuws nhaats cuar Myx phair ddongs cuwar (21) (Glyn Davis, Lichj suwr tieenf teej tuwf thowif coor ddaij ddeens nay (History of Money From Ancient Times to The Present Day) - University of Wales Press, 2002, tr. 476). Lucs nayf, Nathan Rothschild ddang traans giuwx London, khi hay tin ddax nooir giaanj looi ddinhf. Oong ta dde doaj rawngf: “Hoawcj laf ngaan hangf (ngaan hangf thuws nhaats Myx) dduwowcj quyeenf keos daif thowif hanj kinh doanh, hoawcj laf nuwowcs Myx sex phair ddoosi mawtj vowis mootj cuoocj chieens tranh taij hoaj nhaats”. Nhuwng ddaps laij lowif thachs thuwcs aays cuar Nathan, chinhs phur Myx vaanx khoong heef dduwa ra baats cuws hanhf ddoongj naof. Nathan laapj tuwcs ddaps trar: “Hayx dayj cho nhuwngx nguwowif Myx voo lys nayf mootj baif hocj, hayx dduwa chungs trowr veef thowif kyf thuoocj ddiaj”. Keets qua laf maays thangs sau, cuoocj chieens tranh nawm 1812 giuwax Anh vaf Myx noor ra. Cuoocj chieens ddax keos daif suoots ba nawm, vaf mucj ddichs cuar Rothschild laf heets suwcs rox rangf. Dongf hoj nayf phair ddanhs cho ddeens khi nhuwngx khoanr nowj cuar chinhs phur Myx chaats cao nhuw nuis, vaf chinhs phur Myx roots cuoocj khoong theer khoong ddaauf hangf, phair nhuwowngj booj ddeer gia toocj nayf dduwowcj tieeps tucj chi phoois ngaan hangf trung uwowng. Keets quar laf khoanr nowj cuar chinhs phur Myx ddax tawng votj tuwf 45 trieeuj USD leen ddeens 127 trieeuj USD, ddeer rooif cuoois cungf, vaof nawm 1815, chinhs phur Myx cungx ddax phair chiuj khuaats phucj. Ngayf 5 thans 12 nawm 1815, toongr thoongs Madison ddax ddeef xuaats vieecj thanhf laapj Ngaan hangf trung uwowng thuws hai. Keets quar laf Ngaan hangf Hoa Kyf (The Bank of the United States) ddax dduwowcj khai sinh vaof nawm 1816 (1816 - 1832).

4. Suwj trowr laij cuar ngaan hangf quoocs tees (1816 – 1832)Suwj chi phoois cuar cacs cow caaus ngaan hangf ddoois vowis ys thuwcs nhaan daan taats yeeus sex bij phas vowix, neeus khoong thif suwj chi

phoois nayf sex phas vowx ddaats nuwowcs chungs ta (22) (Thomas Jeffcrson. Thuw guwir Jamcs Monroe, 1/1/1815). Thuw cuar Jefferson guwir Monroe (Toongr thoongs thuws 5 cuar Hoa Kyf ) nawm 1815. Ngaan hangf thuws hai cuar Myx dduwowcj caaps pheps kinh doanh tuwf nhuwngx nawm 20 vowis toongr soos voons leen ddeens 35 trieeuj USD, trong ddos 80 % voons do tuw nhaan chieems giuwx, 20 % voons conf laij thuoocj veef chinhs phur (23) (Glyn Davis, Lichj suwr tieenf teej tuwf thowif coor ddaij ddeens nay (History of Money From Ancient Times to The Present Day) - University of Wales Press, 2002, tr. 476). Vaf cungx gioongs nhuw cow caaus Ngaan hangf thuws nhaats, Rothschild laf nguwowif nawms giuwx quyeenf luwcj cuar ngaan hangf thuws hai. Nawm 1828, Andrew Jackson tham gia tranh cuwr toongr thoongs. Trong mootj laanf phats bieeur truwowcs cacs ngaan hangf, oong ddax khoong ngaanf ngaij maf nois rawngf: “Cacs ngaif laf mootj lux rawns ddoocj. Nhaan danh Chuas, nhaats ddinhj tooi sex quets sachj cacs ngaif. Neeus nhuw nguwowif daan bieets dduwowcj suwj khuaats taats trong heej thoongs tieenf teej vaf heej thoongs ngaan hangf cuar chungs tooi thif ngay truwowcs sangs ngay mai sex noor ra cuoocj cachs mangj”. Khi dduwowcj baauf lamf toongr thoongs nawm 1828, Andrew Jackson quyeets taam phees bor ngaan hangf thuws hai. Oong chir ra rawngf: “Neeus Quoocs hooij dduwowcj hieens phaps trao quyeenf phats hanhf tieenf teej, hayx ddeer cho Quoocs hooij thuwcj thi quyeenf cuar minhf vaf khoong dduwowcj ddeer quyeenf ddos rowi vaof tay baats cuws cas nhaan hay coong ty naof”. Trong toongr soos 11.000 nhaan vieen ddang lamf vieecj cho chinhs phur lieen bang, oong ddax cho sa thair hown 2.000 nhaan vieen cos lieen quan ddeens ngaan hangf. Nawm 1832, Jackson tham gia tranh cuwr nhieemj kyf thuws hai. Neeus oong thawngs cuwr, thif thowif gian hoatj ddongj cuar ngaan hangf thuws hai sex keets thucs trong nhieemj kyf tieeps theo cuar oong vaof nawm 1836. Moij nguwowif ddeeuf bieets camr tuwowngr cuar toongr thoongs ddoois vowis ngaan hangf thuws hai. Vaf ddeer tranhs tinhf trangj “ddeem daif lawms moongj”, ngaan hangf ddax nghix cachs ddeer cos

dduwowcj giaays pheps kinh doanh ddawcj bieetj keos daif theem 20 nawm nuwax truwowcs khi dieenx ra cuoocj baauf cuwr toongr thoogns. Ddoongf thowif vowis vieecj nayf, cacs ngaan hangf cungx ddax khoong tieecs chi ra khoanr tieenf 3 trieeuj USD ddeer ungr hooj cho quyx tranh cuwr Henry Clay – ddoois thur cuar toongr thoongs Jackson – trong khi khaaur hieeuj tranh cuwr cuar Jackson laf “Cos Jackson thif khoong cos ngaan hangf”. Cuoois cungf, Jackson ddax gianhf thawngs lowij vowis soos phieeus aps ddaor. Ddeef ans keos daif thowif hanj kinh doanh ngaan hangf ddax dduwowcj thoong qua taij thuwwngj nghij vieenj vowis soos phieeus 20/28, vaf vuwowtj qua cuwar haj nghij vieenj vowis soos phieeus 85/167 (24) (Glyn Davis, Lichj suwr tieenf teej tuwf thowif coor ddaij ddeens nay (History of Money From Ancient Times to The Present Day) - University of Wales Press, 2002, tr. 479). Yr vaof suwj haauj thuaanx cuar ddees quoocs taif chinhs Rothschild hungf manhj owr chaau Aau, Biddle – Chur tichj Ngaan hangf thuws hai – chawngr coi toongr thoongs ra gif. Trong khi thieen haj banf tans xoon xao rawngf ddeef ans keos daif thowif hanj kinh doanh cuar ngaan hangf sex bij Jackson phur quyeets, Biddle ddax leen giongj tuyeen boos “Neeus oong ta phur quyeets ddeef ans, thif tooi sex phur quyeets oong ta”. Roots cucj, Jackson ddax phur quyeets khoong chuts do duwj ddoois vowis ddeef ans keos daif thowif hanj kinh doanh cuar ngaan hangf thuws hai. Oong conf leenhj cho Booj truwowngr taif chinhs laapj tuwcs yeeu caauf cacs cow quan duwj truwx cuar chinhs phur phair ruts ngay cacs khoanr tieenf tieets kieemj tuwf taif khoanr cuar ngaan hangf thuws hai, chuyeenr vaof taif khoanr cuar ngaan hangf owr cacs bang. Ngayf 8 thangs 1 naawm 1835, toongr thoongs Jackson ddax trar xong khoanr nowj cuoois cungf cuar ddaats nuwowcs. Ddaay laf laanf duy nhaats trong lichj suwr nuwowcs Myx, chinhs phur ddax giamr khoanr nowj quoocs gia xuoongs muwcs 0, ddoongf thowif conf taoj ra mootj khoanr thawngj duw trij gias 35 trieeuj USD. Nhaanj xets veef thanhf tuwuj vix ddaij nayf, cacs nhaf suwr hocj cho rawngf “ddaay laf thanhf coong xans lanj nhaats ddoongf thowif cungx laf suwj coongs hieens quan trongj nhaats maf toongr thoongs ddax lamf cho ddaats nuwowcs nayf”.

Towf Boston Post ddax vis vieecj nayf vowis suwj kieenj Chuas dduooir nguwowif cho vay tieenr ra khoir thanh dduwowngf vaayj.

5. “Ngaan hangf muoons gieets cheets tooi, nhuwng tooi sex gieets cheets ngaan hangf”.

Ngayf 30 thangs 1 nawm 1835, toongr thoongs Andrew Jackson ddeens Capital Hill tham duwj tang leex cuar mootj nghij six Quoocs hooij. Vowis hai khaaur sungs ddax dduwocj napj ddaayf ddanj giaaus trong tuis aos khoacs, Richard Laurence – mootj tay thowj sown thaats nghieepj ddeens tuwf Anh – ddax lenr theo toongr thoongs Andrew Jackson. Khi toongr thoongs tieens vaof phongf nghi thuwcs tang leex, Laurence vaanx conf cachs toongr thoongs mootj khoangr khas xa. Hawns nhaanx naij chowf thowif cow toots hown ddeer hanhf ddoongj. Sau khi nghi thuwcs keets thucs, hawns naaps vaof giuwax hai hangf cootj, nowi maf hawns bieets chawcs chawns toongr thoongs phair ddi qua. Vuwaf ddungs lucs toongr thoongs buwowcs ddeens, Laurence tuwf phias sau cootj xoong ra, chiax sungs vaof toongr thoongs vaf bops cof. Nhuwng raats may, vieen ddanj bij leps, vif thees Laurence ddax khoong theer haj sats dduwowcj toongr thoongs. Khi ddos, moij nguwowif xung quanh ddeeuf heets suwcs hoangr hoots. Nhuwng vij toongr thoongs 67 tuooir nayf vaanx tor ra binhf tinhx ddoois mawtj vowis teen sats thur, vaf theo banr nawng, oong dduwa caay gaayj neen ddeer tuwj veej. Lieenf ddos, teen sats thur laij tieeps tucj mocs khaaur sungs thuws hai ra vaf bops cof, nhuwng ddanj vaanx bij leps. Ddaay laf toongr thoongs ddaauf tieen cuar Myx bij ams sats, vaf thaatj may mawns laf oong ddax thoats cheets. Thoong thuwowngf, tyr leej car hai khuaaur sungs leps ddanj chir laf 1/125. 000 maf thooi. Teen sats nhaan 32 tuooir nayf tuwj xuwng laf nguwowif thuwaf kees howpj phaps cuar quoocs vuwowng Anh, vaf hawns cho rawngf, toongr thoongs Myx ddax gieets cheets cha hawn, laij conf cuwj tuyeetj ddeer hawns cos dduwowcj mootj khoanr tieenf lowns. Sau ddos, taij toaf an, chir sau nawm phuts thaamr tra, toaf ddax phans quyeets laf teen sats nhaan nayf mawcs beenhj taam thaanf, neen khoong truy cuwus trachs nhieenj hinhf suwj ddoois vowis hawns.

Tuwf ddos veef sau, beenhj taam thaanf trowr thanhf cais cows tichs howpj nhaats ddeer cacs sats thur chayj tooij. Ngayf 8 thangs 1 nawm 1835, toongr thoongs Jackson ddax trar xong khoanr nowj cuoois cungf cuar ddaats nuwowcs. Cuoois thangs Gieeng, tuwcs laf ngayf 30 thangs 1, vuj ams sats toongr thoongs ddax xayr ra. Lieen quan ddeens teen hung thur Richard Laurence, trong cuoons sachs cuar minhf, Griffin ddax vieets rawngf: “Teen sats thur nayf hoawcjlaf bij beenhj taam thaanf thaatj, hoawcj laf giar beenhj ddeer hongf thoats khoir suwj truwngf trij nghieem minh cuar phaps luaatj. Sau nayf, hawns ddax khua mooi muas meps nois vowis nguwowif khacs rawngf hawns cos moois quan heej maatj thieets vowis nhuwngx nguwowif cos quyeenf thees owr chaau Aau, vaf hawns ddaax dduwowcj huwas laf neeus cos bij bawts thif sex dduwowcj baor veej (25) (G. Edward Griffm, Nhuwnx ker ddeens tuwf ddaor Jekyll (The Creature from Jekyll Island) - American Media, Westlake Village, CA 2002, tr.224). Ngayf 8 thangs 6 nawm 1845, toongr thoongs Jackson qua ddowif. Treen bia mooj cuar oong chir luwu laij mootj caau nois duy nhaats, “Ta ddax gieets dduwowcj ngaan hangf”.Ngaan hangf Trung uwowng Myx laij mootj laanf nuwax bij voo hieeuj hoas, daanx ddeens suwj trar dduax nghieem khawcs cuar nuwowcs Anh. Nuwowcs Anh laapj tuwcs ddinhf chir cacs khoanr cho vay ddoois vowis Myx, trong ddos cos chieeu taanj thu nguoonf cung uwngs tieenf vangf cuar nuwowcs Myx. Duwowis suwj vaanj hanhf vaf ddieeuf khieenr cuar gia toocj Rothschild, neenf taif chinhs cuar Anh khi ddos ddax cos dduwowcj luwowngj luwu thoong tieenf vangf vowis quy moo lowns nhaats. Thoong qua cacs khoanr tieenf cho vay vaf vaanj hanhf cuar Ngaan hangf trung uwowng Myx, neenf taif chinhs Anh ddax khoongs chees hoanf toanf vieecj cung uwngs tieenf teej cuar Myx. Sau khi ddown xin keos daif thowif hanj cuar Ngaan hangf thuws hai bij toongr thoongs phur quyeets, Chur tichj Ngaan hangf thuws hai ddax khowir ddoongj vieecj “phur quyeets” ddoois vowis toongr thoongs. Ngaan hangf thuws hai tuyeen boos laapj tuwcs thu hooif cacs khoanr ddax cho vay, ddinhf chir taats car cacs khoanr vay mowis. Cacs ngaan hangf chur yeeus owr chaau Aau do dongf hoj Rothschild thao tungs

cungx ddoongt thowif khoongs chees vongf quay luwu chuyeenr tieenf teej cuar nguwowif Myx, ddaayr nuwowcs nayf rowi vaof tinhf thees sutj giamr luwowngj luwu thoong tieenf teej “do con nguwowif gaay ra” moot cachs nghieem trongj, cuoois cungf daanx ddeens “cuoocj khungr hoangr nawm 1837”, kinh tees Myx rowi vaof tinhf trangj suy thoais nghieem trongj trong suoots hown 5 nawm vowis suwj phas hoaij lowns chuwa tuwngf thaays, gaay neen mootj thowif kyf ddieeu tanf vaf keos daif maix ddeens nawm 1929.

“Cuoocj khungr hoangr nawm 1857” tieeps sau “cuoocj khungr hoangr nawm 1837”, rooif cuoocj khungr hoangr nawm 1907 mootj laanf nuwax xacs nhaanj caau nois cuar Rothschild: “Chir caanf khoongs chees vieecj phats hanhf tieenf teej cuar mootj quoocs gia thif tooi khoong caanf phair quan taam rawngf ai laf ker ddax ddawtj ra phaps luaatj”.

6. Chieens tuyeens mowis: “Heej thoongs taif chinhs ddoocj laapj”Nawm 1837, Martin Van Buren – nguwowif kees nhieemj toongr thoongs Jackson ungr hoj – tieeps quanr Nhaf trawngs. Thachs thuwcs lowns nhaats laf lamf thees naof ddeer khawcs phucj nguy cow khungr hoangr nghieem trongj do nguoonf cung uwngs tieenf bij Ngaan hangf quoocs tees thawts chawtj. Sachs luwowcj tieen phong cuar oong laf xaay duwngj “heej thoongs taif chinhs ddoocj laapj” (Independent Treasury System), ruts toanf booj tieenf teej do Booj taif chinhs kieemr soats khoir heej thoongs ngaan hangf tuw nhaan, rooif guwir vaof heej thoongs cuar minhf owr Booj taif chinhs. Cacs nhaf suwr hocj goij hanhf ddoongj nayf laf “cuoocj ly hoon giuwax taif chinhs vaf ngaan hangf”. Khowir ddaauf cuar “heej thoongs taif chinhs ddoocj laapj” laf khi toongr thoongs Jackson phur quyeets vieecj keos daif thowif hanj kinh doanh cuar Ngaan hangf thuws hai, ddoongr thowif ra leenhj ruts toanf booj cacs khoanr tieenf cuar chinhs phur khoir heej thoongs ngaan hangf nayf, chuyeern ddeens guwir owr ngaan hangf cuar cacs bang. Ai ngowf, cacs ngaan hangf dungf tieenf cuar chinhs phur lamf duwj truwx, sau ddos phats hanhf tins dungj vowis soos luwowngj lowns ddeer ddaauf cow. Ddaay laf mootj nguyeen nhaan khacs daanx ddeens “cuoocj khungr hoangr nawm 1837”. Nguoonf tieenf cuar chinhs phur do Martin Van

Buren ddeef xuaats phair lamf sao dduwowcj giair phongs khoir heej thoongs taif chinhs nhawmf baor veefj tieenf voons cuar chinhs phur ddoongf thowif caan nhawcs khar nawng ngaan hangf dungf tieenf thuees cuar nguwowif daan ddeer phats hanhf tins dungj vowis soos luwowngj lowns taoj neen suwj maats caan bawngf trong neenf kinh tees. Mootj ddawcj ddieemr khacs cuar “heej thoongs taif chinhs ddoocj laapj” laf “ taats car cacs khoanr tieenf nhaapj vaof heej thoongs taif chinhs caanf phair dduwowcj theer hieenj duwowis dangj vangf bacj. Nhuw vaayjNhuw vaayj, chinhs phur ddax cos dduwowcj mootj ddieemr tuwaj ddeer ddieeuf tieets khoongs chees ddoois vowis luwowngj cung uwngs tieenf vangf cuar quoocs gia nhawmf khoongs chees cuoocj xung ddootj giuwax ngaan hangf chaau Aau ddoois vowis vieecj phats hanhf tieenf teej cuar Myx. Cachs suy nghix nayf cos theer nois laf mootj dieeuj kees neeus nhinf tuwf gocs ddooj laau daif, nhuwng neeus xets veef ngawns hanj thif laij cos theer chaam ngoif noor cho quar bom ruir ro tins dungj cuar raats nhieeuf cacs ngaan hangf, chawngr khacs naof ddoor theem daauf vaof luwar trong cuoocj xung ddootj vowis ngaan hangf thuws hai cuar Myx, vaf khungr hoangr sex xayr ra ddeens muwcs khoong theer khoongs chees dduwowcj. Trong quas trinhf nayf, Henry Clay laf mootj nhaan vaatj heets suwcs quan trongj. Oong laf nguwowif kees thuwaf ys tuwwngr thanhf laapj Ngaan hangf trung uwowng tuw nhaan cuar Hamilton vaf laf nhaan vaatj dduwowcj cacs ngaan hangf meens mooj. Oonglaf nguwowif cos taif awn nois, loois suy nghix chawtj chex vaf cos suwcs looi cuoons. Oong ddax tuj hooij dduwowcj been minhf mootj nhoms cacs nghij six uongr hooj ngaan hangf vaf dduwowcj cacs ngaan hangf ungr hooj. Oong ddax thanhf laapj ddangr Whig (tieenf thaan cuar ddangr tuwj do Anh) – mootj ddangr kieen quyeets phanr ddoois chinhs sachs ngaan hangf cuar toongr thoongs Jackson – vaf ddax doonf suwcs vaof vieecj khooi phucj laij chees ddooj Ngaan hangf trung uwowng tuw huwux. Trong cuoocj tranh cuwr toongr thoongs nawm 1840, ddangr Whig ddax ddeef cuwr vij anh hungf chieens tranh William Henry Harrison, vaf do trong suy nghix cuar nguwowif daan cos suwj thay ddooir veef nguy cow

kinh tees, neen Harrison ddax ddeex dangf gianhf thawngs lowij vaf trowr thanhf toongr thoongs thuws 9 cuar nuwowcs Myx. Vowis vai trof thur linhx cuar ddangr Whig, Henry Clay ddax nhieeuf laanf “chir ddaoj” Harrison phair ddieeuf hanhf neenf chinhs trij nhuw thees naof. Sau khi Harrison trowr thanhf toongr thoongs, maau thuaanx giuwax hai nguwowif ngayf cangf trowr neen gay gawts. Henry Clay ddax trieeuj kieens “toongr thoongs sawps nhaanj chuwcs” ddeens nhaf minhf owr Lexington. Vif nghix ddeens ddaij cuoocj neen Harrison ddax nhaanx nhinj ddeens nhaf Henry Clay, nhuwng vif vaans ddeef ngaan hangf quoocs gia, chees ddooj taif chinhs ddoocj laapj vaf nhieeuf vaans ddeef khacs nuwax maf hai nguwowif ddax gaay goor vowis nhau. Nguyeen nhaan vif Henry Clay cho rawngf oong ta cos theer laays thaan phaanj “thais thuwowngj hoangf” cuar minhf ddeer ra leenhj. Duf chuwa dduwowcj suwj ddoongf ys cuar Harrison nhuwng oong ta ddax cho nguwowif chaaps buts vieets baif dieenx vawn nhaanj chuwcs thay toongr thoons vaf ddax bij Harrison tuwf choois, sau ddos, Harrison conf ddichs thaan vieets mootj baif dieenx vawn nhaan chuwcs daif hown 8.000 tuwf. Vawn kieenj toms luwowcj laij dduwowngf loois tuw tuwowngr trij nuwowcs cuar Harrison ddax phanr bacs laij luaanj ddieeuj ngaan hangf trung uwowng tuw nhaan vaf phees bor dduwowngf loois chinhs sachs taif chinhs ddoocj laapj do Henrry Clay chur truwowng, taoj neen mootj cus ddanhs thaaus xuwowng ddoois vowis lowij ichs cuar ngaan hangf (26) (Dieenx vawn khai macj cuar toongr thoongs William Henry Harrison, 4/3/1841).Ngayf 4 thangs 3 nawm 1841 laf mootj ngayf rets muwowts. Toongr thoongs Harrison ddax ddocj baif dieenx vawn nhaanj chuwcs cuar minhf trong gios rets, vaf sau ddos ddax bij camr lanhj. Ddoois vowis toongr thoongs Harrison, nguwowif mootj ddowif xoong pha nowi traanj macj thif chuyeenj nayf cungx chawngr cos gif lowns lao, naof ngowf beenhj tinhf cuar oong laij ngayf cangf trowr neen traamf trongj khacs thuwowngf, vaf ddeens ngayf 4 thans 4 thif toongr thoons ddax tuwf traanf. Vij toongr thoongs minh maanx hoatj bats vuwaf mowis leen nhaanj chuwcs vaf ddang chuaanr bij trieenr khai raats nhieeuf duwj ddinhj lowns lao thif boongx nhieen “ddootj tuwr”. Duf thees naof thif ddos cungx laf mootj vieecj heets suwcs ddangs ngowf. Mootj soos nhaf

suwr hocj cho rawngf toongr thoongs ddax bij ddaauf ddoocj, cos theer thowif gian haj ddoocj laf vaof ngayf 30 thangs 3, vaf sau 6 ngayf thif toongr thoongs Harrison tuwf traanf. Maau thuaanx giuwax ngaan hangf trung uwowng tuw nhaan vaf heej thoongs taif chinhs ddoocj laapj cangf trowr neen cawng thawngr hown keer tuwf sau cais cheets cuar toongr thoons Harrison. Trong nawm 1841, Ddangr Whig do Henry Clay chur trif ddax hai laanf ddeef xuaats phair khooi phucj laij Ngaan hangf trung uwowng tuw nhaan vaf phees bor chees ddooj taif chinhs ddoocj laapj. Keets quar car hai laanf ddeeuf bij nguwowif kees nhieemj cuar toongr thoongs Harrison laf Phos toongr thoongs John Tyler phur quyeets. Henry Clay tuwcs giaanj vaf xaaus hoor ra leenhj khai truwf John Tyler ra khoir Ddangr Whig, keets quar laf toongr thoongs John Tyler “may mawns” trowr thanhf vij toongr thoongs “moof cooi” duy nhaats trong lichj suwr nuwowcs Myx bij khai truwr ra khoir Ddangr. Ddeens nawm 1849, sau khi trungs cuwr toongr thoongs, Zacchary Tayer – mootj nhaan vaatj khacs cuar ddangr Whig – ddax khooi phucj laij hy vongj cuar Ngaan hangf trung uwowng. Vieecj xaay duwngj mootj ngaan hangf trung uwowng tuw nhaan theo moo hinhf cuar Ngaan hangf Anh laf mow uwowcs cao nhaats cuar cacs ngaan hangf, vaf nos cos nghiax rawngf, cuoois cungf thif ngaan hangf cungx quyeets ddinhj dduwowcj soos phaanj cuar quoocs gia vaf nhaan ddaan. Nhinf vaof veets xe ddoor truwowcs ddos cuar toongr thoongs Harrison, Tayler luoon tor ra huwngx howf ddoois vowis vaans ddeef ngaan hangf trung uwowng heets suwcs quan trongj nayf, tuy nhieen, oong cungx khoong can taam trowr thanhf con roois trong tay Henry Clay. Nhaf suwr hocj Michael Holt ddax cho rawngf, toongr thoongs Tayler ddax tuwngf ngaamf bayf tor nhuw thees nayf “Chur ys xaay duwngj Ngaan hangf trung uwowng ddax dduwowcj ddinhj ddoatj, vaf ddos khoong phair laf vaans ddeef dduwowcj tooi xem xets trong nhieemj kyf cuar minhf (27) (Michael F. Holt; Suwj leen ngooi vaf supj ddoor cuar Ddangr Whig (The Rise and Fall of the American Whig Party) Jacksonian Politics and the Onset of the Cilvil War) - 1999; tr. 292). Keets quar laf, “cais ddax dduwowcj ddinhj ddoatj” owr ddaay khoong phair laf suwj chus ys cuar Ngaan hangf trung uwowng maf nhawms vaof baonr thaan toongr thoongs Tayler.

Ngayf 4 thangs 7 nawm 1850, toongr thoongs Tayler tham duwj leex quoocs khanhs dduwowcj cuwr hanhf truwowcs ddaif tuwowngr nieemj Washington. Thowif tieets hoom ddos heets suwcs oi buwcs, Tayler ddax uoongs mootj chuts suwax ddas vaf awn theem maays quar anh ddaof, keets quar laf oong bij ddau bungj. Ddeens ngayf 9 thangs 7 thif vij toongr thoongs khooi ngoo vamj vowx nayf cungx ra ddi mootj cachs thaanf bis. Suwj kieenj ddootj tuwr thaanf bis vif nhuwngx cawn beenhj chawngr ddaau vaof ddaau cuar car hai vij toongr thoongs cos xuaats thaan tuwf quaan nhaan nayf dduwowng nhieen ddax gaay xoon xao duw luaanj. Conf giowis suwr hocj thif tranh luaanj veef ddeef taif anyf trong hangf thees kyr. Nawm 1991, sau khi dduwowcj suwj ddoongf ys cuar nguwowif nhaf toongr thoongs Tayler, thi theer cuar oong ddax dduwowcj khai quaatj leen. Nguwowif ta laays maaux mongs tay vaf tocs cuar toongr thoongs ddi xets nghieemj. Keets quar cho thaays, oong cheets vif bij ddaauf ddoocj. Dduwowng nhieen, cow quan ddieeuf tra nhanh chongs laaps lieems rawngf, luwowngj chaats ddaauf ddoocj raats nhor khoong ddur ddeer gaay cheets nguwowif, sau ddos vooij vangf keets thucs vuj ddieeuf tra. Cho ddeens ngayf nay, chawngr ai bieets dduwowcj taij sao cow theer toongr thoongs laij cos nhuwngx ddoocj toos ddos.

7. Ngaan hangf quoocs tees ra tay taoj neen cuoocj “khungr hoangr nawm 1857”

Do ngaan hangf thuws hai cuar Myx ddons cuwar nawm 1836 neen cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf quoocs tees ddax ddootj ngootj ra tay ruts sachj toanf booj luwowngj tieenf teej kim loaij ddang luwu thoong owr nuwowcs Myx, taoj neen cuoocj khungr hoangr kinh tees nghieem trongj dieenx ra lieen tucj trong 5 nawm owr quoocs gia nayf. Mawcj duf vaof nawm 1841, ddaij dieenj cuar cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf quoocs tees ddax tuwngf hai laanf thuwr khooi phucj laij heej thoongs ngaan hangf trung uwowng tuw nhaan, nhuwng car hai laanf ddeeuf thaats baij, moois quan heej giuwax hai been rowi vaof trangj thais ddongs bawng, tinhf trangj sieets chawtj tieenf teej cuar Myx keos daif maix ddeens nawm 1848 mowis bawts ddaauf dduwowj giair toar.

Nguyeen nhaan khieens cho tinhf hinhf chuyeenr bieens tichs cuwcj taats nhieen khoong phair do cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf quoocs tees quas nhej tay maf laf do vaof nawm 1848, nuwowcs Myx ddax phats hieenj mor vangf raats lowns: mor vangf San Francisco. Luwowngj cung uwngs vangf cuar Myx lieen tucj trong 9 nawm keer tuwf nawm 1848 ddax tawng votj chuwa tuwngf thaays. Chir rieeng California ddax sanr xuaats ra mootj luwowngj tieenf vangf trij gias ddeens 5 tyr USD. Nawm 1851, mootj mor vangf cos truwx luwowngj lowns cungx dduwowcj phats hieenj owr Ucs. Luwowngj cung uwngs vangf treen phamj vi thees giowis tuwf 144 trieeu si – linh vaof nawm 1851 tawng votj leen 376 trieeuj si – linh trong nawm 1861. Vaf luwu luwowngj tieenf thuoocj kim nooij ddiaj cuar Myx tuwf 83 trieeuj USD trong nawm 1840 tawng votj leen 253 trieeuj USD trong nawm 1860 (28) (Glyn Davis, Lichj suwr tieenf teej tuwf thowif coor ddaij ddeens nay (History of Money From Ancient Times to The Present Day) - University of Wales Press, 2002, tr. 486).Vieecj phats hieenj nhuwngx mor vangf lowns owr Myx vaf Ucs ddax phas vowx suwj khoongs chees tuyeetj ddoois cuar cacs nhaf taif chinhs chaau Aau ddoois vowis luwowngj cung uwngs vangf thees giowis. Chinhs phur Myx thowr phaof nhej nhomx vif thoats dduwowcj canhr phair bij sieets chawtj veef tieenf teej. Vieecj cung uwngs tieenf teej vowis chaats luwowngj toots vaf soos luwowngj nhieeuf ddax lamf tawng nieemf tin cho thij truwowngf, cacs ngaan hangf bawts ddaauf banhf truwowngs hoatj ddongj tins dungj treen quy moo lowns. Cow sowr quan trongj nhaats trong taif sanr cuar nuwowcs Myx laf raats nhieeuf nganhf coong nghieepj quan trongj cuar Myx nhuw coong nghieepj, khoangs sanr, giao thoong, cow giowis ddeeuf dduwowcj khooi phucj nhanh chongs trong gia ddoanj hoangf kim nayf. Thaays vieecj khoongs chees taif chinhs tor ra khoong conf hieeuj quar, cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf quoocs tees ddax tung ra ddoois sachs mowis. Ddos chinhs laf chinhs sachs khoongs chees taif chinhs vaf phaan hoas chinhs trij. Truwowcs khi cuoocj khungr hoangr keets thucs, cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf ddax bats ddaauf ra tay thu mua cacs cuar cair quys gias cuar daan chungs vowis gias rer matj. Ddeens nawm 1853, khi neenf kinh tees

Myx phaats nhuw dieeuf gawpj gios thif tuw banr nuwowcs ngoaif, ddawcj bieetj laf tuw banr Anh ddax sowr huwux 46 % trong toongr soos trais phieeus lieen bang, 58% toongr coong trais cacs bang, 26 % toongr coong trais nganhf dduwowngf sawts Myx (29). Nhuw vaayj, mootj khi chees ddooj ngaan hangf trung uwowng dduwowcj yeen vij thif neenf kinh tees Myx cungx sex bij cacs nhaf taaif phieetj ngaan hangf khoongs chees gioongs nhuw cacs quoocs gia chaau Aau khacs. Cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf quoocs tees mor roongj hoatj ddoongj tins dungj, khieens neenf kinh tees phats trieenr vowis toocs ddooj nhuw bowm bong bongs ddeer nguwowif daan vaf cacs doanh nghieepj khacs ra suwcs taoj ra cuar cair, sau ddos ddapj gaaps phanh tins dungj, khieens cho haauf heets cacs doanh nghieepj vaf nguwowif daan laam vaof canhr phas sanr, conf cacs ngaan hangf laij dduwowcj mootj phen booij thu. Quar nhieen, trong khi thaays muaf thu hoachj ddax ddeens, cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf quoocs tees vaf cacs ddaij dieenj cuar hoj owr Myx ddax quow tay sieets chawtj tins dungj, gaay neen cuoocj khungr hoangr nawm 1857. Nhuwng ddieeuf vuwowtj ra ngoaif duwj kieens cuar hoj laf, thuwcj luwcj cuar neenf kinh tees Myx lucs nayf khoong conf nhuw 20 nawm truwowcs nuwax, cuoocj khungr hoangr nawm 1857 khoong theer lamf traans thuwowng traamf trongj neenf kinh tees Myx mootj laanf nuwax, maf nos chir keos daif trong mootj nawm thif nuwowcs Myx ddax daapj tawts dduwowcj khungr hoangr. Khi thaays thuwcj luwcj cuar nuwowcs Myx ngayf cangf manhj, taif chinhs ngayf cangf khos khoongs chees, cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf quoocs tees ddawtj ra nhieemj vuj trong taam cho minhf: kichs ddoongj nooij chieens vaf chia cawts nuwowcs Myx.

8. Khowir nguoonf cuoocj nooij chieens Myx: Thees luwcj taif chinhs quoocs tees chaau Aau.

Khoong conf nghi ngowf gif nuwax, cuoocj nooij chieens chia tachs nuwowcs Myx lamf hai nuwar lieen bang cos thuwcj luwcj tuwowng ddoois yeeus ddax dduwowcj cacs thuwcj taif chinhs chaau Aau hoachj ddinhj tuwf raats sowm. Bismarck – Thur tuwowngs Dduwcs. Lichj suwr phats trieenr cuar nuwowcs Myx gawns lieenf vowis suwj can thieej vaf aam muwu cuar cacs thees luwcj quoocs tees. Ddieeuf khieens

nguwowif ta kinh ngacj nhaats chinhs laf suwj thaam nhaapj vaf laatj ddoor cuar cacs thees luwcj taif chinhs quoocs tees ddoois vowis nuwowcs Myx. Tuy nhieen, ddaay cungx chinhs laf nhuwngx ddieeuf its dduwowcj bieets ddeens nhaats. Cuoocj chieens tranh cos quy moo lowns nhaats xayr ra treen chinhs lanhx thoor cuar minhf trong lichj suwr cuar nuwowcs Myx chawcs chawns thoocj veef cuoocj nooij chieens Nam – Bawcs. Cuoocj chieens ddoor maus keos daif suoots 4 nawm nayf ddax looi keos 3 trieeuj nguwowif tham gia, chieems 10 % nhaan khaaur cuar nuwowcs Myx, 600.000 nguwowif tuwr traanj, voo soos nguwowif tanf phees, mootj luwowngj cuar cair khoongr loof bij huyr hoaij trong ngonj luwar chieens tranh, vaf veets thuwowng maf cuoocj chieens nayf ddeer laij cho nguwowif daan ddeens nay sau hown 140 nawm vaanx chuwa dduwowcj hoanf toanf khooi phucj. Ngayf nay, nhuwngx tranh luaanj lien quan ddeens nguyeen nhaan cuoocj nooij chieens Nam – Bawcs phaanf lowns xoay quanh vaans ddeef ddaoj lys cuar cuoocj chieens, tuwcs laf loaij bor suwj hieenj huwux cuar chees ddooj noo leej, ddungs nhuw Sydney E. Ahlstrom ddax nois (neeus khoong cos chees ddooj noo leej thif sex khoong cos chieens tranh. Neeus khoong cos suwj leen ans ddaoj dduwcs ddoosi vowis chees ddooj noo leej thif sex khoong cos chieens tranh” (30) (Sydney E. Ablstrom, Lichjs suwr toon giaos cuar nguwowif Myx (A Religious History of the American People) - Yale University Press, 1972, tr. 649). Nhuwng thuwcj tees, lieen quan ddeens chees ddooj noo leej taij Myx trong thees kyr 19, lowij ichs kinh tees dduwowcj xeeps hangf thuws nhaats, trong khi vaans ddeef ddaoj dduwcs laij dduwngs hangf thuws hai. Truj cootj kinh tees mieenf Nam thowif ddos chinhs laf neenf sanr xuaats boong deetj vair vaf chees ddooj noo leej, vaf neeus nhuw phees bor chees ddooj noo leej thif cacs chur trang traij buoocj phair trar coong cho nhuwngx nguwowif noo leej ban ddaauf theo gias thij truwowngf coong lao ddoongj cuar nguwowif da trawngs, vaf nhuw vaayj, toanf booj sanr nghieepj sex bij hao toonr, keets caaus kinh tees xax hooij sex supj ddoor. Neeus nois chieens tranh laf suwj kees tucj cuar ddaaus tranh chinhs trij thif phias sau xung ddootj lowij ichs chinhs trij chinhs laf suwj tinhs toans lowij ichs kinh tees. Treen beef mawtj cuar suwj tinhs toans lowij ichs

kinh tees nayf nooir leen suwj khacs bieetj veef lowij ichs kinh tees giuwax hai mieenf Nam Bawcs, nhuwng banr chaats cuar nos vaanx laf sachs luwowcj chowi trof “chia ddeer trij” cuar cacs thees luwcj chinhs trij quoocs tees. Bismarck – Thur tuwowngs Dduwcs, nguwowif cos daay mow reex mas vowis dongf hoj Rothschild – ddax nois raats chinhs xacs rawngf “ Khoong conf nghi ngowf gif nuwax, cuoocj nooij chieens chia tachs nuwowcs Myx lamf hai nuwar lieen bang cos thuwcj luwcj tuwowng ddoois yeeus ddax dduwowcj cacs thees luwcj taif chinhs chaau Aau hoachj ddinhj tuwf raats sowms”. Thuwcj chaats, chinhs cacs ngaan hangf trucj “London – Paris – Frankfurt” laf nhuwngx ker nems ddas giaaus tay sau cuoocj chieens Nam – Bawcs cuar Myx. Ddeer kichs ddoongj cuoocj nooij chieens taij Myx, cacs nhaf ngaan hangf quoocs tees ddax tieens hanhf vieecj hoachj ddinhj laau daif, caanr trongj vaf chu toanf. Sau chieens tranh ddoocj laapj cuar Myx, neenf coong nghieepj deetj cuar nuwowcs Anh vaf cacs taangf lowps chur noo owr mieenf Nam nuwowcs Myx daanf daanf xaay duwngj dduwowcj moois quan heej lamf awn maatj thieets vowis nahu. Cacs nhaf taif chinhs owr chaau Aau ddax nawms ngay laays cow hooij nayf, thuwaf cow bis maatj phats trieenr mootj mangj luwowis cacs nhaan vaatj chur choots cos theer kichs ddoongj dduwowcj cuoocj xung ddootj Nam – Bawcs trong tuwowng lai. Owr mieenf Nam thowif ddos, cacs ddaij dieenj ddur kieeru cuar cacs nhaf taif chinhs Anh hieenj dieenj khawps nowi, vaf cungf vowis cacs thees luwcj chinhs trij banr ddiaj, hoj tham gia hoachj ddinhj cacs aam muwu, taoj ra ddur moij loaij tin tuwcs cungx nhuw duw luaanj hongf tachs khoir lieen bang. Hoj ddax kheos leos lowij dungj suwj xung ddootj lowij ichs kinh tees vaf vaans ddeef chees ddooj noo leej owr hai mieenf Nam – Bawcs, khoong nguwngf taoj ra cawng thawngr, xung ddootj vaf lamf cho vaans ddeef theem traamf trongj so vowis banr chaats, vaf cuoois cungf ddax thanhf coong trong vieecj ddaayr vaans ddeef chees ddooj noo leej thanhf maau thuaanx gay gawts khoong theer dung hoaf nhuw nuwowcs vowis luwar giuwax hai mieenf. Cacs ngaan hangf quoocs tees ddax chuaanr bij sawnx sangf, chir conf chowf chieens tranh noor ra laf cos theer vow vets dduwowcj nhuwngx

mons lowij lowns. Trong quas trinhf kichs ddoongj chieens tranh, chieeu thuwcs maf hoj quen dungf laf “bawts cas hai tay”, baats keer ai laf ker chieens thawngs. Nhuwngx khoanr nowj keechs xuf cuar chinhs phur phair chi cho chieens tranh ddeeuf laf buwax tieecj thinhj soanj nhaats cua cacs ngaan hangf. Muaf thu nawm 1859, trong vai mootj nguwowif du lichj, nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf nooir tieengs nuwowcs Phaps Palomon de Rothschild tuwf Paris ddeens Myx. Oong laf nguwowif ddieeuf phoois chung moij kees hoachj voons cos, ddi laij giuwax hai mieenf Nam – Bawcs, tieeps xucs vowis cacs nhaan vaatj quan trongj trong giowis chinhs trij vaf giowis taif chinhs Myx, ddem moij thoong tin tinhf baos thu nhaapj dduwowcj chuyeenr veef cho Nathaniel de Rothschild ddang traans giuwx owr London. Trong cuoocj hooij ddamf vowis cacs giowis chuwcs mieenf Nam, oong ddax coong khai tuyeen boos sex noox luwcj chi vieenj cho mieenf Nam veef mawtj taif chinhs, ddoongf thowif bayr tor sex taanj luwcj giups mieenf Nam ddoocj laapj nhawmf cos dduwowcj suwj thuwaf nhaanj cuar cacs quooc gia lowns owr chaau Aau (31) (Lichj suwr nguwowif Do Thais trong cuoocj nooij chieens (Jewish History in Civil War), Jewish -American History Documentation Foundation, Inc. 2006). Ddaij ddieenj owr mieenf Bawcs cuar ngaan hangf quooc tees laf August Belmont – mootj nhaan vaatj hoatj ddoongj trong linhx vuwcj ngaan hangf goocs Do Thais dduwowcj meenhj danh laf “vua cuar Ddaij looj thuws nawm” owr New York. Oong laf ddaij dieenj cuar ngaan hangf Rothschild Frankfurt, cungx laf nguwowif cos quan heej thaan thichs vowis dongf hoj nayf. Nawm 1829, khi mowis 15 tuooir, August ddax bawts ddaauf kieems soongs trong linhx vuwcj ngaan hangf. Oong cungx bawts ddaauf lamf vieecj cho ngaan hangf Rothschild owr Frankfurt ddoongf thowif sowms boocj looj dduwowcj khar nawng taif chinhs thieen phus cuar minhf. Oong tinh thoong cacs ngoaij nguwx Dduwcs, Anh, Phaps, Ys. Nawm 1837, oong dduwowcj phais ddeens New York. Nhowf mua vaof mootj luwowngj lowns trais phieeus chinhs phur, neen Belmont nhanh chongs trowr thanhf nhaan vaatj cao caaps cuar giowis taif chinhs New York, vaf dduwowcj toongr thoongs tins nhieemj boor nhieemj vaof vij tris coos vaans taif chinhs. Oong ddaij dieenj cho ngaan hangf Rothschild owr Anh

vaf Frankfurt ddoongf thowif bayf tor ys muoons ungr hooj taif chinhs cho toongr thoongs Lincoln owr mieenf Bawcs. Ddeer tawng aps luwcj lowns hown veef mawtj quaan suwj ddoois vowis quaan mieenf Bawcs, cuoois nawm 1861, nuwowcs Anh ddax tawng theem 8.000 binh linhs ddeens Canada, sawnx sangf chuaanr bij uwngs phos vowis suwj taans coong cuar quaan mieenf Nam ddoongf thowif uy hieeps chinhs phur Lincoln owr bieeng giowis phias Bawcs. Nawm 1862, lieen quaan Anh, Phaps vaf Taay Ban Nha ddax ddoor booj vaof cangr Mexico, hoanf thanhf ddowtj taapj keets owr bieen giowis phias nam cuar nuwowcs Myx, khi caanf thieets sex xaam nhaapj vaof mieenf Nam nuwowcs Myx vaf truwcj tieeps khai chieens vowis quaan mieenf Bawcs. Ngayf 3 thangs 10 nawm 1863, Yelet – vij tuwowngs Phaps laij tawng theem 30.000 quaan, vaf chieems linhx thanhf phoos Mehico. Khi chieens tranh mowis noor ra, ddooij quaan mieenf nam ddanhs ddaau thawngs ddos, cacs canhs quaan cuar chaau Aau nhuw quaan Phaps ddax manhj laij cangf manhj hown, Lincoln ddax rowi vaof tinhf thees cuwcj kyf khos khawn. Cacs ngaan hangf ddax tinhs toans chinhs xacs suwj troongs roongx trong quoocs khoos cuar toongr thoongs Lincoln khi ddos, vaf chawngr conf cow hooij naof toots hown ddeer kieems mootj khoanr lowij keech xuf tuwf cuooc chieens tranh nayf. Keer tuwf khi cuoocj chieens tranh vowis Anh keets thucs nawm 1812, thu nhaapj quoocs khoos cuar Myx thaam hutj nhieeuf nawm lieenf, vaf ddeens truwowcs khi Lincoln leen nawms quyeenf, moij khoanr thaam hutj cuar chinhs phur Myx ddeeuf dduwowcj ddem bans cho ngaan hangf duwowis hinhf thuwcs coong trais, rooif ngaan hangf laij chuyeenr tieeps cho ngaan hangf Rothschild owr Anh vaf ngaan hangf Paris (ddaay laf mootj hinhf thuwcs mua bans nowj chinhs phur). Nhuw vaayj, chinhs phur Myx phair chi trar lowij tuwcs khas cao, vaf nhuwngx khoanr nowj tichs luyx nhieeuf nawm nhuw thees nayf ddax taoj ra ganhs nawngj nowj naanf cho chinhs phur. Cacs ngaan hangf ddeef xuats ra mootj kees hoachj taif chinhs tronj gois vaf dduwa ra ddieeuf kieenj cuar minhf. Khi nghe ddeens khoanr laix yeeu caauf tuwr 24% ddeens 36% cuar cacs ngaan hangf, toongr thoongs Lincoln ddax mowif ngay cacs ngaan hangf ra khoir cuwar trong cown tuwcs giaanj baamf gan tims maatj. Ddaay laf mootj ddoocj chieeu

nhawmf ddaayr chinhs phur Myx rowi vaof canhr phas sanr hoanf toanf, vaf Lincoln bieets rawngf nguwowif daan Myx maix maix khoong theer trar heets khoanr nowj hangf nghinf tyr nayf.

9. Chinhs sachs mowis veef tieenf teej cuar LincolnKhoong cos tieenf thif khoong theer tieens hanhf chieens tranh, maf neeus vay cuar ngaan hangf quoocs tees thif chawngr khacs naof tuwj treo thongf longj vaof coor minhf. Lincoln nghix trawm phuwowng nganf kees timf phuwowng ans giair quyeets. Lucs ddos, Dick Taylor – mootj nguwowif banj cux cuar oong owr Chicago – ddax ddeef xuaats vowis Lincoln mootj ys tuwowngr: chinhs phur tuwj phats hanhf tieenf teej!“Vieecj yeeu caauf Quoocs hooij thoong qua ddeef ans nayf cungx nhuw vaans ddeef trao quyeenf cho Booj taif chinhs aans hanhf tieenf teej sex cos ddaayf ddur hieeuj luwcj phaps luaatj nhawm giups chi trar luwowng boongr cho binh six, sau ddo sex giups oong gianhf dduwowcj thawngs lowij trong cuoocj chieens maf oong tieens hanhf”. Trar lowif caau hoir cuar Lincoln veef vieecj lieeuj nguwowif daan Myx cos tieeps nhaanj ddoongf tieenf mowis nayf hay khoong, Dick nois rawngf “taats car moij nguwowif ddeeuf sex khoong cos suwj luwaj chonj naof khacs trong vaans ddeef nayf, chir caanf oong taoj neen hieeuj luwcj phaps lys ddaayf ddur cho loaij tieenf teej mowis nayf, chinhs phur sex hoanf toanf ungr hooj, vaf chungs sex thoong ddungj gioongs nhuw mootj loaij tieenf ddichs thuwcj, bowir vif hieens phaps trao cho Quoocs hooij quyeenf phats hanhf vaf quyeenf quy ddinhj veef gias trij tieenf teej”. Sau khi nghe xong ddeef nghij nayf, Lincoln tor ra quas ddooix vui muwngf, laapj tuwcs ddeef nghij Dick laapj kees hoachj cho vieecj nayf. Bieenj phaps heets suwcs mowis laj nayf ddax phas vowx cachs lamf thuwowngf leej cuar chinhs phur laf caanf phair vay tieenf vaf chiuj laix suaats cao cuar ngaan hangf tuw nhaan. Loaij tieenf mowis nayf suwr dungj vawn hoa mauf xanh lucj ddeer phaan bieetj vowis tieenf cuar cacs ngaan hangf khacs vaf dduwowcj lichj suwr goij laf “tieenf xanh”. Choox mowis laj ddawcj bieetj cuar loaij tieenf mowis nayf nawmf owr choox nos hoanf toanf khoong dduwowcj ddamr baor bawngf vangf hay bacj, vaf lowij tuwcs laf 5% cho 20 nawm. Trong thowif kyf nooij chieens, nhowf cos suwj phats hanhf loaij tieenf nayf maf Myx ddax khawcs phucj dduwowcj tinhf trangj thieeus tieenf

teej nghieem trongj cuar chinhs phur ngay trong giai ddoanj ddaauf cuar cuoocj chieens. Ddieeuf nayf ddax huy ddoongj mootj cachs hieeuj quar nhaats taats car cacs nguoonf voons cuar mieenf Bawcs nuwowcs Myx, taoj neen mootj cow sowr kinh tees vuwngx chawcs cho chieens thawngs cuoois cungf truwowcs quaan mieenf Nam. Ddoongf thowif, nhowf cos gias thanhf thaaps neen loaij tieenf nayf ddax trowr thanhf nguoonf tichs luyx cuar ngaan hangf owr mieenf Bawcs, tins dungj ngaan hangf cuar mieenf Bawcs cungx nhowf ddos maf dduwowcj mowr roongj, cacs nganhf coong nghieepj quoocs phongf, xaay duwngj dduwowngf sawts, sanr xuaats noong nghieepj vaf maauj dichj thuwowng nghieepj ddeeuf nhaanj dduwowcj suwj chi vieenj taif chinhs lowns chuwa tuwngf cos so vowis truwowcs ddos. Vieecj phats hieenj nhuwngx mor vangf lowns nhuwngx nawm 1848 ddax khieens cho neenf taif chinhs Myx daanf daanf thoats khoir cucj dieenj baats lowij vaf cuwcj ddoan do cacs ngaan hangf chaau Aau khoongs chees, vaf cungx nhof vaof sanr luwowngj lowns cuar nhuwngx mor vangf nayf neen loaij tieenf mowis cuar Lincoln mowis cos theer dduwowcj nguwowif daan tieeps nhaanj roongj raix, ddawtj cow sowr taif chinhs ddangs tin caayj cho vieecj gianhf thawngs lowij trong cuoocj chieens Nam – Bawcs. Mootj ddieeuf nuwax khieens nguwowif ta cangf theem kinh ngacj hown laf, loaij tieenf mowis do Lincoln phats hanhf khoong heef gaay ra lamj phats tieenf teej nghieem trongj kieeur nhuw trong thowif kyf dieenx ra chieens tranh ddoocj laapj. Tuwf khi cuoocj nooij chieens noor ra vaof nawm 1861 ddeens khi keets thucs vaof nawm 1865, chir soos vaatj gias cuar toanf mieenf Bawcs cuar Myx chir tawng mootj cachs nhej nhangf tuwf 100 leen 216. Xem xets quy moo vaf suwj nghieem trongj veef muwcs ddooj phas hoaij cuar cuoocj nooij chieens so vowis nhuwngx cuoocj chieens cos quy moo tuwowng tuwj khacs treen thees giowis, chungs ta khoong theer khoong nois rawngf ddaay laf mootj kyf tichs taif chinhs. Nguwowcj laij, mieenf Nam cungx dungf phuwowng thuwcs luwu thoong tieenf giaays, nhuwng hieeuj quar thif khacs xa mootj trowif mootj vuwcj, chir soos vaatj gias cuar mieenf Nam trong cungf mootj thowif kyf ddax tawng tuwf 100 leen ddeens 2776 (32) (Glyn Davis, Lichj suwr tieenf teej tuwf thowif coor ddaij ddeens nay

(History of Money From Ancient Times to The Present Day) - University of Wales Press, 2002, tr. 479).Trong suoots thowif kyf nooij chieens Nam – Bawcs, chinhs quyeenf Lincoln ddax phats hanhf soos tieenf mowis 450 trieeuj USD. Nhowf cow chees vaanj hanhf ddoongf tieenf mowis nayf toots nhuw vaayj cho neen toongr thoogns Lincoln ddax xem xets mootj cachs nghieem tucs vieecj phaps chees hoas vaans ddeef phats hanhf loaij tieenf teej khoong thees chaaps nayf (Debt Free Money). Nhuwng chinhs ddieeuf nayf ddax nhuw mootj ddonf ddau ddanhs vaof lowij ichs cawn banr cuar cacs nhaf taif phieetj quoocs tees. Neeus nhuw moij chinhs phur ddeeuf khoong caanf phair vay tieenf cuar ngaan hangf maf “thanr nhieen” tuwj minhf phats hanhf tieenf teeej, thif suwj lungx ddoanj cuar cacs ngaan hangf ddoois vowis vieecj phats hanhf tieenf teej sex khoong conf toonf taij nuwax, nhuw vaayj khoong phair laf ngaan hangf ddax trow mor rooif sao? Cungx vif thees maf ngay sau khi nghe dduwowcj tin tuwcs nayf, towf London Times ddai dieenj cho ngaan hangf Anh ddax laapj tuwcs ddawng tair tuyeen boos: “Neeus nhuw chinhs sachs taif chinhs mowis cuar Myx (tieenf xanh Lincoln) khieens nguwowif ta chans ghets dduwowcj thuwcj thi vinhx vieenx, chinhs phur cos theer phats hanhf khoongs nguoonf tieenf teej cuar minhf. Chinhs phur cos theer hoanf trar heets moij khoanr nowj ddoongf thowif sex thu dduwowcj nhuwngx khoanr tieenf caanf thieets ddeer phats trieenr thuwowng nghieepj, sex bieens thanhf mootj quoocs gia phoonf vinh chuwa tuwngf cos treen thees giowis. Nguoonf nhaan taif uwu tus vaf moij taif nguyeen voons cos treen thees giowis nayf sex chayr doonf veef Bawcs Myx. Quoocs gia nayf caanf phair bij phas huyr, neeus khoong nos sex phas huyr tuwngf quoocs gia theo chees ddooj quaan chur treen thees giowis”. Chinhs phur Anh vaf Hieepj hooij Ngaan hangf New York ddax bayr tor suwj phaanx nooj ddoif hoir phair thuwcj hieenj cacs hanhf ddoongj ddaps trar. Ngayf 28 thangs 12 nawm 1861, hoj tuyeen boos ddinhf chir chi trar bawngf tieenf kim loaij cho chinhs phur Lincoln. Mootj soos ngaan hangf owr New York conf ddinhf chir vieecj ruts vangf cuar nhuwngx nguwowif guwir tieets kieemj bawngf vangf, ddoongf thowif

tuyeen boos huyr bor vieecj chaaps nhaanj dungf vangf mua coong trais cuar chinhs phur. Cacs ngaan hangf owr nhieeuf nowi treen nuwowcs Myx cungx raamf rooj huwowngr uwngs. Hoj ddeens Washington ddeer ddeef xuaats nhuwngx phuwowng ans thay ddooir voo nguyeen tawcs ddoois vowis toongr thoongs Lincoln, ddoif thuwcj hieenj laij nhuwngx cachs lamf trong quas khuws, ddem nhuwngx coong trais cos lowij tuwcs cao bans cho ngaan hangf chaau Aau; ddem vangf cuar chinhs phur Myx guwir vaof cacs ngaan hangf tuw nhaan ddeer duwj truwx phats hanhf tins dungj, cacs ngaan hangf phats taif lowns; chinhs phur Myx truwng thu thuees cuar cacs nganhf coong nghieepj vaf nguwowif daan ddeer chi trar cho chieens tranh. Dduwowng nhieen, toongr thoongs Lincoln ddax cuwj tuyeej yeeu caauf hoanf toanf voo lys nayf cuar cacs ngaan hangf. Chinhs sachs cuar oong raats dduwowcj longf daan, nguwowif Myx ddax noo nuwcs mua heets toanf booj coong trais, vaf cawn cuws vaof phaps luaatj, cacs coong trais nayf dduwowcj suwr dungj nhuw laf hieenj kim. Cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf thaays kees sachs baats thanhf benf nghix ra kees khacs. Hoj phats hieenj thaays rawngf trong luaatj phats hanhf tieenf xanh Lincoln cuar Quoocs hooij hoanf toanf khoong ddeef caapj ddeens vieecj cos neen dungf vangf ddeer chi trar laix tuwcs coong trais hay khoong. Vif vaayj, hoj cho pheps dungf loaij tieenf mowis cuar Lincoln ddeer mua coong trais, nhuwng phaanf lowij tuwcs phair dduwowcj chi trar bawngf tieenf kim loaij. Ddaay laf mootj buwowcs trong kees hoachj hoanf chinhr nhawmf gawns keets ddoongf tieenf mowis cuar Lincoln taij Myx vowis gias trij cuar vangf. Trong khi ddos, cacs ngaan hangf chaau Aau tichs luyx ddoongf bangr Anh nhieeuf hown baats cuws ddoongf tieenf naof thowif ddos vaf nhieeuf hown so vowis tieenf vangf cuar Myx. Suwj thoar hieepj giuwax ngaan hangf vaf Quoocs hooij Myx ddax khieens cho thees luwcj taif chinhs quoocs tees lowij dungj vieecj khoongs chees toongr luwowngj xuaats nhaapj khaaur vangf ddoois vowis nuwowcs nayf ddeer gians tieeps thao tungs gias trij tieenf teej cuar Myx.

10. Ddoongf minh Nga cuar LincolnKhi cacs quoocs vuwowng owr chaau Aau ddax chuaanr bij sawnx sangf ddeer ddem quaan sang chia cawts nuwowcs Myx, Lincoln laapj tuwcs

nhows ddeens ker thuf truyeenf kieeps cuar cacs quoocs vuwowng chaau Aau – nuwowcs Nga. Lincoln ddax phais ddawcj suws caauf cuwus Sa hoangf Alexardre Ddeej nhij. Khi nhaanj dduwowcj thuw cuar Lincoln, Sa hoangf khoong mowr ra ngay maf naang naang treen tay, rooif nois rawngf: “Truwowcs kh mowr buwcs thuw nayf hoawcj bieets dduwowcj nooij dung cuar nos, chungs ta sex ddoongf ys truwowcs vowis baats cuws yeeu caauf naof maf buwcs thuw ddeef xuaats (33) (Des Griffm, Trowr veef thowif noo leej (Descent into Slavery) - Emissary Publications, 1980, Chuwowng 5). Nguyeen nhaan Sa hoangf chuaanr bij tham gia quaan suwj vaof cuoocj nooij chieens Myx cos maays maawtj sau ddaay. Thuws nhaats, ddos laf suwj lo lawngs “mooi howr rawng lanhj”, vif trong thowif kyf Alexrdre ddaij ddees trij vif, cacs thees luwcj taif chinhs quoocs tees tuwngf quets sachj chaau Aau ddax gox cuwar ddieenj Kremli. Hocj theo kinh nghieemj cuar cacs quoocs gia taif chinhs “tieen tieens” owr chaau Aau, cacs ngaan hangf cuwowng quyeets yeeu caauf thanhf laapj ngaan hangf trung uwowng tuw huwux, vaf Sa Hoangf ddax sowms nhaanj ra chieeu ddoocj trong vieecj nayf neen ddax kieen quyeets tuwf choois yeeu caauf nayf. Khi nhinf thaays toongr thoongs Lincoln – mootj nhaan vaatj phanr ddoois cacs thees luwcj taif chinhs quoocs tees – rowi vaof tinhf canhr nguy hieemr, Alexardre ddeej nhij lo rawngf, neeus khoong ra tay tuwowng trowj, chawngr maays choocs moois nguy aays sex aapj ddeens vowis chinhs minhf. Mootj nguyeen nhaan khacs laf ngayf 3 thangs 3 nawm 1861 truwowcs khi noor ra cuoocj nooij chieens Nam – Bawcs owr Myx, Alechxandre Ddeej nhij ddax tuyeen boos phaps lenhj giair phongs noong noo, vaf veef vaans ddeef nayf, car Alexardre Ddeej nhinj laanx Lincoln ddeeuf cos nhuwngx quan ddieemr chung. Vaf conf mootj ddieeuf nuwax laf trong cuoocj chieens tranh Crimean cuar nuwowcs Nga vuwaf mowis keets thucs nawm 1856 ddax ddaij baij duwowis tay cuar lieen quaan Anh – Phaps, vif thes neen Alechxandre Ddeej nhij chuwa nguooi chuyeenj ruwar haanj. Chuwa tuyeen chieens, vaof ngayf 24 thangs 9 nawm 1663, duwowis suwj chir huy cuar tuwowngs Liviski, hamj ddooij cuar Nga ddax tieens vaof cangr New York. Ngayf 12 thangs 10, duwowis suwj chir huy cuar tuwowngs Popov, hamj ddooij Thais Binhf Duwowng cuar Nga ddax

ddeens San Francisco. Ddoois vowis hanhf ddoongj cuar nuwowcs Nga, Wales ddax binhf luaanj rawngf: “Hoj ddax ddeens khi mieenf Nam ddang owr vaof lucs trieeuf leen conf mieenf Bawcs owr vaof thees trieeuf xuoongs. Suwj xuaats hieenj cuar hoj ddax taoj neen suwj do duwj cuar Anh vaf Phaps, cuoois cungf ddax cho Lincoln thowif cow ddeer xoay chuyeenr dduwowcj cucj dieenj”. Sau khi nooij chieens keets thucs, ddeer trar khoanr phis toongr coongj 7,2 trieeuj USD cho hamj ddooij nuwowcs Nga, chinhs phur Myx ddax chaanf chuwf keos daif thowif gian. Vif hieens phaps khoong trao cho toongr thoongs quyeenf chi trar chieens phis cho chinhs phur nuwowcs ngoaif neen toongr thoongs Johanson khi ddos ddax ddatj dduwowcj thoar thuaanj dungf chinhs vungf ddaats Alaska cuar nuwowcs Nga ddeer chi trar khoanr chi phis chieens tranh. Trong lichj suwr, vuj vieecj nayf dduwowcj goij laf “Suwj ddieen roof cuar Seward”. Seward laf Booj truwowngr ngoaij giao thowif ddos cuar Hoa Kyf ddax bij daan chungs kichj lieetj chir trichs khi bor ra 7,2 trieeuj USD ddeer ddi mua laij mootj vungf ddaats hoang hoas khoong ddangs mootj xu cuar Nga. Cungx vif mootj nguyeen nhaan tuwowng tuwj maf Alexardre Ddeej nhij ddax bij hanhf thichs vaof nawm 1867, nhuwng vuj hanhf thichs ddax khoong thanhf coong. Ngayf 1 thangs 3 nawm 1881, Alexardre cuoois cungf cungx cheets vaof tay mootj thichs khachs.

11. Ai laf hung thur thaatj suwj ams sats Lincoln? Bismarck – vij Thur tuwowngs kieen cuwowngf vaf giauf longf hy sinh cuar nuwowcs Dduwcs ddax tuwngf nhaanj xets motj cachs sawcs bens rawngf: “Oong aays (Lincoln) dduwowcj Quoocs hooij trao quyeenf vay tieenf thoong qua vieecj bans khoanr coong trais cho nguwowif daan, nhuw vaayj thif chinhs phur vaf quoocs gia sex thoats dduwowcj khoir cais baayx caif sawnx cuar cacs nhaf taif chinhs nuwowcs ngoaif. Trong khi hoj (cacs nhaf taif chinhs quoocs tees) hieeur rox dduwowcj rawnf nuwowcs Myx sex thoats khoir vongf khoongs chees cuar hoj, thif ngayf cheets cuar Lincoln chawngr conf maays xa xooi”.

Sau khi sawcs leenhj giair phongs noo leej da dden vaf thoongs nhaats mieenf Nam, ngay laapj tuwcs Lincoln ddax tuyeen boos xoas toanf booj cacs khoanr nowj chieens tranh maf mieenf Nam ddax phair ganhs chiuj. Cacs ngaan hangf quoocs tees – ddown vij chu caaps phaanf lowns taif chinhs cho mieenf Nam trong suoots cuoocj chieens – ddax bij toonr thaats nghieem trongj vif quyeets ddinhj nayf. Ddeer trar thuf Lincoln, ddawcj bieetj laf ddeer xoas bor chinhs sachs mowis veef tieenf teej cuar Lincoln, hoj ddax taapj howpj cacs thees luwcj baats manx ddoois vowis vij toongr thoongs nayf, bis maatj leen kees hoachj ams sats toongr thoongs. Vowis hoj, chuyeenj chir ddaoj ddams coon ddoof ams sats toongr thoongs thuwcj tees khoong phair laf mootj vieecj khos khawn. Sau khi Lincoln bij ams sats, duwowis suwj thao tungs cuar cacs thees luwcj taif chinhs quoocs tees, Quoocs hooij tuyeen boos phees bor chinhs sachs tieenf teej mowis cur Lincoln, vieecj phats hanhf tieenf teej mowis cuar Lincoln khoong dduwowcj vuwowtj quas giowis hanj 400 trieeuj USD. Nawm 1972, cos nguwowif hoir Booj taif chinhs Myx rawngf, vowis soos tieenf 450 trieeuj USD cuar Lincoln ddax phats hanhf, chinhs phur roots cuoocj ddax tieets kieemj dduwowcj bao nhieeu tieenf laix. Sau maays laanf tinhs toans kyx luwowngx, caau trar lowif cuar Booj taif chinhs laf: nhowf toongr soos tieenf Lincoln tuwj phats hanhf cho chinhs phur Myx maf quoocs gia nayf ddax tieets kieemj dduwowcj 4 tyr USD lowij nhuaanj (34) (Abraham Lincoln and John F. Kennedy by Melvin Sickler). Cuoocj nooij chieens Nam – Bawcs veef cawn banr laf mootj cuoocj tranh gianhf lowij ichs kichj lieetj giuwax cacs thees luwcj taif chinhs quoocs tees cungx nhuw nhuwngx nguwowif ddaij dieenj cho cacs thees luwcj ddos vaf chinhs phur Myx trong vieecj khoongs chees quyeenf phats hanhf tieenf teej quoocs gia cungx nhuw chinhs sachs taif chinhs tieenf teej cuar Myx. Trong thowif gian hown mootj trawm nawm sau cuoocj nooij chieens Nam – Bawcs, ddooi been ddax tieens hanhf nhuwngx cuoocj chieens tanf khoocs. Toongr coongj ddax cos 7 toongr thoongs Myx vif cuoocj chieens nayf maf bij ams sats, nhieeuf nghij six bij thur tieeu. Maix ddeens nawm 1913, vieecj thanhf laapj heej thoongs ngaan hangf duwj truwx lieen bang Myx ddax ddanhs daaus cho thawngs lowij mang tinhs quyeets ddinhj cuar ngaan hangf quoocs tees.

Thaatj ddungs nhuw Bismack ddax nois: “Cais cheets cuar Lincoln laf suwj toonr thaats nghieem trongj cuar thees giowis Cow ddoocs giaos. Nuwows Myx cos theer khoong conf ai cos theer ddi laij con dduwongf vix ddaij cuar oong, conf cacs ngaan hangf laij mootj laanf nuwax khoongs chees nhuwngx ai giauf cos. Tooi lo rawngf cacs ngaan hangf nuwowcs ngoaif vowis nhuwngx thur ddoanj cao sieeu vaf tanf baoj sex gianhf dduwowcj suwj giauf cos cuar nuwowcs Myx, sau ddos dungf nos ddeer huyr hoaij neenf vawn minh hieenj ddaij mootj cachs cos heej thoongs”.

12. Suwj thoar hieepj chis mangj: “Phaps leenhj ngaan hangf quoocs gia” nawm 1863

“Vai trof maf tooi ddax ddongs gops trong vieecj ra ddowif phaps leenhj ngaan hagnf quoocs gia laf sai laamf taif chinhs nghieem trongj nhaats trong cuoocj ddowif. Suwj lungx ddoanj (cung uwngs tieenf teej) maf nos (phaps leenhj ngaan hangf quoocs gia) sanr sinh ra sex anhr huwowngr ddeens taats car cacs phuwowng dieenj cuar ddaats nuwowcs nayf. Nos caanf phair bij phees bor, nhuwng truwowcs khi ddieeuf nayf xayr ra, ddaats nuwowcs nayf sex chia thanhf hai phias, mootj been laf nguwowif daan, conf bee kia laf ngaan hangf, vaaf tinhf huoongs nayf vaanx chuwa tuwngf xuaats hieenj trong lichj suwr cuar ddaats nuwowcs nayf”. Booj truwowngr taif chinhs Myx Salomon (1861 – 1864). Sau khi cuoocj nooij chieens Nam – Bawcs bungf noor, Lincoln ddax cuwj tuyeetj khoanr lowij tuwcs cawts coor tuwf 24% ddeens 36 % cuar Rothschild vaf cacs ddaij dieenj khacs cuar hoj owr Myx, chuyeenr sang trao quyeenf cho Booj taif chinhs phats hanhf “tieenf giaays quoocs gia” (United States Notes) cuar rieeng minhf, hay conf dduwowcj goij laf bacj xanh. Phaps leenhj tieenf teej chinhs thuwcs (Legal Tender Act) dduwowcj thoong qua thangs 2 nawm 1862. Phaps leenhj nayf trao quyeenf cho Booj taif chinhs phats hanhf 150 trieeuj ddoongf tieenf xanh, lieenf sau ddos vaof thangs 7 nawm 1862 vaf thangs 3 nawm 1863, laij trao quyeenf cho Booj taif chinhs phats hanhf theem 150 trieeuj tieenf xanh nuwax. Nois chung, trong thowif kyf nooij chieens, toongr soos tieenf xanh phats hanhf ddax leen ddeens 450 trieeuj.

Vieej phats hanhf tieenf xanh cuar Lincoln chawngr khacs naof chocj vaof toor ong vof vex cuar ngaan hangf quoocs tees. Truwowcs hanhf ddoongj nayf cuar toongr thoongs, cacs ngaan hangf bij mootj voos ddau nhuw bof ddas, nhuwng nguwowcj laij, taanf lowps nhaan daan vaf cacs nganhf coong nghieepj khacs thif laij tor thais ddooj heets suwcs hoan ngheenh ddoois vowis loiaj tieenf xanh nayf. Ddoongf tieenf xanh cura Lincoln dduwowcj luwu hanhf maix ddeens nawm 1994 trong heej thoongs tieenf teej cuar Myx. Nawm 1863, khi cuoocj chieens ddax buwowcs ddeens hooif quyeets ddinhj nhaats, Lincoln caanf nhieeuf tieenf xanh hown nuwax ddeer gianhf dduwowcj thawngs lowij. Ddeer dduwowcj trao quyeenf phats hanhf tieenf xanh laanf thuws ba, oong buoocj phair cuis ddaauf truwowcs cacs thees luwcj ngaan hangf trong Quoocs hooij ddeer dduwa ra mootj thoar hieepj quan trongj: kys vaof phaps leenhj “ngaan hangf quoocs gia” nawm 1863. Phaps leenhj nayf trao cho chinhs phur quyeenf phee chuaanr vieecj cho Ngaan hangf quoocs gia (National Bank) phats hanhf tieenf giaays vowis tieeu chuaanr thoongs nhaats. Nhuwngx ngaan hangf nayf treen thuwcj tees sex phats hanhf tieenf teej quoocs gia cuar Myx. Mootj ddieemr heets suwcs quan trongj chinhs laf nhuwngx ngaan hangf nayf dungf trais phieeus chinhs phur Myx lamf nguoonf duwj truwx cho vieecj phats hanhf tieenf giaays, vaf nhuw vaayj, sex khoongs chees vieecj phats hanhf tieenf teej cuar Myx vowis cacs khoanr vay cuar chinhs phur, conf chinhs phur sex maix khoong theer hoanf trar heets cacs khoanr nowj nayf. John Kenneth Galbraith – nhaf kinh tees hocj luwngf danh nguwowif Myx – ddax tuwngf chir ra mootj cachs sawcs bens rawngf: “Raats nhieeuf nawm sau khi cuoocj nooij chieens keets thucs, hangf nawm, chinhs phur laij khoong theer hoanf trar heets nhuwngx khoanr nowj ddax vay, cungx khoong theer booif hoanf nhuwngx khoanr nowj ddax phats hanhf ra, bowir vieecj nayf cos nghiax rawngf chawngr cos khoanr nowj naof ddeer lamf thees chaaps cho quyx tieenf teej quoocs gia. Vieecj hoanf trar heets cacs khoanr nowj cungx ddoongf nghiax laf ddax phas huyr toanf booj suwj luwu thoong tieenf teej, aam muwu cuar cacs ngaan hangf quoocs tees trong vieecj thieets laapj mootj moo hinhf ngaan hangf Myx theo kieeur Anh cuoois cungf ddax trowr thanhf hieenj thuwcj. Tuwf

ddaay, lowij tuwcs laau daif tuwf cacs khoanr nowj cuar chinhs phur Myx sex chayr vaof tuis cacs ngaan hangf, vaf nos chawngr khacs naof mootj sowij thongf longj ngayf cangf sieets chawtj vaof coor nhaan daan Myx. Ddeens nawm 2006, toongr vay cuar chinhs phur Myx ddax leen ddeens con soos khoongr loof 860.000 tyr USD, binhf quaan mooix nhaf cos boons nguwowif phair ganhs chiuj mootj khoanr nowj quoocs gia leen ddeens 112. 000 USD, vaf toocs ddooj tawng truwowngr toongr nowj cuar ddaats nuwowcs Myx trong mooix giaay laf 20.000 USD! Khoanr chi trar lowij tuwcs cuar chinhs phur lieen bang Myx ddoois vowis nowj quoocs gia chir dduwngs sau ngaan sachs danhf cho y tees vaf quoocs phongf, vaf ddeens nawm 2006 sex ddatj ddeens con soos khoongr loof 400 tyr USD. Bawts ddaauf tuwf nawm 1864, cacs ngaan hangf cos theer ddowif ddowif kieeps kieeps huwowngr thuj buwax ddaij tieecj lowij tuwcs tuwf khoanr nowj quoocs gia nayf cuar Myx. Chir vif xem nhej suwj khacs bieetj giuwax chinhs phur truwcj tieeps phats hanhf tieenf teej vowis chinhs phur phats hanhf coong trais conf ngaan hangf phats hanhf tieenf, maf cacs nhaf ngaan hangf ddax taoj neen mootj suwj baats coong lowns nhaats trong lichj suwr loaif nguwowif. Nguwowif daan bij eps phair noopj thuees gians tieeps qua cacs ngaan hangf, maf nhuwngx khoanr thuees nayf chinhs laf taif sanr vaf tieenf bacj do moof hooi nuwowcs mawts cuar hoj lamf neen!Maix ddeens ngayf nay, Trung Quoocs laf mootj soos its quoocs gia treen thees giowis cos chinhs sachs phats hanhf tieenf teej do chinhs phur truwcj tieeps ddieeuf hanhf. Nhowf ddos khoanr lowij tuwcs phair chi trar maf chinhs phur vaf nguwowif daan ddax tieets kieemj dduwowcj trowr thanhf nhaan toos quan trongj khoong theer thieeus khieens cho Trung Quoocs cos theer phats trieenr nhanh vaf beenf vuwngx nhuw vaayj. Neeus cos ai ddos dduwa ra ddeef xuaats phair hocj hoir “kinh nghieemj tieens booj” cuar nuwowcs ngoaif, ngaan hangf ngaan hangf nhaan daan caanf phair dungf nowj quoocs gia cuar chinhs phur lamf thees chaaps ddeer phats hanhf ddoongf nhaan daan teej, thif nguwowif daan Trung Quoocs phair coi chuwngf. Lincoln khoong phair laf khoong bieets ddeens nguy cow dde doaj vinhx cuwur nayf vaf duwj tinhs rawngf, sau khi thawngs cuwr owr nhieemj kyf

kees tieeps vaof nawm 1865, oong sex phees bor phaps leenhj nayf, nhuwng chir 42 ngayf sau khi trungs cuwr, Lincoln ddax bij ams sats. Cacs thees luwcj ngaan hangf quoocs tees trong Quocs hooij thuwaf thawngs xoong leen. Hoj cho rawngf, caanf phair loaij bor ddoongf tieenf xanh cuar Lincoln thif mowis cos theer kee cao goois maf ngur dduwowcj. Nayf 12 thangs 4 nawm 1866, Quoocs hooij ddax thoong qua “Phaps leenhj thu hooif” (Contration Act), hongf thu hooif taats car cacs ddoongf tieenf xanh hieenj ddang luwu thoong, vaf ddooir lai thanhf tieenf kim loaij, sau ddos gatj bor tieenf xanh ra khoir heej thoongs luwu thoong, khooi phucj chees ddooj banr vij vangf. Owr mootj ddaats nuwowcs mowis thoats khoir cuoocj chieens tranh ddieeu tanf caanf khooi phucj, chawngr cos gif hoang dduwowngf hown laf mootj chinhs sachs kieemr soats gawts gao tieenf teej. Luwowngj tieenf teej luwu thoong 1,8 tyr USD tuwf nawm 1866 (tuwcs khoangr 50,46 USD mooix nguwowif), ddax sutj giamr xuoongs conf 1,3 tyr USD nawm 1867 (tuwcs laf giamr xuoongs conf 400 trieeuj USD (mooix nguwowif 6,67 USD) nawm 1886. Trong boois canhr mootj nuwowcs Myx vowis nhieeuf veets thuwowng chieens tranh caanf chuwax trij, mootj neenf kinh tees caanf dduwowcj khooi phucj vaf phats trieenr, ddoongf thowif tinhf hinhf daan soos tawng nhanh, nhuwng luwowngj cung uwngs tieenf teej laij thieeus hutj, dda soos nguwowif daan ddeeuf cho rawngf suwj thinhj suy laf quy luaatj cuar phats trieenr kinh tees. Nhuwng treen thuwcj tees, vieecj thao tungs nguoonf cung uwngs tieenf teej theo kieeur khi buoong khi sieets cuar cacs ngaan hangf quoocs tees mowis laf nguoonf cown thuwcj suwj cuar vaans ddeef. Muaf ddoong nawm 1872, cacs ngaan hangf quoocs tees ddax phais Ernest Seyd ddem theo mootj khoanr tieenf lowns tuwf Anh vaof Myx. Bawngf vieecj hoois looj cacs quan chuwcs, Ernest Seyd ddax ddatj dduwowcj mucj ddichs cuar minhf: thoong qua “phaps leenhj tieenf dducs nawm 1873” (Coinage Act) maf lichj suwr goij alf “phaps leenhj ngu xuaanr 1873”. Ddichs thaan Ernest Seyd ddax soanj thaor phaps leenhj nayf, vaf nos ddax gatj bor tieenf bawngf bacj ra khoir heej thoongs luwu thoong tieenf teej, vaf nhuw vaayj, tieenf vangf trowr thanhf thuws tieenf duy nhaats. Phaps leenhj nayf dduwowcj vis nhuw hieenj tuwowngj phur suwowng

leen tuyeets cho dongf luwu thoong tieenf teej voons ddax thieeus hutj traamf trongj. Sau khi xong vieecj, Ernest Seyd veenh vaos tuwj ddawcs nois rawngf: “Muaf ddoong nawm 1872, ta ddax lamf mootj chuyeens ddeens Myx, ta ddax ddamr baor chawcs chawns vieecj thoong qua phaps leenhj tieenf dducs ddeer phees bor tieenf bacj. Cais maf ta ddaij dieenj laf lowij ichs cuar cacs vij chur tichj Ngaan hangf Anh quoocs. Ddeens nawm 1873, tieenf vangf ddax trowr thanhf loaij tieenf kim loaij duy nhaats”. Nhuwng suwj thaatj, tacs dungj cuar vieecj loaij truwf tieenf bacj ra khoir linhx vuwcj luwu thoong tieenf teej quoocs tees laf nhawmf ddeer ddamr baor chawcs chawns suwcs khoongs chees tuyeetj ddoois cuar cacs ngaan hangf quoocs tees ddoois vowis luwowngj cung uwngs tieenf teej thees giowis, ddoongf thowif ddoois phos vowis vieecj tawng cuwowngf khai thacs cacs mor bacj trong khi sanr luwowngj cacs mor vangf ngayf cangf its ddi. Sau khi ddax nawms giuwx dduwowcj vieecj khai thacs cacs mor vangf thees giowis, dduwowng nhieen ngaan hangf quoocs tees khong muoons luwu luwonwgj tieenf bacj maf nos khoongs chees dduwowcj laij can duwj vaof ddiaj vij bas quyeenf taif chinhs thees giowis cuar minhf. Chins vif thees, keer tuwf nawm 1871, bacj trawngs ddax dduwowcj loaij truwf ddoongf loatj owr cacs quoocs gia Dduwcs, Anh, Haf Lan Aos, Scandinavi, khieens luwowngj luwu thoong tieenf teej cuar mooix quoocs gia bij co ruts laij, tuwf ddos ddax daanx ddeens cuoocj ddaij suy thoais kinh tees nghieem trongj keos daif 20 nawm owr chaau Aau (Long Depression, 1873- 1896). Owr Myx, “phaps leenhj thu hooif” vaf “phaps leenhj tieenf dducs” ddax truwcj tieeps gaay neen cuoocj ddaij suy thoais kinh tees tuwf nawm 1873 ddeens nawm 1876. Trong khoangr thowif gian ba nawm nayf, tyr leej thaats nghieepj cuar Myx ddax leen ddeens muwcs 30%, nguwowif daan Myx ddax cuwowng quyeets yeeu caauf khooi phucj laij thowif kyf luwu hanhf song song tieenf bacj vaf tieenf xanh Lincoln. Daan chungs Myx ddax thanhf laapj cacs toor chuwcs tuwj phats nhuw hooij bacj trawngs (US Silver Commission), hooij tieenf xanh (Greenback Party), thucs ddaayr car nuwowcs khooi phucj laij chees ddooj luwu hanhf song song tieenf vangf vaf tieenf bacj, phats hanhf laij tienf xanh Lincoln voons dduwowcj nguwowif daan raats hoan ngheenh.

Baos caos cuar hooij bacj trawngs owr Myx ddax chir ra: “Suwj ddieeu tanf trong thowif kyf trung coor laf do nanj thieeus hutj tieenf teej vaf suwj sutj gias gaay neen. Khoong cos tieenf teej thif khoong cos vawn minh, conf neeus luwowngj cung ungs tieenf teej giamr, vawn minh taats nhieen sex tieeu vong. Luwowngj luwu thoong tieenf teej kim loaij cuar ddees quoocs La Max tuwowng dduwowng vowis 1,8 tyr USD, ddeens cuoois thees kyr 15, luwowngj luwu thoong tieenf teej kim loaij cuar chaau Aau chir conf laij 200 trieeuj USD. Lichj suwr ddax chuwngs minh rawngf, khoong cos baats cuws tai hoaj naof bawngf vieec ddees quoocs La Max trowr veef thowif kyf trung coor”Nhuwng truwowcs nhuwngx ddoif hoir cuar daan chungs Myx, Hieepj hooij cacs nhaf ngaan hangf Myx (The American Bakers Association) tor thais ddooj duwts khoats lanhj lungf. Trong thuw guwir cho cacs hooij vieen, cacs ngaan hangf ddax neeu rox rawngf: “Cungf vowis suwj hoox trowj cuar cacs towf baos danh tieengs, ddawcj bieetj laf suwj hoox trowj cuar cacs toor chuwcs noong nghieepj vaf toon giaos, chungs tooi ddeef nghij cacs quys vij hayx doocs suwcs ddeer kieen quyeets phanr ddoois vieecj chinhs phur phats hanhf tieenf xanh. Quys vij phair chaams duwts trowj giups nhuwngx ai tor ys ungr hooj chinhs phur trong vieecj phats hanhf tieenf xanh. Hanhf ddoongj cuar chinhs phur sex lamf phuwonwg haij nghieem trongj ddeens lowij nhuaanj cuar ngaan hangf cungx nhuw moij lowij ichs cuar nhuwngx nguwowif cho vay nhuw chungs ta. Ngay laapj tuwcs, quys vij phair gawpj gowx vowis cacs ddaij bieeur quoocs hooij trong khu vuwcj cuar minhf vaf yeeu caauf hoj baor veej lowij ichs cuar chungs ta. Nhuw vaayj, chungs ta cos theer khoongs chees dduwowcj luaatj phaps” (35) (Tuwf thoogn tuw dduwowcj hieepj hooij cacs nhaf ngaan hangf New York, Philadelphia và Boston ban hanhf, do James Buel kys vaf guwir tuwf ddiaj chir 247 Broadway, New York vào năm 1877 cho cacs ngaan hangf treen toanf nuwowcs Myx).Nawm 1881, trong canhr kinh tees tieeu ddieeuf, toongr thoongs thuws 20 cuar Myx laf James Garfield buwowcs leen ddaif chinhs trij vaf ddax nawms bawts dduwowcj ddieemr coots yeeus cuar vaans ddeef. Oong nois rawngf: “Owr baats cuws quoocs gia naof, ai khoongs chees dduwowcj vieecj cung uwngs tieenf teej thif nguwowif ddos trowr thanhf nguwowif chur

tuyeetj ddoois cuar cacs nganhf coong, thuwowng nghieepj hieenj cos. Neeus hieeur rox dduwowcj rawngf, heej thoongs tieenf teej dduwowcj kieemr soats vaf khoongs chees mootj cachs deex dangf bowir mootj nhoms nguwowif, banj sex hieeur rox nguoonf goocs cuar nanj lamj phats vaf chinhs sachs sieets chawtj tieenf teej”. Chir maays tuaanf sau baif phats bieeur cuar minhf, toongr thoongs James ddax bij Charles Guiteau – mootj teen “mawcs beenhj taam thaanf” ams sats vaof ngayf 2 thangs 7 nawm 1881. Toongr thoongs bij bawns hai phats vaf cuoosi cungf qua ddowif vaof ngayf 19 thangs 9. Trong suoots thees kyr thuws 19, cacs ngaan hangf quoocs tees ddax thanhf coong vowis sachs luwowcj “dungf quyeenf luwcj cuar ddoongf tieenf thaanf thanhs ddeer thu dduwowcj vuwowng quyeenf thaanf thanhs”. Taij Myx, “quyeenf luwcj thaanf thanhs cuar ddoongf tieenf cungx daanf lamf tan rax daan quyeenf thieeng lieeng”. Sau nhuwngx cuoocj ddoois ddaauf kichj lieetj daif hangf trawm nawm vowis chinhs phur daan cuwr cuar nuwowcs Myx, cacs ngaan hangf quoocs tees ddax chieems thees thuwowngj phong. Cacs nhaf suwr hocj Myx ddax chir ra rawngf, tyr leej tuwr vong cuar cacs ddowif toongr thoongs Myx cao hown nhieeuf so vowis tyr leej tuwr traanj cuar thuyr quaan lucj chieens Myx trong chieens dichj Normandie. Khi cacs ngaan hangf ngheenh ngang ddawcs ys tuwj cho minhf laf ker nawms dduwowcj phaps leenhj ngaan hangf quoocs gia nawm 1863 trong tay thif mucj tieeu thanhf laapj mootj ngaan hangf taij Myx theo moo hinhf ngaan hangf Anh chir conf laf vieecj trong taamf tay. Nhuw vaayj, hinhf haif mootj ngaan hangf trung uwowng tuw nhaan hoanf toanf khoongs chees quyeenf phats hanhf tieenf teej cuar Myx – ngaan hangf cuar cacs nhaf taif phieetj - ddax bawts ddaauf hinhf thanhf.

Phaanf IIICUCJ DUWJ TRUWX LIEEN BANG MYX: NGAAN HANGF TRUNG UWONWG TUW HUWUX

Mootj quoocs gia coong nghieepj vix ddaij bij heej thoongs tins dungj khoongs chees mootj cachs cuwngs nhawcs. Heej thoongs tins dungj nayf taapj trugn cao ddooj. Suwj phats trieenr cuar quoocs gia nayf vaf moij hoatj ddoongj (kinh tees) cuar chungs hoanf toanf nawmf trong tay mootj soos nguwowif. Chungs ta ddax rowi vaof thees bij thoongs trij cam go nhaats – mootj kieeur thoongs trij trieetj ddeer nhaats treen thees giowis. Chinhs phur khoong conf ys kieens tuwj do nuwax, khoong conf quyeenf ddinhj tooij nuwax, khoong conf laf chinhs phur dduwowcj luwaj chonj bowir dda soos nguwowif daan nuwax, vaf chinhs phur nayf vaanj hanhf duwowis suwj khoongs chees cuar mootj nhoms nguwowif quyeenf luwcj. Raats nhieeuf nhaan six coong thuwowng nghieepj cuar quoocs gia nayf ddeeuf ddang lo sowj mootj ddieeuf gif ddos. Hoj bieets thuws quyeenf luwcj voo hinhf nayf dduwowcj toor chuwcs theo cachs nhuw vaayj, tinhx lawngj voo tinhf, ddeens nooix hoj khoong dams coong khai leen ans thuws quyeenf luwcj nayf (1). (1) Trichs tuwf “Heej thoongs kinh tees quoocs daan vaf ngaan hangf” (National Economy and the Banking System), Taif lieeuj cuar Thuwowngj nghij vieenj, soos 23, Ddaij hooij 76, kyf hopj thuws nhaats. 1939). Woodrowr Wilson – toong thoongs thuws 28 Hoa Kyf. Cos theer khoong quas khoa truwowng khi nois rawngf, maix ddeens ngayf nay, chawngr cos nhaf kinh tees hocj Trung Quoocs bieets dduwowcj mootj thuwcj tees rawngf, Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx chinhs laf ngaan hangf trung uwowng tuw huwux. Cais goij laf “Ngaan hangf duwj truwx lieen bang” thuwcj ra vuwaf chawngr phair laf “lieen bang”, maf chawngr cos “duwj truwx”, vaf cungx khoong ddangs dduwowcj xem laf “ngaan hangf”. Dda soos cacs quan chuwcs cuar chinhs phur Trung Quoocs cos theer sex nghix rawngf, dduwowng nhieen chinhs phur Myx phats hanhf ra ddoongf dollar, nhuwng treen thuwcj tees, veef cow banr, chinhs phur Myx khoong cos quyeenf phats hanhf tieenf teej! Nawm 1963, sau khi toongr thoongs Kennedy bij ams sats, chinhs quyenf Myx cuoois cungf ddax maats ddi quyeenf phats hanhf “dollar Myx bacj trawngs”. Muoons cos dduwowcj ddoongf dollar, chinhs phur Myx caanf phair ddem coong trais cuar nguwowif daan Myx thees chaaps cho Cucj Duwj truwr Lieen bang,

conf “phieeus duwj truwx lieen bang” do Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx phats hanhf chinhs laf ddoongf “dollar Myx”. Ddooois vowis giowis hocj thuaatj vaf truyeenf thoong Myx, tinhs chaats vaf lai lichj cuar “Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx” dduwowcj hieeur laf mootj “vungf caams”. Hawngf ngayf, giowis truyeenf thoong Myx cos theer banf tans veef voo vanf vaans ddeef chawngr cos chuts quan trongj gif kieeur nhuw “hoon nhaan ddoongf tinhs”, nhuwng nhuwngx vaans ddeef quan trongj lieen quan ddeens vieecj ai ddang khoongs chees chuyeenj phats hanhf tieenf teej hay lowij ichs chi trar lowij tuwcs cacs khoanr vay cas nhaan thif laij haauf nhuw chawngr dduwowcj ddar ddoongj ddeens. Ddocj ddeens ddaay, neeus banj cos camr giacs kinh ngacj,vaans ddeef trowr neen quan trongj, trong khi cos theer banj laij khoong hay bieets. Chuwowng nayf sex nois veef bis maatj cuar vieecj thanhf laapj Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx – vaans ddeef ddax bij giowi truyeenf thoong Myx coos ys “bor qua”. Khi dungf mootj chieecs kinhs hieenr vi soi xets kyx giaay phuts cuoois cungf cuar mootj suwj kieenj trongj ddaij anhr huwowngr ddeens tieens trinhf lichj suwr thees giowis, chungs ta cos theer hieeur rangf, dieenx bieens cuar suwj vieecj sex chinhs xacs ddeens muwcs ta phair laays tieengs tichs tawcs cuar ddoongf hoof lamf ddown vij ddo luwowngf. Ngayf 23 thangs 12 nawm 1913, chinhs phur daan cuwr cuar Myx cuoois cungf ddax bij quyeenf luwcj ddoongf tieenf laatj ddoor.

1. Ddaor Jekill thaanf bys: cais nooi cuar Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx.

Ddeem ngayf 22 thans 11 nawm 1910, mootj ddoanf tauf remf che kins mits chaamj raix tieens veef mieenf Nam. Nhuwngx nguwowif ngooif trong toa tauf ddeeuf laf nhuwngx nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf quan trongj nhaats nuwowcs Myx, vaf khoong mootj ai trong soos hoj bieets dduwowcj mucj ddichs chuyeens ddi nayf. Ddieemr duwngs cuoois cungf cuar toa tauf laf ddaor Jekyll thuoocj bang Georgia xa maays trawm dawmj. Jekyll laf mootj quaanf ddaor thuoocj quyeenf sowr huwux cuar nhaan vaatj giauf cos sieeu hangj owr Myx. Cacs thees luwcj tai to mawtj lowns maf dduwngs ddaauf laf J. P. Morgan ddax thanhf laapj mootj caau lacj

booj ddi sawn treen ddaor Jekyll. Mootj phaanf saus cuar cair thees giowis doonf vaof tay cacs hooij vieen cuar caau lacj booj nayf, vaf tuw cachs hooij vieen chir cos theer kees thuwaf chuws khoong chuyeenr nhuwowngj. Lucs nayf, caau lacj booj nhaanj dduwowcj thoong baos cos nguwowif caanf suwr dungj hooij sowr cuar caau lacj booj nayf trong khoangr hai tuaanf, vaf nhuw vaayj, trong khoangr thowif gian nayf, taats car cacs thanhf vieen khoong dduwowcj pheps suwr dungj hooij sowr. Toanf booj nhaan vieen phucj vuj cuar hooij sowr ddeeuf laf nhuwngx nguwowif dduwowcj boos tris ddeens tuwf ddaats lieenf, vaf khi phucj vuj cacs vij khachs VIP nayf, hoj chir dduwowcj xuwng teen chuws tuyeetj ddoois khoong dduwowcj suwr dungj hoj. Trong phamj vi 50 dawmj, hooij sowr dduwowcj ddamr baor baor rawngf trong xung quanh khoong cos suwj xuaats hieenj cuar baats cuws tay sawn tin naof. Ngay sau khi coong vieecj chuaanr bij hoanf taats, nhuwngx vij khachs nayf bawts ddaauf xuaats hieenj taij hooij sowr. Tham gia hooij nghij tuyeetj maatj nayf cos:

- Nelson Aldrich, Thuwowngj nghij six, Chur tichj Uyr ban tieenf teej quoocs gia (National Monetary Commission), oong ngoaij cuar Nelson Rockefeller.

- A. Piatt Andrew, trowj lys Booj truwowngr Booj taif chinhs Myx. - Frank Vanderlip, Chur tichj National Bank. - Henry P. Davison, coor ddoong cao caaps cuar coong ty J. P.

Morgan. - Charles D. Norton, Chur tichj First National Bank- Benjamin Strong, trowj lys cuar J. P. Morgan.

Ngoaif ra conf cos Paul Warburg – mootj coong daan di cuw goocs Do Thais ddeens tuwf Dduwcs. Nawm 1901, Paul ddeens Myx vaf hunf mootj khoanr voons vaf hunf mootj khoanr voons lowns vaof coong ty Kuhn Leoband. Oong laf ddaij dieenj cuar dongf hoj Rothschild owr Anh vaf Phaps ddoongf thowif ddamr nhaanj chuwcs toongr coong trinhf suw cuar Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx kieem chur tichj ddaauf tieen cuar Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx. Nhuwngx nhaan vaatj quan trongj nayf ddeens honf ddaor nhor vaf heor lanhs maf chawngr cos huwngs thus gif vowis vieecj sawn bawns. Hoj ddeens ddaay vowis mootj nhieemj vuj chur yeeus laf khowir thaor mootj

vawn kieenj quan trongj: Duwj luaatj Duwx truwx Lieen bang (Federal Reserve Act). Paul Warburg laf mootj cao thur veef linhx vuwcj ngaan hangf, tinh thoong haauf nhuw moij khaau nhor torng hoatj ddoongj taif chinhs. Neeus cos ai ddos thawcs mawcs vowis cacs caau hoir caanf giair ddaps, Paul khoong chir nhaanx naij trar lowif maf conf giangr giair khoong ngowts veef nguoonf goocs lichj suwr saau xa cuar tuwngf khais nieemj mootj cachs chi tieets. Ai cungx khaam phucj kieens thuwcs uyeen bacs trong linhx vuwcj ngaan hangf cuar oong. Paul hieenr nhieen trowr thanhf nguwowif khowir thaor ddoongf thowif laf nguwowif giair ddaps moij vaans ddeef trong vieecj xaay duwngj vawn kieenj. Nelson Aldrich laf nguwowif ngoaij ddaoj duy nhaats trong soos nhuwngx nhaan vaatj cos mawtj owr ddaay. Oong ta phuj trachs vieecj chinhr suwar nooij dungj vawn kieenj sao cho phuf howpj vowis yeeu caauf chinhs trij ddeer cos theer dduwowcj chaaps nhaanj owr Quoocs hoij. Nhuwngx nguwowif khacs ddaij dieenj cho lowij ichs cuar cacs taapj ddoanf ngaan hangf khacs nhau. Hoj tieens hanhf tranh luaanj kichj lieetj suoots 9 ngayf lieenf xung quanh chi tieets veef phuwowng ans maf Paul ddeef xuaats, vaf cuoois cungf ddax ddi ddeens thoongs nhaats.Do cuoocj khungr hoangr ngaan hangf nawm 1907 maf hinhf anhr cuar cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf khoong conf maays ddepj ddex trong mawts nguwowif daan Myx. Ddieeuf nayf khieens cho dda soos nghij six quoocs hooij khoong dams coong khai ungr hooj duwj luaatj do cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf tham gia laapj ra. Vif vaayj, nhuwngx nguwowif nayf khoong quanr ngaij dduwowngf xa vanj dawmj, lawnj looij tuwf New York ddeens honf ddaor hoang vawngs nayf ddeer tham gia khowir thaor vawn kieenj. Hown nuwax, cais teen Ngaan hangf trung uwowng nghe cos ver quas khoa truwowng. Tuwf thowif toongr thoons Jefferson ddeens nay, teen goij ngaan hangf trung uwowng ddeeuf cos dinhs dangs ddeens aam muwu cuar cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf quoocs tees Anh, vif thees Paul kieens nghij dungf teen “Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang” (Federal Reverve System) ddeer che tai ddaayj mawts thieen haj. Thees nhuwng, treen thuwcj tees, Cucj Duwtj truwx Lieen bang cos ddaayf ddur moij chuwcs nawng cuar mootj Ngaan hangf trung uwowng, vaf cungx gioongs

nhuw ngaan hangf Anh, Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx dduwowcj thieets kees theo moo hinhf tuw nhaan nawms giuwx coor phaanf, vaf ngaan hangf sex thu dduwowcj lowij ichs raats lowns tuwf vieecj ddos. Ddieeuf khacs bieetj giuwax Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang vaf Ngaan hangf thuws nhaats hay ngaan hangf thuws hai laf, 20% coor phaanf voons cos cuar chinhs phur trong cow caaus cuar Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang ddax bij laays maats, vaf nhuw vaayj, nos sex trowr thanhf mootj ngaan hangf trung uwowng tuw huwux “thuaanf tuys”. Nhawmf che ddaayj banr chaats thuwcj cuar Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx cungx nhuw ddeer trar lowif cho caau hoir ai laf ker khoongs chees cow quan nayf, Paul ddax kheos leos ddeef xuaaats ys kieens: “Quoocs hooij khoongs chees Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx, chinhs phur nawms giuwx vai trof ddaij bieeur trong hooij ddoongf quanr trij, nhuwng ddaij dda soos thanhf vieen cuar hooij ddoongf quanr trij laf do hieepj hooij ngaan hangf truwcj tieeps hoawcj gians tieeps khoongs chees”. Veef sau, trong phieen banr cuoois cungf, Paul ddax ddooir thanhf “thanhf vieen Hooij ddoongf quanr trij do toongr thoongs Myx boor nhieemj”, thees nhuwng, chuwcs nawng thuwcj suwj cuar Hooij ddoongf Tuw vaans Lieen bang (Federal Advisory Coucil) khoongs chees, vaf cungf vowis hooij ddoongf quanr trij, Hooij ddoongf tuw vaans lieen bang sex ddinhj kyf mowr hooij nghij “thaor luaanj” coong vieecj. Thanhf vieen cuar Hooij ddoongf tuw vaans Lieen bang sex do Chur tichj Hooij ddoongf quanr trij cuar 12 ngaan hangf duwj truwx lieen bang quyeets ddinhj. Ddieemr nayf ddax dduwowcj laaps lieems truwowcs coong chungs.Mootj vaans ddeef nan giair khacs maf Paul phair ddoois phos laf lamf thees naof ddeer che giaaus suwj thuwcj rawngf, nhaan vaatj chiuj trachs nhieemj chur trif Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bangf laf mootj chuyeen gia kyf cuwuj cuar ngaan hangf New York. Tuwf thees kyr 19 ddeens nay, vif phair ganhs chiuj nhieeuf thieetj haij do nanj khungr hoangr ngaan hangf gaay neen, haauf heets cacs thuwowng nhaan, chur trang triaj vuwaf vaf nhor cuar mieenf Taay nuwowcs Myx ghets cay ghets ddawngs cacs chuyeen gia ngaan hangf ddeens tuwf mieenf Ddoong. Conf cacs nghij six cuar nhuwngx khu vuwcj nayf cungx khoong theer ungr hooj ngaan hangf trung uwowng neeus nhuw nos dduwowcj chur trif bowir mootj nhaan

vaatj naof ddos tuwf ngaan hangf New York. Vif vaayj maf Paul ddax thieets kees neen mootj phuwowng ans giair quyeets taif tinhf ddeer 12 ngaan hangf ddiaj phuwowng thuoocj Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang cos theer taoj thanhf mootj heej thoongs hoanf haor. Ngoaif giowis ngaan hangf, raats its nguwowif bieets rawngf, veef lys thuyeets, vieecj phats hanhf tieenf teej vaf tins dungj cuar Myx dduwowcj taapj trung owr New York, duf treen thuwcj tees, ddieeuf nayf khoong heef dieenx ra owr New York, vaf manf kichj nayf chawngr qua laf do cacs ngaan hangf thuoocj Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang danf duwngj leen maf thooi. Conf mootj ddieemr nuwax theer hieenj suwj suy nghix saau xa cuar Paul – ddawtj truj sowr Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx taij Washington – trung taam chinhs trij cuar nuwowcs Myx, trong khi New York mowis laf trung taam taif chinhs lowns cuar ddaats nuwowcs nayf. Moois lo ngaij chinhs cuar oong xuaats phats tuwf suwj kyf thij cuar daan chungs ddoois vowis cacs nhaf ngaan hangf ddeens tuwf New York. Ddieeuf baanj taam thuws tuw cuar Paul laf lamf thees naof timf ra nhaan vieen quanr lys cho 12 ngaan hangf ddiaj phuwowng truwcj thuoocj Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx. Kinh nghieemj lamf vieecj trong Quoocs hooij cuar Nelson Aldrich cuoois cungf ddax giups oong timf dduwowcj ddaats dungj vox. Oong chir ra rawngf, cacs nghij six mieenf trung taay nuwowcs Myx thuwowngf tor rox suwj thuf ddichj vowis ngaan hangf New York, vaf ddeer tranhs maats kieemr soats, toongr thoongs phair laf nguwowif dduwngs ra boor nhieemj vij tris chur tichj ngaan hangf ddiaj phuwowng vaf ddos khoong phair laf nhieemj vuj cuar Quoocs hooij. Nhuwng ddieeuf nayf ddax taoj neen motj loox hoongr phaps luaatj. Ddieeuf 8 chuwowng 1 cuar Hieens phaps Myx quy ddinhj rox rangf rawngf, Quoocs hooij chiuj trachs nhieemj phuj trachs vieecj quanr lys vaf phats hanhf tieenf teej. Vieecj Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang gatj Quoocs hooij ra ngoaif rox rangf ddax vi phamj Hieens phaps. Veef sau, quar nhieen ddieemr nayf ddax trowr thanhf cais cows ddeer cacs nghij six chiax muix duif coong kichs Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx. Sau khi danf xeeps chu ddaos, duwj luaatj nayf nghieemx nhieen xuaats hieenj duwowis hinhf thuwcs moo phongr theo suwj phaan quyeenf vaf caan bawngf kieemr soats cuar hieens phaps Myx. Toongr thoongs boor nhieemj, Quoocs hooij thaamr duyeetj, nhaan six ddoocj laapj nhaanj

chuwcs chur tichj Hooij ddoongf quanr trij, conf cacs ngaan hangf ddamr nhaanj vij tris coos vaan, quar laf mootj thieets kees hoanf haor!

2. Bayr nhaf taif phieetj phoos Wall: Nhuwngx nguwowif ddieeuf khieenr haauj truwowngf cuar Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang

Bayr nhaan vaatj quan trongj cuar phoos Wall hieenj taij ddax khoongs chees ddaij booj phaanj cacs nganhf coong nghieepj cow banr cungx nhuw nguoonf voons cur Myx, bao gioomf: J. P. Morgan, James J. Hill, George Berk (Chur tichj First National Bank) truwcj thuoocj Taapj ddaonf Morgan; boongs nguwowif conf laij goomf John Rockerfeller, William Rockerfeller, James Stillman (Chur tichj National City Bank), Jacob Schiff (coong ty Kuhn Loeb) truwcj thuoocj taapj ddoanf Standard Oil Cities Bank. Ddaauf moois trung taam veef voons do hoj taoj neen ddang trowr thanhf thees luwcj chur yeeus khoongs chees nuwowcs Myx (2) (John Moody, The Seven Men, McClure's Magazine, 8/1911, tr. 418). John Moody – nguwowif sangs laapj heej thongs ddanhs gias ddaauf tuw Moody nooir tieens , 1911. Bayr vij tai to mawtj lowns cuar phoos Wall chinhs laf nhuwngx nguwowif thuwcj suwj ddieeuf khieenr vieecj thanhf laapj Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx. Suwj phoois howpj nhipj nhangf bis maatj giuwax hoj vowis gia toocj Rothschild cuar chaau Aau cuoois cungf ddax taoj neen mootj phieen banr ngaan hangf Anh taij Myx.

3. Suwj ra ddowif vaf phats trieenr cuar dongf hoj MorganTieenf thaan cuar ngaan hangf Morgan laf coong ty George Peabody cuar Anh voons khoong dduwowcj nhieeuf nguwowif bieets ddeens. George Peabody voons laf mootj thuwowng gia chuyeen buoon hoa quar saays khoo cuar vungf Baltimore (Myx). Sau khi phaats leen nhowf mootj soos thuwowng vuj nhor, vaof nawm 1835, George ddeens London. Changf thuwowng gia nhaanj thaays nganhf taif chinhs laf mootj linhx vuwcj beos bowr, benf quyeets ddinhj hunf voons vowis mootj soos nguwowif nuwax ddeer mowr cuwar hangf Merchant Bank. Ddaay laf mootj nghieepj vuj “taif chinhs cao caaps” raats howpj thowif khi ddos, khachs hangf chur yeeus bao goomf chinhs phur, cacs coong ty lowns vaf nhuwngx nguwowif raats giauf cos. Hoj cung caaps cacs khoanr vay thuwowng maij quoocs tees, phats hanhf coor phieeus vaf coong trais,

kinh doanh cacs loaij hangf hoas chur luwcj, vaf ddaay chinhs laf tieenf thaan cuar ngaan hangf ddaauf tuw ngayf nay. Thoong qua suwj giowis thieeuj cuar coong ty anh em nhaf Brown thuoocj chi nhanhs Anh, George Peabody ddax nhanh chongs ra nhaapj vaof giowis taif chinhs Anh. Khoong laau sau, George Peabody heets suwcs kinh ngacj khi nhaanj dduwowcj thuw mowif ddeens duwj tieecj tuwf nam tuwowcs Nathan Rothschild. Ddoois vowis changf thuwowng gia trer nayf thif vinh hanhj ddos chawngr khacs naof nieemf kieeu hanhx cuar mootj tins ddoof Thieen Chuas giaos dduwowcj Giaos hoangf tieeps kieens. Nathan ddax ddi thawngf vaof vaans ddeef bawngf vieecj ddeef nghij George Peabody giups minhf lamf ddaij dieenj giao tees bis maatj cuar dongf hoj Rothschild. Tuy nooir tieengs laf giauf cos vowis khoois luwowngj taif sanr khoongr loof, song dongf hoj Rothschild vaanx bij nhieeuf nguwowif owr chaau Aau cawm ghets vaf coi thuwowngf vif luwaf gatj cuwowngx ddoatj taif sanr cuar daan chungs. Taangf lowps quys toocj owr London voons khoong themf soongs chung cungf hangf ngux vowis Nathan, ddax nawm laanf bayr luwowtj thawngr thuwngf tuwf choois lowif mowif cuar anh em dongf hoj nayf. Duf ddax taoj ra thees luwcj raats manhj owr Anh, nhuwng gia toocj Rothschild luoon cos camr giacs cuar ker ngooif “chieeus duwowis” vif bij giowis quys toocj coo laapj. Mootj nguyeen nhaan khacs khieens Nathan chonj George Peabody vif oong ta laf nguwowif khieem toons nhax nhawnj, tuw cachs khas toots, laij laf nguwowif Myx, sau nayf conf cos theer dungf vaof vieecj lowns. Dduwowng nhieen George Peaboy hoof howir ddons nhaanj lowif ddeef nghij cuar Nathan. Toanf booj kinh phis giao tees ddeeuf do Nathan chi trar, coong ty cuar George Peabody nhanh chongs trowr thanhf trung taam giao tees nooir tieengs London. Ddawcj bieetj vaof ngayf 4 thangs 7 hangf nawm, tieecj muwngf nhaan ngayf leex ddoocj laapj nuwowcs Myx ddeeuf dduwowcj toor chuwcs taij nhaf George Peabody vaf trowr thanhf mootj suwj kieenj quan trongj trong giowis quys toocj London (2a) (2a) John Moody, The Seven Men, McClure's Magazine, 8/1911, tr. 418. Ddams khachs khuwas cungx khos maf hinhf dung nooir, vif sao maf mootj doanh nhaan heets suwcs binhf thuwowngf maays nawm truwowcs

laij cos theer cangs ddangs nooir nhuwngx khoanr phis chieeu ddaix trong nhuwngx buwax tieecj hoanhf trangs vaf xa xir kia. Maix ddeens nawm 1854, George Peabody vaanx chir laf mootj oong chur ngaan hangf nhor vowis khoanr taif sanr trij gias mootj trieeuj bangr Anh. Tuy nhieen, chir trong thowif gian 6 nawm ngawns nguir ddos, khoois taif sanr cuar vij thuwong gia nayf ddax ddatj muwcs 20 trieeuj bangr Anh vaf bieens oong trowr thanhf oong chur nhaf bawng cos maus mawtj owr Myx. Trong thowif gian dieenx ra cuoocj khungr hoangr kinh tees nawm 1857 taij Myx do dongf hoj Rothschild giaatj daay, George Peabody ddax doocs heets tieenf ddaauf tuw vaof coong trais dduwowngf sawts vaf coong trais chinhs phur Myx trong khi cacs oong chur nhaf bawng Anh ddootj nhieen bans toongs bans thaos taats car coong trais dinhs dangs ddeens Myx. Cungx trong giai ddoanj nayf, George Peabody laam vaof canhr khos khawn nghieem trongj. Ddieeuf kyf laj laf khi George maaps mes been bowf vuwcj phas sanr, Ngaan hangf Anh gioongs nhuw thieen suws tuwf treen trowif rowi xuoongs ddax ngay laapj tuwcs cung caaps cho oong ta mootj khoanr vay tins dungj trij gias 800. 000 bangr Anh. Chinhs ddieeuf nayf ddax giups George phucj hooif nhanh chongs. Vaf thees laf, chawngr hieeur sao, mootj nguwowif caanr trongj nhuw George Peabody laij quyeets ddinhj mua vaof mootj luwowngj lowns cacs loaij coong trais ddang bij cacs nhaf ddaauf tuw Myx bans ddoor bans thaos nhuw racs ruwowir. Cuoocj khungr hoangr nawm 1857 hoanf toanf khoong gioongs vowis cuoocj suy thoais nawm 1837. Chir trong mootj nawm thif neenf kinh tees Myx ddax thoats khoir bongs maay cuar suwj suy thoais. Keets quar laf cacs loaij coong trais Myx ddax giups oong nhanh chongs trowr thanhf nguwowif sieeu giauf cos – mootj vieecj xayr ra tuwowng tuwj vowis chieens dichj coong trais Anh cuar Nathan nawm 1815 khieens nguwowif ta khieeps ddamr. Vif George Peaboy khoong cos con noois doix neen sanr nghieepj khoongr loof kia cungx khoong cos ai thuwaf kees. Chinhs vif thees maf oong raats khoor taam vaf cuoois cungf quyeets ddinhj mowif changf trai trer tuooir Junius Morgan nhaapj hooij lamf awn. Sau khi George nghir huwu, Junius Morgan ddax nawms giuwx toanf booj vieecj lamf awn vaf ddooir teen coong ty nayf thanhf Junius S. Morgan and Company, sau ddos ddooir teen chi nhanhs owr Myx thanhf J. P. Morgan and Company.

Nawm 1869, trong cuoocj hopj mawtj owr London vowis gia toocj Rothschild, dongf hoj Morgan ddax hoanf toanf kees thuwaf moois quan heej cuar George Peabody vowis gia toocj Rothschild vaf dduwa moois quan heej howpj tacs nayf phats trieenr leen mootj taamf cao mowis. Nawm 1880, J. P. Morgan ddaauf tuw mootj luwowngj voons lowns nhawmf toor chuwcs laij hoatj ddoongj kinh doanh cuar coong ty dduwowngf sawts. Ngayf 5 thangs 2 nawm 1891, gia toocj Rothschild vaf mootj soos ngaan hangf khacs owr Anh ddax thanhf laapj mootj toor chuwcs bis maatj laays teen laf “Taapj ddoanf hooij nghij banf tronf”. Owr Myx, mootj toor chuwcs tuwowng tuwj cungx dduwowcj thanhf laapj, dduwngs ddaauf chinhs laf dongf hoj Morgan. Sau chieens tranh thees giowis thuws nhaats, “Taapj ddoanf hooij nghij banf tronf” cuar Myx dduwowcj ddooir teen thanhf “Hooij ddoongf ddoois ngoaij” (Council on Foreign Relations), conf owr Anh thif ddooir thanhf “Vieenj Hoangf gia veef Quan heej quoocs tees” (Royal Institute of Ingernational Affairs). Raats nhieeuf quan chuwcs cuar chinhs phur Anh vaf Myx ddeeuf laf nhuwngx nguwowif dduwowcj luwaj chonj tuwf hai hieepj hooij nayf. Nawm 1899, J. P. Morgan vaf Drexel ddeens London tham gia ddaij hooij cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf quoocs tees. Ngay khi trowr veef, J. P. Morgan ddax dduwowcj chir ddinhj lamf ddaij dieenj cao caaps cho lowij ichs cuar dongf hoj Rothschild owr Myx. Hooij nghij London ddi ddeens mootj thoongs nhaats rawngf, cacs coong ty J. P. Morgan (New York), Drexel (Philadenphia), Grefell (London), Morgan Harjes Cire (Paris), M. M. Warburg Company (Dduwcs) vaf Myx , gawns keets hoanf toanf vowis dongf hoj Rothschild (3) (William Guy Carr, Nhuwngx con toots trong trof chowi (Pawns In The Game), 1978). Nawm 1901, J. P. Morgan ddax mua laij coong ty gang theps Myx (United States Steel Corporation) cos gias thij truwowngf hown 1 tyr USD. J. P. Morgan dduwowcj coi laf nguwowif giauf nhaats treen thees giowis thowif ddos, thees nhuwng, cawn cuws theo baos caos cuar uyr ban kinh tees laam thowif quoocs gia (Temporaty National Economic Committee), oong ta chir nawms 9% coor phaanf cuar coong ty minhf. Xem ra, Morgan vowis tieengs tawm luwngf laayx vaanx chir laf mootj nhaan vaatj dieenx truwowcs saan khaaus.

4. Rockefeller: Vua daauf mor

John Rockefeller cha laf mootj nhaan vaatj its nhieeuf gaay tranh caix trong lichj suwr nuwowcs Myx, bij thieen haj chupj mux laf “nguwowif maus lanhj”. Teen tuooir cuar oong gaanf lieenf vowis coong ty daauf mor nooir tieengs thees giowis. Vieecj buoon bans daauf mor cuar John Rockefeller bawts ddaauf tuwf thowif kyf nooij chieens Myx (1861- 1865), vaf maix ddeens nawm 1870, khi coong ty daauf mor dduwowcj thanhf laapj thif quy moo lamf awn cuar oong vaanx thuoocj vaof hangf thuwowngf baacj trung. Sau khi nhaanj dduwowcj mootj khoanr cho vay cow banr cuar ngaan hangf ddoo thij quoocs gia Cleveland, trong nhays mawts, duwowngf nhuw Rockefeller ddax timf dduwowcj camr giacs ddichs thuwcj cuar minhf. Dax taam canhj tranh theo luaatj ruwngf cuar nhaf taif phieetj nayf ddax vuwowtj xa suwcs tuwowngr tuwowngj cuar moij nguwowif. Nhaanj thaays nganhf coong nghieepj luyeenj daauf raats cos trieenr vongj toots vowis muwcs lowij nhuaanj ngawns hanj raats cao, nhuwng Rockefeller cungx ddoongf thowif nhinf thaays mootj suwj thaatj hieenr nhieen: ddos laf suwj canhj tranh trong linhx vuwcj nayf dieenx ra kichj lieetj maf khoong cos suwj kieemr soats, vif thees, sowms hay muoonj, cacs doanh nghieepj tham gia vaof cuoocj chowi nayf sex rowi vaof canhr canhj tranh theo kieeur tuwj sats. Vaf ddeer toonf taij, chir cos duy nhaats mootj cachs: tieeu dieetj ddoois thur canhj tranh bawngf moij gias, khoong tuwf baats cuws thur ddoanj naof. Truwowcs heets, Rockefeller khoongs chees coong ty trung gian nhuwng khoong ddeer cho ai bieets rawngf minhf ddax ddeef xuaats mua laij ddoois thur canhj tranh vowis gias thaaps. Neeus cuwj tuyeetj, ddoois thur canhj tranh sex phair ddoois mawtj vowis cuoocj chieens gias thamr khoocs, cho ddeens khi ddoois thur khuaats phucj hoawcj phas sanr mowis thooi. Neeus khoong hieeuj quar, sau cungf Rockefeller sex suwr dungj ddeens chieeu sowr truwowngf cuar minhf – baoj luwcj: ddanhs coong nhaan cuar ddoois thur canhj tranh, phongs hoar thieeu ruij nhaf xuwowngr cuar ddoois thur. Sau maays hieepj nhuw vaayj, soos ddoois thur may mawns soongs sots chir conf ddeems treen ddaauf ngons tay. Tuy ddax gaay neen suwj cawm phaanx trong giowis kinh doanh, nhuwng hanhf vi lungx ddoanj nayf cuar Rockefeller cungx ddem laij huwngs thus cao ddooj cho cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf owr New York.

Dongf hoj Rothschild vaanx muoons timf moij cachs khoongs chees nuwowcs Myx ddang ngayf cangf lowns manhj. Tuy nhieen, nhuwngx manhs khoes cuar hoj toocj nayf sowms muoonj ddeeuf thaats baij. Vieecj khoongs chees mootj vuwowng quoocs owr chaau Aau ddown gianr hown raats nhieeuf so vowis vieecj khoongs chees mootj chinhs phur daan cuwr. Sau cuoocj nooij chieens cuar Myx, dongf hoj Rothschild bawts ddaauf sawpx xeeps kees hoachj khoongs chees Myx. Veef taif chinhs thif ddax cos coong ty Morgan vaf coong ty Kuhn Loeb, conf trong giowis coong nghieepj vaanx chuwa cos ai thichs howpj. Nhuwngx gif maf Rockefeller lamf ddax thawps leen mootj tia hy vongj cho dongf hoj Rothschild. Neeus nhuw dduwowcj tieeps theem mootj luwowngj taif chinhs lowns thif thuwcj luwcj cuar Rockefeller sex vuwowtj raats xa so vowis mootj vungf Cleveland nho nhor. Rothschild ddax suwr dungj Jacob Schiff cuar coong ty Kuhn Loeb – mootj chieens luwowcj gia quan trongj nhaatsb cuar hoj veef taif chinhs owr Myx – tham gia vaof kes hoachj nayf. Nawm 1875, Jacob Schiff thaan chinh ddeens Cleveland ddeer chir cho Rockefeller cachs thuwcs trieenr khai buwowcs tieeps theo trong kees hoachj khoongs chees nuwowcs Myx. Cungf vowis suwj xuaats hieenj cuar Jacob Schiff, mootj ddieeuf may mawns khacs cungx ddeens vowis Rockefeller maf cos nawmf mow oong ta cungx khoong dams nghix ddeens: thoong qua ngaan hangf Morgan vaf coong ty Kuhn Loeb, Rothschile ddax khoongs chees 95% thij phaanf vaanj chuyeenr dduwowngf sawts Myx, ddoongf thowif Jacob Schiff ddang cos duwj ddinhj thanhf laapj coong ty South Improvement Company nhawmf cung caaps dichj vuj vaanj chuyeenr gias rer cho coong ty daauf mor cuar Rockefeller, maf duwowis suwj khoongs chees gias cuwowcs vaanj chuyeenr nayf, chawngr cos maays coong ty luyeenj daauf cos theer tieeps tucj sinh toonf. Raats nhanh chongs, Rockefeller ddax lungx ddoanj hoanf toanf nganhf daauf mor cuar Myx, trowr thanhf “Vua daauf mor” thaatj suwj car nghiax dden laanx nghiax bongs.

5. Jacob Schiff: Chieens luwowcj gia taif chinhs cuar RothschildMoois quan heej thaan thieets giuwax hai dongf hoj Rothschild vaf Schiff cos theer dduwowcj truy nguwowcj veef nawm 1875, khi Rothschild cha

chuyeenr ddeens mootj toaf dinh thuwj nawm taangf owr Frankfurt, vaf trong nhieeuf nawm lieenf soongs chung vowis dongf hoj Schiff.Cungf laf cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf goocs Do Thais owr Dduwcs neen hai dongf hoj nayf cos moois quan heej huwux haor keos daif hangf trawm nawm. Nawm 1865, tronf 18 tuooir, Jacob Schiff ddeens Myx sau mootj thowif gian thuwcj taapj owr ngaan hangf Rothschild (Anh). Sau khi toongr thoongs Lincoln bij ams sats, Jacob lamf kees toans cho cacs ngaan hangf chaau Aau cuar Myx, ddoongf thowif cungf thucs ddaayr vieecj xaay duwngj chees ddooj ngaan hangf trung uwowng tuw huwux cuar Myx. Mootj mucj ddichs khacs cuar Jacob chinhs laf phats hieenj, booif duwowngx kieens thuwcs cho ddaij dieenj ngaan hangf chaau Aau, ddoongf thowif dduwa hoj gia nhaapj vaof cacs vij tris quan trongj nhuw chinhs phur, toaf ans, ngaan hangf, coong nghieepj, ddeer chowf thowif cow. Ngayf 1 thangs 1 nawm 1875, Jacob lieen keets vowis coong ty Kuhn Loeb vaf trowr thanhf thanhf vieen chur choots cuar coong ty. Duwowis suwj ungr hooj cuar ddees chees Rothschild hungf manhj, cuoois cungf coong ty Kuhn Loeb ddax trowr thanhf mootj trong nhuwngx ngaan hangf ddaauf tuw nooir tieengs nhaats cuoois thees kyr 19 vaf ddaauf thees kyr 20.

6. James J. Hill: Vua dduwowngf sawsXaay duwngj dduwowngf sawts alf nganhf coong nghieepj quan trongj ddoif hoir nguoonf taif chinhs lowns. Suwj phats trieenr cuar nganhf coong nghieepj dduwowngs sawts khoongr loof taij Myx chur yeeus duwaj vaof nguoonf tieenf tuwf thij truwowngf voons cuar Anh vaf cacs quoocs gia khacs owr chaau Aau. Khoongs chees vieecj phats hanhf coong trais dduwowngf sawts Myx owr chaau Aau chinhs laf thur ddoanj cuar cacs nhaf taif phieetj nhawmf nawms giuwx soos phaanj cuar nganhf coong nghieepj nayf. Nawm 1873, cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf quoocs tees ddootj ngootj sieets chawtj nguoonf taif chinhs ddoois vowis Myx ddoongf thowif bans thaos coong trais cuar nuwowcs nayf. Ddieeuf ddos khieens cho coong trais dduwowngs sawts Myx laam vaof canhr chowj chieeuf. Ngay khi cuoocj khungr hoangr keets thucs vaof nawm 1879, dongf hoj Rothschild

laapj tuwcs trowr thanhf chur nowj lowns nhaats cuar nganhf dduwowngf sawts Myx. Chir caanf cao huwngs mootj chuts, nhaf taif phieetj nayf cos theer bops cheets machj maus taif chinhs cuar baats kyf coong ty dduwowngf sawts naof cuar Myx. Trong boois canhr ddos, James J. Hill – mootj thuwowng gia khowir nghieepj vowis ngheef vaanj chuyeenr dduwowngf sawts bawngf howi nuwowcs vaf than ddaas – buoocj longf phair ddaauf quaan duwowis truwowngs cuar cacs nhaf taif chinhs ddeer cos theer sinh toonf vaf lowns manhj trong suj canhj tranh khoocs lieetj cuar nganhf dduwowng sawts. Morgan chinhs laf choox duwaj taif chinhs ddoois vowis oong ta. Vowis suwj ungr hooj cuar Morgan, James J. Hill ddax thuwcj hieenj kees hoachj thoon tinhs hangf loatj coong ty dduwowngf sawts ddang laam vaof canhr phas sanr sau cuoocj khungr hoangr nawm 1873. Ddeens nawm 1893, giaacs mow dduwowcj nawms giuwx nganhf dduwowngf sawts xuyeen Myx cuar James J. Hill cuoois cungf ddax trowr thanhf hieenj thuwcj. Khi tranh gianhf quyeenf khoongs chees dduwowngf sawts mieenf Taay, James J. Hill ddax gawpj phair mootj ddoois thur raats manhj – Lieen hieepj dduwowngf sawts Thais Binhf Duwowng (Union Pacific Railroad) do Taapj ddoanf taif cinhs Rockefeller ddowx ddaauf. Lieen hieepj nayf ddax baats ngowf taans coong oong trumf vaanj tair dduwowngf sawts bawngf vieecj bis maatj thu mua coor phieeus cuar coong ty Nothern Pacific do Jamej J. Hill kieemr soats. Khi phats hieenj ra vaans ddeef thif James J. Hill ddax sawps maats quyeenf kieemr soats coong ty. Oong ta laapj tuwcs caauf vieenj khaanr caaps nhaf taif phieetj Morgan lucs nayf ddang trong kyf nghir mats owr chaau Aau. Morgan laapj tuwcs ra leenhj cho thuoocj haj phanr kichs laij suwj khieeu chieens cuar Rockefeller. Trong mootj thowif gian daif, thij truwowngf coor phieeus phoos Wall nhuw leen cown soots, nhaf ddaauf tuw tranh nhau mua coor phieeus cuar Coong ty dduwowngf sawts Nothern Pacific nhuw awn mayf cuwowps chaos this khieens mooix coor phieeus cos khi ddax nhayr leen muwcs 1.000 USD. Hai con hoor ddanhs nhau awts cos con bij thuwowng, cuoois cungf nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf quoocs tees buoocj phair ddieeuf ddinhf. Keets quar laf, Coong ty coor phaanf chuwngs khoans mieenf Bawcs (Northern Securities Company) dduwowcj thanhf laapj, hai con hoor

cungf nhau kieemr soats nganhf vaanj chuyeenr dduwowngs sawts Bawcs Myx. Ngay trong ngayf thanhf laapj coong ty nayf, toongr thoongs McKinley bij ams sat, Phos toongr thoong Roosevelt cha leen kees nhieemj. Duwowis suwj phanr ddoois quyeets lieetj cuar Roosevelt cha, Coong ty chuwngs khoans mieenf Bawcs bij “Ddaoj luaatj choongs ddoocj quyeenf” – ddaoj luaatj dduwowcj Quoocs hooij Myx thoong qua nawm 1890 – cuwowngx chees giair theer. Sau ddos James J. Hill quay huwowngs ddaauf tuw veef phias Nam, nuoots gonj nganhf vaanj chuyeenr dduwowngf sawts tuwf Colorado thawngr ddeens Texas. Ddeens khi qua ddowif vaof nawm 1916, James J. Hill ddax tichs gops dduowwcj mootj taaif sanr leen ddeens 53 trieeuj USD.

7. Anh em nhaf WarburgNawm 1902, hai anh em nhaf Paul vaf Felix tuwf Frankfurt (Dduwcs) di cuw sang Myx. Hai changf trai nayf xuaats thaan trong mootj gia ddinhf cos truyeenf thoongs veef nganhf ngaan hangf, raats tinh thoong trong linhx vuwcj nayf, ddawcj bieetj laf Paul, nguwowif dduwowcj goij laf cao thur trong giowis taif chinhs thowif ddos. Rothschild tor ra raats xem trongj taif nawng cuar Paul neen ddax ddawcj phais hai anh em tuwf ngaan hangf cuar dongf hoj Warburg (M. M. Warburg and Co) ddeens Myx voons lucs nayf ddang raats caanf nhaan taif. Lucs nayf, dongf hoj Rothschild thucs ddaayr kees hoachj ngaan hangf trung uwowng tuw huwux owr Myx ddax gaanf car trawm nawm, sutj suif nhieeuf phen maf chuwa dduwowcj nhuw ys. Laanf nayf, Paul sex ddamr nhaanj nhieemj vuj chur coong. Sau khi ddeens Myx dduwowcj mootj thowif gian, Paul ddax keets giao vowis coong ty Kuhn Loeb cuar Jacob Schiff, ddoongf thowif cuwowis con gais cuar vowj choongf Schiff, conf Felix cungx ddax cuwowis mootj coo con gais khacs cuar Schiff. Coloney Ely Garrison – coos vaans taif chinhs suoots hai ddowif toongr thoongs Roosevelt (cha) vaf Wilson ddax nhaanj xets rawgnf: “Aldrich ddang gawpj phair suwj phanr ddoois treen toanf quoocs, chinhs ngaif Paul Warburg ddax cow caaus laij ddeef ans Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx. Tris tueej thieen taif ddawngf sau kees hoachj nayf ddeeuf bawts nguoonf tuwf Alfred Rothschild cuar London” (4) (Eustace Mullins, Bis maatj cuar Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang (The Secrets of the Federal Reserve) - John McLlaughlin 1993, Chuwowng 3).

8. Tuyeens tieenf tieeu cuar vieecj xaay duwngj Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx: Cuoocj khungr hoangr ngaan hangf nawm 1907

Nawm 1903, Paul ddem cuwowng linhx hanhf ddoongj vowis cacs chir daanx cachs thuwcs aps dungj nhuwngx “kinh nghieemj tieen tieens” cuar cacs ngaan hangf trung uwowng chaau Aau ddeens nuwowcs Myx vaf trao cho Jacob Schiff. Sau ddos, taif lieeuj nayf dduwowcj trao cho James Stillman – CEO cuar National Bank (sau nayf laf ngaan hangf Hoa Kyf) vaf nhoms cacs ngaan hangf cuar New York. Moij nguwowif ddeeuf camr thaays nhuw dduwowcj khi sangs nhowf tuw tuwowngr cuar Paul. Vaans ddeef laf suwj phanr ddoois cuar daan chungs ddoois vowis ngaan hangf trung uwowng tuw nhaan tawng leen raats manhj. Giowis coong nghieepj cungx nhuw chur cacs doanh nghieepj vuwaf vaf nhor raats acs camr vowis cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf New York. Baats cuws vaans ddeef naof cos lieen quan ddeens ngaan hangf trung uwowng tuw nhaan do cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf ddeef xuaats ddeeuf bij cacs nghij six quoocs hooij tranhs nes gioongs nhuw tranhs beenhj truyeenf nhieemx vaayj. Trong mootj baauf khoong khis khos chiuj mang ddaamj khoong khis chinhs trij nhuw vaayj, vieecj thoong qua ddeef ans ngaan hangf trung uwowng nhawmf taoj ra lowij thees cho cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf quar thaatj laf mootj ddieeuf voo cungf khos khawn. Ddeer xoay chuyeenr tinhf thees baats lowij, mootj cuoocj khungr hoangr taif chinhs khoongr loof ddax bawts ddaauf dduwowcj nghix ddeens. Truwowcs heets, trong duw luaanj bawts ddaauf xuaats hieenj nhuwngx khais nieemj taif chinhs mowis. Ngayf 6 thangs 1 nawm 1907, mootj baif vieets cuar Paul vowis tieeu ddeef “Khuyeets ddieemr vaf nhu caauf cuar heej thoongs ngaan hangf chungs ta” (Ddfects and Need of Our Banking System) ddax dduwowcj coong boos ddeer rooif tuwf ddaay, Paul trowr thanhf nguwowif coor suys hangf ddaauf cho chees ddooj ngaan hangf trung uwowng owr Myx. Khoong laau sau ddos, taij hooij nghij danhf cho cacs thuwowng gia New York, Jacob Schiff ddax tuyeen boos rawngf “neeus khoong ddur suwcs kieemr soats nguoonf voons tins dungj, ngaan hangf trung uwowng cuar chungs ta sex phair trair qua mootj cuoocj khungr hoangr taif chinhs ghee gowms owr taamf anhr huwowngr roongj nhaats (5) (Paul M Warburg,

Nhuwowcj ddieemr vaf nhu caauf cuar heej thoongs ngaan ahngf cuar chungs ta (Defects and Needs of our Banking System), 1907).Gioongs nhuw thowif kyf 1837, 1857, 1873, 1884 vaf 1893, cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf ddax sowms nhinf ra hieenj tuwowngj bong bongs xuaats hieenj trong suwj phats trieenr quas nongs cuar neenf kinh tees, vaf ddaay cungx laf keets quar taats yeeu cuar vieecj khoong nguwngf nowis longr vongf quay luwu chuyeenr tieenf teej. Nois mootj cachs hinhf tuwowngj, toanf booj quas trinhf nayf gioongs nhuw vieecj nuooi cas trong hoof. Vieecj chees nuwowcs vaof hoof cas cungx gioongs nhuw chuyeenj nowis longr vongf quay luwu chuyeenr tieenf teej hay bowm mootj luwowngj lowns tieenf vaof neenf kinh tees. Sau khi nhaanj dduwowcj mootj luwowngj lowns tieenf dduwowcj bowm vaof nayf, duwowis suwj mee hoawcj cuar tieenf bacj, cacs nganhf cacs giowis bawts ddaauf ngayf ddeem khoor sowr, noox luwcj sangs taoj ra cuar cair, vaf quas trinhf nayf gioongs nhuw vieecj cas trong hoof ra suwcs haaps thuj cacs thanhf phaanf dinh duwowngx ddeer ngayf cangf beos maapj. Khi nhaanj thaays thowif cow thu nhaapj ddax chins muooif, cacs nhaf ngaan hangf sex ddootj ngootj sieets chawtj vongf quay luwu chuyeenr tieenf teej, ruts canj nuwowcs trong hoof, vaf phaanf lowns cas trong hoof lucs nayf chir bieets tuyeetj vongj chowf ddowij giaay phuts bij toms gonj. Nhuwng chir cos cacs oong trumf ngaan hangf lowns nhaats mowis bieets dduwowcj ddaau laf thowif ddieemr bawts ddaauf huts nuwowcs vowts cas. Ngay sau khi mootj quoocs gia thanhf laapj chees ddooj ngaan hangf trung uwowng tuw nhaan, vieecj kieemr soats quas trinhf huts nuwowcs howts cas cuar ddams taif phieetj ngaan hangf laij cangf trowr neen deex dangf hown bao giowf heets. Quy trinhf phats trieenr, suy thoais kinh tees, tichs luyx vaf boocs howi taif sanr ddeeuf laf keets quar taats yeeus tuwf vieecj “nuooi duwowngx” mootj cachs khoa hocj cuar cacs nhaf ngaan hangf. Morgan vaf cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf quoocs tees sau luwng oong ta ddax tinhs toans mootj cachs chinhs xacs thanhf quar duwj tinhs cuar cown baox taps taif chinhs laanf nayf. Truwowc heet laf trof “rung caay doaj khir”, lamf chaans ddoongj xax hooij Myx, ddeer “thuwcj tees” chir rox rawngf mootj xax hooij khoong cos ngaan hangf trung uwowng

sex yeeus owts ddeens thees naof. Tieeps ddeens laf trof bops nghetj vaf sats nhaapj cacs ddoois thur canhj tranh vuwaf vaf nhor, ddawcj bieetj laf nhuwngx coong ty ddaauf tuw uyr thacs mua bans, khieens cacs ngaan hangf camr thaays khos chiuj. Cacs coong ty ddaauf tuw uyr thacs thowif ddos ddang nawms giuwx nhieeuf nghieepj vuj ngaan hangf khoong theer cos, trong khi ddos, chinhs phur laij heets suwcs thoong thoangs veef mawtj quanr lys. Taats car nhuwngx ddieeuf nayf khieens cho cacs coong ty ddaauf tuw uyr thacs ra tay huts nguoonf voons xax hooij vaf ddaauf tuw vaof cacs nganhf ngheef cos ruir ro cao hay thij truwowngf coor phieeus. Ddeens khi cuoocj khungr hoangr bungf phats vaof thangs 10 nawm 1907, khoangr mootj nuwar cacs khoanr guwir ngaan hangf owr New York ddeeuf bij cacs coong ty ddaauf tuw uyr thacs gans nowj vowis laix suaats cao ddeer ddaauf tuw vaof thij truwowngf coor phieeus vaf coong trais cos muwcs ruir ro cao, vaf nhuw vaayj, car thij truwowngf taif chinhs rowi vaof trangj thais ddaauf cow tootj ddooj. Trong suoots maays thangs truwowcs thowif gian nayf, Morgan lieen tucj ddi “nghir mats” giuwax London vaf Paris. Theo suwj hoachj ddinhj coong phu cuar cacs nhaf taif chinhs quoocs tees, Morgan trowr veef Myx. Khoong laau sau, owr New York boongx nhieen cos tin ddoonf rawngf Knickerbocker Trust- mootj coong ty uyr thacs mua bans lowns thuws ba nuwowcs Myx – sawps phas sanr. Lowif ddoonf ddaij nhuw virus ddoocj haij lan ra khawps New York vowis toocs ddooj chongs mawtj. Nhuwngx nguwowif cos taif khoanr tieets kieemj owr ngaan hangf voo cungf hoangr sowj chen chucs nhau xeeps hangf suoots sangs thaau ddeem truwowcs cuwar cacs coong ty uyr thacs ddeer chowf ruts heets tieenf trong taif khoanr cuar hoj. Conf ngaan hangf thif yeeu caauf cacs coong ty uyr thacs nayf phair laapj tuwcs hoanf nowj. Do phair ddoois mawtj vowis suwcs eps tuwf hai phias neen cacs coong ty ddaauf tuw uyr thacs chir conf bieets cachs vay tieenf thij truwowngf coor phieeus (Margin Loan), laix suaats vay trong nhays mawts ddax nhayr leen muwcs 150%. Ddeens ngayf 24 thangs 10, giao dichj thij truwowngf coor phieeus haauf nhuw rowi vaof trangj thais ddongs bawng.

Lucs nayf, Morgan xuaats hieenj vowis booj mawtj cuar mootj vij chuas cuwus thees. Vij chur tichj Sowr Giao dichj chuwngs khoans New York timf ddeens phongf lamf vieecj cuar Morgan caauf cuwus. Vowis giongj run raayr, oong ta cho Morgan bieets rawngf neeus truwowcs 3 giowf chieeuf maf khoong taapj trung ddur 25 trieeuj USD thif its nhaats 50 doanh nghieepj sex phas sanr, vaf ngoaif vieecj ddongs cuwar swr giao dichj ra, oong ta khoong conf luwaj chonj naof khacs. Hai giowf chieeuf, Morgan trieeuj taapj khaanr caaps hooij nghij cacs nhaf ngaan hangf, vaf trong vongf 16 phuts, cacs nhaf ngaan hangf ddax gom ddur tieenf. Morgan laapj tuwcs cho nguwowif ddeens Sowr Giao dichj chuwngs khoans tuyeen boos sex mowr roongj bieen ddooj cho vay vowis laix suaats 10%, car Sowr Giao dichj ngay tuwcs khawcs vang leen mootj trangf hoan hoo. Chir trong mootj ngayf, nguoonf voons cuwus trowj khaanr caaps ddax heets veo, laix suaats laij bawts ddaauf soots manhj. Tams ngaan hangf vaf coong ty uyr thacs mua bans ddax ddongs cuwar. Morgan vooij timf ddeens ngaan hangf thanh toans New York, yeeu caauf phats hanhf ngaan phieeus ddinhj muwcs – mootj nguoonf tieenf tamj thowif – ddeer uwngs phos vowis suwj theeus hutj hieenj kim nghieem trongj. Thuws bayr ngayf 2 thangs 11, Morgan bawts ddaauf trieenr khai kees hoachj maf oong ddax nung naaus tuwf laau nhawmf cuwus vanx coong ty Moore and Schley ddang chao ddaor trong muwa giow. Coong ty nayf ddax luns saau vaof khoanr nowj 25 trieeuj USD, sawps phair ddongs cuwar. Nhuwng coong ty nayf laij laf chur nowj chinhs cuar Tennessee Coal and Iron Company, vaf neeus coong ty nayf phair tuyeen boos phas sanr thif thij truwowngf coor phieeus New York sex hoanf toanf supj ddoor, haauj quar lieen quan sex khos luwowngf heets. Morgan cho mowif taats car cacs nhaan vaatj tai to mawtj lowns trong giowis taif chinhs New York ddeens thuw vieenj cuar oong. Cacs ngaan hangf thuwowng maij dduwowcj boos tris trong phongf khachs phias ddoong, trong khi toongr coong ty uyr thacs mua bans dduwowcj sawps xeeps owr phongf sachs phias taay, conf cacs nhaf taif chinhs dduwngs ngooif khoong yeen vaf ddang lo cho soos phaanj cuar minhf thif dduwowcj Morgan boos tris mootj phongf rieeng.

Morgan thuwaf bieets rawngf nguoonf taif nguyeen khoangs sawts vaf than ddas trogn cacs bang Alabama, Georgia thuoocj quyeenf nawms giuwx cuar Tennessee Coan and Iron Company sex giups tawng cuwowngf thees bas chur gang theps do Morgan duwngj leen. Duwowis suwj khoongs chees cuar phaps leenhj choongs lungx ddoanj, Morgan khoong theer nuoots trooi mieengs mooif beos bowr nayf, trong khi cuoocj khungr hoangr laanf nayf ddax ddem ddeens cho oong mootj cow hooij hieems cos. Ddieeuf kieenj cuar Morgan laf, ddeer cuwus vanx Tennessee Coal and Iron Companycungx nhuw car nganhf uyr thacs mua bans, cacs coong ty uyr thacs mua bans caanf phair huy ddoongj nguoonf voons 25 trieeuj USD ddoongf thowif mua laij quyeenf nowj cuar Coong ty khai khoangs vaf luyeenj theps Tennessee tuwf tay Moore vaf Schley. Cuoois cungf, duwowis aps luwcj phas sanr caanj keef vaf suwj meetj moir do lo nghix, cacs oong chur cuar cacs coong ty ddaauf tuw ddax phair ddaauf hangf Morgan. Ngay sau khi thaau toms dduwowcj mieengs mooif beos bowr laf Coong ty Tennessee Coan and Iron nayf, Morgan vui muwngf khoon xieets, nhuwng vaanx conf mootj cuwar air cuoois cungf phair vuwowtj qua – toongr thoongs Roosevelt (cha), nguwowif luoon luoon phanr ddoois tinhf trangj lungx ddoanj. Toois chur nhaatj ngayf 3 thangs 11, Morgan phais nguwowif ddeens Washington ngay trong ddeem vowis nhieemj vuj phair laays dduwowcj phee chuaanr cuar toongr thoongs truwowcs khi thij truwonwgf coor phieeus mowr cuwar vaof sangs thuws hai. Ngaan hangf khungr hoangr, hangf loatj doanh nghieepj ddongs cuwar, nguwowif daan tuwcs giaanj vif ddax maats ddi taats car cuar cair. Ddieeuf nayf ddax taoj neen suwj khungr hoangr trong chinhs quyeenf khieens cho Roosevelt (cha) khoong theer khoong duwaj vaof suwcs manhj cuar Morgan ddeer oonr ddinhj ddaij cuoocj, trong thowif khawcs cuoois cungf, oong ddax buoocj phir ddawtj buts kys vaof banr haj thanhf lieen minh. Khi ddos chir conf 5 phuts nuwax laf ddeens giowf thij truwowngf coor phieeus ngayf thuws hai mowr cuwar!Tin tuwcs nhanh chongs lan khawps thij truwowngf New York. Morgan ddax mua laij Tennessee Coal and Irton vowis gias sieeu rer 45 trieeuj USD, trong khi gias trij thuwcj cuar coong ty nayf theo tinhs toans

cuar John Moody its nhaats cungx khoangr 1 tyr USD (6) (Ron Chernow, Gia toocj Morgan (The House of Morgan) (Groove Press, 1990). tr.128).Mooix mootj cuoocj khungr hoangr taif chinhs ddeeuf laf suwj ddinhj huwowngs chinhs xacs cho suwj bungf noor nhuwng aam muwu ddax nung naauss tuf “Laau ddaif taif chinhs” mowis tinh nguy nga ruwcj rowx luoon dduwowcj xaay treen ddoongs hoang tanf ddoor nats cuar hangf nganf hangf vanj nguwowif phas sanr.

9. Tuwf chees ddooj banr vij vangf ddeens tieenf giaays – buwowcs chuyeenr lowns trong thees giowis quan cuar cacs nhaf ngaan hangf

Tuwf cuoois thees kyr 19, trong nhaanj thuwcs cuar nhieeuf ngaan hangf quoocs tees ddoois vowis tieenf bacj laij cos theem mootj suwj khacs bieetj mowis. Chaau Aau buwowcs sang thees kyr 20, cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf ddax timf ra mootj theer chees tieenf leej phaps ddinhj hieeuj quar cao hown vaf cungx phuwcs tapj hown. Tieenf leej phaps ddinhj ddax thoats ly trieetj ddeer khoir suwj khoongs chees cuwngs rawns cuar vangf vaf bacj ddoois vowis toongr luwowngj tieenf cho vay, khieens cho vieecj khoongs chees tieenf teej cangf theem meemf deor nhuwng cungx kins ddaos hown. Trong khi hieeur dduwowcj rawngf lowij ichs thu dduwowcj tuwf vieecj tawng cuwowngf cung uwngs tieenf teej voo hanj toonr thaats hown raats nhieeuf so vowis lowij tuwcs cacs khoanr vay vaf lamj phats tieenf teej ddem laij, cacs ngaan hangf benf laapj tuwcs trowr thanhf nhuwngx nguwowif ungr hooj cuoongf nhieetj nhaats cho tieenf teej phaps ddinh. Bawngf vieec phats hanhf heem tieenf vowis toocs ddooj nhanh manhj, cacs nhaf ngaan hangf ddax tuwowcs ddoatj toanf booj cuar cair gias trij nhaats cuar daan chungs treen car nuwowc, maf so vowis phuwowng thuwcs ngaan hangf cuwowngx chees phats maix taif sanr cuar nguwowif khacs, lamj phats tieenf teej “vawn minh” hown nhieeuf, ddoongf thowif cungx its gawpj phair suwj khangs cuwj cuar nguwowif daan hwon, thaamj chis conf khos maf phats hieenj ra. Vowis suwj taif trowj cuar cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf, cacs nghieen cuwus kinh tees hocj veef lamj phats tieenf teej daanf chuyeenr huwowngs sang quyx ddaoj cuar trof chowi soos hocj ddown thuaanf. Khais nieemj lamj phats tieenf teej (Currency Inflation) do vieecj phats

hanhf theem tieenf giaays gaay neen ddax hoanf toanf bij lys luaanj lamj phats gias car (Price Inflation) che khuaats. Lucs nayf, ngoaif chees ddooj duwj truwx vangf cucj booj (Fractional Reserve) cungx nhuw vieecj cawts dduwts moois quan heej giuwax tieenf teej vaf coong trais quoocs gia, cacs nhaf ngaan hangf laij cos theem mootj coong cuj lowij haij hown: lamj phats tieenf teej. Tuwf ddaay, cacs nhaf ngaan hangf ddax thuwcj suwj chuyeenr bieens ddaayf kichj tinhs tuwf nguwowif baor veej vangf trowr thanhf ker thuf khoong ddooij trowif chung ddoois vowis vangf. Nhaanj xets veef Keynes ddoois vowis namj phats tieenf teej cos theer nois laf voo cungf sawcs bens “aps dungj bieenj phaps nayf, chinhs phur cos theer taanj thu toanf booj cuar cair cuar nguwowif daan mootj cachs bis maatj maf khos bij phats giacs, trong mootj trieeuj nguwowif thaatj khos cos mootj nguwowif cos theer phats hieenj hanhf vi awn cawps nayf”. Nois mootj cachs chinhs xacs thif bieenj phaps nayf khoong phair do Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bangf thuwcj hieenj maf laf chinhs phur.

10. Cuoocj tranh cuwr toongr thoongs nawm 1912Thuws Ba, vij Hieeuj truwowngr cuar Truwowngf Ddaij hocj Princeton sex trungs cuwr Thoons ddoocs bang New Jersey cuar cacs banj. Thangs 11 nawm 1912, oong sex ddawcs cuwr toongr thoongs Hoa Kyf. Thangs 3 nawm 1917, oong ta sex tieeps tucj ddawcs cuwr theem mootj nhieemj kyf nuwax. Vaf ddos sex laf mootj trong nhuwngx toongr thoongs vix ddaij nhaats trong lichj suwr Hoa Kyf. Baif phats bieeur cuar Rabbi Stephen owr New Jersey nawm 1910. Wise – nguwowif sau nayf trowr thanhf coos vaanx thaan caanj cuar toongr thoongs Wilson – cos theer duwj ddoans chinhs xacs keets quar baauf cuwr toongr thoongs cuar saus nawm sau, hoanf toanf khoong sai vif trong tay oong ta thaatj suwj cos mootj quar caauf thaanf kyf cuar cacs phuf thuyr, maf bowir vif moij kees hoachj ddeeuf laf vieecj ddax dduwowcj cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf vachj sawnx. Ddungs nhuw duwj tinhs cuar cacs ngaan hangf quoocs tees, cuoocj khungr hoangr kinh tees nawm 1907 ddax gaay chaans ddoongj raats lowns leen xax hooij Myx. Suwj phaanx nooj cuar daan chungs ddoois vowis coong ty ddaauf tuw uyr thacs, suwj hoang mang ddoois vowis

vieecj ddongs cuwar cuar cacs ngaan hangf, suwj def chuwngf vaf sowj haix ddoois vowis thees luwcj cuar cacs oong trumf taif chinhs phoos Wall hoaf vaof nhau taoj thanhf mootj traof luwu phanr ddoois manhj mex moij suwj lungx ddoanj taif chinhs ddax cuoons car nuwowcs Myx vaof cuoocj. Woodrow Wilson – Hieeuj truwowngr Truwowngf Ddaij hocj Princeton – chinhs laf nhaan vaatj sooi suwcj phanr ddoois suwj lungx doanj taif chinhs ddos. Frank Vanderlip – Chur tichj National Bank ddax tuwngf nois rawgnf: “Tooi vieets thuw mowif Woodrow Wilson – Hieeuj truwowngr Truwowngf Ddaij hocj Princeton tham giam mootj buooir daj tieecj vaf phats bieeur dieenx thuyeets. Ddeer cho oong ta bieets dduwowcj ddaay laf mootj cow hooij trongj ddaij, tooi ddax nois rawngf thuwowngj nghij six Aldrich cungx phair ddeens tham duwj vaf phats bieeur dieenx thuyeets. Caau trar lowif cuar tieens six Wilson ddax khieens tooi kinh ngacj. Oong ta ddax thawngr thuwngf tuwf choois phats bieeur dieenx thuyeets chung vowis thuwowngj nghij six Aldrich (7) (Antony C. Sutton, Aam muwu cuar Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang (The Federal Reserve Conspiracy) - Tab Books, 1995, tr. 78). Thuwowngj nghij six Aldrich khi ddos laf nguwowif raats cos thees luwcj vowis 40 nawm lamf vieecj trong Quoocs hooij nhuwng cos ddeens 36 nawm lamf thuwowngj nghij six, laij laf Chur tichj uyr ban taif chinhs thuwowngj vieenj cos quyeenf luwcj raats lowns, banr thaan laf cha vowj cuar Johan Rockefeller con, cos moois qua laij voo cungf maatj thieets vowis giowis ngaan hangf phoos Wall. Nawm 1908, oong ddax ddeef nghij rawngf, trong tinhf huoongs khaanr caaps, ngaan hangf cos theer phats hanhf tieenf teej, vaf dungf coong trais cuar chinhs phur lieen bang, chinhs phur bang vaf chinhs phur ddiaj phuwowng cungf vowis phieeus coong trais dduwowngf sawts lamf taif sanr thees chaaps. Thus vij thaatj, ruir ro ddax cos chinhs phur vaf nguwowif daan cangs ddangs, conf choox ngon lanhf thif cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf huwowngr car huwowngr car. Ddieeuf nayf khieens nguwowif ta khoong theer khoong bais phucj thur ddoanj cuar phoos Wall. Cais ddeef ans nayf dduwowcj goij laf “Ddaoj luaatj tieenf teej khaanr caaps” (Emergency Currency Act), vaf trowr thanhf cow sowr laapj phaps cho ddeef ans Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang

Myx 5 nawm sau ddos. Thuwowngj nghij six Aldrich dduwowcj coi laf nguwowif phats ngoon cuar phoos Wall. Woodrow Wilson toots ngheepj Ddaij hocj Princeton nawm 1879, sau ddos hocj theem Ddaij hocj Virginia vaf baor veej thanhf coong luaanj ans tieens six owr Ddaij hocj John Hopkins vaof nawm 1886. Nawm 1902, Woodrow Wilson chinhs thuwcs trowr thanhf Hieeuj truwowngr Ddaij hocj Princeton. Vowis hocj vaans uyeen thaam, oong luoon phanr ddoois manhj mex suwj lungx ddoanj taif chinhs, vaf dduwowng nhieen laf khoong muoons gaanf guix vowis nguwowif phats ngoon cuar cacs trumf taif chinhs. Mawcj duf hocj cao hieeur roongj vaf cos mootj trais tim bacs ais, song, vij Hieeuj truwowngr truwowngf Ddaij hocj Princeton cungx khos maf hieeur heets dduwowcj kyx xaor kieems tieenf cuar cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf phoos Wall. Ddams taif phieetj ngaan hangf hieeur rox rawngf, Wilson laf mootj nguwowif nooir tieengs chuyeen phanr ddoois suwj lungx ddoanj taif chinhs, mootj nhaan taif vowis hinhf tuwowngj trong sangs, vaf ddos quar thaatj laf mootj vieen ngocj thuaanf khieets khos cos dduwowcj. Vif thees, cacs oong trumf nhaf bawng ngaams ngaamf ddaauf tuw vaof Wilson, ra suwcs “ddeox gotj” hongf dungf oong ta vaof vieecj lown. Cungx may laf Cleveland Dodge – Chur tichj Ngaan hangf ddoo thij quoocs gia New York laij laf banj hocj cuar Wilson owr Ddaij hocj Princeton. Nawm 1902, vieecj Wilson nhaanj chuwcs Hieeuj truwowngr Ddaij hocj Princeton mootj cachs thuaanj lowij chinhs laf keets quar cuar suwj hoox trowj to lowns veef taif chinhs cuar Dodge. Cos dduwowcj mootj moois quan heej khoong ddown gianr nhuw vaayj, duwowis suw sawps ddawtj cuar cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf, Dodge bawts ddaauf loan tin owr phoos Wall rawngf Wilson dduwowcj duwj ddoans sex trowr thanhf toongr thoongs tuwowng lai. Mowis nhaanj chuwcs hieeuj truwowngr dduwowcj maays nawm maf Wilson ddootj nhieen dduwowcj nguwowif khacs tung hoo minhf laf toongr thoongs tuwowng lai. Vaf vieecj Wilson thaays muwngf aau cungx laf chuyeenj thuwowngf tinhf. Dduwowng nhieen, vieecj dduwowcj tung hoo nhuw vaayj luoon phair trar gias. Wilson bawts ddaauf quay luwng laij vowis phong traof phanr ddoois lungx ddoanj taif chinhs vaf xichs laij vowis phoos Wall. Quar nhieen, duwowis suwj ungr hooj cuar cacs oong

chur phoos Wall, nawm 1910, Wilson nhanh chongs trowr thanhf Thoongs ddoocs bang New Jesey. Beef ngoaif, Wilson vaanx nghieem khawcs chir trichs phoos Wall lungx ddoanj taif chinhs cho duf thees luwcj trong longf oong ta sex phair hoanf toanf duwaj vaof thees luwcj cuar cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf. Conf ddams taif phieetj thif ra booj khoan dung vaf kieemf chees mootj cachs laj thuwowngf truwowcs suwj ddar kichs cuar Wilson. Duwowngf nhuw hai been ddax duy trif mootj suwj hieeur ngaamf kheos leos maf chawngr caanf phair nois ra. Trong khi uy tins vaf thanh danh cuar Wilson ngayf cangf leen cao, cacs nhaf taif phieetj ddax troongs giong cowf mowr nhawmf gaay quyx tranh cuwr toongr thoongs cho oong. Dodge thanhf laapj mootj vawn phongf quyeen quyx tranh cuwr cho Wilson taij soos 42 ddaij looj Broadway New York, mowr taif khoanr ngaan hangf ddoongf thowif ddongs gops mootj taams chi phieeus trij gias 1.000 USD. Bawngf phuwowng thuwcs chuyeenr phats nhanh, Dodge ddax quyeen gops dduwowcj mootj khoanr kinh phis cuwcj lowns tuwf cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf, vaf 2/3 nguoonf kinh phis trong toongr soos quyeen gops dduwowcj ddeeuf do 7 nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf lowns nhaats phoos Wall ddongs gops (8) ( Antony C. Sutton, Aam muwu cuar Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang (The Federal Reserve Conspiracy) - Tab Books,, 1995, tr. 83).Sau khi dduwowcj ddeef cuwr toongr thoongs, trong nieemf vui khos kieemf chees nooir, Wilson ddax vieets thuw cho Dodge vaf nois rawngf “Thaatj laf khoong theer tuwowngr tuwowngj nieemf vui cuar tooi”. Tuwf ddaay, Wilson ddax hoanf toanf doocs suwcs cho hoaif baox cuar cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf. Vowis tuw cachs laf nguwowif tham gia tranh cuwr cuar Ddangr Daan chur, Wilson ddax mang treen vai minhf mootj trongj trachs cungf nieemf hy vongj voo cungf cuar Ddangr nayf. Cown khats quyeenf luwcj cuar Ddangr Daan chur voons ddax maats chieecs ghees toongr thoongs trong nhieeuf nawm cungx chawngr khacs gif cown khats cuar Wilson. Thachs thuwcs lowns nhaats lucs nayf cuar Wilson chinhs laf dduwowng kim toongr thoongs Taft- nguwowif khi ddos conf chuwa dduwowcj bieets ddeens treen toanf quoocs – vaf so vowis Wilson thif rox rangf Taft cos lowij thees hown nhieeuf. Trong khi Taft ddang tuwj tin chuaanr bij

buwowcs vaof nhieemj kyf thuws hai vaf tor ys sawnx sangf baatj ddenf xanh cho ddaoj luaatj cuar Aldrich thif mootj suwj vieecj kyf laj chuwa tuwngf thaays ddax xayr ra: cuwuj toongr thoongs Roosevelt (cha) – nguwowif tieenf nhieemj cuar Taft ddax ddootj nhieen chen ngang ddeer tham gia tranh cuwr toongr thoongs. Thaatj laf hoaj voo ddown chis cho Taft cuar Ddangr Coongj hoaf laanx nguwowif “thay ca” do Roosevelt (cha) luwaj chonj. Nawm ddos, nhowf eps buoocj cow quan chuwngs khoans mieenf Bawcs giair theer maf Roosevelt (cha) ddax trowr neen nooir tieengs. Oong dduwowcj tieengs laf cuwowng quyeets vowis nanj lungx ddoanj, vaf suwj xuaats hieenj ddootj ngootj cuar oong ta sex xaam haij nghieem trongj ddeens phieeus baauf cuar Taft. Treen thuwcj tees, sau luwng cuar ba uwngs cuwr vieen nayf ddeeuf cos suwj ungr hooj cuar cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf. Duwowis suwj danf xeeps cuar phoos Wall, Roosevelt (cha) quar nhieen “khoong caanr thaanj” ddax gaay haij nawngj neef cho Taft, khieens Wilson trungs cuwr thuaanj lowij. Manf kichj nayf tuy khucs ddieeuj cos khacs nhuwng cachs dieenx thif laij hay nhuw manf kichj cuar nawm 1992, khi Bush cha bij Perry cuwowps maats mootj luwowngj lowns phieeus baauf daanx ddeens thaats baij baats ngowf truwowcs ddoois thur Clinton.

11. Kees hoachj BVowis suwj sawps ddawtj heets suwcs cow maatj vaf linh camr ngheef nghieepj vuwowtj trooij, cacs oong trumf ngaan hangf owr ddaor Jekyll ddax chuaanr bij sawnx hai kees hoachj. Kees hoachj thuws nhaats chinhs laf kees hoachj do thuwowngj nghij six Nelson Aldrich chur trif, chiuj trachs nhieenj taans coong nghi binh, ddeer thu huts hoar luwcj cuar phias phanr ddoois, Ddangr Coongj hoaf laf phe ungr hooj kees hoachj Aldrich. Mootj phuwowng ans khacs dduwowcj goij laf “Kees hoachj B” mowis laf huwonwgs taans coong chinhs thuwcj suwj, ddaay chinhs laf Ddaoj luaatj Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx sau nayf, conf Ddangr Daan chur laf luwcj luwowngj ungr hooj chur yeeus. Thuwcj ra, car hai kees hoachj nayf khoong cos suwj khacs nhau veef banr chaats, chir cos cachs ddieenx ddatj khacs nhau maf thooi. Cuoocj tranh cuwr toongr thoongs cungx dduwowcj phats trieenr xoay quanh mucj tieeu hatj nhaan nayf. Moois quan heej giuwax thuwowngj

nghij six Aldrich vowis phoos Wall laf chuyeenj ai ai cungx bieets. Trong baauf khoong khis phanr ddoois phoos Wall manhj mex phur roongj khawps nuwowcs, ddaoj luaatj cair cachs taif chinhs do oong ddeef xuaats taats nhieen laf thaats baij. Conf Ddangr Daan chur rowif xa trung taam quyeenf luwcj ddax laau, luoon ddongs vai phee phans kichj lieetj suwj lungx ddoanj taif chinhs. Theem vaof ddos laf hinhf anhr tuwowi mowis cuar Wilson. Taats car nhuwngx ddieeuf nayf khieens cho Ddaoj luaatj Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx do Ddangr Daan chur ungr hooj cos cow hooij sex dduwowcj thoong qua. Bawngf mootj thieets kees kheos leos taoj ra cuoocj khungr hoangr 1907, hoj ddax buoocj car hai ddangr nhaanj ra rawngf, caanf phair cair cachs theer chees taif chinhs, xuooi theo ys daan. Lucs nayf cacs nhaf ngaan hangf ddax phair hy sinh Ddangr Coongj hoaf, vaf chuyeenj ungr hooj Ddangr Daan chur taats nhieen laf vieecj heets suwcs logic. Ddeer tieens theem mootj buwowcs trong vieecj mij daan, cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf ddax suwr dungj cao chieeu khieens cho hai ddangr phais coong kichs laanx nhau. Thuwowngj nghij six Aldrich chur trif phe choongs ddoois, dungf nhuwngx lowif lex nghieem khawcs chir trichs ddeef ans cuar Ddangr Daan chur voons cos ys thuf ddichj vowis ngaan hangf, vaf khoong cos lowij cho chinhs phur. Oong ta tuyeen boos moij chinhs sachs tieenf teej phaps ddinhj quay luwng laij heej thoongs banr vij vangf ddeeuf laf thachs thuwcs nghieem trongj ddoois vowis cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf. Tapj chis Nation ngayf 23 thangs 10 nawm 1908 ddax ddawng lowif nhaanj xets rawngf: “Chees ddooj tieenf teej phaps ddinhj cuar chinhs phur khoong dduwowcj baor ddamr bawngf vangf maf ngaif Aldrich phanr ddoois cungx chinhs laf kees hoachj do oong ta ddeef xuaats nawm 1908. Oong ta neen bieets rawngf, treen thuwcj tees chinhs phur khoong lieen quan ddeens vieecj phats hanhf tieenf teej, (cacs quy ddinhj ddaoj luaatj trong thaor luaanj) uyr ban Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang toanf quyeenf khoongs chees vieecj phats hanhf tieenf teej”. Suwj chir trichs cuar Ddangr Daan chur ddoois vowis ddeef ans cuar Aldrich cungx khieens thieen haj har hee. Hoj cho rawngf cais thuws maf Aldirch ddang baor veej chinhs laf lowij ichs cuar ddiaj vij lungx ddoanj taif chinhs cuar cacs nhaf ngaan hangf phoos Wall, conf ddeef ans Cucj

Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx do Ddangr Daan chur ddeef xuaats laf nhawmf “xaay duwngj leen heej thoongs ngaan hangf trung uwowng hoanf myx phaan quyeenf phaan laapj, trong ddos toongr thoongs boor nhieemj, quoocs hooij thaamr duyeetj, cacs ngaan hangf dduwa ra ys kieens chuyeen moon, khoongs chees laanx nhau”. Do khoong am tuwowngf nhieeuf veef coong vieecj taif chinhs neen Wilson tin rawngf, phuwowng ans nayf ddax phas tan suwj lungx ddoanj cuar cacs nhaf ngaan hangf phoos Wall ddoois vowis nganhf taif chinhs. Chinhs nhowf suwj phanr ddoois vaf chir trichs kichj lieetj cuar Aldrich vaf Vanderlip cungx nhuw phoos Wall maf ddaoj luaatj Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx cuar Ddangr Daan chur chieems dduwowcj thieenj camr cuar daan chungs.

12. Ddeef ans Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx dduwowcj phee duyeetj – moongj ddepj cuar cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf thanhf hieenj thuwcj

Ddoongf thowif vowis suwj kieenj Wilson trungs cuwr toongr thoongs, kees hoachj B chinhs thuwcs dduwowcj khowir ddoongj. Ngayf 26 thangs 6 nawm 1913, tuwcs laf chir 3 thangs sau khi Wilson buwowcs vaof Nhaf Trawngs, Carter Glass – mootj nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf ddoongf thowif laf haj nghij six cuar bang Virginia, ddax chinhs thuwcs tung ra kees hoachj B taij haj vieenj: Duwj luaatj Glass (The Glass Bill). Oong ta coos ys dungf nhuwngx tuwf quas kichs ddoongj nhuw ngaan hangf trung uwowng, vaf thay vaof ddos laf “Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang”. Ngayf 18 thangs 9, duwj luaatj nayf ddax dduwowcj thoong qua taij haj vieenj vowis tyr leej 287 phieeus thuaanj vaf 85 phieeus choongs trong tinhf hinhf dda soos haj nghij six chawngr hieeur gif banr chaats cuar vaans ddeef. Sau khi dduwowcj trinhf leen thuwowngj vieenj, duwj luaatj nayf mang teen duwj luaatj Glass – Owen. Banr thaan thuwowngj nghij six Robert Owen cungx laf mootj nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf. Ngayf 19 thangs 12 nawm 1913, duwj luaatj nayf ddax dduwowcj thuwowngj vieenj thoong qua. Lucs nayf, trong hai banr duwj luaatj nayf vaanx conf hown 40 ddieemr khacs nhau chowf giair quyeets. Theo quy ddinhj cuar hai vieenj, trong vongf mootj tuaanf truwowcs leex Giangs sinh, Quoocs hooij sex thoong qua cacs duwj luaatj quan trongj vaf moij nguwowif chir cos theer

ddowij ddeens nawm sau mowis cos ther banf tieeps. Vif thees, raats nhieeuf nghij six phanr ddoois duwj luaatj nayf ddax nhao nhao rowif Washinton veef nhaf nghir leex. Lucs nayf, owr Quoocs hooij cos mootj vawn phongf lamf vieecj tamj thowif. Paul Warburg chir huy truwcj tieeps chieens ddiaj nayf ddax nawms ddungs cow hooij nganf nawm cos mootj nayf, phats ddoongj mootj traanj chieens saams chowps. Oong cho mowif cacs nghij six ddeens vawn phongf tamj thowif nayf ddeer thuwowng thaor vowis cacs buwowcs tieeps theo. Toois thuws bayr ngayf 20 thangs 12, car hai vieenj ddax trieeuj taapj hooij nghij lieen tichj tieeps tucj thuwowng thaor cacs ddieemr baats ddoongf quan trongj. Lucs nayf, ai cungx muoons thoong qua duwj luaatj bawngf moij gias truwowcs kyr nghir Giangs sinh. Thaamj chis ngayf 17 thangs 12, Nhaf Trawngs tuyeen boos bawts ddaauf caan nhawcs ddeens danh sachs thanhf vieen Hooij ddoongf quanr trij cuar Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang khoas mootj . Nhuwng maix ddeens ddeem ngayf 20, nhuwngx baats ddoongf quan trongj vaanx chuwa theer giair quyeets. Duwowis suwj thucs eps cuar cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf, hooij nghij lieen tichj quyeets ddinhj sex tieeps tucj tronj ngayf chur nhaatj – tuwcs ngayf 21, neeus khoong giair quyeets dduwowcj vaans ddeef thif khoong nghir. Ddeens nuwar ddeem ngayf 20, haauf nhuw car hai vieenj vaanx chuwa ddatj dduwowcj suwj thoongs nhaats ddoois vowis mootj soos vaan ddeef quan trongj. Nhuwngx baats ddoongf nayf bao goomf: Soos luwowngj ngaan hangf ddiaj phuwowng cuar Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx; luwowngj vangf duwj truwx dduwowcj ddamr baor chawcs chawns nhuw thees naof; tyr leej duwj truwx vangf; vaans ddeef keets toans tieenf teej trong maauj dichj quoocs nooij vaf quoocs tees; ddeef ans cair cachs duwj truwx vangf; tieenf teej do Cujc Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx phats hanhf cos theer trowr thanhf vangf duwj truwx cuar ngaan hangf thuwowng maij hay khoong; tyr leej coong trais chinhs phur lamf sanr phaamr thees chaaps ddeer phats hanhf tieenf teej cuar Cucj Duwj truwx lieen bang; vaans ddeef lamj phats tieenf teej (9)

(9) Eustace Mullins, Bis maatj cuar Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang (The Secrets of the Federal Reserve) - John McLlaughlin 1993, Chuwowng 3).Sau mootj ngayf, sangs thuws hai ngayf 22, towf New York Times ddax ddawng tair mootj baif baos quan trongj “Duwj luaatj tieenf teej hoom nay cos theer trowr thanhf luaatj”. Baif baos nayf ddax nhieetj lieetj tans duwowng hieeuj suaats lamf vieecj cuar Quoocs hooij, “vowis mootj toocs ddooj lamf vieecj chuwa tuwngf cos, hooij nghij lieen tichj ddax suwar ddooir suwj baats ddoongf ddoois vowis duwj luaatj cuar hai vieenj, moij thuws ddax hoanf taats vaof sangs hoom nay”. Khoangr thowif gian maf baif baos nayf ddeef caapj nawmf vaof khoangr tuwf 1 giowf 30 ddeens 4 giowf sangs ngayf thuws hai. Mootj duwj luaatj quan trongj rooif ddaay sex anhr huwowngr ddeens cuoocj soongs hawngf ngayf cuar mooix nguwowif daan Myx ddax dduwowcj tieens hanhf duwowis suwj vooij vangf vaf aps luwcj, tuyeetj ddaij dda soos cacs nghij six khoong theer ddeens kipj ddeer ddocj kyx nhuwngx choox suwar ddooir, chuws dduwngf nois ddeens vieecj chinhr suwar duwj luaatj. 4 giowf 30 sangs ngayf 22, vawn kieenj cuoois cungf ddax dduwowcj giao ddeens nhaf in. Dduwngs 7 giowf, cacs nghij six ddoois chieeus banr thaor laanf cuoois. 2 giowf chieeuf, vawn kieenj ddax in xong dduwowcj ddawtj treen banf lamf vieecj cuar cacs nghij six vowis thoong baos cuoocj hopj sex bawts ddaauf luwcs 4 giowf chieeuf. 4 giowf chieeuf, hooij nghij bawts ddaauf. Ddungs 6 giowf, baos caos cuoois cungf cuar hooij nghij lieen tichj ddax dduwowcj dduwa ra, lucs nayf ddaij dda soos cacs nghij six ddax ddi awn cowm toois, treen hooij truwowngf chir conf lacs ddacs maays nghij six. 7 giowf 30 toois, Grass bawts ddaauf ddocj baif dieenx vawn daif 20 phuts, sau ddos buwowcs vaof giai ddoanj tranh luaanj. 11 giowf ddeem, moij nguwowif baws ddaauf bieeur quyeets. Cuoois cungf, haj vieenj ddax thoong qua vowis soos phieeus aps ddaor 298/60. Nayf 23, hai ngayf truwowcs leex Giangs sinh, thuwowngj vieenj cungx ddax bieeur quyeets thoong qua duwj luaatj Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang vowis tyr leej 43/25 (vawngs 27 nghij six). Ddeer baos ddaps own trij ngooj cuar cacs nhaf taif phieetj phoos Wall, toongr thoongs Wilson ddax chinhs thuwcs ddawtj buts kys vaof duwj luaatj nayf chir mootj giowf sau

khi thuwowngj nghij vieenj thoong qua duwj luaatj Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx. Phoos Wall vaf thanhf phoos taif chinhs London tuwcs khawcs reo muwngf hoan hoo. Trong baif dieenx thuyeets hoom ddos, nghij six Lindberg ddax nois rawngf: Duwj luaatj nayf (duwj luaatj Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx) ddax trao quyeenf tins dungj lowns nhaats treen trais ddaats. Ngay sau khi toongr thoongs ddawtj buts kys vaof duwj luaatj nayf; quyeenf luwcj cuar tieenf taif voons dix chawngr xem chinhs phur ra gif nayf sex dduwowcj howpj phaps hoas. Nguwowif daan trong thowif gian ngawns sex khoong theer bieets dduwowcj ddieeuf nayf, nhuwng sau maays nawm nuwax hoj sex bieets dduwowcj taats car. Ddeens lucs ddos, nguwowif daan caanf phair tuyeen boos “tuyeen ngoon ddoocj laapj” laij laanf nuwax mowis cos theer giair phongs minhf ra khoir quyeenf luwcj cuar ddoongf tieenf. Thuws quyeenf luwcj cuar ddoongf tieenf nayf cuoois cungf sex ddur suwcs khoongs chees car Quoocs hooij. Neeus cacs thuwowngj nghij six vaf haj nghij six chungs ta khoong luwaf gatj quoocs hooij thif phoos Wall khoong theer luwaf doois chungs ta. Neeus chungs ta thaatj suwj cos mootj Quoocs hooij cuar daan thif nguwwif daan sex cos ddowif soongs oonr ddinhj. Suwj phamj tooij lowns nhaats cuar Quoocs hooij chinhs laf duwj luaatj heej thoongs tieenf teej (duwj luaatj Cucj Duwj truwx lieen bang Myx). Duwj luaatj ngaan hangf nayf laf sai laamf laapj phaps nghieem trongj nhaats trong thowif ddaij cuar chungs ta. Giowis chops bu cuar hai ddangr ddax mootj laanf nuwax tuwowcs ddoatj maats cow hooij nhaanj ra dduwowcj nhuwngx ddieeuf toots ddepj tuwf chinhs phur cuar hoj (10) (Charles Lindberg - cha. Dieenx vawn nhaanj chuwcs, 23/12/1913).Conf cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf thif khoong ngowts lowif ca ngowij duwj luaatj nayf. Oliver Sand – Chur tichj Ameriacn National Bank ddax nois mootj cachs tranf treef nhieetj tinhf rawngf: “Vieecj thoong qua duwj luaatj tieenf teej nayf sex taoj ra anhr huwowngr tichs cuwcj ddoois vowis quoocs gia vaf sex giups ichs cho hoatj ddoongj thuwowng nghieepj. Theo tooi thaays, ddaay laf suwj bawts ddaauf cho mootj thowif ddaij phoonf thinhj roongj khawps”.

Trong baif trar lowif phongr vaans tapj chis Independent thangs 7 nawm 1914, thuwowngj nghij six Aldrich ddax tieets looj: “Truwowcs khi duwj luaatj nayf (duwj luaatj Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx) dduwowcj thoong qua, cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf New York chir cos theer kieemr soats nguoonf voons vungf nayf. Baay giowf, hoj ddax cos theer chi phoois duwj truwx vangf trong ngaan hangf cuar car quoocs gia”. Trair qua hown mootj trawm nawm ddoois ddaauf quyeets lieetj vowis chinhs phur Myx, cuoois cungf cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf quoocs tees ddax ddatj dduwowcj mucj ddichs cuar hoj: khoongs chees trieetj ddeer quyeenf phats hanhf tieenf teej quoocs gia cuar Myx. Vaf moo hinhf cuar Ngaan hangf Anh cuoois cungf ddax dduwowcj phucj chees thanhf coong taij Hoa Kyf.

13. Ai nawms giuwx Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx? Nhieeuf nawm nay, vaans ddeef ai nawms giuwx Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx vaanx luoon laf mootj ddeef taif kins nhuw buwng. Banr thaan Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx thif luoon quanh co ups mowr. Gioongs nhuw Ngaan hangf Anh, Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx cungx giuwx kins thoong tin veef cacs coor ddoong. Haj nghij six Wrigh Patman ddamr nhaanj chuwcs chur tichj ngaan hangf Haj vieenj vaf uyr ban tieenf teej 40 nawm, trong ddos 20 nawm oong khoong nguwngf ddeef xuaats phuwowng ans phees bor Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx, vaf oong cungx luoon ddeer ys ddeens vaans ddeef roots cuoocj ai ddang nawms giuwx Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang. Bis maatj nayf cuoois cungf ddax dduwowcj hes looj. Eustace Mullins – tacs giar cuoons sachs “Bis maatj cuar Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx” (Secrets of Federal Severve) – ddax trair qua hown nuwar thees kyr nghieen cuwus vaf thu thaapj dduwowcj 12 giaays pheps kinh doanh (Organnization Certificates) sowms nhaats cuar ngaan hangf Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx, treen ddos ghi rox rawngf gias trij mooix mootj coor phaanf caaus thanhf Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang. Ngaan hangf New York cuar Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang laf ngaan hangf khoongs chees thuwcj tees hoatj ddoongj cuar heej thoongs Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx. Toongr luwowngj coor phaanf phats hanhf

theo ddawng kys trong vawn banr guwir cow quan kieemr toans ngayf 19 thangs 5 nawm 1914 laf 20.3053 coor phaanf, trong ddos: # National City Bank of New York duwowis suwj khoongs chees cuar coong ty Rockefeller vaf Kuhn Loe, tuwcs laf tieenf thaan cuar Ngaan hangf Hoa Kyf, nawms giuwx soos coor phaanf lowns nhaats – 30.000 coor phaanf. # First National Bank cuar Morgan nawms giuwx 15.000 coor phaanf. Sau khi sats nhaapj vaof nawm 1955 thanhf Ngaan hangf Hoa Kyf, hai coong ty ddax nawms giuwx gaanf 1/4 soos coor phaanf cuar Ngaan hangf New York thuoocj Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx, vaf treen thuwcj tees nos ddax quyeets ddinhj chieecs ghees Chur tichj cuar Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang. Vieecj toongr thoongs boor nhieemj chuwcs Chur tichj chir laf hinhf thuwcs maf thooi, conf vieecj laays ys kieens Quoocs hooij laij cangf gioongs nhuw mootj manf kichj. # Ngaan hangf thuwowng maij quoocs gia New York (National Bank of Commerce of New York City) cuar Paul Wahlberg nawms giuwx 21.000 coor phaanf. # Hanover Bank cuar dongff hoj Rothschild ddamr nhaanj chuwcs Chur tichj vowis quyeenf sowr huwux 10.200 coor phaanf. # Chase National Bank nawms giuwx 6.000 coor phaanf. # Chemical Bank nawm giuwx 6.000 coor phaanf. Toongr coongj, saus ngaan hangf nayf ddax nawms giuwx 40 % coor phaanf Ngaan hangf New York thuoocj Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx, ddeens nawm 1983, hoj ddax nawms toongr coongj laf 53% luwowngj coor phaanf. Sau khi ddieeuf chinhr, tyr leej nawms giuwx coor phaanf cuar hoj laf: Ngaan hangf Hoa Kyf 15%, Chase Manhattan 14%, Morgan Guaranty Trust 9%, Manufactures Hanover 7%, Chemical Bank 8% (11) (Eustace Mullins, Bis maatj cuar Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang (The Secrets of the Federal Reserve) - John McLlaughlin 1993, tr. 178).Toongr voons ddawng kys cuar Ngaan hangf New York thuoocj Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx laf 143 trieeuj USD, nhuwng vieecj cacs ngaan hangf keer treen cos chi ra khoanr tieenf nayf hay khoong vaanx laf mootj caau ddoos. Mootj soos nhaf suwr hocj cho rawngf cacs ngaan hangf chir chi ra mootj nuwar hieenj kim, trong khi mootj soos nhaf suwr

hocj khacs thif cho rawngf, veef cow banr, cacs ngaan hangf khoong chi ra baats cuws hieenj kim naof maf chir dungf hoois phieeus ddeer chi ra, vaf treen taif khoanr cuar Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx maf banr thaan hoj ddang sowr huwux chir laf suwj bieens ddoongj cuar maays con soos maf thooi, conf suwj vaanj hanhf cuar Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx thuwcj ra chinhs laf vieecj “dungf giaays thees chaaps phats hanhf ra giaays”. Chawngr thees maf mootj nhaf suwr hocj ddax miar mai rawngf, heej thoongs ngaan hangf dduwj truwx lieen bang khoong mang tinhs chaats “lieen bang”, cungx chawngr cos “duwj truwx”, vaf cungx khoong phair laf “ngaan hangf” noots. Ngayf 15 thangs 6 nawm 1978, uyr ban ddoois ngoaij chinhs phur thuwowngj nghij vieenj Myx ddax coong boos baos caos veef lowij tuwcs cuar cacs coong ty chur choots cuar nuwowcs Myx. Baos caos nayf cho thaays rawngf, 470 vij tris thanhf vieen Hooij ddoongf quanr trij laf do nguwowif cuar 130 coong ty chur choots nhaats cuar Myx nawms giuwx. Tinhs binhf quaan taij mooix coong ty chur choots cos 3,6 gheets trong hooij ddoongf quanr trij thuoocj veef cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf. Trong ddos, Ngaan hangf Hoa Kyf ddax khoongs chees 97 ghees Hooij ddoongf quanr trij; coong ty J.P. Morgan – 99 ghees; Chemical Bank – 96 ghees; Chase Manhattan – 89 ghees, Hanover De – 89 ghees. Ngayf 3 thangs 9 nawm 1914, khi Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx quyeets ddinhj bans coor phaanf ra coong chungs, towf New York Times ddax coong boos cow caaus coor phaanf cuar cacs ngaan hangf chur yeeus nhuw sau: # National City Bank ddax phats hanhf 250.000 coor phieeus, James Stillman nawms giuwx 47.498 coos phieeus; coong ty J. P. Morgan nawms giuwx 14.500 coos phieeus; William Rockefeller nawms giuwx 10.000 coor phieeus; John Rockefeller nawms giuwx 11.750 coor phieeus. # Ngaan hangf thuwowng maij quoocs gia New York ddax phats hanhf 250.000 coor phieeus, George Berk nawms giuwx 10.000 coor phieeus; coong ty J. P. Morgan – 7.800 coor phieeus, May Hariman – 5.650 coor phhieeus; Paul Warburg – 3.000 coor phaanf; Jacob Schiff – 1.000 coor phaanf; J. P. Morgan con – 1.000 coor phieeus. # Chase Bank, George Berk nawms giuwx 13.408 coor phieeus.

# Hanover Bank, James Still nawms giuwx 4.000 coor phieeus; William Rockefeller nawms giuwx 1.540 coor phieeus. Keer tuwf khi thanhf laapj vaof nawm 1913 ddeens nay, Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang ddax cho thaays mootj suwj thaatj khoong theer bao bieenj rawngf cacs nhaf taif phieetj ddang thao tungs machj maus taif chinhs, coong thuwowng nghieepj vaf chinhs trij cuar nuwowcs Myx. Hown thees nuwax, cacs nhaf taif phieetj phoos Wall ddeeuf cos moois quan heej maatj thieets vowis songf hoj Rothschild cuar thanhf London. Benjamin Strong – CEO cuar Bankers Trust – dduwowcj chonj lamf Chur tichj Hooij ddoongf quanr trij cuar Ngaan hangf New York thuoocj Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx khoas thuws nhaats. “Duwowis suwj khoongs chees cuar Strong, heej thoongs duwj truwx lieen bang ddax hinhf thanhf moois quan heej khawng khits chawtj chex vowis Ngaan hangf Anh vaf Ngaan hangf Phaps. Benjamin Strong giuwx chuwcs Chur tichj ngaan hangf Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx owr New York maix ddeens nawm 1928 thif ddootj ngootj tuwr vong trong khi Quoocs hooij ddang ddieeuf tra hooij nghij bis maatj cuar Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang cungx nhuw giowis chops bu cuar ngaan hangf trung uwowng chaau Aau. Nhuwngx hooij nghij bis maatj nayf ddax daanx ddeens cuoocj suy thoais nawm 1929 (12) (Ferdinand Lundberg, 60 gia ddinhf Myx (America's 60 families) Halcyon House, 1939).

14. Hooij ddoongf quanr trij khoas mootj cuar Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx.

Veef sau, Wilson ddax tuwj thuwaf nhaanj rawngf, oong ta chir dduwowcj pheps chir ddinhj mootj thanhf vieen trong Hooij ddoongf quanr trij cuar Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx vaf cacs thanhf vieen conf laij ddeeuf do cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf cuar New York luwaj chonj. Trong quas trinhf ddeef cuwr vaf boor nhieemj Paul Warburg vaof vij tris Chur tichj Hooij ddoongf quanr trij, thuwowngj nghij vieenj yeeu caauf oong phair cos mawtj taij Quoocs hooij ddeer trar lowif chaats vaans vaof thangs 6 nawm 1914, chur yeeus laf timf hieeur vai trof cuar oong trong quas trinhf soanj thaor duwj luaatj Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang, nhuwng roots cuoocj, Paul ddax tuwf choois thawngr thuwngs. Trong thuw guwir cho Quoocs hooij, oong tuyeen boos rawngf vieecj trar lowif baats cuws chaats vaans naof theo yeeu caauf ddeeuf cos

theer sex anhr huwowngr ddeens vai trof cuar oong trong Hooij ddoongf quanr trij Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang, vif vaayj oong quyeets ddinhj tuwf choois vieecj tieeps nhaanj ddeef cuwr vaof chuwcs Chur tichj Hooij ddoongf quanr trij Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx. Towf New York Times ngay laapj tuwcs leen tieengs minh oan cho Paul, vaf trong soos ra ngayf 10 thangs 7 nawm 1914, towf baos nayf ddax chir trichs thuwowngj nghij vieenj khoong neen chaats vaans Paul mootj cachs hoof ddoof nhuw vaayj. Hieenr nhieen Paul laf nhaan vaatj trung taam cuar Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx. Neeus khoong cos oong, chawcs chawngr cos nguwowif thuws hai naof bieets dduwowcj Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang roots cuoocj vaanj hanhf nhuw thees naof. Ddoois mawtj vowis thais ddooj cuwngs rawns cuar oong, Quoocs hooij chir conf cachs gaatj ddaauf vaf dduwa ra mootj danh sachs cacs caau hoir truwowcs khi oong nhaanj chuwcs, vaf neeus nhuw camr thaays caau hoir naof ddos “sex anhr huwowngr ddeens vai trof cuar minhf”, Paul cos theer khoong trar lowif, vaf cuoois cungf thif Paul ddax ddanhf mieenx cuwowngx ddoongf ys nhuwngx yeeu caauf dduwowcj gawpj mawtj khoong chinhs thuwcs. Uyr ban hoir: Tooi bieets Ngaif laf nguwowif cuar Ddangr Coongj hoaf, nhuwng ngay khi Roosevelt tham gia tranh cuwr thif Ngaif laij trowr thanhf nguwowif ddoongf tinhf ungr hooj Wilson (Ddangr Daan chur)? Paul ddaps: Ddungs vaayj. Uyr ban hoir: Nhuwng anh cuar Ngaif (Felix Warburg) laij ungr hooj Taft (Ddangr Coongj hoaf)?Paul ddaps: Ddungs vaayj! (13) (Eustace Mullins, Bis maatj cuar Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang (The Secrets of the Federal Reserve) - John McLlaughlin 1993, Chuwowng 3).Ddieeuf thus vij laf, ba coor ddoong cuar coong ty Kuhn Loeb laij ungr hooj ba nguwowif khacs nhau ra tranh cuwr toongr thoongs, trong soos ddos Otto Kahn ungr hooj Roosevelt cha. Giair thichs cuar Paul laf ba nguwowif nayf khoong can thieepj vaof quan ddieemr chinhs trij cuar nhau, bowir vif “taif chinhs vaf chinhs trij khoong lieen quan ddeens nhau”. Paul vuwowtj qua cuoocj ddieeuf traanf cuar Quoocs hooij mootj cachs thuaanj lowij, trowr thanhf Chur tichj thuws nhaats cuar Cucj Duwj truwx

Lieen bang Myx, sau ddos trowr thanhf Phos chur tichj Hooij ddoongf quanr trij. Ngoaif Paul ra, boons thanhf vieen khacs cuar hooij ddoongf laf:

- Adolph Miller, nhaf kinh tees hocj, xuaats thaan tuwf Ddaij hocj Chicago do Rockefeller taif trowj vaf Ddaij hocj Harvard do Morgan taif trowj.

- Chales Hamlin, tuwngf ddamr nhieemj chuwcs trowj lys Booj truwowngr taif chinhs.

- Frederick Delano, thoong gia cuar Roosevelt, nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf dduwowngf sawts.

- WP. G Harding, Chur tichj First National Bank of Atlanta. Thomas D. Jones dduwowcj toongr thoongs Wilson ddichs thaan tieens cuwr ddax bij Booj Tuw phaps Myx ddieeuf tra vaf khowir toos, veef sau tuwj ruts lui khoir Hooij ddoongf quanr trij. Hai thanhf vieen khacs laf Booj truwowngr taif chinhs vaf Kieemr toans vieen tieenf teej.

15. Hooij ddoongf tuw vaans lieen bangHooij ddoongf tuw vaans lieen bang laf mootj chieecs camera bis maatj dduwowcj Paul Warburg dayf coong thieets kees ddeer khoongs chees Hooij ddoongf quanr trij Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx. Trong quas trinhf vaanj hanhf hown 90 nawm cuar Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang, Hooij ddoongf tuw vaans lieen bang ddax thuwcj hieenj moot cachs heets suwcs xuaats sawcs ys tuwowngr nawm ddos cuar Paul, haauf nhuw chuwa cos ai ddeer ys cow caaus nayf vaf suwj vaanj hanhf cuar nos, cungx chuwa cos nhieeuf coong trinhf nghieen cuwus ddangs tin caayj. Nawm 1913, haj nghij six Grass ddax ra suwcs quangr caos cho Hooij ddoongf tuw vaans lieen bang. Oong ta nois: “Owr ddaay khoong theer cos thuws gif gian acs. Mooix nawm Hooij ddoongf quanr trij Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang sex hooij ddamf boons laanf vowis Hooij ddoongf tuw vaans cuar cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf, mooix mootj thanhf vieen ddaij dieenj cho Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang ddiaj phuwowng nowi minhf soongs. Chungs ta conf cos theer baor veej lowij ichs cuar daan chungs toots hown suwj sawps ddawtj nayf khoong?” Banr thaan haj nghij six Grass laf mootj nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf, vaf oong ta khoong giair thichs hoawcj cung caaps baats cuws chuwngs cuws naof

cho thaays cacs nhaf ngaan hangf ddax baor veej lowij ichs gif cuar coong chungs trong lichj suwr cuar nuwowcs Myx. Hooij ddoongf tuw vaans lieen bang do 12 nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf ddiaj phuwowng thuoocj Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang tieens cuwr howpj thanhf, mooix nawm hooij ddamf boons laanf vowis thanhf vieen cuar Hooij ddoongf quanr trij Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang taij Washington. Cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf ddax ddeef xuaats “kieens nghij” chinhs sachs tieenf teej cho cacs thanhf vieen Hooij ddoongf quanr trij cuar Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang, mooix mootj ddaij bieeur ddaij dieenj cho lowij ichs kinh tees cuar ddiaj phuwowng minhf, mooix nguwowif ddeeuf cos quyeenf bor phieeus nhuw nhau, ddown gianr maf hoanf toanf kins kex veef lys thuyeets, nhuwng trong suwj khoocs lieetj tanf baoj cuar nganhf ngaan hangf thif ddos hoanf toanf laij laf mootj booj “quy tawcs ngaamf” khacs. Thaatj khos tuwowngr tuwowngj dduwowcj taij sao mootj nhaf ngaan hangf nhor cuar Cincinaiti laij ngooif chung mootj banf hooij nghij vowis cacs chumf taif chinhs quoocs tees nhuw Paul Warburg, Morgan ddeer ddeef xuaats “kieens nghij chinhs xacs veef tieenf teej” vowis cacs oong trumf taif chinhs nayf? Chir caanf tieenj tay mocs trong tuis ra mootj taams chi phieeus rooif ngueechj ngoacj leen ddos hai nets buts chif thif baats cuws ai trong soos hai oong trumf taif chinhs nayf cungx ddur khieens cho cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf nhor khuynh gia baij sanr. Treen thuwcj tees, suwj sinh toonf cuar mooix nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf nhor trong soos 12 khu vuwcj lieen bang ddeeuf hoanf toanf phuj thuoocj suwj ban own cuar 5 ngaan hangf lowns phoos Wall. Nawm oong trumf nayf cos ys ddem dda soos cacs giao dichj vowis cacs ngaan hangf chaau Aau ddeer chuyeenr thanhf cacs giao dichj nhor ler cho cacs “ngaan hangf veej tinh” trong cacs khu vuwcj cuar minhf xuwr lys. Vaf cangf cos dduwowcj nhuwngx thuwowng vuj beos bowr thif “cacs ngaan hangf veej tinh” cangf theem phucj tungf nghe theo cacs oong trumf kia. Dduwowng nhieen, nawm oong trumf kia cungx cos quyeenf nawms giuwx coor phaanf cuar nhuwngx ngaan hangf nhor nayf. Nois chung chungs ta khoong caanf phair tuwowngr tuwowngj nhieeuf cungx cos theer bieets dduwowcj keets quar mooix khi cacs ngaan hangf nhor “ddaij dieenj cho

lowij ichs khu vuwcj cuar minhf” nayf cungf nhau thaor luaanj chinhs sachs tieenf teej cuar Myx vowis nawm oong trumf taif chinhs kia. Cho duf “kieens nghij” cuar Hooij ddoongf tuw vaans lieen bang chawngr cos suwcs trois buoocj lawms ddoois vowis vieecj quyeets sachs cuar hooij ddoongf quanr trij Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang, nhuwng ddeeuf ddawnj mooix nawm boons laanf, cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf khoong ngaij khoor cuwcj vi hanhf ddeens Washington ddeer hooij hopj vowis 5 oong trumf phoos Wall. Cos phair hoj ddeens Washington ddeer gawpj gowx traf nuwowcs vowis nawm nhaf taif phieetj ddos? Neen nhows rawngf, hoj laf nhuwngx con nguwowif voo cungf baanj roonj cungf lucs phair kieem nhieemj chuwcs chur tichj Hooij ddoongf quanr trij cuar 63 coong ty nhuw Morgan. Neeus nhuw suwj “kieens nghij” cuar hoj khoong nhaanj dduwowcj baats cuws suwj suy xets naof, maf hoj vaanx vui ver ddos thuwcj suwj laf ddieeuf heets suwcs kyf laj.

16. Chaan tuwowngs owr ddaau? Tuyeetj ddaij dda soso nguwowif Myx hoanf toanf khoong theer hieeur dduwowcj chinhs xacs phuwowng thuwcs vaanj hanhf cuar cacs theer chees cho vay quoocs tees. Soor sachs cuar cucj duwj truwx lieen bang Myx voons dix chuwa tuwngf dduwowcj kieemr tra. Nos hoanf toanf dduwowcj vaanj hanhf been ngoaif phamj vi khoongs chees cuar Quoocs hooij, vaf nos ddang thao tungf nguoonf cung uwngs tins dungj cuar nuwowcs Myx. Thuwowngj nghij six Barry GoldwaterDdeer taoj ra gias cao, Cucj Duwjt truwx Lieen bang Myx chir caanf haj thaaps laix suaats xuoong, nhawmf mowr roongj hoatj ddoongj tins dungj vaf taoj neen mootj thij truwowngf coor phieeus phoonf vinh. Ngay sau khi nganhf coong thuwowng ddax quen vowis mooi truwowngf laix suaats nhuw vaayj, Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx laij quyeets ddinhj naang cao laix suaats mootj cachs tuyf ys nhawmf chaams duwts suwj phoonf vinh nayf. Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx vaf cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf nawms giuwx Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang cos theer dungf khar nawng ddieeuf chinhr laix suaats nhej nhangf khieens cho gias thij truwowngf dao ddoongj leen xuoongs mootj cachs haif hoaf nhuw con lawcs cungx cos theer ddieeuf chinhr manhj laix suaats khieens cho gias car thij

truwowngf dao ddoongj duwx dooij. Baats keer laf tinhf hinhf naof, nos sex nawms giuwx tin tuwcs nooij booj cuar tinhf hinhf taif chinhs vaf bieets truwowcs suwj thay ddooir sawps ddeens cuar suwj vieecj. Ddaay laf ddieeuf maf khoong cos moot chinhs phur naof cos theer cos dduwowcj (quyeenf bieets truwowcs thoong tin thij truwowngf). Vaf ddaay cungx laf ddieeuf kyf laj nhaats vaf nguy hieemr nhaats maf giai caaps ddawc quyeenf thieeur soos nawms giuwx. Heej thoongs nayf laf thuoocj tuw huwux, toanf booj mucj ddichs vaanj hanhf cuar nos chinhs laf lowij dungj tieenf cuar nuwowcs khacs ddeer thu lowij nhuaanj lowns nhaats cos theer. Hoj bieets dduwowcj khi naof caanf taoj ra khurngr hoangr ddeer thu lowij. Tuwowng tuwj hoj cungx bieets phair dungf khungr hoangf vaof lucs naof. Khi taif chinhs dduwowcj khoongs chees thif lamj phats tieenf teej vaf sieets chawtj tieenf teej ddeeuf cos hieeuj quar nhuw nhau ddoois vowis mucj ddichs cuar hoj. Haj nghij six Charles LindberghMooix mootij phieeus duwj truwx lieen bang (Federal Reserve Note) ddeeuf ddaij dieenj cho mootj khoanr nowj chuwa trar cuar mootj ddoongf USD Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang. Baos caos tieenf teej, Ngaan hangf haj vieenj vaf uyr ban tieenf teejNgaan hangf khu vuwcj cuar Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx khoong phair laf cow caaus chinhs phur maf laf coong ty ddoocj laapj do tuw nhaan nawms giuwx vaf ddiaj phuwowng kieemr soats. Lewis vaf chinhs phur Myx, 1982Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx laf mootj trong nhuwngx cow caaus hur baj nhaats treen thees giowis. Trong soos nhuwngx nguwowif cos theer nghe chungs ta nois (dieenx thuyeets cuar quoocs hooij), chawngr mootj ai bieets dduwowcj treen thuwcj tees quoocs gia cuar chungs ta ddang bij cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf quoocs tees thoongs trij. Cos mootj soos nguwowif cho rawngf, ngaan hangf Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang laf cow caaus cuar Chinhs phur Myx. Treen thuwcj tees, ngaan hangf Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang khoong phair laf cow caaus chinhs phur maf laf cow caaus lungx ddoanj hoatj ddoongj tins dungj do tuw nhaan chir ddaoj. Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang ddang bocs lootj nhaan daan Myx vif lowij ichs cuar banr thaan hoj cungx nhuw moij loiwj ichs cuar nhuwngx ker bipj bowmj ngoaij quoocs.

Haj nghij six Louis McFaddenKhi vieets chi phieeus, trong taif khoanr cuar banj vaf tooi caanf phair cos ddur ddieeuf kieenj ddeer baor ddamr cho kim ngachj cuar chi phieeus ddos. Thees nhuwng, khi xuaats chi phieeus, trong taif khoanr cuar Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx chawngr cos baats cuws mons tieenf naof ddeer baor ddamr. Ddaay cungx laf lucs Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx sangs taoj ra tieenf teej. Ngaan hangf Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx BostonTuwf nawm 1913 ddeens nawm 1949, nguoonf voons cuar Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx tuwf 143 trieeuj USD ddax tawng votj leen 45 tyr USD. Soos tieenf nayf truwcj tieeps chayr vaof haauf bao cuar cacs coor ddoong ngaan hangf Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx. L’estaque MullinsRaats nhieeuf vij toongr thoongs ddax dduwa ra lowif canhr baos veef suwj dde doaj cuar quyeenf luwcj tieenf teej. Nhieeuf ghi cheps cuar quoocs hooij vaf cacs ans leej phaps luaatj ddax nois rox rangf tinhs chaats tuw huwux cur Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx, nhuwng cos bao nhieeu nguwowif daan Myx, nguwowif daan Trung Quoocs cungx nhuw cacs quoocs gia khacs bieets dduwowcj ddieeuf nayf? Ddaay mowis laf ddieemr ddangs sowj cuar vaans ddeef! Chungs ta cho rawngf giowis truyeenf thoong uy quyeenf cuar phuwowng Taay “tuwj do coong bawngf” sex phowi bayf taats car, nhuwng treen thuwcj tees, chaan tuwowngs cuar vaans ddeef luoon bij giowis truyeenf thoong coos ys “bor qua”. Vaayj conf sachs giaos khoa cuar nuwowcs Myx thif sao? Voons dix cacs loaij sachs giaos khoa Myx ddeeuf laays vieecj luwaj chonj nhuwngx “nooij dung lanhf manj” cho thees heej sau maf bor qua cacs loaij quyx mang danh nghiax cuar cacs nhaf ngaan hangf quoocs tees. Truwowcs khi qua ddowif, toongr thoongs Wilson ddax thuwaf nhaanj rawngf minhf ddax bij luwaf doois trong cacs vaans ddeef lieen quan ddeens Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx. Oong ddax day duwts nois rawngf: “Tooi ddax voo ys huyr hoaij toor quoocs minhf”. Khi Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx chinhs thuwcs ddi vaof hoatj ddoongj ngayf 25 thangs 10 nawm 1914, cuoocj chieens tranh thees giowis thuws nhaats ddax bungf noor. Laij mootj suwj “trungf howpj” hoanf haor veef thowif gian! Cacs coor ddoong cuar Cucj

Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx ddang hoof howir chowf mootj mer cas lowns?

Phaanf IVCHIEENS TRANH VAF SUY THOAIS: MUAF BOOIJ THU CUAR CACS NGAAN HANGF QUOOCS TEES

Nguy cow thaatj suwj cuar ddaats nuwowcs coongj hoaf chungs ta laf chinhs phur buf nhinf nayf – mootj con bachj tuoocj khoongr loof vowis voo vanf xucs tu ddang bams choots laays cacs thanhf phoos, cacs bang vaf ddaats nuwowcs cuar chungs ta. Cais ddaauf cuar con bachj tuoocj nayf laf taapj ddoanf daauf khis cuar Rockefeller vaf mootj nhoms nhor cais goij laf trumf sof taif chinhs cos nawng luwcj cuwcj lowns cuar cacs ngaan hangf quoocs tees. Treen thuwcj tees, chungs ddang thao tungs chinhs phur Myx nhawmf thoar manx ham muoons cas nhaan cuar banr thaan minhf. Thoong qua vieecj khoongs chees nguoonf cung uwngs tieenf teej ddeer deex beef ddieeuf khieenr chinhs phur, cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf cangf cos cow hooij ddeer bocs lootj nguwowif daan vaf cuwowps bocs nguoonf taif nguyeen cuar quoocs gia. Ddaay chinhs laf lys do giair thichs vif sao cacs dongf hoj lowns nayf luoon taapj trung cao ddooj vaof quyeenf luwcj ddoongf thowif doocs suwcs ddeer sai khieens quyeenf luwcj vaf thoong qua vieecj phats hanhf tieenf teej ddeer chieems ddoatj taif nguyeen. Cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf quoocs tees nayf cungx nhuw gia toocj Rockefeller chinhs laf thees luwcj khoongs chees phaanf lowns baos chis cuar ddaats nuwowcs. Hoj suwr dungj nhuwngx chuyeen mucj binhf luaanj treen cacs baos nayf ddeer kieemf chees cacs quan chuwcs chinhs phur. Nhuwngx nguwowif khoong quy thuaanj sex bij hoj toons khuws ra khoir cow caaus chinhs phur.

Treen thuwcj tees, cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf ddax khoongs chees car hai ddangr (ddangr Coongj hoaf vaf ddangr Daan chur), kieemr soats cuwowng linhx chinhs trij cuar hai ddangr, khoongs chees cacs nhaan vaatj lanhx ddaoj, tin dungf cacs oong trumf trong cacs coong ty tuw nhaan. Nois chung, hoj khoong tuwf baats cuws thur ddoanj naof ddeer sawps ddawtj nhaan suwj trong cacs cow quan caaps cao cuar chinhs phur theo ys muoons cuar hoj (1) (Lowif phats bieeur cuar cuwuj Thij truwowngr Thanhf phoos New York John Haylan taij Chicago vaf trichs daanx 27/3/1927, New York Times ). Jonn Hylan, Thij truwowngr thanhf phoos New York, nawm 1927. Chieens tranh luoon caanf ddeens tieenf. Treen thuwcj tees, quy moo chieens tranh cangf lowns thif luwowngj tieenf ra cangf nhieeuf, ddaay laf cais lys maf ai cungx bieets. Vaans ddeef laf, ai tieeu tieenf cuar ai? Do chinhs phur Aau – Myx khoong cos quyeenf phats hanhf tieenf teej neen nguoonf tieenf taats yeeus chir cos theer dduwowcj vay tuwf ngaan hangf. Chieens tranh lamf cho toocs ddooj tieeu hao vaatj tuw tawng cuwcj ddooj, khieens cho cacs nuwowcs tham chieens duf cos thaats baij cungx phair theo dduooir ddeens cungf. Chieens tranh cungx khieens cho cacs chinhs phur timf moij cachs ddeer vay tieenf ngaan hangf, bowir vaayj maf mootj ddieeuf deex hieeur laf taij sao chieens tranh luoon laf ddeef taif yeeu thichs nhaats cuar cacs ngaan hangf. Hoj hoachj ddinhj chieens tranh, kichs ddoongj chieens tranh, ddaauf tuw cho chieens tranh, vaf nhuwngx laau ddaif hoa leej cuar ngaan hangf quoocs tees laij thuwowngf dduwowcj xaay treen ddoongs ddoor nats choongf chaats tang thuwowng cuar chieens tranh. Mootj thur ddoanj kieems tieenf khacs cuar cacs ngaan hangf quoocs tees laf taoj ra suy thoais kinh tees. Truwowcs tieen hoj mowr haauf bao ddeer thucs ddaayr tins dungj phats trieenr, taoj neen tinhf trangj thij truwowngf bong bongs, rooif sau khi taif sanr cuar nguwowif daan ddax ddoor doonf vaof cown songs ddaauf cow thif ruts manhj vongf quay luwu chuyeenr tieenf teej, taoj neen suy thoais kinh tees vaf sutj gias taif sanr. Khi gias taif sanr sutj xuoongs chir conf mootj phaanf muwowif thaamj chis laf mootj phaanf trawm gias trij thuwcj thif hoj laij ra tay mua vaof. Trong ngoon nguwx cuar cacs ngaan hangf quoocs tees thif hanhf ddoongj nayf dduwowcj goij laf “xens loong cuwuf”. Sau khi ngaan hangf trung

uwowng tuw nhaan dduwowcj thanhf laapj, cuwowngf ddooj vaf phamj vi cuar hanhf ddoongj “xens loong cuwuf” ddax ddatj ddeens muwcs ddooj chuwa cos tieenf leej trong lichj suwr. Hanhf ddoongj “xens loong cuwuf” gaanf ddaay nhaats vaof nawm 1997 treen cow theer cuar cacs “con hoor nhor” vaf “roongf nhor” cuar chaau As. Vieecj con cuwuf Trung Quoocs beos nucs roots cuoocj cos thoats khoir vaanj dden “xens loong cuwuf” hay khoong conf tuyf thuoocj vaof vieecj nos cos chiuj nghieen cuwus nghieem tucs thamr kichj “xens loong cuwuf” kinh hoangf ddax xayr ra trong lichj suwr nhaan loaij hay khoong. Sau khi cacs ngaan hangf cos voons ddaauf tuw nuwowcs ngoaif xaam nhaapj toanf dieenj vaof Trung Quoocs thif ddieeuf khacs nhau cawn banr nhaats so vowis truwowcs ddaay nawmf owr choox, ngaan hangf quoocs huwux truwowcs ddaay tuy cos xung luwcj thus ddaayr lamj phats tieenf voons ddeer kieems lowij nhuaanj, nhuwng tuyeetj ddoois khoong cos ys ddoof vaf khar nawng thoong qua vieecj sieets chawtj tieenf teej ddeer nawms maus taif sanr cuar daan. Sowr dix taij Trung Quoocs keer tuwf ngayf laapj nuwowcs ddeens nay chuwa tuwngf xayr ra nguy cow kinh tees lowns chinhs laf vif nuwowcs nayf khoong cos ddur ys ddoof chur quan vaf khar nawng khachs quan ddeer taoj neen nguy cow kinh tees. Sau khi cacs ngaan hangf quoocs tees xaam nhaapj toanf dieenj vaof Trung Quoocs thif tinhf hinhf ddax cos suwj bieens ddooir mang tinhs chaats cawn banr.

1. Khoong cos Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx thif khoong cos cuoocj chieens tranh thees giowis laanf thuws nhaats

Khi nois veef suwj bungf phats cuar cuoocj chieens tranh thees giowis laanf thuws nhaats, trong cuoons Thuaatj ngoaij giao (Diplomacy) nooir tieengs cuar minhf, Kissinger ddax cos mootj caau binhf luaanj raats aans tuwowngj rawngf: “Ddieeuf khieens nguwowif ta kinh ngacj laf cuoocj chieens tranh thees giowis laanf thuws nhaats bungf noor khoong phair do mootj suwj vieecj khoong thaams thaps gif so vowis cuoocj khungr hoangr khacs truwowcs ddos, maf laf bowir nos bungf noor sau mootj thowif gian raats daif (2) (Henry Kissinger, Thuaatj ngoaij giao (Diplomacy) – Simon & Schuster; 4/4/1995, Chuwowng 8). Ngayf 28 thangs 6 nawm 1914, thais tuwr Ferdinand von Sterreich – Este cuar Vuwowng trieeuf Habsburg – vuwowng trieeuf chinhs thoongs chaau

Aau bij Osterreich thoon tinhs vaof nawm 1908 – ddax bij mootj thichs khacs trer tuooir nguwowif Serbia ams sats. Ddaay laf mootj hanhf vi phucj thuf trong kees hoachj cuar mootj toor chuwcs khungr boos ddown thuaanf. Lucs ddos, chawngr ai nghix rawngf vieecj nayf laij trowr thanhf ngooif noor cho mootj cuoocj ddaij chieens treen toanf caauf, keos theo 30 quoocs gia, 1,5 tyr nguwowif vaof vongf khois luwar vaf lamf thuwowng vong hown 30 trieeuj nguwowif. Do cuoocj chieens tranh Phaps – Phoor noor ra maf Phaps vaf Dduwcs ddax trowr thanhf ker thuf truyeenf kieeps cuar nhau, trong khi nuwowcs Anh thoats khoir chinhs sachs ddaij lucj chaau Aau “quang kinh coo laapj” vaf phair ddoois mawtj vowis cucj dieenj Dduwcs manhj Phaps yeeus. Lucs nayf, Dduwcs ddax trowr thanhf cuwowngf quoocs soos 1 chaau Aau, neeus khoong khoongs chees dduwowcj, quoocs gia nayf awts sex trowr thanhf moois lo thuwowngf truwcj cuar Anh. Vaayj laf Anh looi keos Nga voons cungx laf nuwowcs cos chuts hieemf khichs vowis Dduwcs, cungf Phaps thanhf laapj Hieepj uwowcs ba nuwowcs (Triple Entente), conf Dduwcs lieen minh vowis Aos, tuwf ddaay hinhf thanhf neen hai taapj ddoanf ddoois laapj lowns nhaats chaau Aau. Hai been khoong nguwngf chayj ddua vux trang chieens luwowcj, duy trif mootj ddooij quaan sawnx sangf chieens ddaaus cos quy moo lowns. Chinhs phur cacs nuwowcs ddeeuf vif vaayj maf luns saau vaof vungx laayf nowj naanf. Mootj banr baos caos chi tieets thu thaapj coong nowj cuar cacs quoocs gia chaau Aau cho thaays rawngf, soos tieenf chi trar laix suaats hangf nawm cho cacs loaij coong trais ddeens 5.343 tyr USD. Cacs nuwowcs chaau Aau ddax luns saau vaof cacs khoanr nowj naanf nayf, conf chinhs phur cacs nuwowcs nayf thif khoong theer kieemr soats nooir tinhf hinhf. Cho duf gaay ra nhieeuf khar nawng ddangs sowj, nhuwng so vowis tinhf trangj hoaf binhf vowis gias car ddawts ddor vaf tinhf trangj maats oonr ddinhj thif cos lex chieens tranh laf mootj suwj luwaj chonj ddangs ddeer suy nghix (3) (Tapj chis Journal of Economics, 4/1887). Tuwf nawm 1887 ddeens nawm 1914, tinhf hinhf chinhs trij baats oonr coongj vowis gias car ddawts ddor vaanx bams chawtj chaau Aau. Chinhs phur cacs nuwowcs chaau Aau vif chayj ddua vux trang maf laam vaof nguy cow phas sanr nhuwng vaanx nhinf nhau bawngf con mawts ddoois

ddichj. Tucj nguwx cos caau “Mootj phats phaos noor ddangs gias vanj luwowngj vangf”, heej thoongs ngaan hangf chaau Aau cung caaps cacs khoanr vay tins dungj cho cacs been ddoois laapj do dongf hoj Rothschild xaay duwngj vaf phats trieenr, ddax doocs suwcs xuis giucj cuoocj ddoois ddaauf quaan suwj nayf. Treen thuwcj tees, cacs quoocs gia ddang dungf tieenf vaf luwowng thuwcj ddeer ddanhs nhau. Ddeens nawm 1914, mootj ddieeuf raats rox rangf laf cacs quoocs gia chur yeeus cuar chaau Aau ddax khoong theer ganhs vacs mootj cuoocj chieens tranh treen quy moo lowns. Tuy cos luwcj luwowngj quaan ddooij luoon trong tinhf trangj sawnx sangf vaf mootj chees ddooj ddoongj vieen quaan suwj phoor caapj cungx nhuw heej thoongs vux khis hieenj ddaij nhuwng kinh tees cuar cacs quoocs gia nayf laij khoong ddur suwcs ddeer chi trar cacs khoanr chi phis chieens tranh khoongr loof. Tinhf hinhf nayf dieenx ra ddungs nhuw nhuwngx gif cow quan tinhf baos Nga vieets trong thuw guwir Sa Hoangf thangs 2 nawm 1914, “Khoong conf nghi ngowf gif nuwax, chi phis chieens tranh sex vuwowtj ra ngoaif khar nawng chiuj dduwngj cuar Nga. Cho neen, chungs ta caanf phair vay tieenf cuar cacs nuwowcs lieen minh vaf cacs quoocs gia trung laapj duf phair trar gias ddawts. Neeus keets quar cuoocj chieens baats lowij cho ta, haauj quar kinh tees cuar vieecj chieens baij laf khos cos theer tinhs dduwowcj, neenf kinh tees nuwowcs nhaf sex rowi vaof trangj thais hoanf toanf tee lieetj. Duf cos gianhf dduwowcj thawngs lowij thif chungs ta cungx khoong laays gif lamf vui neeus ddieeuf ddos gaay baats lowij cho neenf taif chinhs nuwowcs nhaf, bowif mootj khi thua traanj thif nuwowcs Dduwcs sex chawngr cos gif ddeer booif hoanf chi phis chieens tranh cho ta. Hieepj uwowcs hoaf binhf sex mang laij lowij ichs cho nuwowcs Anh maf khoong cho pheps Dduwcs cos dduwowcj cow hooij phucj hooif kinh tees ddeer trar heets cacs khoanr nowj cho chungs ta, thaamj chis sau khi chieens tranh keets thucs, Dduwcs cungx khoong theer cos khar nawng hoanf trar cacs khoanr nowj (4) (Henry Kissinger, Thuaatj ngoaij giao (Diplomacy) – Simon & Schuster; 4/4/1995, Chuwowng 8). Trong tinhf hinhf nayf, mootj cuoocj chieens quy moo lowns xayr ra laf ddieeuf khoong theer hinhf dung nooir. Neeus nhuw chieens tranh thuwcj suwj bungf noor thif cungx chir cos theer dieenx ra trong phamj vi cucj

booj, mang tinhs tamj thowif vaf owr caaps ddooj thaaps, cos theer sex gioongs nhuw cuoocj chieens Phoor – Phaps nawm 1870 – mootj cuoocj chieens chir keos daif trong khoangr thowif gian 10 thangs. Nhuwng keets quar chieens tranh nhuw thees chir cos theer xoa diuj chuws khoong theer giair quyeets cucj dieenj ddoois laapj owr chaau Aau. Cho neen, thowif gian khai chieens chir cos theer tieeps tucj dduwowcj keos daif trong suwj baats oonr chinhs trij vaf gias car leo thang, maix cho ddeens khi cos suwj ra ddowif cuar Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx. Lucs nayf, nuwowcs Myx been kia bowf ddaij duwowng ddax laf mootj cuwowngf quoocs coong nghieepj soos 1 thees giowis cos nawng luwcj lowns trong sanr xuaats coong nghieepj vaf nguoonf taif nguyeen phong phus. Nhuwng maix ddeens nawm 1913, Myx vaanx laf mootj nuwowcs duwaj vaof cacs khoanr vay nuwowcs ngoaif vaf cos its khar nawng cung caaps cacs khoanr vay cho nuwowcs ngoaif. Nguyeen nhaan chinhs laf do khoong cos suwj hieenj dieenj cuar ngaan hangf trung uwowng, vaf bowir vaayj maf cacs nhaf ngaan hangf New York khos cos theer taapj trung ddieeuf ddoongj nguoonf taif chinhs trong car nuwowcs. Nhuwng cacs nhaf ngaan hangf thuwowngf cos huwngs thus vowis chieens tranh quy moo lowns, bowir chieens tranh sex ddem ddeens cho hoj nguoonf lowij nhuaanj khoongr loof. Ngay sau khi ddeef ans Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx dduwowcj thoong qua, cacs nhaf ngaan hangf quoocs tees laapj tuwcs bawts tay hanhf ddoongj. Ngayf 3 thangs 8 nawm 1914, ngaan hangf cuar Rothschild owr Phaps ddax guwir thoong baos cho Morgan ddeef nghij laapj tuwcs chuaanr bij mootj khoanr tins dungj trij gias 100 trieeuj USD ddeer Phaps mua vaatj tuw tuwf Myx. Khi nghe tin, Wilson laapj tuwcs phanr ddoois, trong khi William Jennings Bryan – Booj truwowngr ngoaij giao cuar Myx lucs baays giowf – leen ans khoanr cho vay nayf laf “giao dichj phi phaps xaaus xa nhaats”. Dduwcs vaf Myx xuwa nay chuwa tuwngf keets giao vowis nhau trong kinh tees vaf chinhs trij. Lucs nayf, Myx cos khoangr 8 trieeuj nguwowif Myx goocs Dduwcs, chieems khoangr 10 % daan soos Myx, vaf khi Myx laapj quoocs suyts nuwax tieengs Dduwcs ddax trowr thanhf quoocs nguwx cuar Myx. Nguwowif Myx goocs Dduwcs cos suwcs anhr huwowngr chinhs trij khoong nhor, theem vaof ddos daan nhaapj cuw ddeens tuwf Irland voons

dix khoong maays thieenj camr ddoois vowis Anh. Chinhs phur Myx ddax tuwngf maays phen giao chieens vowis Anh, cho neen owr giai ddoanj sow khowir cuar chieens tranh, chinhs phur Myx luoon giuwx mootj thais ddooj dungf dawngf, khacs hawnr vowis cacs nhaf ngaan hangf ddang soots ruootj nhuw kieens bof trong chaor nongs. Cacs ddaij gia ngaan hangf tichs cuwcj xuis giucj Myx tuyeen chieens vowis Dduwcs, conf chinhs phur thif kieen quyeets phanr ddoois chieens tranh vaf giuwx theer trung laapj. Truwowcs tinhf thees nayf, cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf benf nghix ra moot kees sachs tamj thowif – caaps tins dungj cho cacs nuwowcs thuoocj khoois ddoongf minh ddeer mua vaatj tuw cuar Myx thay vif cho cacs nuwowcs nayf vay tieenf thoong qua vieecj bans coong trais. Duwowis suwj buwcs eps cuar cacs ngaan hangf Wilson buoocj phair gaatj ddaauf ddoongf ys. Vif thowif gian baauf cuwr toongr thoongs mowis cho nhieemj kyf tieeps theo sawps ddeens gaanf neen Wilson ngayf cangf nghieeng veef laapj truwowngf cuar cacs nhaf ngaan hangf trong vaans ddeef tham chieens vowis hy vongj tais ddawcs cuwr laanf hai. Ngayf 23 thangs 12 nawm 1913, “Duwj luaatj Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang” dduwowcj thoong qua, vaf cacs ddieeuf kieenj cho suwj bungf phats mootj cuoocj chieens tranh owr caaps ddooj thees giowis ddax buwowcs vaof giai ddoanj chins muooif. Coox mays chieens tranh voons im lawngj quas laau cuoois cungf ddax cos theer khowir ddoongj.Ngayf 16 thangs 11 nawm 1914, Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx chinhs thuwcs ddi vaof hoatj ddoongj. Ngayf 16 thangs 12, Davison – canhs tay ddawcs luwcj cuar Morgan ddeens Anh ddeer ddamf phans vowis thur tuwowngs Anh – Herbert H. Asquith – veef khar nawng Myx cung caaps cho Anh mootj khoanr tins dungj. Ngayf 15 thangs 1 nawm 1915, Ngaan hangf Morgan vaf Anh ddax ddatj dduwowcj banr howpj ddoongf tins dungj vowis toongr gias trij laf 10 trieeuj bangr. Ddoosi vowis Myx, vieecj nayf laf mootj thuwowng vuj tuwowng ddoois khar quan, vif chawngr ai cos theer ngowf rawngf toongr soos khoanr vay cuoois cungf laij ddatj ddeens muwcs 3 tyr USD – mootj khoanr vay khoongr loof! Ngaan hangf Morgan ddax thu 1% phis thur tucj, nghiax laf ngaan hangf nayf xowi tronj 30 trieeuj USD! Muaf xuaan nawm ddos,

Ngaan hangf Morgan laij kys keets howpj ddoongf tins dungj vowis chinhs phur Phaps. Thangs 9 nawm 1915 laf thowif khawcs ddeer cacs oong trumf khaor ngieemj lieeuj phoos Wall cos theer ddur suwcs trowr thanhf Trung taam Taif chinhs Thees giowis hay khoong. Khoanr vay Anh – Phaps (Anglo – French Loan) trij gias 500 trieeuj USD chinhs thuwcs dduwowcj mowr manf. Toongr thoongs Wilson voons dix truwowcs ddos luoon kieen quyeets phanr ddoois vieecj nayf ddax khoong choongs ddowx dduwowcj suwj taans coong tuwf car phias cacs nhaf ngaan hangf laanx cacs thanhf vieen nooij cacs. Taan Booj truwowngr Ngoaij giao cuar Wilson laf Robert Lansing canhr baos rawngf: “Neeus khoong cos cacs khoanr vay thif neenf sanr xuaats sex bij hanj chees, coong nghieepj suy thoais, nguoonf voons vaf suwcs lao ddoongj bor khoong, nguy cow phas sanr sex dieenx ra treen quy moo lowns, suwj tuwcs giaanj vaf baats manx cuar daan chungs sex tawng leen” (5) (Ron Chernow, Gia toocj Morgan (The House of Morgan) – New York: Grove Press 1990 - tr . 198). Nghe xong, Wilson toats moof hooi lanh, chir conf bieets nhuwowngj booj theem laanf nuwax. Ddoosi vowis vieecj bans coong trais ra ngoaif vowis quy moo chuwa tuwngf cos nhuw laanf nayf, cacs ngaan hangf phoos Wall cungx ddax phair tung heets chieeu cuar minhf. 61 nhaf taif phieetj kys nhaanj trachs nhieemj thanh toans coong trais vaf 1570 cow caaus taif chinhs tham gia vaof nghieepj vuj phats hanhf vaf tieeu thuj (6) (Ron Chernow, Gia toocj Morgan (The House of Morgan) – New York: Grove Press 1990 - tr . 200). Ddaay laf mootj nhieemj vuj cuwcj kyf gian nan, ddawcj bieetj laf vieecj mowr roongj tieeu thuj nhuwngx coong trais nayf ddeens mieenf Trung vaf Taay Myx cangf trowr neen khos khawn hown. Nguwowif daan Myx ddeeuf khoong cho rawngf cuoocj chieens tranh laf vaans ddeef cuar chaau Aau vaf hoj quan heej truwcj tieeps gif trong cuoocj chieens tranh ddos, ddoongf thowif khoong muoons ddem tieenf ddoor vaof cuoocj chieens. Ddeer ddanhs tan suwj nghi ngowf nayf, cacs ngaan hangf ddax manhj mieengj tuyeen truyeenf rawngf, nguoonf tieenf ddaauf tuw nayf sex owr laij nuwowcs Myx. Mawcj duf ddax dungf raats nhieeuf chieeu thuwcs, nhuwng vungf Trun vaf Taay Myx chir cos mootj ngaan hangf cuar Chicago chiuj gia nhaapj vaof ddooij quaan cuar phoos Wall. Hanhf ddoongj nayf laapj tuwcs ddax gaay phaanx nooj

ddoois vowis haauj dueej cuar nguwowif Dduwcs owr vungf nayf. Hoj ddax phats ddoongj kees hoachj ngawn chawnj cacs cuoocj vaanj ddoongj cuar ngaan hangf. Ddeens cuoois nawm 1915, vaanx cos mootj khoanr coong trais trij gias 187 trieeuj USD chuwa dduwowcj bans xong. Khi chieens tranh buwowcs sang thowif khawcs quan trongj, ddeer kieems dduwowcj nhieeuf tieenf hown nuwax, chinhs phur Anh tuyeen boos sex truwng thu thuees thu nhaapj lowij tuwcs ddoois vowis coong trais Myx maf nguwowif daan Anh ddang nawms giuwx. Nguwowif daan Anh laapj tuwcs bans ddoor bans thaos nhuwngx coong trais nayf. Ngaan hangf Anh quoocs ddax raats nhanh tay thu mua mootj luwowngj khoongr loof coong trais Myx vaf laapj tuwcs ra leenhj cho cacs coong ty ddaij lys cuar Morgan owr Myx ddem nhuwngx coong trais nayf ra tieeu thuj owr phoos Wall. Cacs nhaf ddaauf tuw Myx tuwj nhieen ddons nhaanj khoanr coong trais cuar nuwowcs minhf, thaatj nhanh chongs khoanr coong trais trij gias 3 tyr USD ddax chayr vaof thij truwowngf nuwowcs Anh laij thu dduwowcj mootj khoanr tieenf khoongr loof ddeer chi trar cho chieens suwj. Nhuwng vij tris chur nowj dduwowcj tichs luyx hown mootj trawm nawm cuar nguwowif Anh trong thoangs choocs ddax tan theo khois luwar cuar chieens tranh. Tuwf ddaay, trong moois quan heej chur nowj cuar Anh ddoois vowis Myx ddax thay ddooir veef cawn banr. Tins dungj cuar Myx nhuw dduwowcj tieeps theem daauf vaof luwar. Ngonj luwar chieens tranh ddax bawts ddaauf tuwcs toocs lan tranf, muwcs ddooj thamr khoocs cuar cuoocj chieens cungx theo ddos maf leo thang cuwcj ddooj. Chir trong chieens dichj soong Mane, nooij chir mootj ngayf, cacs nuwowcs ddoongf minh ddax tieeu toons heets 200 nghinf phats ddanj phaos. Nhaan loaij cuoois cungf ddax hieeur dduwowcj rawngf, suwj keets howpj giuwax heej thoongs sanr xuaats coong nghieepj hieenj ddaij, haauj caanf hieenj ddaij vaf thur ddoanj taif chinhs hieenj ddaij cos theer khieens cho cuoocj chieens tranh ngayf cangf theem thamr khoocs vaf keos daif. Cuoocj chieens tranh khieens cho vaatj tuw tieeu hao vowis toocs ddooj chongs mawtj. Chieens tranh ddax khieens cacs nuwowcs tham chieens baats chaaps moij gias ddeer theo dduooir, baats chaaps moij gias ddeer vay ngaan hangf. Ddos laf lys do giair thichs taij sao chieens tranh luoon laf ddieeuf maf cacs nhaf ngaanh hangf mong chowf vaf yeeu thichs.

2. Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang thowif chieens duwowis suwj thao tungs cuar Benjamin Strong

Benjamin Strong bawts ddaauf gaay dduwowcj suwj chus ys cuar coong chungs vaof nawm 1904, khi oong trowr thanhf Quyeenf Chur tichj cuar Ngaan hangf Trust. Khi ddos, Davison – mootj nhaan vaatj thaan tins cuar Morgan – ddang lo lawngs truwowcs vieecj cacs coong ty uyr thacs ngayf cangf lowns manhj. Phamj vi ngieepj vuj cuar nhuwngx coong ty uyr thacs nayf conf roongj hown cacs ngaan hangf thuwowng maij vaf bij chinhs phur trois buoocj its hown, vif vaayj cos theer thu huts taif chinhs vowis muwcs lowij nhuaanj cao hown. Ddeer ddoois phos vowis suwj canhj tranh mowis nayf, sau khi dduwowcj suwj ddoongf ys cuar Morgan, vaof nawm 1903, Davison ddax can duwj vaof vieecj mua bans uyr thacs, vaf Strong trowr thanhf nguwowif thuwcj thi cuj theer cuar Davison. Trong cown khungr hoangr nawm 1907, uyr thacs ngaan hangf conf cos theem cacs hanhf ddoongj cuwus vanx cow caaus taif chinhs khacs, vaf nhowf vaayj maf danh tieengs cuar Strong nooir nhuw coonf. Sau khi Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx thanhf laapj nawm 1913, Davis vaf Paul Warburg timf ddeens Strogn ddeer tieens hanhf cuoocj ddamf phans vowis hy vongj Strong sex ddamr nhaanj vij tris Chur tichj Ngaan hangf New York thuoocj Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx. Vaf Strong vui ver ddoongf ys. Tuwf ddaay, Strong trowr thanhf nhaan vaatj chinhs yeeus trong heej thoongs duwj truwx lieen bang Myx. Strong nhanh chons thichs uwngs vowis vai trof mowis. Oong ta ddax thanhf laapj mootj dieenx ddanf, tieens hanhf hopj ddinhj kyf ddeer thuwowng thaor veef cacs quy tawcs hanhf ddoongj cur Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang trong thowif kyf chieens tranh. Vowis nhuwngx thur ddoanj voo cungf kheos leos Strong ddax thao tungs chinhs sachs tieenf teej cuar Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang, ddoongf thowif taapj trung quyeenf luwcj phaan tans tuwf cacs ngaan hangf 12 khu vuwcj truwcj thuoocj Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang veef tay Ngaan hangf New York. Beef ngoaif, Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx cho pheps Ngaan hangf Duwj truwx Lieen bang owr 12 khu vuwcj treen toanf nuwowcs Myx dduwowcj quyeenf cawn cuws vaof nhu caauf thuwcj tees cuar ddiaj phuwonwg maf ddawtj ra chinhs sachs veef tyr leej chieets khaaus cuar mooix nowi cungx nhuw caamf coos ngaan phieeus thuwowng nghieepj, hay nois

cachs khacs, Chur tichj Ngaan hangf Duwj truwx cuar cacs bang sex cos quyeenf quyeets ddinhj loaij ngaan phieeus thuwowng nghieepj naof cos theer caamf coos vowis muwcs chieeets khaaur ra sao. Ddeens nawm 1917, cos its nhaats 13 loaij quy tawcs caamf coos ngaan phieeus thuwowng nghieepj khacs nhau ddax dduwowcj laapj neen (7) (Glyn Davis. Lichj suwr tieenf teej tuwf thowif coor ddaij ddeens nayf (Hitory of Money From Ancient Times to the Present Day) – University of Wales Press 2002, chuwowng 9). Thees nhuwng, do chieens tranh, soos coong trais dduwowcj dungf lamf ngaan phieeus caamf coos cuar Ngaan hangf New York thuoocj Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx treen thuwcj tees khoong nguwngf tawng nhanh, do vaayj maf hanj muwcs coong trais ddax vuwowtj xa raats nhieeuf so vowis toongr ngaan phieeus thuwowng nghieepj khacs, chawngr maays choocs ddax khieens cho chinhs sachs caamf coos ngaan phieeus cuar cacs ngaan hangf khu vuwcj khacs thuoocj Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx trowr neen voo hieeuj.Duwowis suwj khoongs chees cuar Strong, “thao tacs thij truwowngf coong khai” ddax xem coong trais laf ngaan phieeus caamf coos chur yeeus vaf duy nhaats, tuwf ddos toanf booj heej thoongs Cucj Duwj truwx 1 lieen bang Myx bij thao tungs mootj cachs nhanh chongs. Do vieecj phats hanhf cacs khoanr cho vay quy moo lowns ddeer trowj giups taif chinhs cho cuoocj chieens chaau Aau neen luwu luwowngj tieenf teej Myx giamr ddi ghee gowms, uy luwcj cuar Ngaan hangf Trung uwowng bawts ddaauf dduwowcj hieenj rox. Chinhs phur Myx bawts ddaauf tawng theem luwowngj coong trais khoongr loof, conf Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx thif cungx tieeps nhaanj vowis khoois luwowngj ddangs kinh ngacj. Chi phieeus Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang (Federal Reserve Note) vowis hanj ngachj lowns oof atj hoaf vaof dongf chayr tieenf teej chawngr khacs naof nuwowcs lux vowx ddee, boor xung cho suwj thieeus hutj tieenf teej do cacs khoanr vay chieens tranh maf chaau Aau gaay neen. Cais gias phair trar laf suwj tawng leen theo chieeuf thawngr dduwngs cuar cacs khoanr coong trais Myx, keets quar laf chir trong vongf 4 nawm keer tuwf khi Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang ddi vaof hoatj ddoongj (tuwf nawm 1916 ddeens nawm 1920), soos coong trais cuar Myx ddax tawng ddootj bieens gaaps 25 laanf, tuwf 1 tyr USD leen

ddeens 25 tyr USD (8) (Glyn Davis. Lichj suwr tieenf teej tuwf thowif coor ddaij ddeens nayf (History of Money From Ancient Times to The Present Day) – Univesity of Wales Press 2002, tr 506). Taats car soos coong trais hieenj cos cuar Myx ddeeuf duwaj treen nhuwngx khoanr thuees chuwa noopj cuar nguwowif daan Myx ddeer thees chaaps. Keets quar laf trong chieens tranh, cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf kieems dduwowcj nhuwngx khoanr tieenf khoongr loof trong khi nguwowif daan laij maats tieenf, maats suwcs, thaamj chis laf car maus.

3. Myx tham chieens “vif nguyeen tawcs daan chur vaf ddaoj dduwcs”

Khi dduwowcj mootj ddoongf nghieepj laf ddaij suws Thoor Nhix Kyf taij Dduwcs hoir vowis thais ddooj ddaayf ver hoaif nghi rawngf taij sao Myx caanf phair gaay chieens vowis Dduwcs, vij ddaij suws Myx ddaps rawngf: “Nguwowif Myx chungs tooi tham chieens vif nguyeen tawcs ddaoj dduwcs”. Caau trar lowif nhuw vaayj khieens cho ddaij suws Thoor Nhix Kyf vof ddaauf vuoots trans. Tieens six Kissinger ddax giair thichs veef vieecj nayf: “Nuwowcs Myx tuwf ngayf laapj quoocs ddeens nay luoon tuwj cho minhf laf ker khacs nguwowif. Treen binhf dieenj ngoaij giao, hoj ddax taoj ra hai thais ddooj maau thuaanx nhau: mootj laf thucs ddaayr chees ddooj daan chur trong nuwowcs ngayf cangf trowr neen hoanf haor; hai laf quan ddieemr gias trij cuar Myx khieens cho nhaan daan nuwowcs nayf tin rawngf hoj caanf phair truyeenf bas nhuwngx quan ddieemr nayf ratoanf thees giowis” (9) ((Henry Kissinger, Thuaatj ngoaij giao (Diplomacy) – Simon & Schuster; 4/4/1995, Chuwowng 9). Quar thaatj, nhuwngx gif nuwowcs Myx trair qua cos khacs vowis cacs quoocs gia khacs treen thees giowis. Khais nieemj gias trij daan chur cuar Myx cungx quar thaatj laf xuwngs ddangs cho nguwowif ta ca tungj, nhuwng neeus nois rawngf nuwowcs Myx ddax tham gia chieens tranh thees giowis laanf thuws nhaats chir vif ddaoj dduwcs vaf lys tuwowngr, thif cos theer tieens six Kissinger ddax suy ddoans mootj cachs hoof ddoof. Ngayf 5 thangs 3 nawm 1917, trong buwcs maatj thuw guwir cho toongr thoongs Wilson, ddaij suws Myx Walter Hines Page – nguwowif ddang thuwowngf trus owr Anh lucs ddos – ddax nois rawngf: “Tooi cho rawngf cuoocj khungr hoangr sawps towis sex vuwowtj ra ngoaif khar nawng

chiuj dduwngj cho vieecj cung caaps cacs khoanr vay cuar coong ty Morgan ddoois vowis Anh vaf Phaps. Suwj giups ddowx lowns nhaats cuar chungs ta cos theer cung caaps cho cacs nuwowcs ddoongf minh chinhs laf tins dungj. Neeus khoong khai chieens vowis Dduwcs, chinhs phur cuar chungs ta sex khoong theer cung caaps tins dungj truwcj tieeps cho cacs nuwowcs ddoongf minhf” (10) (Eustace Mullins. Bis maatj cuar Cucj Duwj truwx lieen bang (The Secret of the Federal Reserve) – Bankers Research Institute, 1985, Chuwowng 8). Lucs nayf heej thoongs coong nghieepj nawngj cuar Myx ddax chuaanr bij car nawm cho vieecj tham chieens. Tuwf nawm 1916, lucj quaan vaf hair quaan Myx ddax bawts ddaauf mua mootj luwowngj lowns cacs khis taif hangj nawngj. Ddeer tawng theem nguoonf taif chinhs, cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf vaf cacs chinhs trij gia ddax bawts ddaauf nghix ra nhieeuf kees sachs hown nuwax. “Cuoocj xung ddootj khieens chungs ta phair suy nghix theem mootj buwowcs phats trieenr khais nieemj thuees thu nhaapj- mootj nguoonf voons quan trongj vaanx chuwa dduwowcj khai thacs. Duwj luaatj thuees thu nhaapj ddax dduwowcj xaay duwngj ddeer phucj vuj cho nhu caauf chieens tranh” (11) (Cordel Hull, Hooif kys (Macmillan, New York, 1948) taapj 1, tr 76). Luwu ys rawngf, thuees thu nhaapj owr ddaay cos nghiax laf thuees thu nhaapj coong ty chuws khoong phair laf thuees thu nhaapj cas nhaan. Trong nawm 1916, cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf ddax hai laanf timf cachs thoong qua Duwj luaatj yeeu caauf noopj thuees thu nhaapj cas nhaan, nhuwng car hai laanf cuoois cungf ddeeuf bij Toaf ans toois cao bacs bor. Owr Myx, quy ddinhj ddongs thuees thu nhaapj cas nhaan tuwf truwowcs ddeens nay voons chawngr cos phaps luaatj lamf cawn cuws. Ngayf 28 thangs 7 nawm 2006, booj phim “Nuwowcs Myx tuwf tuwj do ddeens chur nghiax phats xits” (America: Freedom to Fascism) dduwowcj coong chieeus roongj raix khawps nuwowcs myx. Oongs kinhs cuar Aaron Russo – ddaoj dieenx ddieenj anhr nooir tieengs nguwowif Myx tuwngf 6 laanf ddeef cuwr giair Oscar – ddax theer hieenj mootj suwj thaatj traanf truij. Khi dduwowcj coong chieeus taij lieen hoan phim Canes nawm 2006, booj phim ddax gaay chaans ddoongj manhj mex cho coong chungs. Sau khi chuwngs kieens mootj canhr tuwonwgj chaan thuwcj veef suwj khacs bieetj cuar chinhs phur Myx so vowis

nhuwngx gif hoj reeu rao vaf nhuwngx thees luwcj taif chinhs sau luwng nos thif camr giacs ddaauf tieen cuar taats car khans giar lucs ddos thaatj khos cos theer tar nooir. Trong toongr soos hown 3.000 rapj chieeus cuar Myx, chir cos 5 rapj dams coong chieeus booj phim nayf. Sau khi dduwowcj dduwa leen mangj, booj phim nayf vaanx taoj neen anhr huwowngr to lowns khawps nuwowcs Myx, 940.000 ngwowif ddax tair booj phim nayf veef xem, 8.100 nguwowif tham gia binhf luaanj vowis nhuwngx ddanhs gias cao nhaats (12) (http: “www.freedomtofascism.com). Ngayf 13 thangs 10 nawm 1917, toongr thoongs Wilson ddax phats bieeur long trongj rawngf: “Nhieemj vuj caaps bachs laf caanf phair huy ddoongj trieetj ddeer nguoonf taif nguyeen ngaan hangf cuar Myx. Aps luwcj vaf quyeenf lowij tuwf cacs khoanr cho ddoongf minh vay caanf phair dduwowcj tuwngf ngaan hangf cuar ddaats nuwowcs nayf ganhs vacs. Tooi tin rawngf, suwj howpj tacs ngaan hangf nhuw vaayj trong thowif khawcs nayf laf mootj cachs yeeu nuwowcs. Cacs ngaan hangf thanhf vieen cuar Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx chinhs laf suwj chuwngs minh cho chur nghiax yeeu nuwowcs ddawcj bieetj vaf quan trongj nhuw vaayj” (13) (Ron Chernow, Gia toocj Morgan (The House of Morgan) – New York: Grove Press 1990, Chuwowng 10). Wilson – mootj giaos suw ddaij hocj – thuwaf bieets ai ddax dduwa oong ddeens vowis con dduwowngf quyeenf luwcj trong Nhaf Trawngs. Banr thaan toongr thoongs Wilson cungx khoong tin vaof cuoocj thanhs chieens “daan chur cuwus vanx thees giowis” thuwowngf dduwowcj nhawcs ddeens. Sau nayf, oong ddax thuwaf nhaanj rawngf “chieens tranh theex giowis dieenx ra chawngr qua laf vif canhj tranh kinh tees maf thooi”. Suwj thaatj laf, khoanr vay 3 tyr USD maf Myx cung caaps cho cacs nuwowcs ddoongf minh vaf khoanr vaatj tuw xuaats khaaur trij gias 6 tyr USD Myx vaanx chuwa dduwowcj hoanf trar. Neeus nhuw Dduwcs gianhf thawngs lowij thif coong trais cuar cacs nuwowcs ddoongf minh hieenj ddang nawmf trong tay cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf sex chawngr gias mootj xu. Vif muoons baor veej cacs khoanr cho vay cuar minhf maf Morgan, Rockefeller, Paul Warburg vaf Schiff ddax ddoongf taam hieepj luwucj ddaayr nuwowcs Myx vaof cuoocj chieens tranh.

4. Cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf ddaij phats taif nhowf ddaij chieens.

Ngay car khi Myx tham chieens vaof ngayf 6 thangs 4 nawm 1917, Wilson ddax trao quyeenf luwcj chur yeeus cuar ddaats nuwowcs cho nhuwngx nguwowif cos coong giups oong nhieeuf nhaats trong cuoocj tranh cuwr laf: Paul Warburg – nawms giuwx heej thoongs ngaan hangf cuar Myx; Bernard Baru – nawms giuwx chuwcs chur tichj uyr ban coong nghieepj thowif chieens (War Industries Board); Eugene Meyer – kieemr soats coong ty taif chinhs thowif chieens (War Finance Corporation).

# Anh em nhaf Warburg

Max Warburg – anh trai cuar Paul ddamr nhaanj chuwcs Cucj truwowngr Cucj tinhf baos Dduwcs, conf Paul trowr thanhf Phos chur tichj Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx – nguwowif chiuj trachs nhieemj gaanf nhuw laf cao nhaats veef taif chinhs cuar Myx; nguwowif em trai thuws ba Felix laf coor ddoong cao caaps cuar coong ty Kuhn Loeb, em trai thuws tuw Friz – giuwx chuwcs Chur tichj Sowr Giao dichj Vangf Hamburg, tuwngf ddaij dieenj cho nuwowcs Dduwcs bis maatj giangr hoaf vowis Nga. Toanf booj boons anh em ddeeuf laf nhuwngx nhaan vaatj chops bu trong dongf toocj ngaan hangf Do Thais. Lieen quan ddeens anh em nhaf Paul, ngayf 12 thangs 2 nawm 1918, baos caos bis maatj cuar Hair quaan Myx cos vieets rawngf: “Paul Warburg: New York, goocs Dduwcs, nawm 1911 nhaapj quoocs tichj thanhf coong daan Myx. Nawm 1912, dduwowcj hoangf ddees Dduwcs tawngj huaan chuwowng. Tuwngf giuwx chuwcs Phos chur tichj Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx. Cos mootj nguwowif anh em giuwx chuwcs Cucj truwowngr Cucj tinhf baos Dduwcs” (14) (Eustace Mullins. Bis maatj cuar Cucj Duwj truwx lieen bang (The Secrets of the Federal Reserve) – Bankers Reserch Institute, 1985, Chuwowng 8). Trong mootj baos caos khacs ddeef caapj ddeens “hoangf ddees nuwowcs Dduwcs”, William deej nhij ddax tuwngf ddaapj banf quats vaof mawtj Max rawngf, “lex naof anh luoon ddungs sao?”, nhuwng sau ddos vaanx tuwr tees lawngs nghe ys kieens cuar Max veef vaans ddeef taif chinhs (15) (Max Warburg, Hooif kys cuar Max Warburg, Berlin, 1936).

Ddieeuf khieens nguwowif ta camr thaays kyf laj laf thangs 5 nawm 1918, Paul ddax tuwf chuwcs owr Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx, nhuwng trong banr baos caos nayf laij khoong ddeef caapj ddeens. Sau khi Myx tham chieens, thif anh trai cuar Paul ddang ddamr nhieenj chuwcs Cucj truwowngr Cucj tinhf baos Dduwcs, neen veef lys thuyeets, Paul cos theer bij nghir ngowi laf thoong ddoongf vowis ddichj, nhuwng treen thuwcj tees, nuwowcs Myx chawngr cos ai nawng ddoongj ddeens muwcs cos theer nawms giuwx dduwowcj machj maus taif chinhs. Thangs 6 nawm 1918, ngay sau khi tuwf chuwcs Cucj Duwj truwx Lieenb ang Myx, Paul ddax vieets cho Wilson mootj maaur tin nhawns rawngf: “Tooi cos hai nguwowif anh em hieenj ddang lamf chur cacs ngaan hangf owr Dduwc. Theo lex dduwowng nhieen, hoj phair taanj luwcj giups ddaats nuwowcs minhf, cungx gioongs nhuw tooi ddang giups ddaats nuwowcs ta vaayj (16).

# Bernard Baruch – Sa hoangf coong nghieepj Myx thowif chieens

Vowis banr chaats cuar mootj nguwowif nhowf ddaauf cow maf phaats nhanh, Baruch ddax howpj nhaats 6 coong ty thuoocj las quan trongj cuar Myx vaof nawm 1896, thanhf laapj neen Coong ty thuoocs las Lieen howpj (Consolidated Tobaco Company). Sau ddos, oong laij giups dongf hoj Guggeenheim thaau toms neenf coong nghieepj khai khoangs ddoongf cuar Myx vaf conf howpj tacs vowis Harriman – mootj nhaan vaatj duwowis truwowngs cuar Schiff – ddeer khoongs chees heej thoongs vaanj chuyeenr owr New York. Nawm 1901, Baruch cungf cacs anh em cuar minhf thanhf laapj coong ty mang teen Baruch Brothers. Sau khi dduwowcj toongr thoongs Wilson boor nhieemj vaof vij tris Chur tichj uyr ban Coong nghieepj thowif chieens Myx vaof nawm 1917, ngay laapj tuwcs Baruchs ddax cos dduwowcj quyeenf sinh sats ddoois vowis cacs coong ty coong nghieepj owr Myx. Thu nhaapj mooix nawm cuar Baruch leen towis 10 tyr USD vaf oong ta trowr thanhf nguwowif quyeets ddinhj gias mua bans vaatj tuw chieens tranh cuar chinhs phur Myx. Trong mootj cuoocj ddieeuf traanf taij Quoocs hooij nawm 1935, Baruch nois rawngf:

“Toongr thoongs Wilson giao cho tooi mootj buwcs thuw, trao quyeenf cho tooi tieeps quanr baats cuws doanh nghieepj coong nghieepj vaf coong xuwowngr naof. Tooi vaf Chur tichj Judge Gay cuar coong ty gang theps Myx cos ddooi chuts hieemf khichs, nhuwng ngay sau khi dduwowcj xem buwcs thuw nayf, oong ta nois: “Xem ra chungs ta caanf phair giair quyeets xichs michs giuwax ddooi been”, vaf quar thuwcj oong ta ddax lamf nhuw vaayj (17) (Lowif khai cuar Baruch truwowcs Uyr ban Nye, 13/9/1937). Cos mootj soos Nghij six Quoocs hooij tor ra nghi ngowf tuw cachs cuar Baruch trong cacs quyeets ddinhj mang tinhs sinh sats ddoois vowis neenf coong nghieepj Myx, cho rawngf oong ta vuwaf khoong phair laf nhaf coong nghieepj, laij chuwa tuwngf bieets thees naof laf coong xuwowngr, vaf ngay taij buooir ddieeuf traanf truwowcs Quoocs hooij, oong ta cungx ddax tuwj thuwaf nhaanj ngheef nghieepj chinhs cuar minhf laf “nhaf ddaauf cow”. Towf The New Yorkers ddax tuwngf ddawng tair mootj thoong tin rawngf, sau khi bieets dduwowcj Washington tung ra tin hoaf binhf giar, Baruch ddax kieems dduwowcj ddeens 750 trieeuj USD trong mootj ngayf.

# Coong ty taif chinhs thowif chieens cuar Eugene Meyer.

Cha cuar Eugene Meyer laf ddoongf sowr huwux Lazard Freres – mootj ngaan hangf quoocs tees nooir tieengs. Eugene laf nguwowif cos longf nhieetj tinhf khacs thuwowngf ddoois vowis kinh doanh. Oong ddax tuwngf howpj tacs vowis Baruch ddeer laapj ra coong ty khoangs sanr Alaska, ddoongf thowif cungf howpj tacs trong mootj soos giao dichj khacs. Mootj trong nhuwngx suws meenhj quan trongj cuar Coong ty Taif cinhs thowif chieens chinhs laf phats hanhf vaf tieeu thuj coong trais Myx, cung caaps nhuwngx khoanr taif chinhs cho chieens tranh. Khoong cos mootj hanhf ddoongj naof cuar Coong ty Taif chinhs thowif chieens do Eugene ddieeuf hanhf khieens nguwowif ta kinh haix hown vieecj lamf giar soor sachs, rooif sangs hoom sau dduwa cho cacs nhaan vieen ddieeuf tra cuar Quoocs hooij xem. Duwowis suwj ddieeuf hanhf cuar nghij six Mcfadden, trong hai cuoocj ddieeuf tra ddoois vowis coong

ty nayf vaof cacs nawm 1925 vaf 1930, nguwowif ta ddax phats hieenj ra nhieeuf vaans ddeef: “Soos luwowngj coong trais trungf lawpj leen ddeens 2.814 nhoms, soos luwowngj trieets khaaus trungf lawpj leen ddeens 4.698 nhoms, gias trij tieenf mawtj tuwf 50 USD ddeens 1.000 USD, thowif gian hoois ddoais ddeens thangs 7 nawm 1924. Trong ddos, mootj soos duwx lieeuj trungf lawpj laf do nhaamf laanx, conf soos khacs thif do lamf giar soor sachs” (18) (Eustace Mullins. Bis maatj cuar Cucj Duwj truwx lieen bang (The Secrets of the Federal Reserve) – Bankers Reserch Institute, 1985, Chuwowng 8).Chawngr thees maf sau khi chieens tranh keets thucs, Eugene ddax cos theer mua laij Coong ty lieen howpj hoas hocj vaf thuoocs nhuoomj (Allied Chemical an Dye Corporation), sau ddos laij mua tieeps towf Washington Post. Cawn cuws theo tinhs toans, soos luwowngj soor sachs giar cuar Eugene its nhaats ddax taoj neen muwcs thaam hutj coong trais ddeens hangf maays trawm trieeuj USD (19) (Eustace Mullins. Bis maatj cuar Cucj Duwj truwx lieen bang (The Secrets of the Federal Reserve) – Bankers Reserch Institute, 1985, Chuwowng 8).

# Edward Stettingius – nguwowif sangs laapj Toor howpj coong nghieepj quoocs phongf Myx.

Edward Stettinius laf mootj nguwowif heets suwcs caanr trongj, caau neej tuwngf chi tieets, truwowcs ddaay phats taif nhowf ngheef ddaauf cow luwowng thuwcj owr Chicago. Trong thowif kyf chieens tranh, oong dduwowcj Morgan caan nhawcs vaf boor nhieemj chuwcs quanr lys Booj phaanj xuaats khaaur (Export Department), chur yeeus phuj trachs mua sawm vux khis ddanj duwowcj. Oong trowr thanhf nguwowif chi tieenf nooir tieengs treen thees giowis trong thowif kyf chieens tranh. Soos vaatj tuw quaan suwj mua sawms mooix ngayf leen towis 10 trieeuj USD, sau ddos ddem nhuwngx vaatj tuw nayf xeeps xuoongs thuyeenf, nieem phong, vaanj chuyeenr ddeens chaau Aau. Oong ddax ddem heets suwcs minhf ddeer naang cao nawng suaats sanr xuaats cungx nhuw nawng suaats vaanj chuyeenr taij truj sowr 23 phoos Wall, chir caanf oong ra leenhj mootj tieengs thif voo soos cacs ddaij lys hay cacs nhaf buoon thieets bij quaan suwj ddoor nhaof ddeens.

Taij mooix cuwar phongf lamf vieecj haauf nhuw ddeeuf cos canhr sats baor veej. Mooix thangs, luwowngj mua sawms cuar oong tuwowng dduwowng vowis toongr gias trij sanr xuaats cuar nguwowif daan thees giowis 20 nawm truwowcs. Nguwowif Dduwcs khoong theer ngowf rawngf, trong mootj khoangr thowif gian ngawns nhuw vaayj maf nuwowcs Myx cos theer chuyeenr tuwf mooi truwowngf sanr xuaats thowif binhf sang quyx ddaoj sanr xuaats coong nghieepj quaan suwj thowif chieens.

# Davison – thaan tins cuar Morgan

Nhowf ddoor coong suwcs laapj ra ddees chees Morgan vaf coor ddoong cao caaps cuar coong ty J. P. Morgan neen Davison ddax nhaanj dduwowcj mieengs mooif beos bowr nayf tuwf Hooij Chuwx thaapj ddor Myx, tuwf ddos ddax khoongs chees khoanr tieenf khoongr loof leen ddeens 370 trieeuj USD do nguwowif daan Myx quyeen tawngj.

5. “Hoaf uwowcs Versailles”: Banr howpj ddoongf nguwngf bawns kyf hanj 20 nawm

Ngayf 11 thangs 11 nawm 1918, cuoocj Chieens tranh thees giowis thuws nhaats tanf khoocs vaf ddaamx maus cuoois cungf cungx ddax haj manf. Trong vai trof laf nuwows chieens baij, Dduwcs ddax bij maats ddi 13% lanhx thoor ddoongf thowif phair chiuj trachs nhieemj booif thuwowngf mootj khoanr 32 tyr USD, ngoaif ra mooix nawm conf chiuj theem khoanr laix suaats 500 trieeuj USD, bij truwng thu 26 % khoanr phis ngoaif ddinhj muwcs ddoois vowis hang hoas xuaats khaaur vaf maats luoon quyeenf kieemr soats ddoois vowis cacs xuws thuoocj ddiaj. Soos luwowngj lucj quaan chir dduwowcj giuwx laij 100 nghinf nguwowif, cacs chieens hamj chur luwcj cuar hair quaan khoong dduwowcj vuwowtj quas 6 chieecs, khoong dduwowcj trang bij cacs loaij khis taif hangj nawngj nhuw tauf ngaamf, mays bay, xe tawng hoawcj trongj phaos. David Loyd George – Thur tuwowngs Anh, ddax tuwngf tuyeen boos “phair ddem dduwowcj tieenf veef cho duf cos phair lucj soats heets tuis cuar nguwowif Dduwcs ddi chawng nuwax”, nhuwng veef phias minhf, oong ta cungx thuwaf nhaanj: “Vawn kieenj (hoaf uwowcs) maf chungs ta ddax soanj thaor ddax gieo maamf cho cuoocj chieens tranh 20 nawm sau.

Nhuwngx ddieeuf kieenj maf cacs banj aps ddawtj cho nguwowif Dduwcs cos theer khieens nguwowif Dduwcs hoawcj laf khoong tuaan thur ddieeuf uwowcs, hoawcj laf phats ddoongj chieens tranh”. Curzon – Booj truownwgr ngoaij giao Anh cungx cos cachs nhinf tuwowng tuwj, oong nois: “Hoaf uwowcs nayf sex chawngr ddem laij hoaf binhf, maf nos chir cos theer laf mootj banr hoaf uwowcs ddinhf chieens cos thowif hanj 20 nawm maf thooi”. Sau khi xem xong banr hoaf uwowcs nayf, toongr thoongs Myx Wilson cungx ddax nhuns mayf nois rawngf: “Neeus laf nguwowif Dduwcs thif tooi nghix rawngf minhf sex tuyeetj ddoois khoong ddawtj buts kys banr hoaf uwowcs nayf”. Vaans ddeef khoong phair laf cacs chinhs trij gia cos ys thuwcs dduwowcj banr chaats cuar vaans ddeef hay khoong maf phuj thuoocj vaof “cacs suw phuj” sau luwng hoj – nhuwngx nguwowif ra quyeets sachs thuwcj suwj. Cacs oong trumf ngaan hangf thaps tungf toongr thoongs Wilson trong cuoocj vi hanhf ddeens Paris goomf cos: Coos vaans taif chinhs cao caaps Paul Warburg, Morgan vaf luaatj suwj Fexix cuar oong, Thomas Lemon – coor ddoong cao caaps cuar coong ty Morgan, Baru – Chur tichj uyr ban coong nghieepj thowif chieens, anh em nhaf Dulles (mootj nguwowif laf nhaan vaatj chops bu cuar CIA sau nayf, mootj nguwowif laf Booj truwowngr ngoaij giao). Sau luwng thur tuwowngs Anh laf Philip Sassoon – con chaus ddichs toon cuar dongf hoj Rothschild. Jeroboam Rothschild cans booj tham muwu caaps cao cuar thur tuwowngsw Phaps Clemenceau. Nguwowif daanx ddaauf ddoanf ddaij bieeur cuar Dduwcs chinhs laf Max Warburg anh trai cuar Paul. Khi cacs nhaf taif phieetj quoocs tees teef tuwuj ddeens Paris, trong vai trof cuar chur nhaf, nawm tuwowcs Edmond de Rothschild tieeps ddaix cacs vij khachs quys nhieetj tinhf. Oong boos tris cacs quan khachs cos maus mawtj cuar ddoanf ddaij bieeur Myx nghir ngowi trong dinh thuwj loongj laayx cuar minhf owr Paris. Thuwcj tees, hooij nghij hoaf binhf Paris laf mootj cuoocj lieen hoan cuar cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf quoocs tees. Sau khi phaats manhj nhowf vaof cacs khoanr tieenf thu dduwowcj tuwf cuoocj chieens tranh, hoj ddax tieenj tay gieo maamf cho cuoocj chieens tranh tieeps theo: chieens tranh thees giowis laanf thuws hai.

6. Chieens dichj xens loong cuwuf vaf cuoocj suy thoais noong nghieepj nawm 1921 owr Myx.

Ngayf 1 thangs 9 nawm 1894, chungs ta sex ddinhf chir taats car vieecj keos daif cacs khoanr vay. Ngayf ddos, chungs ta sex vets laij heets tieenf cuar minhf, sex tichj thu vaf phats maix cacs taif sanr conf chuwa thanh toans heets cho chungs ta, sex dungf gias do chungs ta ddinhj ra ddeer cos dduwowcj hai phaanf ba ddaats ddai noong nghieepj tinhs tuwf soong Mississippi veef phias taay vaf hangf nganf hangf vanj hec-ta ddaats ddai owr mieenf ddoong nuwowcs Myx. Nhuwngx noong daan maats ddaats vif phas sanr sex bieens thanhf nhuwngx ker lamf thuee, chawngr khacs gif owr Anh car. Hieepj hooij cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf Myx nawm 1891 (suwu taamf tuwf ghi cheps cuar Quoocs hooij ngayf 29 thans 4 nawm 1913). “Xens loong cuwuf” (Fleecing of the flock) laf mootj thuaatj nguwx chuyeen moon trong nooij booj cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf, nghiax laf vieecj lowij dungj cow hooij dduwowcj taoj ra trong quas trinhf phats trieenr vaf suy thoais kinh tees ddeer cos dduwowcj taif sanr cuar nguwowif khacs chir bawngf mootj phaanf maays gias trij thuwcj cuar taif sanr aays. Khi cacs ngaan hangf ddax khoongs chees dduwowcj quyeenf phats hanhf tieenf teej cuar Myx thif suwj tawng truwowngr hay suy thoais cuar neenf kinh tees Myx ddax trowr thanhf quas trinhf cos theer khoongs chees chinhs xacs. Hanhf vi “xens loong cuwuf” lucs nayf ddoois vowis ngaan hangf chawngr khacs naof giai ddoanj chuyeenr hoas nhuwngx nguwowif daan du mucj tuwf sawn bawts kieems soongs san sanr xuaats oonr ddinhj nhowf bieets chawn nuooi mootj cachs khoa hocj. Cuoocj chieens tranh thees giowis laanf thuws nhaats ddax ddem ddeens cho nuwowcs Myx suwj phoonf vinh treen dieenj roongj. Vieecj mua sawms vaatj tuw chieens tranh vowis quy moo cuwcj ddaij ddax thucs ddaayr sanr xuaats vaf dichj vuj cuar cacs nganhf coong nghieepj Myx phats trieenr. Tuwf nawm 1914 ddeens nawm 1920, Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx ddax ddaauf tuw nhuwngx khoanr tieenf lowns vaof linhx vuwcj kinh tees. Muwcs laix suaats cuar Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang owr New York tuwf 6% trong nawm 1914 giamr xuoongs conf 3% trong nawm 1916, vaf dduwowcj duy trif maix ddeens nawm 1920.

Ddeer cung caaps cacs khoanr vay lowns cho cacs ddoongf minh, trong vongf hai nawm 1917 – 1918, cacs ngaan hangf ddax boons laanf tieens hanhf huy ddoongj voons treen quy moo lowns, goij laf “trais phieeus tuwj do” (Liberty Bond), laix suaats tawng tuwf 3,5% dddeens 4- 5 %. Mootj mucj ddichs heets suwcs quan trongj cuar cacs ddowtj phats hanhf trais phieeus nayf chinhs laf nhawmf thu huts luwowngj tieenf teej vaf tins dungj maf Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx ddax phats hanhf quas nhieeuf. Trong chieens tranh, nguwowif coong nhaan dduwowcj trar luwowng cao, conf luwowng thuwcj vaf noong daan thif bans raats dduwowcj gias, tinhf trangj kinh tees cuar taangf lowps coong nhaan thowj thuyeenf dduwowcj naang leen ddangs keer. Sau khi chieens tranh keets thucs, do chi phis tieeu dungf giamr xuoongs, noong daan nawms giuwx mootj luwowngj hieenj kim raats lowns, vaf khoanr taif sanr khoongr loof nayf laij khoong nawmf duwowis suwj khoongs chees cuar cacs ngaan hangf phoos Wall. Dda soos noong daan owr mieenf Taay vaf Trung cuar nuwowcs Myx thuwowngf ddem tieenf guwir vaof ngaan hangf ddiaj phuwowng ddeer caats giuwx. Vif maau thuaanx vowis ngaan hangf quoocs tees New York, cacs ngaan hangf vuwaf vaf nhor nayf vuwaf khoong tham gia vaof heej thoongs ngaan hangf Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang, vuwaf khoong ungr hooj ddoois vowis vieecj cho vay chieens tranh owr chaau Aau. Vif thees, cacs laox langf owr phoos Wall muoons timf cow hooij ddeer “chinhr ddoons” cacs ngaan hangf “nhaf quee” nayf ddoongf thowif chuaanr bij ra tay “xens loong cuwuf” ddoois vowis “baayf cuwuf” noong daan beos mups. Cacs ngaan hangf phoos Wall truwowcs heets dungf kees “vowf tha ddeer bawts thaatj”, xaay duwngj mootj cow caaus dduwowcj goij laf “uyr ban cho vay Noong nghieepj Lieen bang” (Federal Farm Loan Board) chuyeen “khuyeens khichs” noong daan ddem nhuwngx ddoongf tieenf moof hooi xuwowng maus cuar minhf ddaauf tuw vaof vieecj mua ddaats ddai mowis. Toor chuwcs nayf chiuj trachs nhieemj cung caaps nhuwngx khoanr vay daif hanj, vaf dduwowng nhieen, ddoois vowis noong daan thif ddieeuf nayf chawngr khacs naof canhr “buoonf ngur gawpj chieeus manh”. Vif thees raats nhieeuf noong daan ddax xin vay voons daif hanj cuar cacs ngaan hangf quoocs tees duwowis suwj ddieeuf

phoois cuar toor chuwcs nayf, vaf noopj khoanr chi ddaauf tieen vowis tyr leej cao. Nhuwngx nguwowif noong daan cos theer chawngr bao giowf ngowf dduwowcj rawngf, hoj ddax rowi vaof cais baayx dduwowcj thieets kees heets suwcs tinh vi. Trong cacs thangs 4, 5, 6, 7 cuar nawm 1920, linhx vuwcj noong nghieepj vaf thuwowng maij ddatj mucs tawng truwowngr tins dungj cao. Ddieeuf nayf ddax giups coong nghieepj cos cow hooij thaos gowx cacs khoanr vay tins dungj. Rieeng chir cos noong daan laf bij tuwf choois khi muoons vay tins dungj. Ddaay laf mootj quar bocj phas taif chinhs dduwowcj phoos Wall thieets kees chinhs xacs! Nos chir nhawmf tuwowcs ddoatj taif sanr cuar noong daan vaf huyr hoaij nhuwngx vungf ddaats noong nghieepj cuar cacs ngaan hangf vuwaf vaf nhor ddax dams cuwj tuyeetj leenhj cuar Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang. Trong mootj hooij nghij, Owen – Chur tichj Ngaan hangf thuwowngj nghij vieenj vaf uyr ban tieenf teej (cungf kys duwj luaatj Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang nawm 1913) – ddax nois rawngf: “Ddaauf nawm 1920, noong daan laf nhuwngx nguwowif cos cuoocj soongs sung tucs. Hoj vay dduwowcj nhieeuf tieenf ddeer mua nhaf cuwar ruoongj vuwownf. Cuoois nawm 1920, vieecj cacs ngaan hangf sieets chawtj tins dungj vaf tieenf teej mootj cachs ddootj ngootj ddax khieens cho noong daan phas sanr hangf loatj. Suwj phas sanr cuar noong daan ddax xayr ra trong nawm 1920 tuwowng phanr hoanf toanf vowis ddieeuf xayr ra (20) (Eustace Mullins. Bis maatj cuar Cucj Duwj truwx lieen bang (The Secrets of the Federal Reserve) – Bankers Reserch Institute, 1985, Chuwowng 9).Nhuwngx khoanr tins dungj ddax dduwowcj tung ra quas nhieeuf trong chieens tranh caanf phair dduwowcj giair quyeets tuwngf buwowcs trong khoangr thowif gian nhaats ddinhj. Ngayf 8 thangs 5 nawm 1920, uyr ban Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx ddax tieens hanhf mootj hooij nghij bis maatj. Hoj ddax hopj kins vowis nhau suoots mootj ngayf, bieen banr hooij nghj dayf ddeens 60 trang, vaf ngayf 19 thangs 2 nawm 1923, nhuwngx bieen banr nayf cuoois cungf cungx ddax xuaats hieenj trong hoof sow cuar thuwowngj nghij vieenj. Thanhf vieen hooij ddongf quanr trij loaij A (Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang), thanhf vieen uyr ban Tuw

vaans Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx ddax tham gia hooij nghij nayf, nhuwng cacs thanhf vieen hooij ddoongf quanr trij loaij B – nhuwngx nguwowif ddaij dieenj cho thuwowng nghieepj, maauj dichj vaf noong nghieepj thif khoong dduwowcj mowif. Tuwowng tuwj, nhuwngx nguwowif thuoocj nhoms C ddaij dieenj cho nguwowif daan Myx cungx khoong dduwowcj mowif duwj hopj. Chir cos nhuwngx ngaan hangf lowns tham gia vaof hooij nghij bis maatj nayf. Cacs thanhf vieen hooij nghij ngayf hoom ddos ddax ddeens thoongs nhaats chinhs sachs thawts chawtj tins dungj, khieens cho thu nhaapj cuar Myx giamr 15 tyr USD trong nawm thuws hai, maays trieeuj nguwowif thaats nghieepj, gias ddaats ddai vaf trang traij sutj giamr ddeens 20 tyr USD. William J. Bryan – Booj truwowngr ngoaij giao cuar toongr thoongs Wilson – ddax neeu ra ddichs xacs cawn nguyeen cuar vaans ddeef: “Ngaan hangf Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx lex ra phair laf nguwowif baor veej noong daan, nhuwng treen thuwcj tees laij trowr thanhf ker thuf lowns nhaats cuar noong daan. Vieecj sieets chawtj tins dungj ddoois vowis noong nghieepj laf mootj tooij acs cos aam muwu” (21) (Haarst Magazine, 11/ 1923). Sau khi vui muwngf nhowf booij thu tuwf hanhf ddoongj “xens loong cuwuf” ddoois vowis noong nghieepj, hown nuwax, cacs ngaan hangf nhor ngoan coos owr vungf Trung – Taay Myx cungx bij quets sachj, Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang laij bawts ddaauf buoong longr vongf quay luwu chuyeenr tieenf teej.

7. Aam muwu nawm 1927 cuar Ngaan hangf quoocs teesNhowf vaof suwj ungr hoocj cuar coong ty Morgan vaf Kuhn Loeb, Benjaminh Strong nghieemx nhieen ngooif vaof vij tris Chur tichj Hooij ddoongf Quanr trij Ngaan hangf New York thuoocj Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang. Vaf cungf vowis Montagu Norman – Chur tichj Hooij ddoongf Quanr trij cuar Ngaan hangf Anh, oong ddax muwu tinhs nhieeuf suwj kieenj quan trongj trong neenf coong nghieepj taif chinhs Anglo – Saxion, trong ddos bao goomf car cuoocj ddaij suy thoais treen phamj vi toanf thees giowis nawm 1929.

Boos vaf oong ngoaij cuar Norman ddeeuf tuwngf ddamr nhieemj vij tris Chur tichj hooij ddoongf quanr trij Ngaan hangf Anh – mootj ddieeuf thaatj ddawcj bieetj trong lichj suwr nuwowcs nayf. Trong cuoons sachs “Chinhs phur taif chinhs”, Johnson ddax vieets rawngf: “Vowis tuw cachs laf mootj nguwowif banj thaan thieets, Strong thuwowngf cungf Norman ddi nghir mats owr mieenf Nam nuwowcs Phaps. Tuwf nawm 1925 ddeens nawm 1928, trong chinhs sachs nowis longr tieenf teej cuar New York thif giuwax Strong vaf Norman ddax cos mootj thoar thuaanj ngaamf khieens cho muwcs laix suaats cuar New York thaaps hown muwcs laix suaats cuar London. Nhowf vaof moois howpj tacs quoocs tees nayf, Strong cos ys muoons aps chees muwcs laix suaats cuar New York, maix cho ddeens khi xayr ra haauj quar khoong theer cuwus vanx nooir mowis thooi. Chinhs sachs nowis longr tieenf teej cuar New York ddax khichs leej suwj phoonf vinh trong nhuwngx nawm 20 cuar nuwowcs Myx, daanx ddeens phong traof daan chungs ddaauf cow mootj cachs ddieen cuoongf (22) (Brian Johnson, Ddowif soongs chinhs trij cuar tieenf bacj (The Politics of Money) – New York: McGraw Hill 1970, tr 63). Lieen quan ddeens hieepj ddinhj bis maatj nayf, vaof nawm 1928, duwowis suwj chir ddaoj cuar nghij six Louis McFadden, House Stabilization Hearing ddax tieens hanhf mootj cuoocj ddieeuf tra, vaf keets luaanj dduwowcj dduwa ra laf: Bawngf vieecj thao tungs dongf luwu thoong cuar vangf, Ngaan hangf Quoocs tees ddax taoj neen suwj supj ddor cuar thij truwowngf coor phieeus Myx. Nghij six McFadden: Thuwa oong, ddieeuf gif ddax tacs ddoongj ddeens quyeets ddinhj cuoois cungf cuar Chur tichj Hooij ddoongf Quanr trij Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx (chir chinhs sachs haj laix suaats vaof muaf hef nawm 1927)? Miller (Chur tichj Cucj Duwjt truwx): Ngaif ddax hoir mootj vaans ddeef maf tooi khong theer trar lowif. McFadden: Nois cachs khacs, ddieeuf tooi quan taam laf: do ddaau maf cos quyeets ddinhj haj laix suaats muaf hef nawm ngoais, thuwa oong? Miller: Ba ngaan hangf Trung uwowng chaau Aau lowns nhaats ddax phais ddaij dieenj cuar hoj ddeens ddaats nuwowcs nayf. Hoj laf Norman – Chur tichj Ngaan hangf Anh, tieens six Hjalmar Schacht – Chur tichj

Ngaan hangf Trung uwowng Dduwcs vaf giaos suw Rist cuar Ngaan hangf Phaps. Nhuwngx nguwowif nayf ddax hopj banf vowis nguwowif cuar ngaan hangf New York thuoocj Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx. Khoangr sau mootj vaif tuaanf, hoj ddax xuaats hieenj hown nuwar ngayf owr Washington. Toois hoom ddos, hoj ddeens Washington DC, hoom sau hoj dduwowcj cacs vij chur tichj cuar Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx ddons tieeps, chieeuf laij thif hoj ddaax trowr veef New York. McFadden: cacs vij chur tichj cuar Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx ddeeuf cos mawtj taij buooir tieecj truwa chuws, thuwa oong? Miller: oof, ddungs. Chur tichj Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx conf coos ys sawsp xeeps hoj moij nguwowif tuj taapj cungf nhau. McFadden: Ddos laf mootj hoatj ddoongj cos tinhs chaats xax giao, hay laf mootj cuoocj thaor luaanj nghieem tucs, thuwa oong!Miller: Tooi thaays ddos laf mootj kieeur hoatj ddoongj xax giao. Truwowcs buwax tieecj truwa, tooi ddax trof chuyeenj raats laau vowis tieens six Hjalman Schacht, vaf cungx hanf huyeen vowis car giaos suw Rist. Sau buwax tieecj, tooi ddax cungf vowis ngaif Norman vaf Strong New York (Strong laf Chur tichj Ngaan hangf Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx owr New York) tans gaaux mootj lucs laau. McFadden: Vaayj ddos cos phair laf mootj cuoocj hooij nghij chur tichj (Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang) chinhs thuwcs khoong? Miller: Khoong phair. Oong Beedy: Nhuwngx suwj hieeur bieets vaf vieecj bor qua nayf rox rangf khoong dduwowcj ghi laij chinhs thuwcs phair khoong, thuwa oong? Miller: Khoong cos. Sau nayf uyr ban Chinhs sachs Thij truwowngf mowr ddax toor chuwcs mootj hooij nghij, vaf mootj soos bieenj phaps ddax dduwowcj ddinhj ra nhuw vaayj. Tooi nhows rawngf theo kees hoachj nayf, chir trong vongf 8 thangs, soos ngaan phieeus ddinhj muwcs khoangr 80 trieeuj USD ddax dduwowcj Ngaan hangf Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx owr New York mua vaof (phats hanhf tieenf cow banr). McFadden: Vieecj thay ddooir chinhs sachs nhuw vaayj ddax truwcj tieeps daanx ddeens trangj thais khoong binhf thuwowngf cuar heej thoongs taif chinhs owr ddaats nuwowcs nayf (phong traof ddaauf cow

thij truwowngf coor phieeus nawm 1927 – 1929). Theo tooi thaays, mootj quyeets ddinhj trongj ddaij nhuw vaayj caanf phair cos suwj ghi cheps chinhs thuwcs owr Washington. Miller: Tooi ddoongf ys vowis cacs quan ddieemr cuar oong. Nghij six Strong: Suwj thaatj laf hoj ddax ddeens ddaay, ddax toor chuwcs hooij nghij bis maatj, awn uoongs tieecj tungf, banr luaanj vieenr voong, cuoois cungf ddax ddeer cho Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx haj thaaps tyr leej chieets khaaus, rooif sau ddos, hoj ddax ddem vangf cuar chungs ta ddi maats. Oong Stege: Chinhs sachs nayf ddax giups chaau Aau oonr ddinhj tieenf teej nhuwng ddax lamf ddaor loonj vij thees cuar ddoongf USD, ddungs vaayj khoong thuwa oong? Miller: Ddungs vaayj, chinhs sachs nayf chinhs laf ddeer ddatj dduwowcj mucj ddichs ddos (23) (Cacs phieen toaf 1928). Treen thuwcj tees, Ngaan hangf Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx owr New York hoanf toanf nawms bawts dduwowcj toanf booj hoatj ddoongj cuar cucj nayf. Cuoocj hopj bao goomf 7 vij chur tichj cuar Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx owr Washington chir laf hinhf thuwcs, conf hooij nghij bis maatj thuwcj chaats ddax dduwowcj cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf owr chaau Aau vaf ngaan hangf Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx owr New York tieens hanhf car tuaanf leex. Tuy nhieen, hoatj ddoongj nayf chir dieenx ra owr Washington chuwa ddeens mootj ngayf, laij chir laf hoatj ddoongj mang tinhs xax giao, vif thees luwowngj vangf trij gias 500 trieeuj USD cos dduwowcj tuwf quyeets sachs cuar hooij nghij bis maatj New York ddax chayr veef chaau Aau. Mootj quyeets sachs quan trongj nhuw vaayj maf laij hoanf toanf khoong dduwowcj ghi cheps trong baats cuws vawn banr naof cuar Washington, tuwf ddos cos theer thaays ddiaj vij thuwcj tees cuar Hooij ddongf quanr trij 7 nguwowif nayf.

8. Chichs noor bong bongs nawm 1929: Laij mootj hanhf ddoongj “xens loong cuwuf”

Tuwf nawm 1929 ddeens nawm 1933, Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx ddax sieets chawtj 1/3 luwowngj luwu thoong tieenf teej nhawmf taoj ra mootj cuoocj ddaij suy thoais. Milton Friedman.

Sau hooij nghij bis maatj, Ngaan hangf Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang New York laapj tuwcs bawts tay vaof hanhf ddoongj, giamr laix suaats tuwf 4% xuoongs 3,5%. Chir trong nawm 1933, hoj ddax phats hanhf theem 60 tyr USD cho cacs ngaan hangf thanhf vieen. Cacs ngaan hangf nayf dungf phieeus cuar minhf lamf thees chaaps. Neeus dduwowcj hoans ddooir sang vangf thif khoangr tieenf nayf sex nhieeuf gaaps 6 laanf toongr luwowngj vangf luwu thoong treen toanf thees giowis lucs baays giowf!Luwowngj dollar phats hanhf thoong qua phuwowng thuwcs nayf cao gaaps 33 laanf so vowis luwowngj tieenf dduwowcj Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx tung ra truwowcs ddos! Ddieeuf khieens nguwowif ta kinh ngacj hown laf, nawm 1929, ngaan hangf Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx New York laij phats hanhf theem 58 tyr USD cho cacs ngaan hangf thanhf vieen vay (24) (Hoof sow Quoocs hooij, 1932)!Thij truwowngf coor phieeus New York thowif ddos cho pheps cacs nhaf ddaauf tuw mua vaof luwowngj coos phieeus bawngf 1% voons, neeus cos nhu caauf, hoj cos theer vay theem cuar ngaan hangf. Trong khi ddang noon nongs khos chiuj thif cacs ngaan hangf nawms giuwx tins dungj hanj ngachj lowns laij gawpj dduwowcj nhaf ddaauf tuw ddois khats tham lam. Quar laf chawngr khacs gif canhr “buoonf ngur gawpj chieeus manh”. Ngaan hangf cos theer vay tieenf tuwf Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang vowis muwcs laix suaats khoangr 5% vaf cho cacs nhaf ddaauf tuw chuwngs khoans vay laij vowis laix suaat 12%. Nhuw vaayj, hoj cos theer huwowngr muwcs cheenh leechj laix suaats 7% mootj cachs ngon lanhf. Lucs nayf, thij truwowngf coor phieeus New York cos muoons khoong tawng gias cungx khoong dduwowcj. Nguwowif daan Myx lucs nayf bij kichs ddoongj ddem heets moij cuar cair tichs luyx cos dduwowcj ddeer “ddaauf tuw” vaof thij truwowngf coor phieeus. Thaamj chis ngay car cacs chinhs trij gia owr Washington cungx bij cacs trumf taif chinhs phoos Wall kichs ddoongj. Trong mootj buooir nois chuyeenj chinhs thuwcs, Melo – Booj truwowngr taif chinhs – ddax ddamr baor rawngf, thij truwowngf coor phieeus vaanx chuwa quas cao. Toongr thoongs Coolidge cungx xacs nhaanj rawngf, vieecj mua coor phieeus lucs nayf vaanx ddang raats toots.

Thangs 3 nawm 1928, khi trar lowif chaats vaans taij thuwowngj nghij vieenj veef muwcs laix suaats cho vay vowis cacs nhaf ddaauf tuw chuwngs khoans, Chur tichj Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx ddax trar lowif rawngf: “Khoong theer nois chinhs xacs cacs khoanr vay cuar nhaf ddaauf tuw chuwngs khoans cos quas cao hay khoong, nhuwng tooi chawcs chawns hoj laf nhuwngx nguwowif an toanf vaf baor thur”. Ngay sau khi Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx bawts ddaauf loaij bor chinhs sachs buoong longr tieenf teej dduwowcj thuwcj hieenj tuwf nawm 1927, ngayf 6 thangs 2 nawm 1929, Norman – Chur tichj Ngaan hangf Anh ddax bis maatj ddeens Myx. Cacs nhaf ngaan hangf Anh chuwngf nhuw ddax thuwcj hieenj xong moij coong tacs chuaanr bij cho mootj suwj kieenj lowns, vaf thowif cow ddeer phias Myx ra tay ddax ddeens. Thangs 3 nawm 1929, taij ddaij hooij coor ddoong thuwowngf nieen cuar Ngaan hangf quoocs tees, Paul Warburg – baacj thaayf taif chinhs cuar Myx – ddax canhr baos rawngf: “Neeus nhuw suwj tham lam khoong kieemr soats nayf vaanx tieeps tucj thif nguy cow khungr hoangr noor ra khoong chir ddanhs vaof banr thaan cacs nhaf ddaauf tuw, maf conf khieens cho car nuwowcs Myx rowi vaof thamr hoaj suy thoais” (25) (Eustace Mullins. Bis maatj cuar Cucj Duwj truwx lieen bang (The Secrets of the Federal Reserve) – Bankers Reserch Institute, 1985, Chuwowng 12).Paul voons laf nguwowif luoon giuwx thais ddooj traamf tinhx trong suoots nhuwngx nawm thangs maf “suwj tham lam khoong dduwowcj kieemr soats, nguwj trij” vaf baay giowf laij ddootj ngootj nhayr ra canhr baos nguy cow khungr hoangr. Towf New York Times laapj tuwcs cho ddawng baif phats bieeur cur Paul, vaf trong tichs tawcs, baif baos ddax gaay neen mootj cown khungr hoangr treen thij truwowngf taif chinhs. Ngayf 20 thangs 4 nawm 1929, giowis taif chinhs ngaan hangf ra phans quyeets “khai tuwr” ddoois vowis thij truwowngf coor phieeus. Towf New York Time ngayf hoom ddos ddax phats ddi mootj thoong tin quan trongj:

9. Uyr ban tuw vaans lieen bang hopj kins taij WashingtonUyr ban tuw vaans lieen bang ddax xaay duwngj khung nghij queets vaf giao cho Hooij ddoongf quanr trij cuar Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx, nhuwng moij thoong tin lieen quan ddeens vieecj nayf vaans dduwowcj giuwx kins. Cacs ddoongj thais tieeps theo cuar uyr ban tuw vaans lieen

bang vaf Hooij ddoongf quanr trij Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang vaanx chuwa dduwowcj tieets looj. Cachs thuwcs baor maatj thoong tin cuar laanf hopj kins nayf heets suwcs nghieem ngawtj. Cacs phongs vieen chir nhaan dduwowcj nhuwngx caau trar lowif nuwar vowif (26) (New York Times, 20/ 4 / 1929). Ngayf 9 thangs 8 nawm 1929, Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx naang laix suaats cho vay leen muwcs 6%. Ngay laapj tuwcs, ngaan hangf Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx taij New York cungx tawng laix suaats cho vay ddaauf tuw chuwngs khoans tuwf 5% leen 20% . Cacs nhaf ddaauf tuw chuwngs khoans chir conf cachs bor cuar maf chayj laays nguwowif. Thij truwowngf coor phieeus sutj gias mootj cachs thee thamr chawngr khacs gif canhr vowx ddee. Trong suoots thangs 10 vaf 11, khawps cacs sanf chuwngs khoans chir thaays mooix leenhj bans. Khoois taif sanr trij gias 160 tyr USD trong nhays mawts ddax tan thanhf maay khois. Xin luwu ys rawngf, 160 tyr USD laf mootj khoanr tieenf raats lowns, gaanf nhuw tuwowng dduwowng vowis toongr vaatj tuw khoongr loof maf nuwowcs Myx ddax sanr xuaats dduwowcj trong chieens tranh thees giowis thuws hai. Mootj nhaf ddaauf tuw chuwngs khoans cuar phoos Wall ddax mieeu tar vuj “vowx ddee” ddos nhuw thees nayf: “Theo mootj kees hoachj dduwowcj danf xeeps mootj cachs chinhs xacs, luwowngj cung uwngs cho vay ddeer ddaauf tuw vaof coor phieeus treen thij truwowngf tieenf teej New York ddootj ngootj giamr manhj ddax gaay ra cuoocj khungr hoangr taif chinhs nawm 1929. Treen thuwcj tees ddaay laf hanhf ddoongj “xens loong cuwuf” ddax dduwowcj cacs trumf taif chinhs quoocs tees tinhs toans nhawms vaof coong chungs” (27) (Ddaij tas Curtis Dall, F. D. R, Boos vowj tooi (My Expoited Father – in – law) Liberty Lobby, 1970). Ddoois mawtj vowis neenf kinh tes Myx amr ddamj, ngayf 4 thangs 7 nawm 1930, towf New York Times khoong khoir buif nguif khi ddawng tair dongf nhuw thees nayf: “Gias nguyeen vaatj lieeuj ddax rowi xuoongs muwcs cuar nawm 1913. Do duw thuwaf lao ddoongj, tieenf coong sutj giamr maf ddax cos toongr coongj 4 trieeuj nguwowif thaats nghieepj. Vif khoongs chees dduwowcj Ngaan hangf Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx New York vaf Hooij ddoongf quanr trij Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang

neen Morgan ddax khoongs chees dduwowcj car heej thoongs Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx”. Phoos Wall khoong nguwngf aps dungj thur ddoanj taoj ra khungr hoangr taif chinhs ddeer loaij bor cacs phaanf tuwr ddoois laapj. Tuwf nawm 1930 ddeens nawm 1933, toongr coongj ddax cos 8.812 ngaan hangf phair ddongs cuwar. Do tuwngf tor thais ddooj bawngf vai phair luwas vowis nawm ddaij gia taif chinhs owr New York ddoongf thowif khoong chiuj vay nowj tuwf heej thoongs Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx neen phaanf lowns cacs ngaan hangf vuwaf vaf nhor ddax phair noois dduooi nhau phas sanr.

10. Muwu ddoof thuwcj suwj cuar vieecj hoachj ddinhj ddaij suy thoais

Khoong conf nghi ngowf gif nuwax, cuoocj suy thoais taif chinhs nawm 1929 laf mootj manf kichj ddax dduwowcj cacs ddaij gia ngaan hangf ddaoj dieenx taij hooij nghij bis maatj nawm 1927. Do laix suaats treen thij truwowngf New York bij haj thaaps mootj cachs coos ys vaf laix suaats treen thij truwowngf London bij naang cao mootj cachs cos lowij neen suwj cheenh leechj laix suaats giuwax hai thij truwowngf ddax khieens cho dongf vangf cuar Myx chayr veef Anh, giups Anh vaf cacs quoocs gia chaau Aau khacs khooi phucj chees ddooj banr vij vangf. Treen thuwcj tees, cacs nhaf taif chinhs chaau Aau ddax hieeur rox rawngf, vieecj taoj ra lamj phats tieenf teej nhawmf tuwowcs ddoatj taif sanr sex mang laij hieeuj quar cao hown raats nhieeuf so vowis cachs cho vay laix. Vieecj dungf vangf lamf cow sowr cho vieecj phats hanhf tieenf teej vaf cho pheps hoans ddooir tieenf giaays sang vangf sex cos theer khoongs chees cacs ngaan hangf taoj ra lamj phats tieenf teej ddeer kieems lowij. Vaayj taij sao giowis taif chinhs chaau Aau maf ddaij dieenj laf cacs ngaan hangf Anh laij muoons khooi phucj banr vij vangf? Caau trar lowif laf cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf quoocs tees ddang chowi mootj vans cowf thus vij. Chieens tranh thees giowis laanf thuws nhaats keets thucs vowis thaats baij cuar Dduwcs. Soos tieenf booif thuwowngf chieens tranh khoongr loof dduwowng nhieen khoong theer do dongf hoj Rothschild vaf dongf hoj Warburg cuar Dduwcs ganhs vacs. Nuwowcs cowf ddaauf tieen maf car hai dongf hoj nayf thuwcj hieenj ddax khowir ddoongj booj mays taoj

ra nanj lamj phats tieenf teej ddeer tuwf ddos vow vets taif sanr tichs luyx cuar nguwowif daan. Vaf nhuw vaayj, nhaan loaij ddax hieeur bieets dduwowcj uy luwcj sieeu caaps cuar nanj lamj phats tieenf teej. Trong thowif kyf chieens tranh tuwf nawm 1913 ddeens nawm 1918, toocs ddooj phats hanhf tieenf teej cuar Dducs ddax tawng gaaps 8,5 laanf, ddoongf macs Dduwcs ddax sutj gias ddeens 50% so vowis ddoongf USD. Bawts ddaauf tuwf nawm 1921, toocs ddooj phats hanhf tieenf teej cuar Ngaan hangf Trung uwowng Dduwcs ddax tawng phi max, nawm 1921 tawng gaaps 5 laanf so vowis nawm 1918, nawm 1922 tawng 10 laanf sos vowis nawm 1921, nawm 1923 tawng voo vanf laanf so vowis nawm 1922. Tuwf thangs 8 nawm 1923, vaatj gias leo thang chongs mawtj, mootj chieecs banhs mif hay phong bif ddax cos gias 1.000 macs. Mooix ngayf, mootj coong nhaan Dduwcs dduwowcj trar tieenf coong hai laanf nhuw soos tieenf aays “boocs howi” nhanh chongs chir sau mootj giowf ddoongf hoof (28) (Glyn Davis. Lichj suwr tieenf teej tuwf thowif coor ddaij ddeens nay (History of Money From Ancient Times to The Present Day) – University of Wales Press 2002, tr 575). Chinhs vif hanhf vi chenf eps taangf lowps trung luwu trong xax hooij khieens hoj trowr neen trawngs tay maf cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf Dduwcs ddax gieo vaof longf nguwowif daan suwj cawm phaans tootj ddooj ddoongf thowif taoj ra cow sowr cho Ddangr phats xits leen nawms quyeenf sau nayf. So vowis canhr ngooj cur nuwowcs Phaps sau khi baij traanj trong cuoocj chieens Phoor – Phaps nawm 1870 thif nhuwngx khos khawn bi thamr maf nguwowif daan Dduwcs phair ganhs chiuj nawngj neef hown raats nhieeuf. Cos theer thaays rawngf, maamf moongs cuar cuoocj chieens tranh thees giowis thuws hai sau nayf ddax dduwowcj gieo tuwf nawm 1923. Khi taif sanr cuar nguwowif Dduwcs bij vow vets canj kieetj thif ddoongf macs Dduwcs phair dduwowcj oonr ddinhj trowr laij. Duwowis suwj ddieeuf phoois cuar cacs ngaan hangf quoocs tees, vangf bacj cuar nuwowcs Myx trowr thanhf chieecs phao cuwus sinh cho vieecj oonr ddinhj tieenf teej taij Dduwcs. Nuwowcs cowf tieeps theo do cacs nhaf taif phieetj taij Anh tieens hanhf. Sau khi chieens tranh thees giowis thuws nhaats bungf noor nawm 1914, tauf ngaamf Dduwcs nhieeuf laanf taapj kichs vaof Ddaij Taay Duwowng,

tauf vaanj chuyeenr vangf cuar Anh khoong theer naof tuwj do xuaats cangr. Cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf Anh buoocj phair tuyeen boos tamj thowif nguwngf chuyeenr ddooir vangf, vaf nhuw vaayj, banr vij vangf cuar ddoongf bangr Anh ddax trowr neen huwux danh voo thuwcj. Nawm 1924, Churchill nhaanj chuwcs Booj truwowngr taif chinhs Anh. Vif khoong phair laf chuyeen gia trong linhx vuwcj taif chinhs neen Churchill ddax khoong nhaanj ra aam muwu khooi phucj banr vij vangf cuar cacs ngaan hangf – nhuwngx nguwowif cuws khawng khawng cho rawngf caanf phair baor veej vij thees tuyeetj ddoois cuar ddoongf bangr Anh treen thij truwowngf taif chinhs thees giowis. Ngayf 13 thangs 5 nawm 1925, Anh thoong qua Duwj luaatj Banr vij Vangf (Gold Standard Act). Lucs nayf, do trair qua nhuwngx maats mats nawngj neef cuar chieens tranh neen thuwcj luwcj kinh tees cuar Anh khoong conf manhj so vowis Myx. Thaamj chis ngay taij chaau Aau, Anh cungx khoong conf giuwx dduwowcj vij thees nuwowcs lowns, vif thees vieecj eps buoocj khooi phucj banr vij vangf sex khieens ddoongf bangr Anh tawng gias vaf tacs ddoongj nghieem trongj ddeens suwcs canhj tranh xuaats khaaur cuar Anh ddoongf thowif gaay ra haauj quar xaaus veef kinh tees nhuw gias nguyeen lieeuj thaaps, tieenf luwowng giamr ddi, tyr leej thaats nghieepj tawng cao. Lucs nayf, Keynes – mootj baacj tinh anh quyeenf quys tuwngf laf ddaij dieenj cuar Booj taif chinhs Anh taij Hooij nghij hoaf binhf Paris nawm 1919 – kieen quyeets phanr ddoois nhuwngx ddieeuf khoanr khawcs nghieetj aps dungj cho nuwowcs Dduwcs, thaamj chis sawns sangf tuwf chuwcs ddeer phanr ddoois vaans ddeef nayf. Oong chur truwowng phees bor banr vij vangf, tor rox suwj baats ddoongf ddoois vowis ngaan hangf London. Taij uyr ban Macmillan chuyeen veef ddieeuf tra tinhs khar thi cuar banr vij vangf, Keynes ddax khawngr khais trinhf bayf veef tacs haij cuar banr vij vangf. Vaf theo cachs nhinf cuar oong thif vangf chir laf “di tichs dax man”, laf raof canr ddoois vowis suwj phats trieenr cuar neenf kinh tees. Trong khi ddos, Norman – Chur tichj Ngaan hangf Anh – laij cho rawngf banr vij vangf laf thuws khoong theer thieeus ddoois vowis cacs nhaf ngaan hangf chaan chinhs. Theo Norman thif cho duf ganhs nawngj cuar nuwowcs Anh cos nawngj nhuw thees naof, cacs nganhf ngheef chiuj toonr thaats nghieem trongj ra sao, moij nguwowif cungx

phair chaaps nhaanj mootj chees ddooij banr vij vangf ddeer theer hieenj danh duwj hangf ddaauf cuar cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf London. Nguwowif daan Anh bij goij laf nhuwngx ker hoof ddoof. Vaf cungx gioongs tinhf hinhf owr Myx, hinhf anhr cuar cacs nhaf ngaan hangf Anh cungx khoong dduwowcj ddanhs gias toots ddepj gif trong mawts nguwowif daan. Theo hoj, nhuwngx gif maf cacs nhaf ngaan hangf ungr hooj taats nhieen ddeeuf khoong toots ddepj gif, conf nhuwngx ai dams phee phans manhj mex quan ddieemr cuar cacs nhaf ngaan hangf sex gianhf dduwowcj suwj meens mooj cuar daan chungs. Ddaay mowis laf phaanf ddawcj sawcs nhaats vowis vowr kichj. Vowis lai lichj raats ddown gianr, Keynes ddax dieenx xuaats raats toots vai “veej six” cuar nhaan daan, trong khi cacs nhaf ngaan hangf thif xuaats hieenj vowis tuw cachs laf tins ddoof cuar vangf. Mootj manf kichj thus vij vowis ker tung nguwowif huwngs nhipj nhangf, cungx vif thees maf duw luaanj vaf longf daan bij thao tungs mootj cachs deex dangf. Quar nhieen, moij vieecj khoong nawmf ngoaif “duwj ddoans” cuar Keynes cungx nhuw cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf Anh. Sau khi khooi phucj banr vij vangf, neenf kinh tees Anh ddax tuootj doocs khoong phanh, tyr leej thaats nghieepj tuwf 3% nawm 1920 ddaax tawng votj leen 18% vaof nawm 1926. Cacs cuoocj baix coong dieenx ra khawps nowi treen nuwowcs Anh, chinhs trij rowi vaof canhr hoonx loanj, chinhs phur Anh ddoois mawtj vowis nguy cow khungr hoangr nghieem trongj. Tuy nhieen, xin nhows rawngf, ddieeuf maf cacs nhaf taif phieetj luoon khao khats mong moir chinhs laf khungr hoangr! Chir khi naof taoj neen khungr hoangr thif cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf mowis cos theer thucs ddaayr cuoocj “cachs mangj taif chinhs” theo ys muoons cuar hoj. Nawm 1928, thoong qua Duwj luaatj Tieenf teej vaf Giaays bacj Ngaan hangf (Currency and Bank Notes Act), nghij vieenj Anh ddax thaos gowx nhuwngx rangf buoocj veef giowis hanj trong vieecj dungf coong trais ddeer ddamr baor cho ddoongf bangr Anh- mootj hinhf thuwcs xieengf xichs trois buoocj cacs nhaf ngaan hangf Anh suoots 84 nawm. Nawm 1844, nuwowcs Anh ban hanhf phaps leenhj nhawmf hanj chees cacs ngaan hangf trong vieecj phats hanhf 19,75 trieeuj bangf Anh dduwowcj ddamr baor bawngf coong trais. Been canhj ddos, cacs nhaf

ngaan hangf phair dungf vangf ddeer ddamr baor cho vieecj phats hanhf tieenf giaays. Cungx gioongs nhuw suwj xuaats hieenj cuar Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang, vieecj dungf coong trais lamf thees chaaps trong phats hanhf tieenf teej thaatj suwj laf mootj giaacs moongj ddepj ddoois vowis cacs nhaf ngaan hangf Anh. Chir trong maays tuaanf sau khi phaps leenhj mowis dduwowcj thoong qua, ngaan hangf Anh ddax phats hanhf 260 trieeuj bangr bawngf coong trais. Phaps leenhj mowis conf trao quyeenf phats hanhf coong trais khoong giowis hanj cho ngaan hangf Anh trong nhuwngx tinhf huoongs khaanr caaps, mieens sao sau ddos dduwowcj Booj taif chinhs vaf Quoocs hooij chaaps nhaanj (29)(Glyn Davis. Lichj suwr tieenf teej tuwf thowif coor ddaij ddeens nay (History of Money From Ancient Times to The Present Day) – University of Wales Press 2002, tr 377) vaf nhuw vaayj, quyeenf phats hanhf tieenf khoong hanj chees cuar Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx cuoois cungf cungx nawmf trong tay Ngaan hangf Anh. Nuwowcs cowf thuws ba maf cacs nhaf ngaan hangf thuwcj hieenj laf hanhf ddoongj “xens loong cuwuf”. Sau hooij nghij bis maatj nawm 1927, do chinhs sachs haj laix suaats cuar Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx neen mootj luwowngj vangf khas lowns cuar Myx trij gias 500 trieeuj USD ddax chayr ra nuwowcs ngoaif. Nawm 1929, Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang laij tieeps tucj naang laix suaats khieens cho cacs ngaan hangf thieeus vangf nghieem trongj vaf khoong theer thuwcj hieenj dichj vuj cho vay. Nguwowif daan Myx cungx vif thees maf trowr neen khoons ddoons. Cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf quoocs tees ddax thi nhau doocs voons thu mua mootj luwowngj lowns coos phieeus toots vowis gias rer nhuw beof. Nghij six McFadden ddax mieeu tar thees nayf: “Mowis ddaay, chir nooij trong mootj bang ddax cos 60.000 ngooi nhaf vaf noong truwowngf bij phats maix trong mootj ngayf. Owr quaanj Auckland thuoocj bang Michigan cos 71.000 chur nhaf vaf chur trang traij bij toongs ra khoir cuwar. Nhuwngx canhr tuwowngj tuwowng tuwj ddang dieenx ra owr tuwngf bang cuar nuwowcs Myx”. Trong cown ddaij nanj kinh tees chuwa tuwngf thaays nayf, chir cos mootj its nguwowif thuoocj taangf lowps thuwowngj luwu cos moois quan heej maatj thieets vowis dongf hoj Rothschild mowis bieets

dduwowcj dieenx bieens cuar manf kichj lowns nhaats trong lichj suwr nuwowcs Myx. Nhuwngx nguwowif nayf ddax nhanh tay bans thaos taats car nhuwngx coor phieeus minhf cos ddeer taapj trung ddaauf cow coong trais chinhs phur. Nhuwngx ker khoong cos dinhs dangs gif towis cacs oong trumf ngaan hangf, cho duf cos giauf ddeens maays cungx khoong theer tranhs dduwowcj tai hoaj. Nhuwng coong ty cos dinhs dangs ddeens cacs oong trumf taif chinhs goomf J. P. Morgan vaf Kuhn Loeb, ngoair ra cungx conf mootj soos “khachs hangf uwu tieen canhs haaur”, mootj soos chinhs trij gia quan trongj maf cacs nhaf ngaan hangf muoons duy trif moois quan heej huwux haor hoawcj nhaf caamf quyeenf cuar cacs quoocs gia cos moois quan heej ddoois vowis hoj. Khi Morrison tuwf chuwcs taij Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx, treen towf Newsweek soos ra ngayf 30 thangs 5 nawm 1936 ddax xuaat hieenj nhuwngx dongf binhf luaanj nhuw sau: “Nguwowif ta cho rawngf, Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx ddax maats ddi mootj nhaan vaatj taif nawng. Nawm 1929 (truwowcs khi thij truwowngf coor phieeus laam vaof khungr hoangr), Mornson ddax trieeuj taapj mootj hooij nghij vaf ra leenhj cho cacs ngaan hangf trong heej thoongs cuar oong phair chaams duwts cho vay ddaauf tuw chuwngs khoans truwowcs ngayf 1 thangs 9. Vif thees, cacs doanh nhaan nayf mowis deex dangf phats ddatj trong cown suy thoais sau nayf” (30) (Newsweek, 30/5/1936). Taif sanr cuar Joe Kennedy ddax tawng tuwf 4 trieeuj USD vaof nawm 1929 leen ddeens 100 trieeuj Usd vaof nawm 1935, nghiax laf gaaps 25 laanf. Truwowcs khi cuoocj khungr hoangr xayr ra, Bernard Baruch ddax bans sachj coor phieeus voons cos cuar minhf ddeer ddaauf tuw vaof coong trais. Vaif ngay truwowcs “thuws Ba dden toois” (ngayf 29 – 10 – 1929), Henry Morgenthau ddax towis ngaan hangf vaf ra leenhj cho coong ty cuar oong trong vongf ba ngayf phair bans heets luwowngj coor phieeus trij gias 60 trieeuj USD. Cacs nhaan vieen duwowis quyeenf cuar oong camr thaays khos hieeur vaf khuyeen oong neen bans daanf daanf trong maays tuaanf. Nhuwng Henry lieenf nooir caus quats ngay vaof mawtj nhaan vieen cuar minhf rawngf: “Tooi ddeens ddaay khoong phair ddeer tranh luaanj vowis anh? Hayx lamf theo leenhj tooi ddi!”Sau gaanf 80 nawm, khi nhinf laij giai ddoanj lichj suwr nayf, chungs ta vaanx phair thans phucj muwu tris thuwowng truwowngf cuar cacs nhaf

taif phieetj ngaan hangf quoocs tees. Khoong nghi ngowf gif nuwax, hoj chinhs laf nhuwngx nguwowif thoong minh nhaats thees giowis. Thur ddoanj, muwu moo, nhuwngx kees hoachj dduwowcj tinhs toans kyx luowwngx, chawtj chex, longf can ddamr vaf muwu tris ….quar thuwcj laf nhuwngx ddieeuf khiens nguwwif ddowif phair thans phucj . Thaamj chis cho ddeens ngayf ngay, khoong its nguwowif vaanx conf chuwa tin rawngf, soos phaanj cuar hoj ddax bij cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf nayf thao tungs. Sau muaf booij thu tuwf vuj “xens loong cuwuf” cuar cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf quocs tees “tuw tuwowngr tieenf teej gias rer” cuar Keynes ddax trowr thanhf coox mays taoj ra suwj giauf cos cho cacs ddaij gia ngaan hangf.

Phaanf VCHINHS SACHS MOWIS CUAR TIEENF TEEJ GIAS RER

Lenin tuwngf nois rawngf, bieenj phaps toots nhaats ddeer ddanhs ddoor chur nghiax tuw banr chinhs laf lamf cho heej thoongs tieenf teej cuar chees ddooj ddos maats gias trij. Thoong qua quas trinhf lamj phats tieenf teej lieen tucj, chinhs phur cos theer bis maatj lamf tieeu hao mootj phaanf taif sanr cuar coong daan maf khoong ai hay bieets. Chinhs phur cos theer tuwowcs ddoatj taif sanr cuar coong daan bawngf vieecj suwr dungj bieenj phaps nayf khieens cho dda soos daan chungs trowr neen ngheof ddos vaf lamf cho mootj soos ker trowr neen giauf cos. Khoong cos thur ddoanj naof dduwowcj coi laf kins ddaos vaf ddangs tin caayj nhuw nanj lamj phats tieenf teej nhawms laatj ddoor chinhs quyeenf hieenj taij. Quas trinhf nayf tichs tuj mootj cachs tieemf aanr cacs nhaan toos phas hoaij trong quy luaatj kinh tees maf torng car trieeuj nguwowif cungx khoong theer timf ra mootj ai cos theer nhinf ra cawn nguyeen cuar vaans ddeef (1) (John Maynard Keynes, Haauj quar kinh tees cuar Hoaf binhf (The Economic Consequences of the Peace), 1919).

Keynes, nawm 1919. Keynes goij vangf laf “di tichs dax man”, vaf suwj ddanhs gias nayf ddax tuwf laau trowr neen quen thuoocj ddoois vowis nguwowif daan Trung Quoocs. Vaayj ddoongj cow cuar Keynes laf gif? Tuwngf laf nguwowif kieen quyeets phanr ddoois nanj lamj phats tieenf teej, vaayj thif taij sao Keynes laij bieens thanhf ker thuf cuar kim loaij quys nayf? Buwowcs sang tuooir 40, Alan Greenspan vaanx laf nguwowif baor veej kieen ddinhj baats di baats dichj banr vij vangf, vaf sau khi leen nhaanj chuwcs Chur tichj Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx, oong bawts ddaauf nois vowis caaps duwowis veef vaans ddeef vangf. Nawm 2002, tuy vaanx thuwaf nhaanj rawngf “vangf laf phuwowng thuwcs thanh toans cuoois cungf cuar moij heej thoongs tieenf teej hieenj cos”, nhuwng oong laij “lamf ngow” truwowcs aam muwu lieen keets ddanhs tutj gias vangf cuar cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf phuwowng Taay trong nhuwngx nawm 90 cuar thees kyr 20. Taij sao cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf quoocs tees vaf cacs nhaf lys luaanj “tay sai” cuar hoj laij ghets vangf ddeens nhuw vaayj? Vaf taij sao lys luaanj “tieenf teej gias rer” cuar Keynes laij dduwowcj ddeef cao? Trong thuwcj tieenx xax hooij keos daif hown 5.000 nawm cuar loaif nguwowif, baats keer laf thowif ddaoj naof, quoocs gia naof, toon giaos naof, chungr toocj naof, vangf luoon dduwowcj nguwowif ddowif coong nhaanj laf mootj thuws taif sanr cos gias trij. Nhaanj thuwcs nayf ddaau deex bij mows lys thuyeets coi vangf laf “di tichs dax man” hoas giair. Moois quan heej raats yeeus giuwax vangf vaf cuar cair ddax trowr thanhf mootj logic tuwj nhieen trong ddowif soongs cuar con nguwowif. Trong khi khoong cos thieenj camr ddoois vowis chinhs sachs vaf tinhf hinhf kinh tees cuar chinhs phur thif nguwowif daan cos theer chonj cachs ddem tieenf giaays maf hoj ddang nawms giuwx trong tay ddooir thanhf tieenf vangf vaf chowf ddowij thowif cow toots hown. Treen thuwcj tees, vieecj hoans ddooir tuwj do tieenf giaays sang vangf ddax trowr thanhf neenf tangr cow banr nhaats veef kinh tees cuar nguwowif daan, chir cos treen cow sowr nayf, suwj tuwj do cuar baats cuws neenf daan chur vaf hinhf thuwcs xax hooij naof khacs mowis cos ys nghiax ddaayf ddur cuar nos. Khi tieens hanhf cuwowngx chees

tuwowcs ddoatj quyeenf ddooir tieenf giaays thanhf vangf cuar nguwowif daan thif cungx chinhs laf lucs chinhs phur tuwowcs ddoatj suwj tuwj do cow banr nhaats cuar nguwowif daan. Cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf quoocs tees biees rox rawngf, vangf khoong chir laf thuws kim loaij quys binhf thuwowngf. Neeus xets veef banr chaats, vangf laf “thuws kim loaij mang tinhs chinhs trij” duy nhaats vowis ddooj nhayj camr cao cungx nhuw ganhs nawngj thuwaf kees lichj suwr, vaf neeus khoong xuwr lys toots vaans ddeef vangf, con nguwowif sex taoj neen baox taps taif chinhs treen phamj vi toanf thees giowis. Trong tinhf hinhf trung binhf thuwowngf, vieecj phees bor banr vij vangf taats sex daanx ddeens suwj baats oonr nghieem trongj trong xax hooij, thaamj chis gaay neen cuoocj cachs mangj baoj luwcj. Chir trong nhuwngx tinhf huoongs ddawcj thuf, khi khoong conf chonj luwaj naof khacs, nguwowif daan mowis buoocj phair tamj thowif hy sinh banr thaan cungf cacs quyeenf lowij voons cos cuar minhf. Ddieeuf maf cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hagnf caanf chinhs laf nguy cow khungr hoangr vaf suy thoais nghieem trongj trong ddowif soongs xax hooij. Duwowis suwj dde doaj cuar khungr hoangr vaf suy thoais, nguwowif daan deex trowr neen thoar hieepj nhaats, suwj ddoanf keets deex bij phas vowx nhaats, duw luaanj deex bij daanx dawts nhaats, suwcs taapj trung xax hooij deex bij phaan tans nhaats, vaf dduwowng nhieen, muwu kees cuar cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf cungx deex dduwowcj thuwcj hieenj nhaats. Vif vaayj, khungr hoangr vaf suy thoais dduwowcj cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf xem nhuw mootj thuws vux khis dduwowcj suwr dungj mootj cachs hieeuj quar nhaats nhawmf ddoois phos vowis chinhs phur vaf nguwowif daan. Cuoocj khungr hoangr kinh tees nghieem trongj nawm 1929 ddax dduwowcj cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf quoocs tees “kheos leos daanx dawts” nhawmf “phees bor banr vij vangf” – mootj vieecj raats khos thuwcj hieenj dduwowcj trong tinhf hinhf binhf thuwowngf, tuwf ddos phur bawngf ddaoj ddaij taif chinhs vaf chaam ngoif cho cuoocj chieens tranh thees giowis laanf thuws hai.

1. Chinhs sachs “Tieenf teej gias rer” cuar John Maynard KeynesKhi tham gia hooij nghij hoaf binhf Paris vaof nawm 1919, Keynes ddax nhaanj thuwcs dduwowcj moois nguy haij tieemf tangf do nanj lamj phats

tieenf teej gaay ra ddoois vowis nguwowif daan vaf xax hooij. Trong cuoons sachs nooir tieengs cuar minhf “Haauj quar kinh tees cuar hoaf binhf”, oong ddax chir ra banr chaats cuar nanj lamj phats tieenf teej ddoongf thowif dduwa ra mootj phaan tichs sawcs bens rawngf nanj lamj phats sieeu caaps nawm 1923 taij Dduwcs ddax nghieemj chuwngs hoanf toanf muwcs ddooj sats thuwowng nguy hieemr cuar nos. Ddieeuf nayf cungx gioongs nhuw nhuwngx gif maf Alan Greenspan ddax phats bieeur trong baif “Vangf vaf tuwj do kinh tees” khi buwowcs sang tuooir 40. Vaf xets owr mootj khias canhj naof ddos, Alan Greenspan cungx cos cungf quan ddieemr vowis Keynes veef nanj lamj phats tieenf teej. Oong chir ra rawngf: “Trong tinhf huoongs khoong cos banr vij vangf, sex khoong cos baats cuws bieenj phaps naof ddeer baor hooj suwj tichs luyx cuar daan chungs khoir suwj thoongs soais cuar nanj lamj phats, vaf ddieeuf nayf cungx cos nghiax laf nguoonf taif sanr cuar daan chungs sex khoong cos dduwowcj nowi caats giuwx an toanf. Nois mootj cachs ddown gianr, booij chi taif chinhs laf aam muwu tuwowcs ddoatj taif sanr, vaf vangf ddax chawnj dduwngs quas trinhf nguy hieemr nayf vaf ddongs vai trof baor hooj taif sanr cuar daan chungs. Neeus nawms dduwowcj ddieemr quan trongj cos thinhs chaats then choots nayf thif nguwowif ta khoong camr thaays khos khawn ddeer lys giair vif sao cos khoong its nguwowif ddax phir bangs banr vij vangf cuar hoj mootj cachs ddaayf acs ys” (2) (Alan Greenspan, Vangf vaf tuwj do kinh tees (Gold and Economic Freedom), 1966).Alan Greenspan ddax chir ra rawngf, banr vij vangf ddax khoongs chees chawtj chex xu thees lan tranf cuar nanj lamj phats tieenf teej. Xuaats phats tuwf ys nayf, Keynes vaf Alan Greenspan ddeeuf phair laf nguwowif ungr hooj kieen ddinhj banr vij vangf, vaayj nhuwng sau ddos, hoj laij quay ngoawts 180 ddooj vaf cho rawngf, vangf laf “di tichs dax man”. Theem vaof ddos, sau khi mootj buwowcs leen maay, hoj laij duwts khoats im howi lawngj tieengs maf khoong ddeef caapj ddeens ddiaj vij tieenf teej cuar vangf. Ddoois vowis Alan Greenspan thif ddungs laf thaan baats do kyr. Sau khi gia nhaapj coong ty J. P. Morgan vaf ddamr nhaanj chuwcs Chur tichj cuar coong ty nayf cungx nhuw cuar cacs ngaan hangf phoos Wall khacs,

Alan Greenspan bawts ddaauf hieeur rawngf, giang hoof taif chinhs cos luaatj phaps rieeng cuar minhf. Trong khi car thees giowis ddang taapj trung vaof tuwngf thais ddooj cuar Alan Greenspan thif cos lex chir minhf oong ta mowis hieeur dduwowcj rawngf, ngaan hangf Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx owr New York mowis laf cow quan dduwa ra quyeets sachs thuwcj thuj. Nawm 2002, taij phieen ddieeuf traanf truwowcs Quoocs hooij khi bij Ron Paul – nghij six bang Texas truy vaans ddeens cungf, Alan Greenspan ddax bayf tor rawngf banr thaan oong ta chuwa bao giowf phanr booij laij quan ddieemr cuar minhf nawm 1966. Vaf cho ddeens nay, oong ta vaanx cho rawngf vangf laf “phuwowng thuwcs thanh toans cuoois cungf” trong moij heej thoongs tieenf teej, conf Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx chir laf mootj banr “moo phongr” theo chees ddooj banr vij vangf. Tuy nhieen, tinhf huoongs cuar Keynes laij khacs vowis Alan Greenspan. Murray Rothband – hocj giar nooir tieengs nguwowif Myx – ddax mieeu tar mootj cachs saau sawcs ddawcj truwng nhaan cachs cuar Keynes. Oong cho rawngf, chur nghiax “trung taam tuwj ngax” cuwcj ddoan cuar Keynes (nguwowif tuwj cho minhf laf thanhf phaanf tinh anh cuar taangf lowps thoongs trij Anh vaf mieetj maif ddaoj dduwcs xax hooij – ND) cos anhr huwowngr truwcj tieeps ddoois vowis heej thoongs tuw tuwowngr cuar oong ta”. Ddawcj bieetj, “hooij toong ddoof” (apostle) – mootj toor chuwcs bis maatj cuar Ddaij hocj Cambridge (Anh) – cos anhr huwowngr raats lowns ddoois vowis Keynes. Kieeur toor chuwcs bis maatj nayf trong cacs truwowngf ddaij hocj Aau – Myx tuyeetj ddoois khooong gioongs vowis hooij ddoongf huwowng sinh vieen hoawcj cacs ddoanf theer xax hooij longr leor nhuw hooij vawn hocj maf gioongs cacs toor chuwcs hatj nhaan ganhs vacs suws meenhj toon giaos vowis lichj suwr hinhf thanhf vaf phats trieenr hangf trawm nawm. Cacs toor chuwcs nayf duy trif moois quan heej maatj thieets giuwax cacs hooij vieen vowis nhau, taoj neen nhuwngx taapj ddoanf lowij ichs kieen coos nhaats trong giai toongr thoongs trij cuar xax hhooij phuwowng Taay. “Hooij toong ddoof” cuar Cambridge do 12 thanhf vieen uwu tus nhaats tuwf 31 hocj vieen thanhf laapj. Nhuwngx nguwowif nayf khoong chir thoong minh tuyeetj ddinhr maf conf phair cos thaan thees quyeenf quys,

vaf mooix mootj nguwowif trong soos hoj ddeeuf phair cos mucj ddichs trowr thanhf thanhf vieen trong giai caaps thoongs trij Anh. Thuwr bayr hangf tuaanf, hoj tuj taapj owr nhuwngx ddiaj ddeemr bis maatj, cungf nhau thaor luaanj cacs vaans ddeef tuwf trieets hocj, myx thuaatj hocj ddeens chinhs trij, thuwowng maij. Hos cos giowis quy rieeng rox rangf, nghieem khawcs, ddoongf thowif tor rox thais ddooj mieetj thij ddaoj dduwcs chung cuar xax hooij. Hoj tuwj cho rawngf hoj laf nhuwngx nguwowif tinh anh, rawngf hoj sinh ra ddax laf nhuwngx nguwowif thoongs trij thees giowis, ddoongf thowif truyeenf bas nieemf tin nayf giuwax cacs thanhf vieen trong toor chuwcs. Trong thuw guwir cho mootj nguwowif banj, Keynes ddax vieets nhuw thees nayf: “Suwj camr nhaanj thuws ddaoj dduwcs nayf cuar chungs ta phair chawng cos chuts tuwj ddaij ngoong cuoongf? Tooi cos camr giacs rawngf, tuyeetj ddaij dda soos moij nguwowif treen thees giowis nayf voons dix chawngr nhinf thaays banr chaats cuar baats cuws suwj vaatj naof, bowir hoawcj hoj quas ngu xuaanr, hoawcj laf quas gian acs (3) (Murray N. Rothbard, Keynes (Keynes the Man)). Trong nhoms nayf, ngoaif Keynes vaf vij hocj giar taif ba Russell conf cos car cacs oong trumf taif chinhs nhuw nam tuwowcs Rothschild. Sau khi rowif khoir Cambridge, cacs toong ddoof cuar hooij- nhuwngx nguwowif dduwowcj goij laf “thieen suws” – vaanx tham gia hooij nghij bis maatj cuar noms vaof thuws bayr hangf tuaanf. Hoj tichs cuwcj tham gia vaof vieecj tuyeenr chonj cacs toong ddoof mowis cungx nhuw cacs hoatj ddoongj khacs. So vowis Keyness, Victor Rothschild nhor tuooir hown vaf laf chaus ddichs toon cuar Nathan Rothschild – nguwowif nawms giuwx quyeenf phats hanhf tieenf teej cuar ddees quoocs Anh ddoongf thowif laf nguwowif thuwaf kees phong hieeuj Nam tuwowcs ddowif thuws ba. Victor vaf Keynes ddeeuf laf nhuwngx nguwowif khowir xuwowngs tichs cuwcj cuar (Hooij ddoongf ngoaij giao Myx” (Council of Foreign Relationship) vaf Vieenj quan heej quoocs tees hoangf gia Anh (Royal Institute of International Affairs). Hai toor chuwcs nayf cos theer dduwowcj goij laf “truwowngf ddangr trung uwowng” cuar chinhs giowis Aau- Myx, trong gaanf mootj trawm nawm qua, ddaay laf nowi ddax cho ra lof hangf loatj “cans booj” coomj

cans cuar taapj ddoanf thoongs trij Aau – Myx. Theo thoong leej cuar gia toocj ngaan hangf Aau Myx, Victor ddax cos mootj khoangr thowif gian lamf vieecj cho J. P. Morgan (Hoa Kyf) cho neen hieeur raats rox phoos Wall. Oong conf laf chur tichj cuar coong ty daauf mor Shell – Ha Lan. Victor cungx tuwngf ddax ddamr nhieemj chuwcs vuj cao caaps trong Cucj Tinhf baos Anh (M15), veef sau ddamr nhieemj chuwcs coos vaans an nhinh cuar thur tuwowngs Anh Thatcher. Chus cuar oong ta laf – nam tuwowcs Edmond Rothschild – dduwowcj goij alf “cha cuar Israel”. Duwowis suwj giowis thieeuj vaf diuf dawts cuar Victor, vowis khar nawng thoong minh baamr sinh, Keynes ddax nhanh chongs nguwir thaays muif beos bowr trong lys luaanj buoon bans coong trais gias rer vaf nanj lamj phats – phuwwng huwowngs chur coong maf cacs ngaan hangf quoocs tees thowif ddos ddang caanf maanx theo dduooir Keynes raats its ddeer ys ddeens nhuwngx lowif huyeenh hoang cuar minhf treen chinhs ddaif, bowir oong khoong phair chiuj uwowcs thucs trong quy phamj ddaoj dduwcs cuar nguwowif binhf thuwowngf. Oong giar maoj soos lieeuj mootj cachs coos ys nhawmf taoj ra suwj phuf howpj vowis lys luaanj kinh tees cuar minhf. Murray Rothband ddax tuwngf chir ra, “oong ta cho rawngf nguyeen tawcs sex chir gaay canr trowr cow hooij gianhf dduwowcj quyeenf luwcj trong thowif khawcs chinhs xacs cuar minhf. Vif vaayj, oong ta cos theer thay ddooir quan nieemj truwowcs ddos baats cuws lucs naof truwowcs ddos duf chir vif mootj ddoongf cawcs nhor” (4) (Murray N. Rothbard, Keynes (Keynes the Man)).Keynes hieeur rox rawngf, neeus muoons hocj thuyeets cuar minhf trowr neen nooir tieengs, mootj nhaf kinh tees hocj caanf phair cos nhuwngx thees luwcj to lowns veef taif chinhs vaf tieenf teej lamf binhf phong. Ngay sau khi phaan bieetj rox “phuwowng huwowngs chinhs xacs cuar suwj phats trieenr lichj suwr”, Keynes laapj tuwcs aps dungj tuw chaats thieen phus thuwcj suwj cuar minhf: ddos laf taif hungf bieenj vaf khar nawng dduwa ra ddeef xuaats hown nguwowif. Duwowis anhs haof quang cuar Adam Smith, Ricardo vaf Marshall, Cambirdge gaanf nhuw nghieemx nhieen trowr thanhf trung taam cuar neenf kinh tees thees giowis. Dduwowcj xem laf nguwowif tieeps buwowcs con dduwowngf cuar Marshall, Keynes owr vaof mootj vij tris cuwcj kyf cos lowij. Nawm 1936, sau khi xuaats banr cuoons “Lys

thuyeets chung veef Lao ddoongj, Lowij tuwcs vaf Tieenf teej” (The General Theory of Employmen, Interest and Mondey) – mootj tacs phaamr chinhs yeeus trong ddowif, Keynes dduwowng nhieen heets longf unhr hooj lys luaanj kinh tees hocj voons ddanhs trungs taam tuw saau xa cuar moij nguwowif. Cacs nhaf chinhs trij bayf tor thais ddooij ddungf dawngf ddoois vowis chinhs sachs tieenf teej gias rer theo kieeur “vay tieenf, in tieenf, tieeu tieenf” nayf. Nois chung, suwj tranh luaanj hay ngowij ca lys thuyeets nayf laapj tuwcs looi cuoons suwj chus ys cuar giowis hocj thuaatj. Keynes ddax tin chawcs rawngf, ys tuwowngr gias rer cuar minhf awts sex nhaanj dduwowcj suwj ungr hooj heets minhf cuar cacs ngaan hangf quoocs tees cungx nhuw cacs chinhs trij gia. Trong khi nguwowif daan binhf thuwowngf phair ganhs chiuj toonr haij lowns nhaats cuar ys tuwowngr nayf hoawcj laf nhuwngx nguwowif “quas ngu xuaanr”, hoawcj “quas gian acs” thif ddoois tuwowngj chinhs conf laij maf oong muoons thu huts suwj chus ys laf giowis hocj thuaatj. Ddauf tieen, Keynes tuyeen boos suwj ddoois laapj giuwax lys luaanj kinh tees hieenj ddaij maf oong ddaij dieenj vaf lys luaanj kinh tees truyeenf thoongs xuwa cux. Oong nois rawngf, cuoons “thanhs kinh” kinh tees mowis hamf sucs kia cuar oong chir cos “nhuwngx hocj giar kinh tees trer tuooir duwowis 30 mowis cos theer hieeur dduwowcj”. Tuyeen boos nayf ddax laapj tuwcs nhaanj dduwowcj suwj hoan ngheenh cuar cacs nhaf kinh tees hocj trer tuooir. Trong thuw vieets cho banj bef, Paul A. Samuelson ddax vui muwngf ddeens muwcs khoong kimf longf dduwowcj vif minhf vaanx chuwa ddeens 30: “tuooir trer thaatj laf tuyeetj”. Nhuwng chinhs Paul A. Samuelson cungx thuwaf nhaanj rawngf, cuoons sachs cuar Keynes laf mootj sanr phaamr “kems chaats luwowngj vaf laanx loonj lung tung” (5) (Murray N. Rothbard, Keynes (Keynes the Man)).Cacs hocj giar Myx cho rawngf, neeus nhuw dduwowcj vieets bowir mootj giaos suw cuar mootj hocj vieenj naof ddos thuoocj mieenf Trung Taay xa xooi cuar nuwowcs Myx thif cuoons sachs nayf cungx khos longf maf dduwowcj in ra chuws dduwngf nois laf vieecj luwu hanhf suwr sachs.

2. Cuoocj tranh cuwr toongr thoongs nawm 1932

Cuoocj tranh cuwr toongr thoongs nawm 1932 ddax dieenx ra trong boois canhr tieeu ddieeuf cuar neenf kinh tees. Muwowif ba trieeuj nguwowif khoong cos coong awn vieecj lamf vowis tyr leej thaats nghieepj ddeens 25%. Nhuwngx ddieeuf nayf ddax taoj neen mootj aps luwcj ghee gowms vowis toongr thoongs Hoover lucs baays giowf. Ddoois vowis suwj coon kichs manhj mex cuar uwngs cuwr vieen toongr thoongs Ddangr Daan chur Roosevelt ddoois vowis chinhs sachs kinh tees tuwf nawm 1928 cungx nhuw moois quan heej maatj thieets giuwax toongr thoongs Hoover vowis cacs thees luwcj ngaan hangf phoos Wall, Hoover luoon giuwx dduwowcj suwj traamf tinhx tees nhij, nhuwng trong soor ghi cheps cuar minhf, oong ddax ghi laij cachs nghix chaan thuwcj cuar minhf thees nayf: Ddaps laij yeeu caauf cuar Roosevelt muoons tooi phair leen tieengs chiuj trachs nhieemj phanr ddoois phong traof ddaauf cow (nawm 1929), tooi ddax suy nghix raats nhieeuf vaf khoong bieets laf cos neen tieets looj veef hanhf ddoongj coos ys thuwcj thi chinhs sachs lamj phats tieenf teej cuar Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx tuwf nawm 1925 ddeens nawm 1928 duwowis suwcs eps cuar cacs thees luwcj chaau Aau hay khoong, bowir thowif ddos, tooi laf nguwowif phanr ddoois chinhs sachs lamj phats tieenf teej nayf(6) (Eustace Mullins, Traatj tuwj thees giowis (The World Order: A Study in the Hegemony of parasitism) - Staunton, Virginia: Ezra Pound Institute, 1985; Chuwowng 3).Quar thaatj, toongr thoongs Hoover cos chuts oan uwcs. Tuy laf toongr thoongs Myx, nhuwng oong laij khoong cos suwcs anhr huwowngr lowns ddoois vowis chinhs sachs kinh tees vaf chinhs sachs taif chinhs cuar chinhs phur. Do chinhs phur khoong cos quyeenf phats hanhf tieenf teej, vaf neeus Ngaan hangf cuar Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx owr New York khoong cos dduwowcj suwj howpj tacs cuar tuw nhaan thif baats cuws chinhs sachs naof dduwa ra cungx ddeeuf laf vieenr voong. Toongr thoongs Hoover thaats sungr owr phoos Wall do xa rowif phuwowng chaam ddax ddinhj cuar ngaan hangf veef vieecj booif thuwowngf chieens tranh cuar Dduwcs. Nawm 1929, kees hoachj Young dduwowcj Morgan hoachj ddinhj. Vowis nguoonf chi phis cos tuwf vieecj tawng theem ganhs nawngj nowj naanf cuar nuwowcs Dduwcs vaf thoong qua phuwowng thuwcs phats hanhf coong trais treen phoos Wall ddeer

Dduwcs cos khar nawng booif hoanf chieens phis, Morgan cos theer kieems chacs mootj mons lowif lowns. Thangs 5 nawm 1931, khi kees hoachj nayf mowis bawts ddaauf dduwowcj thuwcj thi, mootj cuoocj khungr hoangr taif chinhs cuar Dduwcs vaf Aos ddax noor ra. Hanhf ddoongj cuwus vanx cuar ngaan hangf Rothschild vaf ngaan hangf Anh chuwa theer khoongs chees dduwowcj suwj lan roongj cuar cuoocj khungr hoangr, vaf ngaan hangf phoos Wall cuar Morgan cungx khoong muoons chuwngs kieens canhr kees hoachj Young vuwaf mowis khowir ddoongj ddax sowms cheets yeeur. Ngay laapj tuwcs, Lamont – mootj trong nhuwngx coor ddoong cuar Morgan – ddax goij ddieenj thoaij cho toongr thoongs Hoover, yeeu caauf chinhs phur Myx cho chinhs phur Dduwcs nguwng vieecj booif hoanf chieens tranh trong thowif gian ngawns vaf tieeps tucj booif hoanf sau khi cuoocj khungr hoangr taif chinhs Dduwcs cos daaus hieeuj chuwngx laij. Vowis giongj canhr caos, Lamont conf nois rawngf, neeus chinhs phur ddeer cho heej thoongs taif chinhs chaau Aau supj ddoor thif nguy cow suy thoais cuar Myx cangf theem nawngj neef. Truwowcs ddaay, toongr thoongs Hoover ddax thoar thuaanj vowis chinhs phur Phaps veef chuyeenj booif hoanf chieens tranh cuar Dduwcs. Baats cuws vieecj gif lieen quan ddeens vaans ddeef booif thuwowngf chieens phis cuar Dduwcs ddeeuf phair dduwowcj chinhs phur Phaps thoong qua. Vowis tuw cachs laf mootj chinhs trij gai, Hoover khoong theer nuoots lowif. Vif thees, Hoover laapj tuwcs trar lowif mootj cachs thawngr thawns rawngf: “Tooi sex suy nghix chuyeenj nayf, nhuwng neeus xets tuwf gocs ddooj chinhs trij, vieecj nayf khoong khar thi lawms. Oong laf nguwowif New York thif lamf sao cos theer hieeur dduwowcj moois lo veef khoanr nowj chuwa trar giuwax cacs chinhs phur nayf (7) (Ron Chernow, Gia toocj Morgan (The House of Morgun) - New York: Grove Press 1990; Chuwowng 17).Lamont cung khoong phair tay vuwaf vaf ddaps trar: “ Nhuwngx ngayf nayf chawcs ngaif ddax nghe thaays khoong its lowif ddoonf ddaij rawngf, trong danh sachs uwngs cuwr vieen toongr thoongs nawm 1932 cuar Ddangr Coongj hoaf sex khoong cos teen ngaif. Neeus ngaif lamf theo kees hoachj cuar chungs tooi, nhuwngx tin ddoonf nayf sex khoong bao giowf xuaats hieenj nuwax”.

Cuoois cungf, Lamont conf chiaf ra mootj cur caf roots cho toongr thoongs Hoover vowis thoong ddieepj rawngf, neeus nhuw suwjj vieecj thanhf coong, toanf booj coong lao sex thuoocj veef toongr thoongs. Hover ddax suy nghix car thangs trowif ddeer rooif cuoois cungf ddanhf phair gaatj ddaauf ddoongf ys. Ddeens thangs 7 nawm 1932, Lamont laij moot laanf nuwax phais nguwowif ddeens Nhaf Trawngs nois vowis toongr thoongs bieets rawngf caanf phair suy nghix laij vaans ddeef booif hoanf chieens tranh cuar nuwowcs Dduwcs. Laanf nayf, khoong theer chiuj dduwngj nooir, vowis ver tuwcs giaanj tootj ddooj, Hoover ddax quats lowns: “Lamont ddax lamf hongr bets car moij vieecj. Neeus nhuw mootj vieecj khieens nguwowif daan Myx tuwcs giaanj vaf phanr ddoois, thif ddos chinhs laf muwu moo nayf (mieenx truwf hoawcj hoanx cacs khoanr nowj cuar Dduwcs, Anh, Phaps ddoosis vowis Myx). Lamont chawngr hieeur gif veef suwj phaanx nooj cuar car nuwowcs Myx ddoois vowis cacs ngaan hangf. Cacs ngaan hangf muoons bieens chungs tooi (cacs chinhs trij gia trowr thanhf ddoongf muwu cuar xax hooij dden. Cos lex hoj ddax ddatj dduwowcj mootj banr thoar uwowcs veef khoanr booif thuwowngf chieens tranh vowis nguwowif Dduwcs, nhuwng laij hoanf thanhf banr thoar uwowcs aays theo mootj cachs trawngs trownj nhaats (8) (Ron Chernow, Gia toocj Morgan (The House of Morgun) - New York: Grove Press 1990, tr. 328). Keet thucs laf Hoover ddax tuwf choois yeeu caauf cuar phoos Wall, vaf nuwowcs Phaps khaats nowj. Ddieeuf cangf lamf cho cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf phoos Wall tuwcs anh achs chinhs laf hangf loatj thoong tin xaaus veef tinhf hinhf taif chinhs xuaats phats tuwf vieecj toongr thoongs Hoover cuwowng quyeets ddoois mawtj vowis hanhf vi lungx ddoanj thij truwowngf coor phieeus, tinhf trangj thaats nghieepj nguy kichj chuwa tuwngf thaays cungx nhuw suwj suy thoais cuar neenf kinh tees vaf thamr canhr cuar daan chuings trong cown baox thij truwowngf coor phieeus. Taats car cacs vaans ddeef nayf taoj neen suwj phaanx nooj kichj lieetj ddoois vowis cacs ngaan hangf phoos Wall. Toongr thoongs Hoover dduwowcj daan chungs ungr hooj ddax quyeets ddinhj vachj mawtj cacs ngaan hangf vaf yeeu caauf phair lamf cho ra nhex. Hoover thawngr thuwngf tuyeen boos rawngf, thij truwowngf coor phieeus New York laf mootj songf bacj lowns do cacs

nhaf ngaan hangf thao tungs, cacs phaanf tuwr ddaauf cow nhawmf lamf lungx ddoanj thij truwowngf – ddax canr trowr suwj khooi phucj nieemf tin ddoois vowis thij truwowngf. Hown thees nuwax, oong conf canhr baos Houston, vij chur tichj Sowr giao dichj chuwngs khoans New York rawngf, neeus khoong hanj chees hanhf vi lungx ddoanj thij truwowngf coor phieeus, oong sex yeeu caauf quoocs hooij tieens hanhf ddieeuf tra vaf giams sats chawtj chex thij truwowngf coor phieeus. Caau trar lowif cuar phoos Wall ddoois vowis yeeu caauf cuar toongr thoongs laf duwts khoats vaf ddown gianr: “Hoang dduwowngf!” Khoong theer chiuj dduwngj hown nuwax, toongr thoongs Hoover benf ra leenhj cho Ngaan hangf Haj nghij vieenj vaf uyr ban tieenf teej toor chuwcs ddieeuf tra hanhf vi lungx ddoanj thij truwowngf coor phieeus. Phoos Wall laapj tuwcs phais Lamont ddeens Nhaf Trawngs awn truwa cungf vowis toongr thoongs vaf Booj truwowngr ngoaij giao hongf mong chawnj dduwngs cuoocj ddieeuf tra (9) (Ron Chernow, Gia toocj Morgan (The House of Morgun) - New York: Grove Press 1990, tr. 352). Ngay sau khi cuoocj ddieeuf tra phanh phui ra nhuwngx ams muooij ddanwgf sau thij truwowngf coor phieeus cuoois thaapj nieen 20, hangf loatj cacs thuwowng vuj lowns nhor laanf luwowtj bij looi ra anhs sangs vaf gaay chaans ddoongj duw luaanj. Raats nhieeuf thoong tin xaaus lieen quan ddeens thij truwowngf coor phieeus cuar cacs coong ty nhuw taapj ddoanf Goldman Sachs, coong ty Morgan bij phowi bayf ra anhs sangs. Khi moois quan heej logic giuwax hieenj tuwowngj rowts gias cuar thij truwowngf coor phieeus vaf suwj tieeu ddieeuf cuar neenf kinh tees dduwowcj phanh phui giuwax banf daan thieen haj thif suwj giaanj duwx cuar nguwowif daan ddax chiax veef huwowngs cacs ngaan hangf. Conf toongr thoongs Hoover vaf con dduwowngf chinhs trij cuar oong cungx ddoongf thowif bij dduwts ddoanj giuwax bieenr luwar giaanj duwx cuar car cacs ngaan hangf laanx daan c hungs. Vaf nguwowif thay thees oong chinhs laf Franklinh Delano Roosevelt – nguwowif dduwowcj goij laf vij toongr thoongs vix ddaij nhaats thees kyr 20 cuar Myx.

3. Franklin Delano Roosevelt laf ai? Chinhs cacs banj vaf tooi ddeeuf bieets rawngf, treen thuwcj tees, cacs thees luwcj taif chinhs trong guoongf mays quyeenf luwcj vix ddaij tuwf

ddowif toongr thoongs Jackson ddax bawts ddaauf khoongs chees chinhs phur. Quoocs gia nayf sex phair tieeps tucj cuoocj ddaaus tranh vowis giowis ngaan hangf tuwf thowif Jackson, chir cos ddieeuf laf nos sex dduwowcj dieenx ra treen quy moo lowns hown vaf roongj hown maf thooi (10) (F.D.R: Thuw tuwf cas nhaan (New York: Duell, Sloan and Pearce 1950), tr. 373).Roosevelt, ngayf 21 thawngs 11 nawm 1933. Trong banr “caos bachj chaan tinhf” nayf cuar Roosevelt cos mootj soos ddieeuf gioongs nhuw nhuwngx gif Wilson ddax phats bieeur nawm ddos. Neeus Wilson chir laf mootj hocj giar khoong am hieeur muwu moo thur ddoanj cuar cacs ngaan hangf thif Roosevelt laij laf mootj nhaan vaatj tuwngf trair. Ngayf 20 thangs 8 nawm 1932, trong baif dieenx thuyeets tranh cuwr cuar minhf owr bang Ohio, Roosevelt ddax nois rawngf: Chungs tooi phats hieenj thaays 2/3 neenf coong nghieepj Myx taapj trung trong tay maays trawm coong ty, tuy nhieen, treen thuwcj tees, nhuwngx coong ty nayf bij mootj nhoms khoong quas 5 nhaan vaatj quan trongj khoongs chees. Chungs tooi phats hieenj rawngf, 30 nhaf taif phieetj vaf kinh doanh ngaan hangf chuwngs khoans laf nhuwngx nguwowif ddongs vai trof quyeets ddinhj ddoois vowis suj luwu thoong tieenf teej cuar Myx. Nois mootj cachs khacs, quyeenf luwcj kinh tees taapj trung cao ddooj trong tay mootj soos its nguwowif. Taats car nhuwngx ddieeuf nayf laf trais nguwowcj vowis nhuwngx gif maf toongr thoongs tieenf nhieemj Hoover ddax tuwngf nois” (11)(Antony C. Sullon, phố Wall và F.D. Roosevelt (Wall Street and F.D. Roosevelt) - Arlington House Publishers 1975- Chuwowng 1).Roosevelt thif timf moij cachs ddeer daan chungs Myx camr thaays oong gioongs vowis toongr thoongs Jackson nguwowif khoong ddooij trowif chung vowis cacs ngaan hangf vaf raats dduwowcj nhaan daan meens mooj, mootj vij toongr thoongs dungx camr chaaps nhaanj khieeu chieens vowis cacs thees luwcj taif chinhs muwu moo xaor quyeetj ddeer baor veej nguwowif daan thaaps coor bes hongj. Tuy nieen, thaatj ddangs tieecs, Roosevelt conf cos quan heej maatj thieets vowis giowis ngaan hangf quoocs tees chawngr thua gif toongr thoongs Hoover. James Roosevelt – boos cuar Roosevelt – laf nguwowif sangs laapj neen Ngaan hangf New York vaof nawm 1784, mootj trong nhuwngx ngaan

hangf xuaats hieenj sowms nhaats trong lichj suwr nuwowcs Myx. Ngaan hangf nayf ddax bij phats maix treen thij truwowngf coong trais Myx vaof nawm 2006 do cos dinhs lius ddeens vieecj thao tungs gias coong trais. Khi Roosevelt tranh cuwr toongr thoogns, ngaan hangf nayf dduwowcj George – anh hoj cuar Roosevelt – ddieeuf hanhf. Cha cuar Roosevelt laf mootj ddaij gia trong nganhf coong nghieepj Myx vowis sanr nghieepj khoongr loof owr khawps nowi nhuw mor than ddas, dduwowngf sawts. Oong cungx ddoongf thowif laf nguwowif sangs laapj neen coong ty chuwngs khoans dduwowngf sawts mieenf Nam (Southern Railway Security Company) – mootj trong nhuwngx coong ty chuwngs khoans ddaauf tieen cuar Myx. Banr thaan Roosevelt cungx ddax tuwngf toots nghieepj khoa luaatj Ddaij hocj Harvard, sau ddos hanhf ngheef luaatj suw vowis khachs hangf chur yeeus laf coong ty Morgan. Nawm 1916, cungf vowis suwj phats trieenr manhj mex cuar linhx vuwcj ngaan hangf ddoongf thowif dduwowcj cacs thees luwcj taif chinhs hoox trowj, khi mowis 34 tuooir, Roosevelt ddax dduwowcj boor nhieemj lamff trowj lys Booj truwowngr Booj Hair quaan Myx. Booj Hair quaan chinhs laf coor ddoong cao caaps cuar Morgan vaf thuwowngf xuyeen tacs ddoongj ddeens Ramon ddeer sawps xeeps nowi awn choons owr cho Roosevelt taij Washington. Roosevelt conf cos mootj nguwowif chus ddax tuwngf giuwx chuwcs toongr thoongs Myx – Theodore Roosevetl – vaf mootj nguwowif anh hoj khacs laf George E. Roosevelt – mootj nhaan vaatj cos maus mawtj owr phoos Wall. Trong thowif kyf ddaij sats nhaapj nganhf dduwowngf sawts, oong ta ddax tais toor chuwcs its nhaats 14 coong ty dduwowngf sawts, ddoongf thowif conf nawms chuwcs Chur tichj cuar cacs coong ty Guaranty Trust Company, Chemical Bank, Guaranty Trust Company truwcj thuoocj Morgan vaf hangf loatj cacs coong ty lowns bes khacs. Dongf hoj ngoaij cuar Roosevelt cungx thuoocj dongf thees phieetj traam anh, cos quan heej thaan thichs vowis 9 ddowif toongr thoongs Myx. Trong lichj suwr caanj ddaij cuar Myx, khoong cos mootj vij toongr thoongs naof cos dduwowcj thees luwcj chinhs trij vaf nguoonf voons ngaan hangf lowns hown Roosevelt. Nawm 1921, Roosevelt thooi vieecj trong booj mays chinhs phur vaf veef ddaauf quaan cho phoos Wall, trowr thanhf chur tichj vaf phos chur tichj

cuar raats nhieeuf toor chuwcs taif chinhs. Lowij dungj moois quan heej vowis cacs chinhs trij gia vaf cacs oong trumf ngaan hangf, Roosevelt kieems dduwowcj nhuwngx khoanr lowij keechs xuf cho cacs coong ty cuar minh. Trong buwcs thuw guwir Meh – mootj nguwowif banj cux owr Haj nghij vieenj, Roosevelt ddax vieets rawngf: “Vif moois quan heej huwux nghij laau daif giuwax chungs ta, tooi hy vongj anh sex giups tooi. Tooi ddang mong kieems dduwowcj mootj soos howpj ddoongf coong trais tuwf tay Brooklyn maf haauf heets cacs coong trais nayf ddeeuf cos lieen quan ddeens coong trinhf thanhf phoos. Tooi hy vongj banj bef cux cos theer nhows ddeens tooi. Lucs nayf tooi khoong theer quaays raayf hoj, nhuwng banj bef tooi cungx laf banj cuar anh, vaf neeus nhuw cos thuts tinhf camr danhf cho tooi thif ddos sex laf suwj giups ddowx to lowns ddoois vowis tooij vaf tooi sex khoong bao giowf queen own (12) (Antony C. Sullon, phố Wall và F.D. Roosevelt (Wall Street and F.D. Roosevelt) -Arlington House Publishers 1975- Chuwowng 2)”.Trong thuw guwir mootj nguwowif banj mowis gianhf dduwowcj mootj moois lamf awn lowns vowis Booj Hair quaan, Roosevelt vieets rawngf: “Banj tooi been hair quaan tinhf cowf nois vowis tooi veef mootj howpj ddoongf mua bans ddaij bacs 203mm vowis coong ty anh. Ddieeuf nayf khieens tooi nhows laij suwj howpj tacs vui ver giuwax chungs ta thowif tooi conf lamf trowj lys Booj truwonwgr Booj Hair quaan. Ddeef nghij anh thuwr xem xets khar nawng coong ty tooi tieeu thuj mootj soos coong trais cuar cacs anh. Tooi hy vongj anh sex cho pheps ddaij dieenj cuar tooi goij ddieenj thoaij cho anh ddeer banf veef vieecj nayf (13) (Antony C. Sullon, phố Wall và F.D. Roosevelt (Wall Street and F.D. Roosevelt) -Arlington House Publishers 1975). Trong mootj soos thuwowng vuj lamf awn cos muwcs lowij nhuaanj lowns, Roosevelt ddax tuyeen boos trawngs trownj rawngf “moois quan heej huwux nghij cas nhaan thuaanf tuys laf chuwa ddur”. Khi ddocj nhuwngx buwcs thuw nayf, chungs ta cos theer hinhf dung ra mootj toongr thoongs Roosevelt nawng ddoongj ra sao. Nawm 1922, Roosevetl tham gia thanhf laapj Coong ty ddaauf tuw Lieen howpj chaau Aau (United European Investors, Ltd), ddoongf thowif giuwx chuwcs Chur tichj Hooij ddoongf quanr trij coong ty nayf. Trong ban coos vaans hooij ddoongf quanr trij cuar coong ty nayf conf cos car

nguyeen thur tuwowngs Dduwcs Wilhelm Cuno vaf Max Warburg – nhuwngx ker chur muwu gaay ra nanj lamj phaps tieenf teej sieeu caaps owr Dduwcs nawm 1923 – vaf Paul - em trai cuar Max vaf laf Phos chur tichj kieem toongr kieens trucs suw Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx. Trong 60.000 coor phaanf uwu tieen dduwowcj coong ty nayf phats hanhf ra, Roosevelt laf nguwowif nawms giuwx soos luwowngj lowns nhaats. Coong ty Ddaauf tuw Lieen howpj chaau Aau chur yeeus thuwcj hieenj cacs vuj buoon bans ddaauf cow owr Dducs. Trong cown baox tieenf teej sieeu caaps owr Dduwcs, khi nguwowif daan Dduwcs bij bocs lootj ddeens cungf thif coong ty nayf laij phaats nhanh nhuw dieeuf gawpj gios (14) (Antony C. Sullon, phố Wall và F.D. Roosevelt (Wall Street and F.D. Roosevelt) -Arlington House Publishers 1975-). Nanj lamj phats tieenf teej sieeu caaps dduwowcj coi laf “coos mays thu hoachj sieeu hangf”. Trong cuoocj khungr hoangr tieenf teej nawm 1923 owr Dduwcs, mootj luwowngj lowns taif sanr cuar nguwowif daan rowi vaof tay cacs nhaf taif phieetj. Cuoocj khungr hoangr nayf ddax phanr anhs mootj cachs chaan thuwcj nhaats “suwj bawng hoaij ddaoj dduwcs cuar mootj lowps nguwowif trong xax hooij. Chir caanf cos trong tay mootj vaif ddoongf USD hoawcj banr Anh, baats keer ai cungx cos theer awn sung mawcj suwowngs nhuw ddees vuwowng. Vaif USD cos theer khieens cho nguwowif ta trowr neen giauf cos nhuw phus oong. Nguwowif nuwowcs ngoaif chen nhau ddeens ddaay, ddaau ddaau gias car cungx rer matj khieens nguwowif ta tranh nhau mua nhaf cuwar, ddaats ddai, sanr phaamr ngheej thuaatj cuar nguwowif Dduwcs (15) (Marjori Palmer, Cuoocj ddaij lamj phats cuar Dduwcs tuwf 1918-1923; (1918-1923 German Hyperinflation) - New York: Traders Press, 1967).Cungx gioongs nhuw nhuwngx gif ddax xayr ra trong cown baox lamj phats tieenf teej sieeu hangj owr Lieen Xoo thowif kyf ddaauf thaapj nieen 90, mootj luwowngj lowns taif sanr xax hooij owr Dduwcs ddax bij tuwowcs ddoatj, giai caaps tuw sangr baacj trung laam vaof canhr khuynh gia baij sanr, ddoongf USD hay ddoongf bangr Anh ddootj nhieen cos gias. Keynes ddax tuwngf nois: “Vieecj aps dungj bieenj phaps taoj ra nanj lamj phats tieenf teej sieeu caaps cos theer giups mootj soos nguwowif mawcj suwcs tuwowcs ddoatj taif sanr cuar nhaan daan. Trong quas trinhf ddos, phaanf lowns dan chungs sex trowr neen baanf cungf,

trong khi mootj soos its laij trowr leen giauf troong thaays….Quas trinhf nayf tichs tuj nhuwngx nhaan toos tieemf aanr phas hoaij quy luaatj kinh tees maf trong car trieeuj nguwowif cungx chawngr cos ai nhaanj ra cawn nguyeen cuar vaans ddeef”. Roosevelt ddax tuwngf phee phans kichj lieetj moois quan heej thaan maatj giuwax Hoover vaf phoos Wall ddoongf thowif tuwj xem minhf laf vij cuwus tinh cuar daan chungs. Tuy nhieen, ddieeuf nayf laij maau thuaanx vowis nhuwngx gif oong ta ddax lamf treen thuwcj tees truwowcs ddaay.

4. Loaij bor chees ddooj banr vij vangf: Suws meenhj lichj suwr cuar ngaan hangf trao cho Roosevelt

Duwowis suwj chees uwowcs cuar banr vij vangf, cuoocj chieens tranh thees giowis laanf thuws nhaats ddax khieens cho ganhs nawngj nowj naanf cuar cacs nuwowcs chaau Aau trowr neen nawngj neef. Neeus khoong cos Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx taapj trung huy ddoongj nguoonf taif chinhs cho cuoocj chieens thif cos lex quy moo chieens tranh chir owr muwcs ddooj cucj booj. Chieens tranh thees giowis laanf thuws nhaats ddax mang laij cho cacs ngaan hangf quoocs tees mootj cow hooij lamf giauf. Duf cos suwj hoox trowj cuar Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx, song duwowis suwj khoongs chees nghieem ngawtj cuar banr vij vangf, cacs ngaan hangf cungx khoong theer yeen taam vowis luwowngj taif chinhs vas vius vaf khos cos theer choongs ddoois nooir cuoocj chieens khacs owr caaps ddooj toanf cauf. Vif vaayj, vieecj phees bor banr vij vangf ddax trowr thanhf nhieemj vuj khaanr caaps cuar cacs ngaan hangf quoocs tees. Trong dieenx bieens nawm nganf nawm cuar lichj suwr xax hooij loaif nguwowif, vangf ddax daanf daanf trowr thanhf mootj loaij taif sanr dduwowcj cacs nuwowcs treen thees giowis coong nhaanj. Moois quan heej taats yeeus cuar nguwowif daan ddoois vowis vangf ddax trowr thanhf logic tuwj nhieen trong ddowif soongs. Khi khoong ddoongf ys vowis chinhs sachs vaf tinhf hinhf kinh tees cuar chinhs phur, nguwowif daan cos theer chonj cachs ddem tieenf giaays maf hoj ddang nawms giuwx trong tay ddooir thanhf tieenf vangf rooif ddowij thowif cow toots hown. Treen thuwcj tees, vaans ddeef hoans ddooir tuwf tieenf giaays sang vangf ddax trowr thanhf neenf tangr tuwj do kinh tees cow banr

nhaats cuar nguwowif daan, vaf chir cos treen cow sowr nayf, suwj tuwj do cuar baats cuws neenf daan chur hay hinhf thuwcs xax hooij naof mowis cos dduwowcj ddaayf ddur ys nghiax thuwcj tees cuar nos. Vieecj chinhs phur cuwowngx chees vieecj ddooir tieenf giaays thanhf vangf cuar nguwowif daan cungx cos nghiax rawngf, suwj tuwj do cow banr nhaats cuar nguwowif daan ddax bij tuwowcs ddoatj. Trong tinhf trangj xax hooij binhf thuwowngf, vieecj phees bor banr vij vangf taats sex daans ddeens suwj baats oonr nghieem trongj trong xax hoij, thaamj chis conf cos theer gaay neen mootj cuoocj cachs mangj baoj luwcj. Chir trong nhuwngx tinhf huoongs baats ddawcs dix, nguwowif daan mowis ddanhf tamj thowif hy sinh quyeenf lowij cuar minhf. Ddaay chinhs laf lys do taij sao cacs ngaan hangf laij mong xayr ra khungr hoangr. Truwowcs nguy cow khungr hoangr vaf suy thoais kinh tees, nguwowif daan thuwowngf tor ra deex thoar hieepj nhaats, suwj ddoanf keets giuwax hoj deex bij phas vowx nhaats, duw luaanj deex bij daanx dawts nhaats, suwcs taapj trung xax hooij deex bij phaan tans nhaats vaf muwu kees cuar cacs ngaan hangf deex dduwowcj thuwcj hieenj nhaats. Vif thees maf nanj khungr hoangr vaf suy thoais dduwowcj cacs nhaf ngaan hangf xem nhuw mootj thuws vux khis lowij haij nhawmf choongs laij chinhs phur vaf nguwowif daan. Nawm 1812, vieecj Ngaan hangf thuws nhaats cuar nuwowcs Myx bij giair theer ddax daanx ddeens suwj baos thuf cuar gia toocj Rothschild ddoongf thowif lamf bungf phats cuoocj chieens tranh giuwax Anh vaf Myx. Cuoois cungf chinhs phur Myx chiuj nhuwowngj booj vaf laapj neen ngaan hangf thuws hai. Nawm 1837, toongr thoongs Jackson xoas bor Ngaan hangf thuws hai cuar Myx. Cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf laapj tuwcs bans ddoor bans thaos coong trais Myx treen thij truwowngf London, thu hooif cacs khoanr cho vay, khieens cho neenf kinh tees Myx rowi vaof suy thoais nghieem trongj vaf tinhf trangj nayf keos daif maix cho ddeens nawm 1848. Trong cacs nawm 1857, 1870, 1907, vif muoons eps chinhs phur Myx xaay duwngj laij ngaan hangf trung uwowng tuw huwux, cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf quoocs tees laij mootj laanf nuwax cungf nhau taoj neen khungr hoangr taif chinhs. Cuoois cungf, hoj ddax thanhf laapj neen

ngaan hangf trung uwowng tuw huwux - Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx – tuwf ddos hoanf toanf khoongs chees quyeenf phats hanhf tieenf teej cuar Myx. Mucj ddichs cuoois cungf cuar cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf quoocs tees trong cuoocj ddaij suy thoais nawm 1929 laf xoas bor banr vij vangf, thuwcj thi chinhs sachs tieenf teej gias rer, taoj ra looj trinhf taif chinhs cho cuoocj chieens tranh thees giowis laanf thuws hai. Ngayf 4 thangs 3 nawm 1933, Roosevelt nhaanj chuwcs toongr thoongs Hoa Kyf khoas 32. Ngay sau khi nhaanj chuwcs, Roosevelt ddax tor rox thais ddooj khoong khoan nhuwowngj vowis phoos Wall. Thaamj chis, ngay trong buooir leex tuyeen theej nhaanj chuwcs, oong ddax tuyeen boos rawngf, keer tuwf ngayf 6 thangs 3 nawm 1933, cacs ngaan hangf treen toanf quoocs phair tamj nguwngf kinh doanh ddeer chinhs phur chaans chinhr laij cow caaus taif chinhs, chir khi naof coong tacs ddieeuf tra soor sachs hoanf thanhf thif mowis dduwowcj mowr cuwar trowr laij. Vieecj cacs ngaan hangf tamj thowif bij ddinhf chir hoatj ddoongj dduwowcj coi nhuw hieenj tuwowngj laj trong lichj suwr nuwowcs Myx vaf khieens cho daan chungs vui muwngf hoan hir. Neenf kinh tees lowns nhaats thees giowis nayf ddax toonf taij trong tinhf trangj “thoi thops” maf trong ddos chuwa tuwngf dieenx ra vif haauf nhuw khoong cos mootj ngaan hangf naof hoatj ddoongj trong suoots 10 ngayf (16) (Glyn Davis. Lichj suwr tieenf teej tuwf thowif coor ddaij ddeens nay (History of Money From Ancient Times to The Present Day) - University of Wales Press 2002, tr.512). Tieeps ddos, Roosevelt laij giams sats chawtj chex cacs hoatj ddoongj ddieeuf tra ddoois vowis phoos Wall voons ddax dduwowcj bawts ddaauf tuwf thowif toongr thoongs Hoover, chiax muix nhonj vaof gia toocj Morgan. Trong mootj loatj vuj ddieeuf traanf, Jack Morgan vaf coor ddoong cuar oong ta bij xoay nhuw chong chongs truwowcs suwj chuwngs kieens cuar toanf daan Myx. Nhuwngx cus ddanhs cuar Roosevelt nhawms vaof cacs ngaan hangf phoos Wall cuws dieenx ra lieen tieeps, cus sau manhj hown cus truwowcs. Cuoois cungf, vaof ngayf 16 thangs 6 nawm 1933, Roosevelt laij tung ra mootj cus ddanhs manhj tay hown nuwax: kys “duwj luaatj Glass – Steagall”, theo ddos, coong ty Morgan bij tachs thanhf hai: Ngaan

hangf Morgan vaf coong ty Morgan Stansey. Ngaan hangf Morgan chir cos theer hoatj ddoongj theo moo hinhf truyeenf thoongs cuar mootj ngaan hangf thuwowng maij, conf coong ty Morgan Stanley hoatj ddoongj theo moo hinhf cuar mootj ngaan hangf ddaauf tuw. Roosevelt khoong heef nuwowng tay ddoois vowis Sowr giao dichj chuwngs khoans New York vaf ddax ban hanhf cacs vawn kieenj nhuw “Phaps leenhj chuwngs khoans 1933” vaf “Phaps leenhj giaos dichj chuwngs khoans 1934”, thanhf laapj ban giao dichj chuwngs khoans (SEC) ddoongf thowif phuj trachs vieecj giams sats thij truwowngf coor phieeus. Chinhs sachs cuar toongr thoongs Roosevelt ddax dduwowcj duw luaanj trong xax hooij ddanhs gias cao, giair toar dduwowcj suwj oans haanj cuar daan chungs ddoois vowis cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf phoos Wall. Ngay car dongf hoj Morgan cungx phair thuwaf nhaanj rawngf: “Suwj toon sungf toongr thoongs Roosevelt tranf ngaapj khawps nowi. Mowis nhaanj chuwcs toongr thoongs trong mootj tuaanf maf oong ddax lamf dduwowcj ddieeuf kyf dieeuj khieens cho giowis taif phieetj phair lo lawngs. Ddaats nuwowcs nayf chuwa tuwngf cos nhuwngx chuyeenj nhuw vaayj (17) (Ron Chernow, Gia toocj Morgan (The House of Morgan) - New York: Grove Press 1990); tr. 357).Nawm 1933, thij truwowngf coor phieeus New York phaats manhj vowis muwcs tawng truwowngr leen ddeens 54%. Nhuw mootj nguwowif anh hungf, Roosevelt tuyeen boos manhj mex rawngf: “Ddams buoon tieenf ddax thaos chayj khoir thanhs ddieenj vawn minh cuar chungs ta. Giowf ddaay, chungs ta sex cos theer khooi phucj laij dieenj maoj coor xuwa cuar thanhs dduwowngf thaanf thanhs nayf (18) (Ron Chernow, Gia toocj Morgan (The House of Morgan) - New York: Grove Press 1990); tr. 357).Vaans ddeef laf, giuwax banr chaats cuar suwj vieecj dieenx ra vaf camr nhaanj chung dduwowcj nhuwngx ker thaan caanj trung gian coos ys toaj neen thuwowng toonr taij mootj sai leechj raat slowns, trong khi chungs ta khos tranhs dduwowcj aor giacs ddoois vowis nhuwngx truwowngf canhr dduwowcj ddaoj dieenx mootj cachs taif tinhf.

Sau khi tamj thowif nguwngf hoatj ddoongj, raats nhieeuf ngaan hangf khu vuwcj mieenf Taay – Trung Myx voons kieen quyeets ra nhaapj Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang cunx khoong theer mowr cuwar trowr laij. Vaf ddos thuwcj suwj laf mootj thij truwowngf roongj lowns dduwowcj giowis taif phieetj phoos Wall domf ngos. Nguwowif dduwowcj luwaj chonj vaof chuwcs Booj truwowngr taif chinhs cuar Roosevelt chinhs laf Morgenthau – con trai cur Henry Morgenthau ddoongf thowif laf mootj nhaan vaatj cos maus mawtj owr phoos Wall. Uwngs cuwr vieen chuwcs Chur tichj Sowr Giao dichj chuwngs khoans do Roosevelt luwaj chonj cangf khieens nguwowif ta dowr khocs dowr cuwowif. Ddos chinhs laf Joseph Kennedy – nhaf ddaauf cow coor phieeus nooir tieengs ddax tuwngf lungx ddoanj thij truwowngf coor phieeus truwowcs khi thij truwowngf chuwngs khoans rowi vaof vongf suy thoais traamf trongj nawm 1929. Trong thowif kyf khungr hoangr 1929 – 1933, sanr nghieepj cuar Joseph ddax tawng tuwf 4 trieeuj Usd leen 100 trieeuj USD. Oong cungx laf mootj nhaan vaatj thaan thuoocj cuar Jack Morgan ddoongf thowif laf cha cuar toongr thoongs Kennedy luwngf laayx tieengs tawm sau nay. Nguwowif ddeef xuaats duwj luaatj Glass – Steagall ddeer tachs coong ty Morgan chinhs laf thuwowngj nghij six Glass – ddeef xuaats duwj luaatj Glass – nguwowif tham gia hoachj ddinhj Duwj luaatj Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx nawm ddos. Thuwcj ra, duwj luaatj nayf hoanf toanf khoong gaay thieetj haij nawngj neef cho coong ty Morgan, nguwowicj laij conf giups cho coong ty nayf ngayf cangf awn neen lamf ra. Trong sooss 425 nhaan vieen cuar coong ty J. P. Morgan, cos 125 nguwowif dduwowcj chonj ra ddeer xaay duwngj neen coong ty Morgan Stanley, trong ddos, 90% coor phaanf thuoocj veef Jack Morgan vaf Ramon. Treen thuwcj tees, sau khi chia tachs, hai coong ty vaanx hoanf toanf nawmf duwowis suwj kieemr soats cuar Jack Morgan. Nawm 1935, sau khi khai truwowng coong ty, Morgan Stanley ddax nhaanj thaauf tieeu thuj luwowngj coong trais trij gias 1 tyr USD, chieems 25% soos coor phieeus cuar toanf thij truwowngf (19) (Ron Chernow, Gia toocj Morgan (The House of Morgan) - New York: Grove Press 1990); tr. 386-390). Treen thuwcj tees, cacs coong ty lowns phats hanhf coong trais vaanx phair

duwaj vaof uy luwcj nayf cuar Morgan nguwowif cos anhr huwowngr lowns vaf cos theer suwcs eps vowis Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx. Cuoocj ddieeuf traanf Quoocs hooij ddoois vowis Morgan dduwowcj coi laf manf kichj thus vij nhaats vaf thu huts dduwowcj suwj quan taam cuar daan chungs. Nhuw vaayj, Roosevelt ddax cos ddieeuf kieenj ddeer bis maatj ban hanhf cacs phaps leenhj quan trongj nhawmf loaij bor banr vij vangf. Ngayf 11 thangs 3 nawm 1933, chir moot tuaanf sau khi nhaanj chuwcs, Roosevelt ddax ban hanhf meenhj leenhj ddinhf chir hoatj ddoongj hoois ddoais vangf cur cacs ngaan hangf vowis cais cows giuwx cho neenf kinh tees oonr ddinhj. Tieeps ddos, ngayf 5 thangs 4, oong ta laij ra leenhj cho daan chungs giao noopj laij toanf booj soos vangf hoj cos cho chinhs phur vowis gias hoans ddooir 20,67 USD/ ounce vangf. Ngoaif mootj soos tieenf vangf hoawcj vangf trang suwcs, baats cuws nguwowif naof caats giuwx vangf ddeeuf bij phatj 10 nawm tuf giam vaf chiuj khoanr tieenf phatj leen ddeens 250.000 USD. Tuy dduwowcj Roosevelt bieenj minh laf “phuwowng phaps tamj thowif trong tinhf hinhf khaanr caaps”, song duwj luaatj nayf ddax keos daif maix ddeens nawm 1974 mowis dduwowcj huyr bor. Thangs Gieeng nawm 1934, Roosevelt laij thoong qua “duwj luaatj duwj truwx vangf”, ddinhj gias vangf 35USD/ounce, nhuwng nguwowif daan Myx khoong cos quyeenf hoans ddooir vangf. Vuwaf mowis noopj vangf cho chinhs phur vowis gias 20.67 USD/ounce, nay nguoonf tichs luyx cuar hoj ddax giamr ddi quas nuwar, trong khi ddams “khachs hangf uwu tieen” cuar cacs ngaan hangf quoocs tees nhowf bieets dduwowcj thoong tin noooij booj truwowcs khi thij truwowngf coor phieeus suy supj vaof nawm 1929 ddax ruts khoir thij truwowngf chuwngs khoans mootj luwowngj tieenf voons lowns vaf hoans ddooir thanhf vangf vaf ddeer vaanj chuyeenr ddeens London. Lucs nayf, hoj cos theer bans vangf vowis gias 35USD/ounce, vaf nhuw vaayj, gias vangf ddax tawng 69,33% so vowis gias chinhs phur thu mua truwowcs ddos. Khi dduwowcj Roosevelt hoir veef quan ddieemr lieen quan ddeens cacs phaps leenhj ddinhj gias vangf, Thomas Gore – vij thuwowngj nghij six khieems thij uyeen thaam cuar nuwowcs Myx – ddax lanhj lungf ddaps rawngf: “Rox rangf ddos laf mootj trof awn cuwowps, phair khoong, thuwa toongr thoongs?” Ddoois vowis caau trar lowif thawngr thawns

cuar thuwowngj nghij six Thomas Gore, Roosevelt luoon luoon canh canhs trong longf mootj nooix uwu tuw. Vij thuwowngj nghij six nayf chinhs laf oong nooij cuar Al Gore, Phos toongr thoongs Myx sau nayf. Vaof nawm 1948, Howard Buffett – mootj nghij six khacs suoots ddowif theo dduooir dduwowngf loois khooi phucj banr vij vangf ddax nois rawngf: “Tooi canhr baos cho cacs ngaif bieeets, cacs nhaf chinhs trij cuar hai ddangr ddeeuf sex phanr ddoois vieecj khooi phucj banr vij vangf. Nhuwng nguwowif nuwowcs ngoaif phats taif nhowf chees ddooj tieenf teej gias rer cuar Myx cungx sex phanr ddoois vieecj khooi phucj chees ddooj banr vij vangf. Cacs ngaif caanf phair chuaanr bij tris tueej vaf suwj nhayj bens ddeer ddoois mawtj vowis suwj phanr ddoois cuar hoj” (20) (Bieen nieen suwr thuwowng maij vaf taif chinhs (The Commercial and Financial Chronicle), 6/5/1948). Duf suoots ddowif nung naaus ys ddinhj khooi phucj banr vij vangf nhuwng Buffett cha khoong theer taanj mawts chuwngs kieens suwj vieecj ddos, vaf nieemf tin nayf ddax awn saau vaof taam tris con trai oong – Warren Buffett – oong vua coor phieeus vowis tieengs tawm luwngf laayx khawps thees giowis. Nawm 1997, vowis suy nghix rawngf chees ddooj tieenf teej phaps ddinhj taats yeeus sex supj ddoor, trong khi gias bacj rowts gaanf xuoongs muwcs thaaps nhaats trong lichj suwr, Buffett ddax quyeets ddinhj mua vaof 1/3 luwowngj bacj treent thees giowis. Vieecj loaij bor hoanf toanf vai trof vangf trong heej thoongs tieenf teej khoong phair laf chuyeenj ddown gianr vaf nhej nhangf. Quas trinhf nayf phair dduwowcj thuwcj thi theo ba giai ddoanj. Buwowcs thuws nhaats laf loaij bor tieenf vangf ddang dduwowcj luwu thoong cungx nhuw xoas bor vieecj hoans ddooir vangf trong phamj vi nuwowcs Myx. Buwowcs thuws hai laf loaij bor chuwcs nawng tieenf teej cuar vangf treen phamj vi thees giowis. Nawm 1944, Quy chuaanr hoois ddoais USD (Dollar Exchange Standard) do Bretton Woods System xaay duwngj ddax thay thees Quy chuaanr hoois ddoais vangf (Gold Exchange Standard). Buwowcs cuoois cungf laf do toongr thoongs Nixon thuwcj hieenj vaof nawm 1971.

Keynes laf nguwowif phaats cowf hoo haof, conf cacs nhaf taif phieetj ddoongf thanh phuj hoaj. Vaf cuoois cungf, vowis nhuwngx thur ddoanj luwaf gatj, Roosevelt ddax xoas bor dduwowcj chees ddoj banr vij vangf. Cungx chinhs vif thees maf suwj thaam hutj taif chinhs vaf tieenf teej gias rer ddax manh nha hinhf thanhf. Keynes ddax tuwngf nois mootj caau nooir tieengs rawngf: “Veef laau daif, chungs ta ddeeuf sex cheets”, nhuwng haauj quar cuar nhuwngx hanhf vi maf cacs nhaf ngaan hangf ddax gaay ra thif vaanx conf maix vowis lichj suwr.

5. Adolf Hitler ddax phats taif nhowf ai? Towf New York Times ngayf 24 thangs 11 nawm 1933 ddax dduwa tin veef mootj cuoons sachs gaay nhieeuf tranh caix cuar Sidney Warburg. Dduwowcj xuaats banr sowms nhaats owr Haf Lan nawm 1933, sau vaif ngayf nawmf treen keej, cuoons sachs nayf ddax bij caams. Mootj soos cuoons sots laij dduwowcj dichj sang tieengs Anh vaf dduwowcj truwng bayf trong Vieenj baor tangf Anh, nhuwng veef sau bij caams luwu hanhf trong coong chungs. Cos nhieeuf thoong tin cho rawngf, Sidney Warburg – tacs giar cuoons sachs nayf – laf thanhf vieen cuar gia toocj Warburg, mootj trong nhuwngx dongf hoj lowns nhaats nuwowcs Myx trong linhx vuwcj ngaan hangf. Tuy nhieen, gia toocj Warburg ddax kieen quyeets phur nhaanj thoong tin nayf. Cuoons sachs nayf ddax tieets looj bis maatj lieen quan ddeens suwj taif trowj cuar cacs nhaf taif phieeetj ngaan hangf Anh – Myx trong vieecj ungr hooj Adolf Hitler leen nawms quyeenf owr Dduwcs. Cawn cuws theo nhuwngx ghi cheps cuar tacs giar cuoons sachs, nawm 1929, thoong qua kees hoachj Dawes vaf kees hoachj Young, giowis taif phieetj phoos Wall muoons giups Dduwcs hoanf trar cacs khoanr booif thuwowngf chieens tranh. Tuwf nawm 1924 ddeens 1931, phoos Wall ddax cung caaps cho Dduwcs mootj khoanr vay toongr coongj leen ddeens 138 tyr macs Dduwcs. Tuy nhieen, trong thowif gian nayf Dduwcs chir chi ra toongr soos 86 tyr macs cho vieecj booif thuwowngf chieens tranh, soos tieenf conf laij Dduwcs ddax dungf ddeer khooi phucj laij tieemf luwcj quaan suwj cuar minhf nhawmf chuaanr bij cho cuoocj chieens tranh. Nhuwngx khoanr cho Dduwcs vay treen thuwcj tees laf nhowf

vaof vieecj tieeu thuj coong trais, vaf vif thees maf Morgan vaf dongf hoj Warburg ddax nhanh chongs awn neen lamf ra. Trong quas trinhf nayf ddax xuaats hieenj mootj vaans ddeef nan giair: Chinhs phur Phaps theer hieenj suwj kieen quyeets ddeens cungf trong chinhs sachs booif thuwowngf chieens phis cur Dduwcs. Chinhs sachs nayf lamf cho mootj phaanf lowns cacs khoanr vay cuar Myx ddoois vowis Dduwcs vaf Aos bij phong toar, trong khi khoanr chieens phis maf Dduwcs booif thuwowngf cho Phaps laij do cacs ngaan hangf phoos Wall cung caaps. Thangs 6 nawm 1929, nhaanj thaays Phaps ngayf cangf gaay ra nhieeuf ddieeuf truwowngs tai gai mawts neen cacs nhaf ngaan hangf phoos Wall ddax tuj hopj vowis nhau. Tham gia cuoocj hopj cos car Morgan, Rockefeller vaf nhuwngx nhaan vaatj ddaauf naox cuar Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx nhawmf banf thaor cachs thuwcs “giair phongs” nuwowc Dduwcs ra khoir aps luwcj cuar Phaps. Hooij nghij ddax ddi ddeens thoongs nhats laf caanf phair thoong qua mootj giair phaps mang tinhs “cachs mangj” ddeer giups Dduwcs thoats khoir suwj kieemf chees cuar nuwowcs Phaps. Mootj uwngs cuwr vieen cho vij tris lanhx tuj chinhs laf Adolf Hitler. Vaf thees laf vowis taams hooj chieeus ngoaij giao Myx trong tay cungf buwcs thuw cuar toongr thoongs Hoover vaf Rockefeller, Sidney Warburg nhaanj leenhj tieens hanhf tieeps xucs rieeng vowis Adolf Hitler. Cuoocj tieeps xucs giuwax Sidney vaf Hitler khoong heef thuaanj lowij. Lanhx suwj quans Myx ddongs taij Munich baats luwcj neen phair nhowf ddeens suwj giups ddowx cuar thij truwonwgr Munic mowis cos theer danf xeeps cho Sidney gawpj dduwowcj Adolf Hitler. Trong laanf gawpj ddaauf tieen, ddieeuf kieenj maf cacs nhaf ngaan hangf phoos Wall dduwa ra laf “aps dungj chinhs sachs ngoaij giao taans coong, kichs ddoongj lanf songs phanr ddoois Phaps”. Muwcs gias maf Adolf Hitler dduwa ra cungx quas cao, ddoif phair cos 1 tyr macs. Sidney chuyeenr baos caos yeeu caauf nayf cuar Hitler veef New York. Cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf camr thaays buwcj booij vowis con suw tuwr to mieengj Adolf Hitler vaf ddeef suaats gias 10 trieeuj USD. Lucs nayf, do chuwa cos teen tuooir gif treen chinhs truwowngf neen Adolf Hitler ddax gaatj ddaauf ddoongf ys ngay.

Theo yeeu caauf cuar Adolf Hitler, khoanr tieenf nayf dduwowcj chuyeenr vaof Mendelsohn & Co. Bank – mootj ngaan hangf owr Haf Lan, sau ddos chia thanhf nhieeuf chi phieeus ddeer guwir ddeens 10 thanhf phoos cuar Dduwcs. Khi Sidney quay veef New York baos caos vowis cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf, Rockefeller tor ra raats laays lamf uwng ys vowis chur truwowng Quoocs xax cuar Adolf Hitler. Lieenf sau ddos, towf New York Times truwowcs ddaay chawngr themf ddeems xiar gif ddeens Adolf Hitler ddootj nhieen chuyeenr sang giowis thieeuj hocj thuyeets Quoocs xax cungx nhuw thaan thees con nguwowif chuwa cos gif nooir trooij treen chinhs truwowngf nayf. Thangs 12 nawm 1929, Ddaij hocj Harvard cungx bawts ddaauf nghieen cuwus suwj vaanj ddoongj chur nghiax Quoocs xax Dduwcs. Nawm 1931, toongr thoongs Hoover kys thoar thuaanj vowis chinhs phur Phaps vowis ddieeuf khoanr rawngf, baats cuws phuwowng ans giar quyeets coong nowj chieens phis naof cuar chinhs phur Dduwcs cungx ddeeuf phair dduwowcj thoong qua ys kieens cuar Phaps. Vaf cungx chinhs vif thees maf oong ta ddax bij thaats sungr owr phoos Wall. Raats nhieeuf nhaf nghieen cuwus lichj suwr cho rawngf, thaats baij sau nayf cuar toongr thoongs Hoover cos lieen quan truwcj tieeps vowis vieecj nayf. Thangs 10 nawm 1931, Adolf Hitler guwir cho Sidney moot buwcs thuw. Vaayj laf cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf cuar phoos Wall laij trieeuj taapj mootj cuoocj hooij nghij khacs vowis suwj tham gia cuar Norman – Chur tichj Ngaan hangf Anh. Hooij nghij dieenx ra vowis hai luoongf ys kieens: luoongf thuws nhaats laf nhuwngx nguwowif ngar theo huwowngs Adolf Hitler do Rockefeller ddaij dieenj; luoongf thuws hai laf nhuwngx nguwowif conf do duwj. Norman cho rawngf vieecj toons 10 trieeuj USD cho Hitler ddax laf ddur lawms rooif, vaf oong nghi ngowf rawngf Adolf Hitler sex chawngr bao giowf hanhf ddoongj car. Nhuwng quyeets ddinhj cuoois cungf cuar hooij nghij vaanx ungr hooj Adolf Hitler theem mootj buwowcs nuwax. Sidney laij ddeens Dduwcs mootj laanf nuwax. Taij hooij nghij duwowis suwj chur trif cuar nhuwngx nguwowif ungr hooj Hitler, cos nguwowif ddax ddeef xuaats vowis Sidney rawngf ddooij quaan tieen phong cur Dduwcs quoocs xax vaf ddooij quaan baor veej ddangr ddang raats

thieeus sungs mays, tieeur lieen vaf sungs lucj. Lucs nayf, cacs thanhf phoos cuar Bir, Aos, Haf Lan, mootj luwonwgj lowns vux khis ddeeuf ddax dduwowcj taapj keets. Chir caanf chi tieenf thif ngay laapj tuwss Dduwcs quoocs xax cos theer dduwowcj cung caaps hangf. Adolf Hitler nois vowis Sidneyr rawngf oong ta cos hai kees hoachj, hoawcj dungf baoj luwcj ddeer ddoatj chinhs quyeenf hoawcj chaaps chinhs mootj cachs howpj phaps. Adolf Hitler giair thichs cuj theer hown rawngf: “neeus dungf baoj luwcj ddeer ddoatj quyeenf thif caanf 500 trieeuj macs Dduwcs, conf neeus chaaps chinhs mootj cachs howpj phaps thif caanf 200 trieeuj macs ”. Nawm ngayf sau, phoos Wall ddax chir ddaoj Sidney qua ddieenj tins: “Hoanf toanf khoong theer chaaps nhaanj soos tieenf nayf. Hayx giair thichs vowis hawns ta rawngf, vieecj huy ddoongj mootj luwowngj tieenf lowns nhuw vaayj ddeens chaau Aau sex gaay ra tacs ddoongj xaaus cho car thij truwowngf taif chinhs”. Sidney vieets theem mootj baos caos khacs, ba ngayf sau, ddieenj baos cuar phoos Wall trar lowif: “Chuaanr bij chi 10 trieeuj, toois dda 15 trieeuj USD. Ddeef nghij nguwowif nayf dungf chinhs sachs ddoois ngoaij taans coong”. Phuwowng ans chaaps chinhs mootj cachs howpj phaps trij gias 15 trieeuj USD cuoois cungf ddax dduwowcj cacs nhaf ngaan hangf phoos Wall thoong qua. Cachs thuwcs chi trar dduwowng nhieen laf phair dduwowcj thuwcj hieenj moot cachs tinh vi. Cacs nhaf ngaan hangf ddax chuyeenr 5 trieeuj USD qua ngaan hangf Mendelsohn & Co. Bank, Haf Lan, 5 trieeeuj qua ngaan hangf Rotterdam, 5 trieeuj nuwax qua Ngaan hangf Italiana. Ngayf 27 thangs 2 nawm 1933, ngay trong ddeem xayr ra vuj hoar hoanj taij toaf nhaf Quoocs hooij Dduwcs, Sidney vaf Adolf Hitler ddax tieens hanhf hooij ddamf laanf ba. Adolf Hitler ddeef xuaats theem its nhaats 100 trieeuj macs ddeer hoanf thanhf vieecj cuwowps chinhs quyeenf. Phoos Wall chir ddoongf ys chi toois dda laf 7 trieeuj USD nuwax maf thooi Adolf Hitler ddeef nghij chuyeenr 5 trieeuj USD vaof ngaan hangf Italiana, 2 trieeuj conf laij chuyeenr vaof coong ty Renania cuar Deseldorf.

Sau khi hoanf thanhf suws meenhj cuoois cungf, Sidney ddax khoong khoir camr khais rawngf: “Tooi ddax chaaps hanhf nghieem tucs suws meenhj cuar tooi ddeens tinhf tieets cuoois cungf. Adolf Hitler laf nhaf ddoocj taif lowns nhaats chaau Aau. Thees giowis nayf chir conf maays thangs ddeer quan sats oong ta maf thooi. Hanhf vi cuar oong ta sex chuwngs minh suwj toots xaaus cuar banr thaan oong ta. Tooi cho rawngf, oong ta laf moot ker xaaus. Ddoois vowis nguwowif daan Dduwcs, tooi thaatj longf hy vongj nhuwngx gif minhf nois laf sai laamf. Thees giowis nayf vaanx cuws phair khuaats phucj Adolf Hitler. Ooi thees giowis nayf thaatj ddangs thuwowng, loaif nguwowif thaatj ddangs thuwowng”.

6. Dduwcs quoocs xa duwowis suwj ungr hooj taif chinhs cuar phoos Wall

Ngayf 30 thangs 1 nawm 1933, Adolf Hitler trowr thanhf thur tuwowngs Dduwcs. Nuwowcs Dduwcs ddax hoanf toanf thoats khoir nanj namj phats tieenf teej sieeu caaps nawn 1923 vaf bawts ddaauf coong cuoocj khooi phucj neenf kinh tees vowis toocs ddooj nhanh chongs. Tuy ddang phair ganhs chiuj cacs khoanr chieens phis khoongr loof nhuwng Dduwcs ddax trang bij cho minhf mootj ddooij quaan hungf manhj nhaats chaau Aau vowis toocs ddooj kinh hoonf. Ngayf 1 thangs 9 nawm 1939, Dduwcs ddax phats ddoongj cuoocj chieens tranh thees giowis laanf thuws hai, nghiax laf hoj chir maats saus nawm ddeer chuaanr ij cho cuoocj chieens nayf!Trong khi ddos, cuwowngf quoocs soos 1 thees giowis laf Myx vaanx ddang ngupj lawnj trong cuoocj ddaij khungr hoangr nawm 1929. Maix ddeens nawm 1941, khi Myx truwcj tieeps tham chieens, tinhf hinhf kinh tees nuwowcs nayf mowis dduwowcj khooi phucj mootj cachs cow banr. Neeus khoong cos nguoonf taif chinhs khoongr loof hoox trowj tuwf been ngoaif thif vieecj Dduwcs khooi phucj laij hoanf toanf neenf kinh tees chuaanr bij chieens tranh quy moo lowns chir trong thowif gian ngawns nguir 6 nawm quar laf ddieeuf khoong tuwowngr. Nhuw vaayj, thoong qua vieecj hoox trowj taif chinhs cho Hitler, giowis taif phieetj phoos Wall muoons phats ddoongj mootj cuoocj chieens tranh vowis quy moo lown. Quar laf khos cos cachs naof giair thichs howpj lys hown.

Ngay tuwf raats sowm, khi lamj phats tieenf teej sieeu caaps cuar Dduwcs vuwaf mowis binhf lawngj trowr laij vaof nawm 1924, cacs nhaf taif phieetj phoos Wall ddax bawts ddaauf leen kees hoachj giups Dduwcs chinhr quaan chuaanr bij chieens tranh. Kees hoachj Dawes nawm 1924 vaf kees hoachj Young nawm 1929 ddeeuf dduwowcj hoachj ddinhj cho mucj ddichs nayf. Cos theer nois, kees hoachj Dawes phuf howpj hoanf toanf vowis kees hoachj cuar cacs nhaf kinh tees – quaan suwj thuoocj Booj Tham muwu Dduwcs (22) (Lowif khai truwowcs Thuwowngj nghij vieenj Hoa Kyf, Uyr ban cacs vuj vieecj quaan ddooij , 1946).Owen Young – Toongr giams ddoocs coong ty General Electric, thuoocj taapj ddoanf Morgan, laf nhaf taif trowj chinhs cuar Coong ty Ddaauf tuw Lieen howpj chaau Aau do Roosevelt sangs laapj. Cungx chinhs Owen Young ddax sangs laapj neen Ngaan hangf thanhs toans quoocs tees (Bank of International Settlenment) ddeer ddieeuf phoois moois quan heej howpj tacs giuwax cacs ngaan hangf quoocs tees. Ddungs nhuw Caroll Quigley – nhaf suwr hocj nooir tieengs ddoongf thowif laf aan suw cuar Clinton owr Ddaij hojc George – ddax chir ra rawngf: “Ngaan hangf thanh toans quoocs tees ddang taoj ra mootj heej thoongs taif chinhs ddeer khoongs chees thees giowis, mootj toor chuws bij mootj nhoms nguwowif khoongs chees, cos theer chi phoois car chinhs trij vaf kinh tees thees giowis (23) (Carrol Quigley, Bi kichj cuar hy vongj (Tragedy & Hope) - Macmillan, 1966, tr. 308).Tuwf nawm 1924 ddeens nawm 1931, thoong qua hai kees hoachj nayf phoos Wall ddax cung caaps cho Dduwcs khoanr vay toongr coongj 138 tyr macs Dduwcs, trong khi toongr soos tieenf booif thuwowngf chieens tranh cuar Dduwcs trong thowif kyf nayf chir laf 86 tyr macs. Treen thuwcj tees Dduwcs ddax cos dduwowcj mootj khoanr hoox trowj taif chinhs khoongr loof trij gias 52 tyr macs tuwf Myx, nhowf ddos maf neenf coong nghieepj quaan suwj cuar Dduwcs ddax phats trieenr vowis toocs ddooj chuwa tuwngf thaays. Ngay tuwf nawm 1919, thur tuwowngs Anh Loyd George ddax duwj baos rawngf, nhuwngx khoanr booif thuwowngf khoongr loof maf Dduwcs khos cos theer chiuj dduwngj dduwowcj theo hieepj uwowcs hoaf binhf Versaille sex khieens nguwowif Dduwcs hoawcj laf quytj nowj hoawcj laf phair phats ddoongj chieens

tranh. Vaf thaatj ddangs tieecs, Dduwcs ddax chonj car hai cachs thuwcs nayf. Chuwngs kieens vieecj cacs nhaf mays quaan suwj hieenj ddaij cuar Dduwcs ddang mocj leen nhuw naams sau muwa, trong khi cacs phaan xuwowngr sanr xuaats cuar Myx laij ddang oawnf luwng vif thuwowng tichs trong cown ddaij suy thoais, nghij six Myx McFadden ddax cay ddawngs chir trichs cacs ngaan hangf phoos Wall vaf Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx – nhuwngx ker chur muwu trong vieecj ddem tieenf noopj thuees cuar nguwowif daan Myx ddi taif trowj cho coox mays chieens tranh cuar Dduwcs: “Thuwa ngaif chur tichj, neeus bans vux khis cho quaan ddooij Nhaatj suwr dungj owr vungf Manx Chaau (ddoong bawcs Trung Quoocs) hoawcj nhuwngx nowi khacs, coong ty Nobel cuar Dduwcs cos theer dungf USD ddeer keets toans cacs chi phis bans hangf, sau ddos coong khai giair ngaan taij thij truwowngf New York. Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx sex giups hoj giair ngaan ddoongf thowif dungf chungs lamf thees chaaps ddeer phats hanhf tieenf giaays USD mowis. Treen thuwcj tees, Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx ddang giups cacs coong ty nayf cuar Dduwcs ddaayr dduwowcj hangf toonf kho vaof heej thoongs ngaan hangf cuar Myx. Vieecj ddax rox rangf nhuw vaayj, taij sao chungs ta conf phair cuwr ddaij dieenj ddeens Geneve ddeer tham gia hooij nghij giair truwf quaan bij? Khoong phair laf uyr ban Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx vaf ngaan hangf Cucj Duwj truwx Lieeng bang Myx ddang khieens cho chinhs phur nuwowcs ta hoanf trar cho phias Nhaatj Banr nhuwngx khoanr nowj tuwf coong ty vux khis Dduwcs hay sao?” (24) (Taif lieeuj luwu truwx cuar Quoocs hooij , 1932, tr. 1259-96).Ngoaif vieecj cung caaps nhuwngx khoanr taif chinhs ngawns hanj laix suaats thaaps ddoois vowis neenf coong nghieepj quaan suwj cuar Dduwcs vaf Nhaatj treen thij truwowngf hoois phieeus thuwowng maij New York, Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx conf ddem nguoonf vangf duwj truwx cuar Myx truwcj tieeps vaanj chuyeenr sang Dduwcs. Mootj luwowngj tieenf khoongr loof thuoocj veef nguwowif guwir trong ngaan hangf Myx dduwowcj chuyeenr ddeens Dduwcs maf chawngr cos baats cuws mootj thees chaaps naof. Uyr ban Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx vaf Ngaan hangf Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx chir duwaj vaof

mooix hoois phieeus thuwowng maij cuar nguwowif Dduwcs ddeer phats hanhf tieenf teej cuar Myx. Nguoonf tieenf trij gias maays chucj tyr USD dduwowcj bowm vaof neenf kinh tees Dduwcs, vaf quas trinhf nayf ddeens ngayf nay vaanx conf dduwowcj tieeps tucj. Hoois phieeus thuwowng maij gias rer cuar Dduwcs dduwowcj ddinhj gias vaf keos daif thowif hanj owr New York, vaf thuws bij ddem ra ddeer thees chaaps laf uy tins cuar chinhs phur Myx, conf thuws dduwowcj ddem ra ddeer chi trar chinhs laf nguwowif daan Myx. Ngayf 27 thangs 4 nawm 1932, Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx ddax chuyeenr mootj khoois luwowngj vangf voons thuoocj veef nhaan daan Myx trij gias ddeens 750 nghinf USD sang Dduwcs. Sau mootj tuaanf, mootj khoois luwowngj vangf khacs trij gias 300 nghinf USD cungx dduwowcj vaanj chuyeenr sang Dduwcs theo cachs tuwowng tuwj. Chir trong vongf 5 thangs, toongr luwowngj vangf maf uyr ban Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx vaf Ngaan hangf Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx vaanj chuyeenr sang Dduwcs ddax ddatj muwcs 12 trieeuj USD. Haauf nhuw mooix tuaanf ddeeuf cos mootj chuyeens tauf chowr vangf tuwf Myx nhaapj cangr nuwowcs Dduwcs. Thuwa ngaif chur tichj, tooi tin rawngf nguwowif guwir tieets kieemj cuar ngaan hangf Myx cos quyeenf dduwowcj bieets Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx ddax dungf tieenf cuar hoj vaof vieecj gif (25) (Taif lieeuj luwu truwx cuar Quoocs hooij, 1932, tr. 1259-96).Ngoaif nguoonf giups ddowx taif chinhs khoongr loof cuar phoos Wall, cuoocj cair cachs chees ddooj taif chinhs cuar Adolf Hitler cungx ddax cos tacs ddoongj tuwowng ddoois lowns. Mootj trong nhuwngx ddieemr quan trongj nhaats chinhs laf vieecj thu hooif quyeenf phats hanhf tieenf teej tuwf tay ngaan hangf Trung uwowng tuw nhaan Dduwcs. Sau khi thoats khoir chuwowng trinhf hieeuj suaats thaaps chi phis cao do phair laays coong trais lamf thees chaaps ddeer cos theer phats hanhf tieenf teej, neenf kinh tees cuar Dduwcs ddax tawng truwowngr vowis toocs ddooj teen luwar, tyr leej thaats nghieepj cuar Dduwcs nawm 1933 laf 30%, nhuwng ddeens nawm 1938 nuwowcs nayf laij thieeus lao ddoongj traamf trongj. Suwj giups ddowx lowns treen cacs mawtj kyx thuaatj vaf taif chinhs cuar cacs coong ty Myx ddoois vowis Dduwcs ddax khoong conf laf bis maatj, vaf nos dduwowcj cacs nhaf suwr hocj sau nayf giar thichs laf nhuwngx

suwj vieecj “ngoaif ys muoons” hoawcj “hanhf vi vowis taamf nhinf hanj hepj”. Chinhs nhuwngx vieecj mang tinhs “taamf nhinf hanj hepj ngoaif ys muoons” nayf ddax giups cho nawng luwcj sanr xuaats cuar neenf coong nghieepj quaan suwj Dduwcs phats trieenr leen mootj taamf cao mowis. Nawm 1934, nawng luwcj sanr xuaats daauf mor cuar Dducs laf 300 nghinf taans daauf thoo vaf 80 taans xawng toongr howpj (than ddas quy ddooir bawngf daauf), phaanf lowij nhuaanj hoanf toanf duwaj vaof nhaapj khaaur. Ngay sau khi coong ty daauf khis tieeu chuaanr Myx chuyeenr quyeenf khis hoas daauf cho Dduwcs, ddeens nawm 1944, nuwowcs Dduwcs ddax sanr xuaats dduwowcj 5,5 trieeeuj taans xawng toongr howpj vaf 1 trieeuj taans daauf thoo. Cho duf Booj kees hoachj quaan suwj Dduwcs yeeu caaus cacs xis nghieepj coong nghieepj lawps ddawtj cacs thieets bij sanr xuaats hieenj ddaij hoas ddeer tieens hanhf sanr xuaats quy moo lowns, nhuwng cacs chuyeen gia kinh tees quaan suwj vaf cacs xis nghieepj coong nghieepj cuar Dduwcs hoanf toanf khoong theer hieeur dduwowcj ys nghiax cuar vieecj nayf. Maix ddeens khi hai nhaf mays sanr xuaats xe howi chur yeeus cuar Myx xaay duwngj nhaf mays owr Dduwcs ddeer tieens vaof thij truwowngf chaau Aau thif moij nguwowif mowis hieeur ra cawn nguyeen cuar vaans ddeef. Cacs chuyeen gia cuar Dduwcs dduwowcj cuwr sang Detroit ddeer hocj taapj kyx thuaatj chuyeen moon cuar moo hinhf sanr xuaats kieeur maaux. Cacs kyx suw Dduwcs khoong chir dduwowcj tham quan cacs nhaf mays chees taoj mays bay, maf conf dduwowcj pheps quan sats cacs thieets bij quaan suwj quan trongj khacss, tuwf ddos hoj ddax hocj dduwowcj raats nhieeuf kyx thuaatj, vaf cuoois cungf dungf chinhs nhuwngx kyx thuaatj nayf ddeer ddoois phos vowis Myx (26) (Antony C. Sullon, phố Wall và F.D. Roosevelt (Wall Street and F.D. Roosevelt) -Arlington House Publishers 1975- Chương 1).Trong soos cacs coong ty giuwx moois quan heej howpj tacs maatj thieets vowis heej thoongs sanr xuaats coong nghieepj quaan suwj Dduwcs cos General Motor, hangx xe howi Ford, hangx General Electric, Dupont Corporation. Taats car cacs coong ty nayf ddeeuf thuoocj suwj chi phoois cuar Ngaan hangf Morgan, Ngaan hangf Rockefeller hoawcj ngaan hangf Mahattan cuar Warburg.

7. Chieens tranh ddawts ddor vaf tieenf teej gias rerChurchill tuwngf cos caau danh ngoon nhuw thees nayf: “Vieecj phats ddoongj chieens tranh conf khos khawn hown raats nhieeuf so vowis keet thucs chieens tranh”. Thoatj nghe thif caau nois nayf cos ver baats howpj lys, nhuwng neeus suy nghix thaaus ddaos, chungs ta mowis thaays heets dduwowcj chaan lys cuar nos. Ddeer keets thucs mootj cuoocj chieens, thuwowngf chir caanf ddaij bieeur cuar chinhs phur hai been giao chieens ngooif laij thuwowng thaor vowis nhau veef ddieeuf kieenj keets thucs cuoocj xung ddootj. Chuyeenj thua thieetj hay gianhf phaanf hown cho tuwngf been sex dduwowcj banf thaor kyx luwowngx vaf chawngr cos giao dichj naof maf laij ddamf phans khoong thanhf. Nhuwng, vieecj phats ddoongj chieens tranh thif quar laf khos hown nhieeuf, vaf vieecj thu huts suwj thuwaf nhaanj cuar car xax hooij trong mootj xax hooij daan chur laf mootj vieecj hao taam toonr tris. Ddieeuf nayf ddax khieens cho cacs nhaf ngaan hangf quoocs tees ddieen ddaauf. Ddungs nhuw Merton ddax nois, “trong mawts cuar cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf quoocs tees, khoong cos chieens tranh vaf hoaf binhf, khoong cos khaaur hieeuj vaf tuyeen ngoon, cungx khoong cos hy sinh hoawcj danh duwj. Hoj xem thuwowngf taats car cacs thuws ddang lamf mee hoawcj ddooi mawts cuar nguwowif ddowif nayf”. Napoleon – nguwowif ddax nhinf thaaus banr chaats cuar cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf quoocs tees – cungx ddax tuwngf nhaanj xets mootj cachs sawcs bens rawngf: “Tieenf khoong cos toor quoocs. Cacs nhaf taif chinhs khoong bieets thees naof laf longf ais quoocs vaf suwj cao thuwowngj. Mucj ddichs duy nhaats cuar hoj chinhs laf thu lowij”. Sau khi ddax trair qua cuoocj chieens tranh thees giowis laanf thuws nhaats vaf cuoocj ddaij khungr hoangr nawm 1929, mawcj duf thawngr tay nhuwng nguwowif daan Myx khoong heef deex dangf bij mawcs luwaf laanf nuwax. Chawngr ai muoons con cais minhf trowr thanhf bia ddowx ddanj cho cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf owr chieens truwowngf chaau Aau. Khawps car nuwowcs daays leen lanf songs “coo laapj chur nghiax” khieens cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf buwcj booij.

Nawm 1935, uyr ban dawcj bieetj do nghij six Gerald Nye lanhx ddaoj ddax coong boos mootj banr baos caos dayf hown 1.400 trang. Trong banr baos caos nayf, cacs chi tieets bis maatj lieen quan ddeens vieecj gham chieens cuar Myx ddax dduwowcj tieets looj. Banr baos caos cungx lieetj kee aam muwu vaf cacs hanhf vi phi phaps cuar cacs nhaf ngaan hangf cungx nhuw cacs coong ty vux khis cuar Myx trong quas trinhf tham chieens. Suwj ddoor beer cuar hangf loatj vuj bee boois trong ddowtj sutj gias coor phieeus nawm 1929 owr phoos Wall dduwowcj phowi bayf qua cuoocj ddieeuf traanf ddoosi vowis Morgan khoong laau truwowcs ddos ddax khieens cho lanf songs phanr chieens owr Myx daang cao manhx lieetj. Lucs nayf, cuoons sachs “Dduwowngf ddeens chieens tranh” cuar Miris cangf kichs thichs suwj tranh luaanj kichj lieetj cuar daan chungs ddoois vowis vaans ddeef tham chieens. Trong tinhf hinhf nhuw vaayj, tuwf nawm 1935 ddeens nawm 1937, Myx ddax thoong qua ba duwj luaatj trung laapj, nghieem caams nuwowcs Myx tham gia vaof guoongf mays chieens tranh. Veef phuwowng dieenj kinh tees trong nuwowcs, booj mays chinhs phur cuar Roosevelt ddax vaanj hanhf dduwowcj hown 5 nawm, neenf kinh tees Myx vaanx chuwa thaays khowir sawcs, tyr leej thaats nghieepj vaanx cao ddeens 17%. Ddeens nawm 1938, nuwowcs Myx laij mootj laanf nuwax rowi vaof cuoocj suy thoais nghieem trongj. Cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf vaf Roosevelt ddeeuf cho rawngf, chir cos chinhs sachs thaam hutj taif chinhs sieeu caaps do Keynes ddax ddeef xuwowngs vowis vieecj thar suwcs phats hanhf tieenf teej gias rer mowis cos theer cuwus vanx dduwowcj tinhf hinhf kinh tees lucs nayf. Vaf mootj cuoocj chieens tranh treen quy moo lowns mowis laf tacs nhaan giups cacs nhaf ngaan hangf cos theer ddatj dduwowcj ddieeuf hoj muoons. Sau khi chees ddooj banr vij vangf bij phas bor nawm 1933, moij trowr ngaij treen con dduwowngf daanx ddeens chieens tranh dduwowcj thaos bor, moij thuws ddax dduwowcj chuaanr bij chu ddaos, chir conf thieeus cais cows ddeer thooir bungf cuoocj chieens tranh maf thooi. Charles C. Tansill – nhaf suwr hocj cuar Ddaij hocj George – ddax cho rawngf, ddoois vowis Nhaatj Banr, cuoocj chieens tranh ddax dduwowcj hoachj ddinhj xong truwowcs khi Roosevelt thuwowngj ddaif vaof nawm

1933. Nawm 1932, hair quaan Myx ddax xacs nhaanj vieecj cos theer gaay thieetj haij nghieem trongj trong hamj ddooij Thais Binhf Duwowng neeus phats ddoongj taapj kichs baats ngowf trong vongf 96 km tuwf Traan Chaau Cangr. Booj phaanj tinhf baos Myx ddax phas dduwowcj maatj max cuar phias Nhaatj Banr vaof thangs 8 nawm 1940, ddoongf thowif cos theer giair max dduwowcj nhuwngx buwcs ddieenj baos cuar Nhaatj Banr truwowcs ddos. Mays phas maatj max do Myx chees taoj dduwowcj chuyeenr giao ddeens cacs nowi treen thees giowis, duy nhaats ddax bor sots Traan Chaau Cangr, cow sowr hair quaan lowns nhaats cuar Myx taij khu vuwcj Thais Binhf Duwowng. Raats nhieeuf nhaf suwr hocj ddeeuf tin rawngf, truwowcs khi suwj vieecj xayr ra thif Roosevelt ddax bieets dduwowcj hair quaan Nhaatj Banr sawps taans coong Traan Chaau Cangr. Ngayf 13 thangs 1 nawm 1943, taij Casablanca, Roosevelt vaf Churchill ddax phats bieeur rawngf, Dduwcs caanf phair ddaauf hangf voo ddieeuf kieenj. Tuyeen boos nayf ddax khieens cho nooij booj nuwowcs Dduwcs phanr ddoois Adolf Hitler, cacs thees luwcj chur truwowng giangr hoaf vowis cacs nuwowcs ddoongf minh dduwowcj mootj phen hus vias. Ngay tuwf ddaauf thangs 8 nawm 1942, Dduwcs ddax ddeef suaats ddieeuf kieenj giangr hoaf vowis cacs nuwowcs ddoongf minh vaf ruts lui truwowcs ngayf 1 thangs 9 nawm 1939 ddeer keets thucs cuoocj chieens tranh ddaij baij nayf (27) (Walter Schellenberg, Hooif kys Schellenberg (The Schellenberg Memoirs) - Andre Deutsch, London, 1956). Nooij booj nuwowcs Dduwcs chur truwowng laatj ddoor Adolf Hitler, trong khi luwcj luwowngj cuar chinhs quyeenf phats xits ddax bawts tay xaay duwngj kees hoachj chinhs bieens quaan suwj. Banr tuyeen boos cuar Roosevelt ddax chaam chocj suwj anhr huwowngr cuar luwcj luwowngj phanr chieens trong nooij booj nuwowcs Dduwcs. Kissinger ddax giair thichs ddoongj cow cuar banr tuyeen boos Casablanca cuar Roosevelt nhuw thees nayf: Roosevelt ddax duwaj vaof bao nhieeu lys do ddeer vieets ra banr tuyeen boos nayf (nuwowcs Dduwcs caanf phair ddaauf hangf voo ddieeuf kieenj). Oong ta cho rawngf vieecj thaor luaanj ddieeuf kieenj hoaf binhf ddoois vowis Dduwcs cos theer daanx ddeens baats kyf ys kieens giuwax cacs nuwowcs ddoongf minh vaf hy vongj cacs nuwowcs ddoongf minh

truwowcs heets hayx taapj trung suwcs luwcj ddeer gianhf thawngs lowij trong chieens tranh rooif mowis banf cacs vaans ddeef kees tieeps. Oong ta cungx vooij vangf quar quyeets rawngf, Stalin ddax rowi vaof bees tawcs trong chieens dichj Volgagrad ddoongf thowif nhaans manhj rawngf, Myx tuyeetj ddoois khoong dduwowcj hoaf hoanx mootj cachs ddown ddoocj ddoois vowis Dduwcs. Nhuwng nguyeen nhaan cow banr nhaats laf Roosevelt coos gawngs tranhs ddeer nhuwngx nguwowif Dduwcs sau nayf tuyeen boos rawngf nawm ddos nuwowcs Dduwcs bij nhuwngx lowif bipj bowmj gaj gaamx neen mowis ddinhf chieens (28) (Henry Kissinger, Thuaatj ngoaij giao (Diplomacy) - Simon & Schuster, 1995, Chuwowng 16). Dduwowng nhieen laf Kissinger cos lys, nhuwng suwj thuwcj cuoocj chieens tranh tanf khoocs vaf cais gias phair trar quas cao ddax bij keos daif ddeens hown 2 nawm, voo soos sinh mangj vaf taif sanr ddax tan theo khois luwar chieens tranh. Hown 6 trieeuj nguwowif Do Thais cheets trong tay phats xits. Neeus chieens tranh keets thucs vaof nawm 1943 thif mootj phaanf lowns trong soos hoj cos lex ddax cos cow may conf soongs sots. Suy cho cungf, treen binhf dieenj hieepj thuwowng ddaauf hangf cos ddieeuf kieenj cuar Dduwcs, cacs nuwowcs ddoongf minh cos theer cos quyeenf trong vieecj phats ngoon. Tuy nhieen, cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf quoocs tees khoong theer deex dangf keets thucs cow hooij toots ddepj nhuw vaayj ddeer phats taif. Ngay khi ngonj luwar chieens tranh tawts ngumr vaof thangs 8 nawm 1945, gias trij coong trais Myx tuwf 16 tyr USD trong nawm 1930 ddax tawng votj leen 269 tyr USD nawm 1946. Chur truwowng thaam hutj taif chinhs vaf tieenf teej gias rer cuar Keynes cuoois cungf ddax dduwowcj “nghieemj chuwngs” trong khois luwar cuar cuoocj chieens tranh thees giowis laanf thuws hai. Cacs nhf taif phieetj ngaan hangf quoocs tees laij phats taif theem mootj laanf nuwax trong cuoocj chieens tanf khoocs nayf.

Phaanf VICAAU LACJ BOOJ TINH ANH THOONGS TRIJ THEES GIOWIS

Thees luwcj tuw banr taif chinhs ddax leen mootj kees hoachj cuwcj kyf laau daif nhawmf mucj ddichs xaay duwngj mootj heej thoongs taif chinhs ddeer khoongs chees dduwowcj car thees giowis, chir vowis mootj its nguwowif nhuwng cos theer lamf bas chur thees giowis car veef chinhs trij laanx kinh tees. Heej thoongs nayf thuwcj ra laf mootj moo hinhf theo kieeur chuyeen chees phong kieens dduwowcj cacs oong chur ngaan hangf ddaauf naox thaau toms heets suwcs howpj lys thoong qua nhieeuf thoar thuaanj bis maatj dduwowcj kys keets trong nhuwngx cuoocj hopj dayf ddawcj. Coots loix cuar heej thoongs nayf chinhs laf ngaan hangf thanh toans quoocs tees Basel (Thuyj Six) – mootj ngaan hangf thuoocj quyeenf quanr lys cuar tuw nhaan bowir banr thaan nhuwngx ngaan hangf ddaauf naox ddang kieemr soats nos cungx chinhs laf nhuwngx coong ty tuw nhaan. Vif thees neen mooix oong chur ngaan hangf ddaauf naox ddos deeuf ra suwcs thoong qua cacs phuwowng thuwcs nhuw kieemr soats cho vay taif chinhs, thao tungs giao dichj ngoaij hoois, taoj anhr huwowngr ddeens ddowif soongs kinh tees quoocs gia, cungx nhuw trar thuf lao cho nhuwngx chinhs trij gia howpj tacs trong cacs hoatj ddoongj thuwowng maij ddeer khoongs chees chinhs phur cuar cacs nuwowcs (1) (Caroll Quigley, Bi kichj vowis hy vongj (Tragedy & Hope) - Macmillan, 1966, tr. 306). Nhaf suwr hocj Carroll Quiley – nawm 1966. Trong cuoocj soongs hieenj nay, cacs thuaatj nguwx nhuw “chinhs phur thees giowis”, “tieenf teej thees giowis” ddang ngayf cangf xuaats hieenj nhieeuf hown. Neeus khoong cos nhuwngx boois canhr lichj suwr trong tuwowng quan thif raats cos theer banj sex coi ddieeuf nayf chir laf mootj suwj cops nhawtj nhuwngx tin tuwcs mowis thoong thuwowngf, trong khi thuwcj tees ddos laij laf mootj kees hoachj khoongr loof ddang bawts ddaauf chuyeenr ddoongj. Vaf ddieeuf khieens nguwowif ta camr thaays lo ngaij chinhs laf ddaij dda soos nguwowif Trung Quoocs vaanx chuwa hieeur dduwowcj kees hoachj nayf.

Thangs 7 nawm 1944, trong khi car hai chaau lucj As – Aau conf ddang chimf trong khois luwar chieens tranh, nghiax laf chir hown mootj thangs sau khi mowr manf cuoocj ddaij chieens thees giowis laanf thuws hai thif taij Anh, Myx, mootj soos nuwowcs Taay Aau ddax cuwr ddaij dieenj cuar minhf cungf vowis ddaij dieenj cuar 44 quoocs gia khacs treen thees giowis ddeens Bretton Woods – mootj danh thawngs nghir mats nooir tieengs cuar bang New Hampshire – ddeer ddamf phans veef kees hoachj laapj laij traatj tuwj kinh tees thees giowis mowis sau chieens tranh. Conf cacs oong chur ngaan hangf quoocs tees cungx bawts ddaauf thuwcj thi kees hoachj maf hoj ddax vachj ra tuwf truwowcs: kieemr soats vieecj phats hanhf tieenf teej treen toanf thees giowis. Cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf quoocs tees owr Anh (Royal Institute of International Affairs) hay Hooij ddoongf quan heej quoocs tees taij Myx (Council on Foreign Relations). Sau ddos, tuwf hai toor chuwcs nongf coots nayf, hoj laij phats trieenr theem ra hai phaan nhanhs mowis – Caau lacj booj Bilderberg nawms giuwx chinhs sachs ddinhj huwowngs quan trongj veef linhx vuwcj kinh tees, conf uyr ban ba been (Trilateral Committee) chiuj trachs nhieemj veef cacs vaans ddeef chinhs trij. Mucj ddichs cuoois cungf cuar nhuwngx toor chuwcs nayf chinhs laf thanhf laapj neen mootj chinhs phur thees giowis do mootj soos raats its cacs phaanf tuwr tinh anh thoongs trij cungx nhuw thieets laapj mootj heej thoongs phats hanhf tieenf teej thees giowis thoongs nhaats cuoois cungf, sau ddos tieens hanhf thu “thuees thees giowis” ddoois vowis coong daan toanf caauf, ddaay chinhs laf cais dduwowcj goij laf “Traatj tuwj thees giowis mowis” (New World Order)!Vowis mootj heej thoongs nhuw vaayj, quyeenf quyeets ddinhj nooij booj kinh tees vaf chinhs sachs tieenf teej cuar cacs quoocs gia cos chur quyeenf lex dix nhieen ddeeuf bij tuwowcs ddoatj, vaf ddieeuf hieenr nhieen ddos laf suwj tuwj do veef kinh tees laanx chinhs trij cungf nguwowif daan cuar cacs nuwowcs aays sex bij thao tungs. Lucs ddos, nowj naanf chuws khoong phair laf vux khis mowis chinhs laf lowps vor xieengf xichs ddang trumf leen tuwngf nguwowif daan hieenj ddaij. Vaf ddeer khieens cho mooix “noo leej” hieenj ddaij nayf taoj ra dduwowcj hieeuj quar lowns nhaats thif vieecj tuwj do quanr lys kinh doanh caanf phair chuyeenr sang giai ddoanj “uwngs dungj” khoa hocj hieeuj suaats

cao, xax hooij khoong nguwngf suwr dungj tieenf mawtj maf laf dungf tieenf ddieenj tuwr, aps dungj cacs kyx thuaatj nhaanj dangj nhuw RFIDI thoongs nhaats chung treen toanf thees giowis, conf chuwngs minh nhaan daan sex dduwowcj caays vaof cow theer nguwowif. Taats car nhuwngx ddieeuf nayf chir ddeer nhawmf mucj ddichs cuoois cungf laf bieens con nguwowif hieenj ddaij thanhf “noo leej”. Nhowf kyx thuaatj nhaanj bieets dduwowcj bawngf taanf soos maf cacs oong chur ngaan hangf quoocs tees cuoois cungf cungx ddax cos theer kieemr soats vaf quanr lys dduwowcj tuwngf nguwowif duf ddang owr baats kys ddaau treen trais ddaats nayf vaof baats cuws lucs naof. Ngay sau khi tieenf mawtj khoong conf suwr dungj trong xax hooij nuwax, chir caanf luwowts nhej ngons tay treen banf phism mays vi tinhs laf mooix nguwowif ddeeuf cos theer bij tuwowcs ddoatj maats quyeenf muwu caauf cuar cair cho rieeng minhf baats cuws lucs naof. Vaf ddaay chinhs laf canhr tuwowngj voo cungf kinh haix ddoois vowis taats car nhuwngx nguwowif yeeu quys quyeenf tuwj do. Nhuwng ddoois vowis cacs oong chur ngaan hangf quoocs tees maf nois thif ddaay mowis chinhs laf canhr giowis cao nhaats caur “traatj tuwj thees giowis mowis”. Cacs baacj tinh anh ddeeuf cho rawngf kees hoachj cuar hoj khoong phair laf “aam muwu”, maf laf “duwowng muwu” (aam muwu mowr), bowir nos khacs vowis ys nghiax truyeenf thoongs cuar aam muwu owr choox hoj khoong cos cow caaus lanhx ddaoj rox rangf maf chir laf “suwj gawpj gowx hoanf toanf xax giao cuar nhuwngx nguwowif cungf chis huwowngs howpj nhau”. Tuy vaayj, ddieeuf khieens cho nhuwngx nguwowif binhf thuwowngf camr thaays baats an ddos chinhs laf haauf nhuw nhuwngx nhaan six lowns cos chis huwowngs howpj nhau nayf ddeeuf muoons nhuwngx con nguwowif binhf thuwowngf hy sinh lowij ichs cuar minhf ddeer boor xung “cho lys tuwowngr” cuar hoj. Nguwowif sangs laapj Hooij ddoongf Quan heej Quoocs tees taij Myx sau khi keets thucs cuoocj ddaij chieens thees giowis laanf thuws nhaats chinhs laf ddaij tas House, mootj trong nhuwngx nhaf ddinhj huwowngs chieens luwowcj chur choots cuar kees hoachj nayf owr nuwowcs Myx.

1. Ddaij tas House – “Cha ddowx ddaauf tinh thaanf” vaf “hooij ddoongf cacs moois quan heej quoocs tees”

Owr Washington, khoong ai cos theer thaays dduwowcj nguwowif thoongs trij thuwcj suwj, hoj ddieeuf khieenr quyeenf luwcj tuwf phias sau taams binhf phong (2). (Ted Flynn, Hy vongj cuar ker xaaus xa (Hope of the Wicked), - MaxKol Communication, Inc, 2.000,, Hy vongj cuar ker xaaus xa (Hope of the Wicked), - MaxKol Communication, Inc, 2.000, tr. 88). Edward House, Thaamr phans Toas ans toois cao Myx. Ddaij tas House – teen goij ddaayf ddur laf Edward House, thaamr phans Toaf ans toois cao owr Myx – dduwowcj Thoongs ddoocs bang Texas phongf hamf ddaij tas nhawmf bieeur duwowng cho nhuwngx ddongs gops cuar oong cuoocj baauf cuwr cuar bang nayf. House dduwowcj sinh ra trong mootj gia ddinhf giauf cos chuyeen ngheef ngaan hangf owr bang Texas. Trong thowif kyf nooij chieens owr Myx, Thomas, cha oong, laf nguwowif ddaij dieenj cho dongf hoj Rothschild taij chaau Aau. Thowif trer, House hocj taapj taij Anh, vaf cungx gioongs nhuw raats nhieeuf oong chur ngaan hangf cuar nuwowcs Myx thowif kyf ddaauf thees kyr 20, House coi nuwowcs Anh nhuw toor quoocs minhf, ddoongf thowif sowms thieets laapj vaf duy trif moois quan heej maatj thieets vowis giowis ngaan hangf owr Anh. Nawm 1912, House ddax xuaats banr mootj cuoons tieeur thuyeets mang teen “Philip Dru: Administrator” – mootj cuoons sachs veef sau ddax dduwowcj cacs nhaf suwr hocj ddons nhaanj vaf raats uwa thichs. Trong cuoons tieeur thuyeets nayf, oong ddax duwngj leen mootj hinhf maaux veef mootj ker ddoocj taif nhaan tuwf ddax nawms giuwx quyeenf luwcj cuar car hai ddangr owr Myx, thanhf laapj dduwowcj ngaan hangf trung uwowng, thuwcj thi dduwowcj chinhs sachs thuees thu nhaapj luyx tieens lieen bang, baix bor dduwowcj thuees quan baor hooj, xaay duwngj neen heej thoongs an sinh xax hooij, toor chuwcs dduwowcj mootj lieen minh quoocs tees (League of Nations). Mootj thees giowis tuwowng laij dduwowcj oong “duwj ddoans” trong cuoons sachs nayf laij tuwowng ddoongf mootj cachs ddangs kinh ngacj ddoois vowis taats car nhuwngx gif ddax xayr ra owr nuwowcs Myx sau nayf, “khar nawng duwj baos” cuar oong quar thuwcj ddax vuwowtj qua car Keynes.

Thuwcj ra, nhuwngx tacs phaamr maf ddaij tas House vaf Keynes ddax vieets ra gioongs nhuw nhuwngx banr kees hoachj thuwcj thi chinhs sachs tuwowng laij hown laf nhuwngx aans phaamr duwj baos tuwowng lai. Ngay sau khi xuaats banr, cuoons sachs cuar ddaij tas House ddax thu huts dduwowcj suwj chus ys cuar taangf lowps xax hooij thuwowngj luwu Myx, conf ddieeuf duwj baos trong sachs veef tuwowng laij cuar Myx laij heets suwcs trungf khowps vowis suwj kyf vongj cuar nhuwngx oong chur ngaan hangf quoocs tees. Ddieeuf nayf khieens cho ddaij tas House nhanh chongs trowr thanhf “nguwowif cha ddowx ddaauf tinh thaanf” trong giowis tinh anh Hoa Kyf. Nawm 1912, khi banf veef vieecj chonj uwngs cuwr vieen toongr thoongs cuar Ddangr Daan chur, nhuwngx nguwowif dduwngs ddaauf Ddangr nayf ddax coos tinhf boos tris ddeer House “phongr vaans” kieemr tra truwcj tieeps uwngs cuwr vieen Wilson. Sau khi ddeens gawpj House owr New York, hai nguwowif ddax cos mootj cuoocj nois chuyeenj khas laau vaf ddeeuf tor ra ys howpj taam ddaauf. Cuoocj nois chuyeenj ddax khieens Wilson phair thoots leen rawngf: “Ngaif House chinhs laf hoas thaan cuar tooi, laf mootj banr sao thuws hai cuar chinhs con nguwowif tooi. Bowir car hai chungs tooi ddeeuf cos suy nghix gioongs nhau towis muwcs thaatj khos phaan bieetj dduwowcj. Vaf neeus laf House, tooi sex lamf moij vieecj ddungs theo cachs nghix cuar oong aays (3) (Charles Seymour, thuw tuwf trao ddooir cuar Ddaij tas House 1926, tr. 173). Vaayj laf House ddax ddongs vai trof bawcs caauf vaf thuwowng thuyeets giuwax cacs chinhs trij gia vowis nhuwngx oong chur ngaan hangf. Truwowcs khi Wilson trungs cuwr, taij buooir tieecj do giowis ngaan hangf phoos Wall toor chuwcs, House ddax ddamr baor vowis cacs oong chur taif chinhs lowns rawngf: “Con luwaf (Ddangr Daan chur) do Wilson ddang cuwowix tuyeetj ddoois khoong ddas haauj treen dduwowngf…” (4) (George Sylvester Viereck, anh banj laj lungf trong lichj suwr (The Strangest Friendship in History) – 1932) khieens cho nhuwngx ddaij gia nhuw Schiff, Warburg, Morgan, Rockefeller ddeeuf guwir gawms hy vongj vaof House towis muwcs Schiff conf vis House nhuw Moses, conf minhf vaf nhuwngx oong chur ngaan hangf khacs thif nhuw Warren. Thangs 11 nawm 1912, sau khi trungs cuwr toongr thoongs, Wilson ddax ddeens Bermuda ddeer nghir ngowi. Trong thowif gian nayf, oong ddax

ddocj raats kyx tacs phaamr “Philip Dru: Administrator” cuar House. Sau ddos, trong nhuwngx nawm 1913 – 1914, oong ddax cho thi hanhf cacs chinhs sachs cungx nhuw ban boos nhuwngx phaps leenhj maf haauf heets ddeeuf ddungs nhuw nhuwngx gif dduwowcj vieets ra trong cuoons tieeur thuyeets cuar House. Ngayf 23 thangs 12 nawm 1913, sau khi “Duwj luaatj Cucj Duwjj truwx Lieen bang Myx” dduwowcj thoong qua, Schiff, oong chur ngaan hangf cuar phoos Wall ddax vieets thuw cho House nois rawngf: “Tooi muoons nois: Xin camr own ngaif veef suwj coongs hieens thaamf lawngj maf hieeuj quar thuwf nhuwngx ddieeuf ngaif ddax lamf trong quas trinhf vaanj ddoongj ddeer duwj luaatj tieenf teej dduwowcj thoong qua laanf nayf (5) (Charles Seymour, thuw tuwf trao ddooir tuwf Ddaij tas House 1925, tr. 175). Ngay sau khi hoanf thanhf xong nhieemj vuj quan trongj laf xaay duwngj dduwowcj ngaan hangf trung uwowng tuw nhaan nayf taij Myx, House ddax bawts ddaauf taapj trung vaof cacs coong vieecj quoocs tees. Voons cos moois quan heej roongj ddoois vowis nhuwngx oong chur quan trongj khawps tuwf chaau Aau sang Myx maf House ddax nhanh chongs trowr thanhf mootj nhaan vaatj cos tieengs treen vux ddaif thees giowis. “oong ta (House) cos moois quan heej heets suwcs saau sawcs vowis cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf quoocs tees New York. Suwcs anhr huwowngr cuar oong ta lan toar ddeens raats nhieeuf cacs toor chuwcs taif chinhs cungx nhuw nhuwngx oong chur ngaan hangf lowns bao goomf: anh em nhaf Paul Warburg vaf Felix Warburg, Otto Kun, Lui Mabow, Henry Mckensey, anh em nhaf Jacopo vaf Motimei Schiff, hay Herbert Liman. Ngoaif ra, House conf cos mooix quan heej khawng khits vowis cacs chinhs trij gia vaf car nhuwngx oong chur ngaan hangf lowns owr chaau Aau (6) (Dan Smoot, chinhs phur voo hinhf (The Invisible Govemment), Baos caos cuar Dan Smoot – 1962). Nawm 1917, toongr thoongs Wilson ddax uyr thacs cho House toor chuwcs thanhf laapj nhoms “ddieeuf tra” (The Inquiry) chuyeen phuj trachs cacs vaans ddeef cos lieen quan towis vieecj soanj thaor hieepj didnhj hoaf binhf trong tuwowng lai. Ngayf 30 thangs 5 nawm 1919, taij mootj khachs sanj owr Paris – Phaps, nam tuwowcs Edward Rothschild ddax trieeuj taapj mootj hooij nghij vowis cacs khachs mowif tham duwj

bao goomf taats car cacs thanhf vieen cuar nhoms ddieeuf tra” vaf cacs thanhf vieen hooij nghij banf tronf cuar Anh. Vaans ddeef trongj taam cuar hooij nghij ddos laf caan bawngf luwcj luwowngj veef cacs phaanf tuwr tinh anh giuwax Anh vaf Myx. Ngayf 5 thangs 6, nhuwngx nguwowif nayf laij toor chuwcs nhoms hopj mootj laanf nuwax vaf ddi towis quyeets ddinhj cuoois cungf, ddos laf: vaanx phaan chia hinhf thuwcs toor chuwcs nhuwng thoongs nhaats hanhf ddoongj mootj cachs cos lowij. Ngayf 17 thangs 6, House trong vai trof nguwowif trieeuj taapj ddax dduwngs leen thanhf laapj Vieenj Hoangf gia Veef Cacs Vaans ddeef Quoocs tees owr Anh (Institute of Intenational Affairs). Ngayf 21 thangs 7 nawm 1921, House ddooir teen toor chuwcs nayf thanhf Hooij ddoongf Quan heej Quoocs tees (Council Foreign Affairs) dduwowcj nhuwngx oong chur ngaan hangf phoos Wall taif trowj. Thanhf vieen cuar toor chuwcs nayf bao goomf nhoms “ddieeuf tra”, cacs ddaij bieeur Myx tham gia hooij nghij hoaf binhf Paris vaaf 270 nhaan vaatj tinh anh thuoocj giowis chinhs trij, taif chinhs ddax tham gia xaay duwngj leen Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx. Vaayj laf mootj toor chuwcs vowis mucj ddichs khoongs chees xax hooij Myx vaf chinhs trij thees giowis ddax ra ddowif tuwf ddos. Khi conf laf trowj lys Booj truwowngr hair quaan duwowis thowif cuar Wilson, Roosevelt ddax ddocj raats kyx tacs phaamr “Philip Dru: Administrator” cuar House vaf timf thaays dduwowcj suwj gowij ys saau sawcs tuwf ddos “Ker ddoocj taif nhaan tuwf” dduwowcj mieeu tar trong cuoons sachs chinhs laf hinhf anhr lootj xacs tuwf con nguwowif thuwcj nayf cuar Roosevelt. Ngay sau khi Roosevelt trugns cuwr toongr thoongs, House laapj tuwcs dduwowcj boor nhieemj thanhf coos vaans cao caaps toois quan trongj trong Nhaf Trawngs. Conf con reer cuar Roosevelt ddax vieets trong hooif kys cuar minhf rawngf: Trong car mootj quangx thowif gian daif, tooi luoon cho rawngf chinhs Roosevelt ddax nghix ra raats nhieeuf chur tuwowng vaf bieenj phaps huwux ichs cho nuwowcs Myx. Nhuwng thuwcj tees laij khoong phair nhuw vaayj. Haauf heets cacs nhix cungx nhuw ddanj duwowcj, chinhs trij cuar oong ddeeuf laf nhuwngx thuws maf Hooij ddoongf quan heej quoocs tees vaf Toor chuwcs chur truwowng thoongs nhaats thees giowis chung mootj ddoongf tieenf ddax lamf sawnx ra tuwf truwowcs cho oong

(7) (7) Ddaij tas Curtis Dall, F.D. Roosevelt, Boos vowj tooi (My Exploited Father-in Law), Liberty Lobby, 1970. Ngayf 17 thangs 2 nawm 1950, con trai cuar Paul Warburg, nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf James Warburg – nguwowif ddax tuwngf ddamr nhaanj chuwcs coos vaans taif chinhs cho Roosevelt ddoongf thowif cungx laf thanhf vieen cuar Hooij ddoongf quan heej quoocs tees – ddax phats bieeur taij hooij nghij uyr ban ddoois ngoaij cuar thuwowngj nghij vieenj rawngf: “Chungs ta caanf phair xaay duwngj mootj chinhs phur thees giowis baats keer nguwowif ta cos thichs nos hay khoong. Chir cos mootj vaans ddeef duy nhaats laf chinhs phur thees giowis nayf roots cuoocj sex dduwowcj laapj neen tuwf nhaanj thuwcs chung (cuar hoaf binhf) hay laf suwj chinh phucj (cuar uy luwcj) maf thooi (8)(8) David Allen Rivera, Lowif canhr baos cuoois cungf: Lichj suwr cuar Traatj tuwj thees giowis mowis (Final Waming: A History of the New World Order), 2004, Chuwowng 5).Ngayf 9 thangs 12 nawm 19 nawm 1950, towf Chicago Forum ddax ddawng mootj baif xax luaanj vowis nooij dung: “Cacs thanhf vieen cuar Hooij ddoongf quan heej quoocs tees taoj dduwowcj anhr huwowngr lowns ddeens xax hooij hown nhuwngx nguwowif binhf thuwowngf raats nhieeuf. Hoj ddax bieets taanj dungj ddiaj vij cao hown nhuwngx nguwowif khacs cuar minhf veef tieenf taif, ddiaj vij xax hooij, hocj thuwcs ddeer daanf daanf dduwa ddaats nuwowcs nayf ddeens con dduwowngf phas sanr veef kinh tees vaf supj ddoor veef quaan suwj. Hoj caanf phair nhinf kyx laij banf tay mowis khoo maus tuwf cuoocj ddaij chieens thuws nhaats, trong khi banf tay kia vaanx conf ddang uwowts maus cuar cuoocj ddaij chieens thuws hai (9) (Chicago Tribune, 9/12/1950.)Nawm 1971, John Rarick, mootj nghij six bang Louisians ddax cos nhaanj xets: “Hooij ddoongf quan heej quoocs tees vaanx ddang ra suwcs thanhf laapj neen mootj chinhs phur thees giowis vaf ddax nhaanj dduwowcj suwj ungr hooj veef taif chinhs cuar mootj soos Quyx mieenx thuees lowns nhaats. Hoj vung leen caay gaayj quyeenf luwcj ddeer gianhf laays vieecj taoj ra mootj anhr huwowngr cuwcj lowns ddoois vowis taif chinhs, thuwowng maij, lao ddoongj, quaan suwj, giaos ducj vaf truyeenf thoong ddaij chungs. Moij coong daan treen ddaats Myx cos ys thuwcs

baor veej vaf giuwx ginf hieens phaps Myx cungx nhuw tinh thaanf thuwowng maij tuwj do cuar chinhs phur toots nayf ddeeuf caanf phair hieeur dduwowcj muwu ddoof cuar nos. Cos mootj ddieeuf ddangs nois laf giowis truyeenf thoong, nhuwngx con nguwowif luoon dduwowcj ddaats nuwowcs chungs ta baor veej quyeenf nawms rox tinhf hinhf, luoon sawnx sangf bocs traanf nhuwngx vuj bee boois, nhuwng laij hoanf toanf im lawngj mootj cachs ddangs ngowf khi banf towis nhuwngx vaans ddeef lieen quan ddeens Hooij ddoongf quan heej quoocs tees. Ddieeuf nayf cos nghiax Hooij ddoongf quan heej quoocs tees thuwcj ra laf mootj toor chuwcs tinh anh, laf nowi tuj howpj nhuwngx nhaan vaatj khoong chir cos quyeenf luwcj vaf anhr huwowngr toois quan trongj veef nhuwngx quyeets sachs toois cao trong chinhs phur nhawmf duy trif dduwowcj aps luwcj tuwf treen xuoongs, maf nos conf thoong qua nhuwngx khoanr taif trowj cas nhaanf vaf toor chuwcs nhawmf lamf tawng aps luwcj tuwf duwowis leen treen, vowis mucj ddichs cuoois cungf laf ddeer ungr hooj cho vieecj bieens nhaf nuwowcs Coongj hoaf cos hieens phaps, cos chur quyeenf nhanh chongs trowr thanhf tay sai cuar mootj chinhs phur thees giowis ddoocj taif (10) (10) David Allen Rivera, Lowif canhr baos cuoois cungf. Lichj suwr Traatj tuwj thees giowis mowis (Final Waming: A History of the New World Order), 2004, Chuwowng 5).Hooij ddoongf quan heej quoocs tees cos taamf anhr huwowngr tuyeetj ddoois ddeens chinhs trij Myx. Keer tuwf cuoocj ddaij chieens thees giowis laanf thuws hai ddeens nay, ngoaij truwf cos ba nguwowif, conf haauf nhuw nhuwngx nguwowif trungs cuwr toongr thoongs ddeeuf laf thanhf vieen cuar toor chuwcs nayf. Duf maays chucj nawm nay, hai ddangr tham gia tranh cuwr vaanx luoon thay nhau nawms quyeenf nhuwng chinhs sachs cuar chinhs phur thif luoon dduwowcj duy trif heets suwcs nhaats quans. Sowr dix cos ddieeuf ddos laf vif cacs thanhf vieen cuar hooij ddoongf quan heej quoocs tees nawms giuwx dduwowcj nhuwngx vij tris trongj yeeus nhaats trong chinhs phur. Tuwf nawm 1921 ddeens nay, ddaij dda soos cacs booj truwowngr taif chinhs ddeeuf laf nguwowif cuar toor chuwcs nayf. Cacs coos vaans an ninh quoocs gia thowif Eisenhower ddeens nay ddeeuf do chinhs toor chuwcs nayf quyeets ddinhj vaf boos tris. Tinhs ra ddax cos 14 booj truwowngr ngoaij

giao (keer tuwf nawm 1949 ddeens nay), 11 booj truwowngr quoocs phongf vaf 9 cucj truwowngr cucj tinf baos trung uwowng ddeeuf laf nguwowif cuar toor chuwcs nayf. Cos theer thaays rawngf, Hooij ddoongf quan heej quoocs tees chinhs laf “truwowngf ddangr trung uwowng” cuar cacs tinh anh Myx, bowir “Mootj khi cacs thanhf vieen coots cans cuar Hooij ddoongf quan heej quoocs tees quyeets ddinhj veef mootj chinhs sachs ddawcj bieetj naof ddos cuar chinhs phur Myx, thif booj mays nghieen cuwus vowis quy moo khoongr loof cuar toor chuwcs nayf sex bawts ddaauf vaanj hanhf heets toocs luwcj. Hoj dduwa ra quan ddieemr duwaj treen car tinhf car lys ddeer lamf tawng theem tinhs thuyeets phucj cuar chinhs sachs mowis. Treen binhf dieenj chinhs trij vaf lys tuwowngr, nos lamf xaos troonj vaf haj thaaps gias trij cuar baats kyf ys kieens phanr ddoois naof” (11) (Phyllis Ward, Chester Schlafly, Kissinger trên trường ký (Kissinger on the Couch) - Arlington House 1975).Mooix khi booj mays quan truwowngf Washington bij khuyeets nhuwngx vij tris trongj yeeus, thif coong vieecj ddaauf tieen cuar Nhaf Trawngs laf goij ddieenj cho Hooij ddoongf quan heej quoocs tees owr New York. Towf Chirstian Science Montor ddax tieets looj rawngf, hown mootj nuwar soos thanhf vieen cuar toor chuwcs nayf ddeeuf dduwowcj mowif tham gia booj mays chinhs phur hoawcj ddamr trachs vij tris coos vaans cho chinhs phur. Hooij ddoongf quan heej quoocs tees cos towis 3.600 thanhf vieenj vaf ddeeuf phair laf coong daan Myx thuoocj giowis ngaan hangf, lanhx ddaoj cacs coong ty lowns, quan chuwcs cao caaps trong chinhs phur, cacs nhaf baos cungf nhuwngx hocj giar nooir tieengs, cacs coos vaans chieens luwowcj hangf ddaauf vaf car nhuwngx tuwowngs linhx cao caaps trong quaan ddooij.Nhuwngx nguwowif nayf ddax howpj laij vaf trowr thanhf “hatj nhaan rawns chawcs” cuar chinhs giowis Myx. Baos caos cuar Hooij ddoongf quan heej quoocs tees Myx nawm 1987 cho bieets, ddax cos 262 nhaf baos cungx nhuw cacs chuyeen gia truyeenf thoong nooir tieengs trong linhx vuwcj “daanx dawts duw luaanj” thuoocj nhuwngx giowis truyeenf thoong coots yeeus taij quoocs gia nayf laf thanhf vieen cuar toor chuwcs. Nhuwngx nguwowif nayf khoong chir

“daanx giair” cacs chinhs sachs ngoaij giao cuar chinhs phur maf conf “soanj ra” nhuwngx chinhs sachs ddos. Thanhf vieen cuar hooij ddoongf quan heej quoocs tees ddax nawms giuwx nhuwngx mangj luwowis truyeenf hinhf nhuw CBS, ABC, NBC vaf PBS. Vowis giowis baos chis, hoj ddax kieemr soats dduwowcj cacs bowf baos lowns nhuws: New York Times, Washington Post, Wall Street Daily Journal, nhaatj baos Hoanf caauf Boston, Mothy cuar Bai, Los Angeles Times. Conf trong linhx vuwcj tapj chis, hoj ddax giams sats dduwowcj tapj chis thuoocj dongf chur luwu nhuw Times, Fortune, Life,Finace, The People, Entertainment Weekly’s, Newsweek’s, Bussiness Weekly, US News & World Report, Reader Degest, Forber vaf Atlantic Weekly. Ddoois vowis linhx vuwcj xuaats banr, hoj ddax khoongs chees cacs nhaf xuaats banr lowns nhaats nhuw : Mcmillan, Lander, Simon and Schuster, hay Brother’s, McGraw Hill (12) (Ted Flynn, Hy vongj cuar ker xaaus xa (Hope of the Wicked), - MaxKol Communication, Inc, 2.000, tr. 89.Thuwowngj nghij six William Jenner ddax tuwngf nois: “Ngayf nay, nuwowcs Myx cos theer hoanf toanf howpj phaps hoas cacs con dduwowngf ddi ddeens ddoocj taif cuar minhf, conf nguwowif daan thif khoong nghe vaf cungx chawngr thaays. Nhinf been ngoaif, chungs ta cos mootj chinhs phur hoatj ddoongj tuaan thur theo ddungs hieens phaps. Nhuwng been trong chinhs phur ddos vaf car heej thoongs chinhs trij cuar chungs ta vaanx toonf taij mootj thuws quyeenf luwcj ddaij dieenj cho quan ddieemr cuar cacs baacj tinh anh – nhuwngx nguwowif luoon cho rawngf, hieens phaps cuar chungs ta ddax looix thowif vaf quyeenf quyeets ddinhj cos lex ddang nawmf trong tay hoj”. Nhuw vaayj, quyeenf quyeets ddinhj cacs vuj vieecj duf ddoois nooij hay ddoois ngoaij cuar nuwowcs Myx thuwcj suwj khoong conf nawmf trong tay cuar hai ddangr Coongj hoaf vaf Daan chur nuwax. Giowf ddaay nos ddax nawmf trong tay cuar nhuwngx nguwowif thuoocj caau lacj booj tinh anh sieeu caaps.

2. Ngaan hangf thanh toans quoocs tees: Truj sowr cuar cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf ddaauf naox.

Chuyeen gia tieenf teej nooir tieengs Franz Pieck ddax tuwngf nois: “Soos phaanj cuar ddoongf tieenf cungx chinhs laf soos phaanj cuar

ddaats nuwowcs”. Tuwowng tuwj nhuw vaayj, soos phaanj cuar tieenf teej thees giowis cungx sex quyeets ddinhj soos phaanj cuar thees giowis. Treen thuwcj tees, ngaan hangf thanh toans quoocs tees laf toor chuwcs ngaan hangf dduwowcj thanhf laapj sowms nhaats nhuwng tieengs nois cuar nos laij khoong cos trongj luwowngj neen haauf nhuw chawngr maays ai quan taam towis nos. Vif thees neen giowis hocj giar cungx khoong theer nghieen cuwus ddaayf ddur veef nos dduwowcj. Hangf nawm, ngoaij truwf thangs 8 vaf thangs 10, conf vaof 10 thangs kia, cuws mooix thangs mootj laanf laij cos mootj soos nhaan vaatj awn mawcj sang trongj tuwf London, Washington vaf Tokyo bis maatj cungf keos nhau towis Basel cuar Thuyj Six, vaf ddeeuf owr laij khachs sanj Euler ddeer tham duwj mootj buooir hooij nghij bis maatj nhaats, thaamf lawngj nhaats nhuwng laij cos suwcs anhr huwowngr lowns nhaats treen thees giowis. Ddeer phucj vuj cho hooij nghij dds cungf vowis nhuwngx nguwowif tham duwj, ngoaif vieecj luoon cos hown 300 nguwowif phucj vuj trong moij hoatj ddoongj tuwf lais xe, ddaauf beeps, veej six, dduwa thuw, phieen dichj, toocs kys, thuw kyf cho towis car vieecj nghieen cuwus, thif conf cos theem cacs heej thoongs sieeu mays tinhs, saan tenis, hoof bowi, thaamj chis car cacs caau lacj booj vowis ddaayf ddur nhuwngx trang thieets bij hieenj ddaij nhaats. Nhuwngx nguwowif cos theer tham gia vaof caau lacj booj sieeu caaps nayf ddeeuf phair tuaan thur nhuwngx quy ddinhj heets suwcs nghieem ngawtj, vaf chir cos nhuwngx nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf ddaauf naox vowis khar nawng – kieemr soats laix suaats, quy moo tins dungj cungx nhuw nguoonf cung uwngs tieenf teej theo tuwngf ngayf cuar cacs nuwowcs mowis ddur ddieeuf kieenj ddeer dduwowcj tham gia vaof caau lacj booj nayf. Hoj chinhs laf cacs chur tichj cuar Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx, Ngaan hangf Anh, Ngaan hangf Nhaatj Banr, Ngaan Hangf Quoocs gia Thuyj Six vaf Ngaan hangf Trung uwowng Dduwcs. Toor chuwcs nayf ddang nawms giuwx khoangr 40 tyr USD tieenf mawtj, coong trais chinhs phur cacs nuwowcs, vaf car mootj luwonwgj vangf bawngf 10 % toongr luwowngj duwj truwx toanf thees giowis, chir sau ngaan khoos quoocs gia cuar Myx. Vaf chir caanf suwr dungj ddungs lowij nhuaanj tuwf vieecj cho vay vangf thif cungx ddax cos theer chi trar heets toanf booj chi phis cho chinhs ngaan hangf ddos. Vaayj

neen, mucj ddichs cuar hooij nghij bis maatj hangf thangs chinhs laf ddeer caan ddoois vaf khoongs chees hoatj ddoongj tieenf teej cuar cacs nuwowcs coong nghieepj. Toaf nhaf ddawtj truj sowr cuar ngaan hangf thanh toans quoocs tees cos haamf ngaamf tranhs bom hatj nhaan, ddaayf ddur cacs trang thieets bij y tees, heej thoongs phongf chays hieenj ddaij towis muwcs cho duf cos xayr ra chays lowns thif cungx khoong caanf phair huy ddoongj ddeens linhs cuwus hoar been ngoaif. Treen taangf cao nhaats cuar toaf nhaf nayf cos mootj nhaf awn trangs leej chir dungf rieeng cho nhuwngx thuwcj khachs quys cao caaps ddeens tham duwj hooij nghij “Basel cuoois tuaanf” nayf. Taij ddaay, khi dduwngs treen bucj pha lee lowns nhaats trong phongf awn vaf phongs taamf mawts veef boons huwowngs thif ddeeuf thaays dduwowcj canhr ddepj trangs leej cuar ba quoocs gia Dduwcs, Phaps vaf Thuyj Six. Ngoaif ra, taats car mays tinhs taij trung taam mays tinhs cuar toaf nhaf ddeeuf cos dduwowngf mangj rieeng keets noois truwcj tieeps ddeens cacs ngaan hangf ddaauf naox cuar cacs nuwowcs. Chinhs vif vaayj maf moij soos lieeuj cuar thij truwowngf taif chinhs thees giowis ddeeuf dduwowcj hieenr thij lieen tucj treen manf hinhf ddawtj taij ddaij sanhr. Muwowif tams giao dichj vieen lieen tucj giair quyeets cacs giao dichj cho vay ngawns hanj treen thij truwonwgf tieenf teej chaau Aau. Conf cacs giao dichj vieen veef vangf lamf vieecj treen mootj taangf khacs luoon baanj roonj vowis nhuwngx cuoocj giao dichj khoong nguwngf veef tieenf vaf vangf giuwax cacs ngaan hangf ddaauf naox qua ddieenj thoaij. Ddoois vowis cacs loaij hinhf giao dichj thif ngaan hangf thanh toans quoocs tees haauf nhuw chawngr bao giowf phair chiuj baats cuws ruir ro naof, bowir moij giao dichj ddoois vowis cho vay hay vangf ddeeuf cos taif khoanr cuar cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf ddaauf naox ddamr baor vowis phis thanh toans quoocs tees owr muwcs cao. Lucs nayf, mootj caau hoir xuaats hieenj, ddos laf taij sao nhuwngx nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf ddaauf naox nayf laij chaaps nhaanj ddeer cho ngaan hangf thanh toans quoocs tees xuwr lys nhuwngx nghieepj vuj heets suwcs cow banr nayf vowis muwcs phis cao ddeens nhuw vaayj?

Chir cos mootj caau trar lowif duy nhaats cho ddieeuf nayf, ddos chinhs laf “giao dichj bis maatj”. Thanhf laapj vaof nawm 1930, Ngaan hangf thanh toans quoocs tees ra ddowif ddungs thowif kyf dieenx ra cacs cuoocj ddaij khungr hoangr treen toanf thees giowis suy thoais nghieem trongj nhaats. Vowis tinhf trangj ddos, cacs oong chur ngaan hangf treen thees giowis ddax bawts ddaauf nghix towis mootj heej thoongs lowns manhj hown so vowis Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx. Ys tuwowngr xaay duwngj ngaan hangf cuar cacs nhaf taif phieetj ddax ra ddowif. Khi dduwowcj thanhf laapj, Ngaan hangf thanh toans quoocs tees hoatj ddoongj chur yeeus duwaj vaof banr hieepj ddinhj The Hague nawm 1930. Theo ddos, nos hoatj ddoongj hoanf toanf ddoocj laapj vowis chinhs phur cacs nuwowcs, dduwowcj mieenx nooopj thuees cho chinhs phur cacs nuwowcs baats keer trong thowif chieens hay thowif binhf. Ngoair ra, nos chir giao dichj veef nhuwngx khoanr tieenf guwir cuar cacs ngaan hangf trung uwowng cuar cacs nuwowcs vowis mootj muwcs phis thu khas cao cho mooix cuoocj giao dichj ddos. Vaof thaapj nieen 30 – 40 – thowif ddieemr neenf kinh tees thees giowis ddang suy thoais vaf khungr hoangr nghieem trongj, khi ngaan hangf trung uwowng cacs nuwowcs chaau Aau ddua nhau guwir vangf vaof ngaan hangf thanh toans quoocs tees – cungx laf lucs maf cacs mons nowj thanh toans quoocs tees vaf booif thuwowngf chieens tranh nhaats loatj dduowwcj tieens hanhf keets toans thoong qua ngaan hangf thanh toans quoocs tees. Nguwowif vachj ra toanf booj kees hoachj nayf chinhs laf Hjalmar Chacht cuar Dduwcs. Nawm 1927, chinhs Hjalmar Schacht cungf vowis Strong cuar Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx owr New York vaf Norman cuar Ngaan hangf Anh ddax bis maatj banf nhau vachj kees hoachj lamf rowts gias thij truwowngf coor phieeus nawm 1929. Ddeens ddaauf nawm 30, Hjalmar Schacht ddi theo con dduwowngf chur nghiax phats xits. Conf mucj ddichs cuar vieecj thanhf laapj ra ngaan hangf thanh toans quoocs tees laf ddeer taoj ra mootj saan chowi cos theer bis maatj cung caaps taif chinhs cho ngaan hangf trung uwowng cacs nuwowcs. Treen thuwcj tees, trong thowif gian dieenx ra chieens tranh thees giowis laanf thuws hai, cacs nhaf ngaan hangf quoocs tees cuar Anh vaf Myx ddax thoong qua saan chowi nayf ddeer cung caaps mootj luwowngj taif chinhs lowns cho

nuwowcs Dduwcs phats xits, nhawmf giups cho nguwowif Dduwcs keos daif theem thowif gian cho cuoocj chieens heets muwcs cos theer. Sau khi Dduwcs tuyeen chieens vowis Myx, hangf loatj vux khis toois taan cuar Myx duwowis danh nghiax cuar cacs nuwowc trung laapj ddax dduwowcj vaanj chyeenr vaof Taay Ban Nha vaf Phaps truwowcs khi dduwowcj chuyeenr towis Dduwcs. Raats nhieeuf nghieepj vuj taif chinhs trong cacs vuj vieecj ddos ddeeuf do chinhs ngaan hangf thanh toans quoocs tees keets toans. Been canhj ddos, thanhf vieen hooij ddoongf quanr trij cuar ngaan hangf thanh toans quoocs tees laij do chinhs cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf cuar hai been tham chieens duwngj leen goomf cos: Thomas McKittrick cuar Myx vaf Hermann Schmitz – nhaan vaatj ddaauf naox cuar I.G.Farben trong nganhf coong nghieepj thowif Dduwcs Quoocs xax, nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf Dduwcs – Nam tuwowcs Klemens Freiherr von Ketteler, cungf vowis Walther Fuk vaf Emil Pauhl cuar ngaan hangf Dduwcs quoocs xax do chinhs Adolf Hitler chir ddinhj. Thangs 3 nawm 1938, sau khi chieems dduwowcj Aos, quaan Dduwcs ddax vow vets heets sachj vangf cuar Vienna. Luwowngj vangf nayf cungx nhuw luwowngj vangf thu dduwowcj owr Tieepj Khawcs vaf cacs quoocs gia chaau Aau khacs dduwowcj quaan Dduwcs mang vaof trong kho vangf cuar Ngaan hangf thanh toans quoocs tees. Thanhf vieen nguwowif Dduwcs trong Hooij ddoongf quanr trij ddax caams thaor luaanj ddeens vaans ddeef nayf trong cacs cuoocj hopj hooij ddoongf. Truwowcs ddos, soos vangf cuar Tieepj Khawcs khi chuwa bij Dduwcs chieems ddongs ddax dduwowcj chuyeenr ddeens ngaan hangf Anh, nhuwng khi ddeens chieems ddongs, quaan phats xits ddax eps Ngaan ahngf Tieepj Khawcs ddeer ddoif laij soos vangf nay. Norman cuar Ngaan hangf Anh laapj tuwcs ddoongf ys. Keets quar, soos vangf ddos Dduwowcj dungf ddeer mua mootj luwowngj vux khis lowns ddeer phucj vuj cho chieens tranh. Ngay khi dduwowcj mootj nhaf baos Anh tieets looj ra ngoaif, tin nayf laapj tuwcs dduwowcj duw luaanj heets suwcs chus ys. Booj truwonwgr taif chinhs Myx Henry McKensey ddax ddichs thaan goij ddieenj thoaij cho John Simon, Booj truwowngr taif chinhs Anh, ddeer xacs minh thoong tin, nhuwng ddax bij Simon phur nhaanj ngay. Sau nayf, khi

dduwowcj hoir veef vaans ddeef nayf, Thur tuwowngs Chamberlain trar lowif rawngf khoong heef cos chuyeenj ddos. Sowr dix Chamberlain trar lowif nhuw vaayj bowir oong chinhs laf mootj coor ddoong lowns cuar Imperial Chemical Industries – mootj banj hangf thaan thieets cuar I. G. Farben thowif Dduwcs quoocs xax. Cochran – nguwowif dduwowcj Booj taif chinhs Myx cuwr ddeens ddieeuf tra tinhf hinhf Ngaan hangf thanh toans quoocs tees – ddax mieeu tar moois quan heej ddoois ddaauf giuwax Ngaan hangf thanh toans quoocs tees vowis nuwowcs Dduwcs quoocs xax thees nayf: Baauf khoong khis Basel hoanf toanf huwux nghij. Haauf heets cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf ddaauf naox ddeeuf ddax quen bieets nhau nhieeuf nawm. Vieecj gawpj laij nhau ddeeuf khieens taats car hoj camr thaays vui muwngf vif mooix laanf nhuw vaayj, hoj ddeeuf thu veef dduwowcj mootj khoanr lowij nhuaanj lowns. Trong soos hoj cos nguwowif ddeef xuaats caanf phair depj bor nhuwngx moois baats hoaf giuwax ddooi been. Moij nguwoiwf cos lex laf neen ddi caau cas cungf toongr thoongs Roosevelt, bor bowts tinhs kieeu ngaoj vaf maau thuaanx cas nhaan vowis nhau ddeer cungf tieens towis mootj baauf khoong khis deex chiuj hown, cungx nhuw ddeer cos theer khieens cho moois quan heej chinhs trij phuwcs tapj truwowcs mawts dduwowcj ddown gianr hown (13). (Charles Higham, Buoon bans vowis ker thuf (Trading With the Enemy) (Robert Hale, London 1983).Sau nayf, khi buoocj phair thuwaf nhaanj rawngf soos vangf caur Tieepj Khawcs ddax dduwowcj chuyeenr giao cho Dduwcs quoocs xax, Ngaan hangf Anh ddax giair thichs rawngf: ddos chir laf giao dichj nghieepj vuj, conf soos vangf ddos chuwa tuwngf dduwowcj xuaats ra khoir nuwowcs Anh. Taats nhieen, vowis suwj toonf taij cuar Ngaan hangf thanh toans quoocs tees thif chir caanf thay ddooir maays chuwx soos treen phieeus ghi thanh toans cuar ngaan hangf laf vieecj chuyeenr vangf cho Dduwcs quoocs xax sex suoon ser. Qua dos chungs ta mowis thaays thans phucj taif nawng cuar Hjalmar Schacht – nguwowif ddax thieets kees ra mootj saan chowi taif chinhs kheos leos ddeens nhuw vaayj vaof nawm 1930 nhawmf haauj thuaanx cho cuoocj ddaij chieens sau nayf cuar Dduwcs. Nawm 1940, Thomas H. McKittrick dduwowcj baauf lamf Chur tichj Ngaan hangf thanh toans quoocs tees. Toots nghieepj Ddaij hocj Harvard,

tuwngf ddamr nhaanj chuwcs Chur tichj hooij thuwowng maij Anh, thoong thaoj tieengs Dduwcs, Phaps vaf Ys, cos moois quan heej maatj thieets vowis phoos Wall cungx nhuw tungf thuwcj hieenj thuwowng vuj cho Dduwcs quoocs xax vay vangf vowis soos luwowngj lowns, sau khi nhaanj chuwcs khoong laau Thomas ddax ddeens Berlin ddeer tieens hanhf hooij ddamf bis maatj vowis Ngaan hangf Trung uwowng Dduwcs vaf Gestapo. Cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf xacs ddinhj rawngf, mootj khi Myx tham duwj vaof cuoocj chieens thif nghieepj vuj ngaan hangf sex phair dduwowcj banf bacj vaf thoong qua cuj theer. Ngayf 27 thangs 5 nawm 1941, theo yeeu caauf cuar Booj truwowngr taif chinhs Morgenthau, Hull – Booj truwowngr ngoaij giao Myx – ddax goij ddieenj cho ddaij suws Myx taij Anh yeeu caauf ddieeuf tra thaatj rox moois quan heej giuwax chinhs phur Anh vaf Ngaan hangf thanh toans quoocs tees duwowis suwj kieemr soats cuar phats xits. Keets quar ddieeuf tra ddax khieens Morgenthau nooir giaanj khi bieets Norman cuar Ngaan hangf Anh luoon cos mawtj trong Hooij ddoongf quanr trij cuar Ngaan hangf thanh toans quoocs tees. Thuwcj ra, cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf cuar Anh, Phaps vaf Myx ddeeuf coi nguwowif Dduwcs laf nhuwngx nguwowif banj toots vaf thaan thieets trong hooij ddoongf quanr trij cuar ngaan hangf, mawcj duf treen chieens truwowngf hoj laf ker thuf khoong ddooij trowif chung. Moois quan heej bawngf huwux kyf laj luoon dduwowcj duy trif cho ddeens khi chieens tranh keets thucs. Ngayf 5 thangs 2 nawm 1942, sau hai thangs Nhaatj Banr ddanhs ups Traan Chaau Cangr, Myx ddax buwowcs vaof cuoocj chieens tranh truwcj dieenj vowis Dduwcs. Tuy nhieen, ddieeuf kyf laj laf car Ngaan hangf trung uwowng Dduwcs vaf chinhs phur Ys ddeeuf ddoongf ys ddeer cho Thmas H. McKittrick, mootj nguwowif Myx, tieeps tucj nawms giuwx chuwcs Chur tichj Ngaan hangf thanh toans quoocs tees cho ddeens khi keets thucs chieens tranh, conf Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx vaanx tieeps tucj duy trif nghieepj vuj ddeeuf ddawnj vowis ngaan hangf thanh toans quoocs tees. Truwowcs ddos, do vaanx luoon giuwx thais ddooj nghi ngowf veef moois quan heej maapj mowf giuwax Ngaan hangf thanh toans quoocs tees vowis Ngaan hangf nuwowcs nayf neen Coong ddangr Anh ddax nhieeuf laanf yeeu caauf Booj taif chinhs phair cos suwj giair trinhf rox

rangf. Tuy nhieen, hoj chir nhaanj dduwowcj lowif giair thichs rawngf: “Nhaf nuwowcs ta dduwowcj huwowngr raats nhieeuf quyeenf lowij tuwf Ngaan hangf thanh toans quoocs tees, maf ddieeuf ddos hoanf toanf duwaj treen suwj thoar thuaanj giuwax chinhs phur cacs nuwowcs. Vaayj neen vieecj cawts dduwts moois quan heej vowis ngaan hangf nayf laf khoong phuf howpj vowis lowij ichs cuar nuwowcs ta”. Trong chieens tranh, ngay car nhuwngx hieepj uwowcs khoong xaam phamj laanx nhau giuwax cacs quoocs gia ddeeuf cos theer bij phas bor baats cuws lucs naof. Vaayj maf Booj taif chinhs Anh laij chawcs chawns veef suwj thoar thuaanj giuwax cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf cuar cacs nuwowcs khieens nguwowif khacs khoong theer khoong “thans phucj thais ddooj nghieem tucs” cuar nguwowif Anh trong chuyeenj nayf. Nhuwng ddeens nawm 1944, sau khi phats hieenj ra Dduwcs quoocs xax haauf nhuw ddax thu heets lowij nhuaanj cuar ngaan hangf thanh toans thif suwj haof phongs cuar nguwowif Anh laij khieens nguwowif ta laij khoong khoir nghi ngowf. Muaf xuaan nawm 1943, baats chaaps suwj an nguy ddeens tinhs mangj, Thomas H. McKittrick vaanx ddi laij nhuw con thoi giuwax cacs nuwowcs tham chieens. Cho duf khoong phair laf coong daan Ys vaf cungx chawngr phair nhaf ngoaij giao Myx, nhung McKittrick vaanx dduwowcj chinhs phur Ys caaps hooj chiees ngoaij giao. Khi owr Dduwcs, oong ta conf dduwowcj car ddawcj vuj Hitler ddi theo baor veej suoots chawngj dduwowngf ddeens Roma, sau ddos towis Lisbon xuoongs thuyeenf Thuyj Ddieenr trowr veef Myx. Thangs 4, oong ta ddeens New York tieens hanhf thaor luaanj chi tieets vowis cacs quan chuwcs cuar Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang. Sau ddos, vowis taams hooj chieeus Myx, oong ta towis thur ddoo Berlin cuar Dduwcs ddeer truyeenf ddatj thoong tin taif chinhs tuyeetj maatj cungx nhuw thais ddooj cuar giowis quyeenf luwcj owr Myx cho cacs quan chuwcs Ngaan hangf trung uwowng Dduwcs bieets. Ngays 26 thangs 3 nawm 1943, taij haj vieenj, Jerry Voorhis nghij six bang California – ddax ddef xuaats ddieeuf tra hoatj ddoongj mowf ams cuar Ngaan hangf thanh toans quoocs tees nhawmf lamf rox “nguyeen nhaan vif sao mootj coong daan Myx ddamr nhieemj chuwcs Chur tichj ngaan hangf do cacs nuwowcs cungf thoar thuaanj vaf gaay duwngj

neen”, nhuwng Quoocs hooij Myx vaf Booj taif chinhs ddeeuf phowts lowf khoong tieens hanhf ddieeuf tra. Ddeens thangs 1 nawm 1944, John Kowfey – mootj nghij six haj vieenj “nhieeuf chuyeenj” khacs – ddax bayf tor mootj cachs phaanx nooj:“Chinhs phur Dduwcs quoocs xax cos 85 trieeuj francs vangf Thuyj Six caats giuwx owr Ngaan hangf thanh toans quoocs tees. Trong khi tieenf vangf cuar nuwowcs Myx cuar chungs ta luoon chayr vaof ddos thif haauf heets cacs thanhf vieen Hooij ddoongf quanr trij cuar ngaan hangf nayf ddeeuf laf quan chuwcs Dduwcs quoocs xax (14) (Charles Higham, Buoon bans vowis ker thuf (Trading With the Enemy) (Robert Hale, London 1983).Nguwowif ta vaanx khoong hieeur nooir taij sao mootj quoocs gia ddang rowi vaof tinhf trangj boons beef chieens suwj nhuw Thuyj Six maf vaanx giuwx dduwowcj thees “trung laapj”, trong khi nhuwngx quoocs gia langs gieengf nhuw Vuwowng quoocs Bir, Luxembourg, Nauy hay Ddan Machj cho duf muoons duy trif thees trung laapj cungx khos maf tranhs khoir gots giayf cuar quaan phats xits. Thuwcj ra banr chaats cuar vaans ddeef nawmf owr choox truj sowr Ngaan hangf thanh toans quoocs tees dduwowcj ddawtj taij Thuyj Six vaf ddos chinhs laf nowi ddeer cacs oong chur ngaan hangf Anh – Myx cung caaps taif chinhs giups Dduwcs keos daif cuoocj chieens towis muwcs cos theer. Ngayf 20 thangs 7 nawm 1944, nooij dung dduwowcj dduwa ra thaor luaanj taij hooij nghij Bretton Systems chinhs laf xoas bor Ngaan hangf thanh toans quoocs tees. Mowis ddaauf hai toongr coong trinhf suw Keynes vaf Harry Dexter White ddax ddoongf ys xoas soor Ngaan hangf nayf khi thaays cos quas nhieeuf cawpj mawts hoaif nghi ddoor doonf vaof cacs hoatj ddoongj cuar Ngaan hangf trong thowif kyf chieens tranh. Nhuwng sau ddos, car hai ddeeuf nhanh chongs thay ddooir huwowngs suy nghix. Laapj tuwcs Keynes towis gox cuwar phongf Morgenthau, Booj truwonwgr taif chinhs Myx, khieens Mogenthau ddax heets suwcs ngacj nhieen khi thaays Keynes ddax coos hees suwcs binhf tinhx ddeer nois cho Morgenthau bieets rawngf Ngaan hangf thanh toans quoocs tees caanf phair tieeps tucj dduwowcj hoatj ddoongj ddeens khi Quyx tieenf teej quoocs tees vaf Ngaan hangf thees giowis mowis dduwowcj thanhf laapj.

Cungf vowis choongf, vowj cuar Keynes boongx choocs cungx trowr thanhf thuyeets khachs ddoois vowis Morgenthau. Chir khi nhaanj thaays Morgenthau ddang phair chiuj mootj aps luwcj chinhs trij raats lowns veef vieecj buoocj phair giair tans Ngaan hangf thanh toans quoocs tees, Keynes mowis nhuwowngj booj vaf thuwaf nhaanj rawngf Ngaan hangf nayf caanf phair ddongs cuwar, nhuwng caanf chonj thowif ddieemr ddongs cuwar thaatj thichs howpj, trong khi Morgenthau chur truwowng “cangf nhanh cangf toots”. Camr thaays meetj moir, Keynes trowr veef phongf minhf vaf ngay laapj tuwcs cho trieeuj taapj mootj cuoocj hopj khaanr caaps cuar ddoanf ddaij bieeur Anh. Cuoocj hopj ddax keos daif ddeens 2 giowf sangs, vaf ddichs thaan Keynes ddax vieets gnay mootj buwcs thuw guwir ddeens Morgenthau vowis nooij dung yeeu caauf Ngaan hangf thanh toans quoocs tees phair dduwowcj tieeps tucj hoatj ddoongj. Ngayf hoom sau, ddoanf ddaij bieeur cuar Morgenthau ddax khieens car hooij nghij baats ngowf khi thoong qua quyeets ddinhj giair tans Ngaan hangf thanh toans quoocs tees. Ngay khi bieets dduwowcj quyeets ddinhj nayf, Thomas H. McKittrick laapj tuwcs vieets thuw cho car Morgenthau vaf Booj truwowngr taif chinhs Anh. Las thuw nhaans manhj rawngf, sau khi chieens tranh keets thucs thif ngaan hangf thanh toans quoocs tees vaanx ddongs mootj vai trof lowns, ddoongf thowif oong cungx bayf tor rawngf moij soor sachs cuar ngaan hangf thanh toans quoocs tees laf thuws khoong theer coong khai. Bowir treen thuwcj tees trong vongf 76 nawm keer tuwf 1930 ddeens nay, taats car soor sachs cuar ngaan hangf nayf chuwa heef dduwowcj baats kyf chinhs phur naof coong boos coong khai. Baats chaaps moij hanhf ddoongj ddangs ngowf cuar Thomas H. Kittrick trong chieens tranh, nhuwng Rockefeller vaanx boor nhieemj oong ta lamf Phos Chur tichj Ngaan hangf Chase Manhattan vaf ddeeuf nhaanj dduwowcj suwj tans thuwowngr cuar cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf quoocs tees. Conf ngaan hangf thanh toans quoocs tees roots cuoocj cungx khoong bij giair tans. Tuy nhieen, sau chieens tranh, Ngaan hangf thanh toans quoocs tees ddi vaof hoatj ddoongj bis maatj duwowis hinhf thuwcs caau lacj booj trung taam cuar sau, bayr nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf ddaauf naox, bao goomf

Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx, Ngaan hangf quoocs gia Thuyj Six, Ngaan hangf lieen bang Dduwcs, Ngaan hangf Ys, Ngaan hangf Nhaatj Banr vaf Ngaan hangf Anh. Conf Ngaan hangf Phaps vaf cacs ngaan hangf trung uwowng cuar cacs quoocs gia khacs ddeeuf bij gatj ra ngoaif. Ys ddoof lowns nhaats cuar caau lacj booj nayf chinhs laf phair kieen quyeets khoong ddeer chinhs phur cacs nuwowcs dduwowcj tham gia vaof quas trinhf dduwa ra quyeets sachs tieenf teej quoocs tees. Ngaan hangf quoocs gia Thuyj Six vaf Ngaan hangf lieen bang Dduwcs laf cacs ngaan hangf tuw nhaan vaf hoanf toanf khoong chiuj suwj quanr lys cuar chinhs phur. Thaamj chis Poor, Chur tichj cuar Ngaan hangf lieen bang Dduwcs thaf ngooif xe Limousine cuar minhf conf hown ngooif mays bay do chinhs phur boos tris ddeer duwj hooij nghij Basel owr Thuyj Six. Owr mootj muwcs ddooj naof ddos, Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx cungx chiuj suwj kieemr soats cuar chinhs phur, nhuwng trong vieecj quyeets ddinhj cacs chinhs sachs lieen quan ddeens vaans ddef tieenf teej thif Nhaf Trawngs vaf Quoocs hooij hoanf toanf khoong dduwowcj pheps can thieepj. Mawcj duf ngaan hangf Ys chiuj suwj quanr lys cuar chinhs phur treen danh nghiax, nhuwng vij Chur tichj cuar ngaan hangf nayf laij chawngr bao giowf baanj taam ddeens chinhs phur. Chinhs thees nawm 1979, baats chaaps vieecj chinhs phru ra leenhj bawts Paolo Baffi – Chur tichj Ngaan hangf Ys – cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf quoocs tees ddax gaay suwcs eps ddoois vowis chinhs phur Ys buoocj phair baix bor leenhj bawts nayf. Tinhf hinhf cuar Ngaan hangf Nhaatj Banr khas ddawcj bieetj. Sau khi thij truwowngf baats ddoongj sanr bong bongs owr Nhaatj Banr nawm 80 bij phas sanr thif booj taif chinhs bij keets tooij, conf ngaan hangf Nhaatj Banr nhaan cow hooij nayf ddax thoats khoir suwj kieemf chees cuar chinhs phur. Ngaan hangf Anh tuy bij chinhs phur quanr lys raats chawtj nhuwng hooij ddoongf quanr trij cuar nos ddeeuf laf nhuwngx nhaan vaatj tai to mawtj lowns neen cungx dduwowcj coi laf thanhf vieen hatj nhaan. Rieeng ngaan hangf Phaps thif chawngr dduwowcj may nhuw vaayj, bowir nos chir laf con roois cuar chinhs phur neen ddax bij gatj ra khoir caau lacj booj nayf mootj cachs kieen quyeets.

3. Quyx tieenf teej thees giowis (IMF) vaf Ngaan hangf hees giowis

Cos ys kieens cho rawngf: “Quyx tieenf teej quoocs tees (IMF) laf mootj toor chuwcs taif chinhs heets suwcs ngaoj manj. Sowr dix nhuw vaayj laf bowir IMF chuwa bao giowf ddaps uwngs ddungf dduwowcj lowif keeu goij cuar cacs nuwowcs ddang phats trieenr maf IMF ddax heets suwcs giups ddowx. Cungx cos nguwowif nois: “Cacs quyeets sachs cuar IMF ddeeuf bij coi laf bis maatj vaf thieeus daan chur bowir chinhs “lieeuj phaps” kinh tees cuar IMF thuwowngf khieens cho vaans ddeef cangf theem xaaus ddi. Bowir nos luoon lamf moij dieenx bieens trowr neen tooif teej hown khi maf tuwf phats trieenr kinh tees chaamj chapj thanhf ddinhf treej kinh tees, vaf rooif sau ddos laf suwj suy thoais kinh tees traamf trongj”. Nhuwngx ddieeuf nayf quar thaatj khoong sai! Vif khi conf owr vij tris laf nhaf kinh tees hocj hangf ddaauf cuar Ngaan hangf thees giowis tuwf nawm 1996 ddeens thangs 9 nawm 2000, tooi ddax chuwngs kieens vaf cungf trair qua nhuwngx cuoocj khungr hoangr kinh tees thees giowis nghieem trongj nhaats trong vongf nuwar thees kyr qua nhuw khungr hoangr taif chinhs chaau As, khungr hoangr tieenf teej owr chaau Myx Latin vaf Nga. Dduwowcj taanj mawts chuwngs kieens cacs bieenj phaps giair quyeets cuar IMF vaf booj taif chinhs Myx ddoois vowis cuoocj khungr hoangr ddos, tooi thuwcj suwj thaays kinh haix (15) (Joseph Stiglitz, Tay trong: Tooi hocj dduwowcj tuwf cuoocj khungr hoangr kinh tees thees giowis (The Insider: What I Leamed at the World Economic Crisis), The New Republic, 4/2.000).Joseph Stiglitz, nhaf kinh tees hocj hangf ddaauf cuar Ngaan hangf thees giowis Mootj tuaanf truwowcs cuoocj hopj thuwowngf nieen nawm 2000 cuar ngaan hangf thees giowis IMF, Joseph Stigliz – nhaf kinh tees hocj hangf ddaauf cuar Ngaan hangf thees giowis – ddax cos baif phats bieeur leen ans kichj lieetj ddoois vowis hai toor chuwcs quoocs tees lowns nhaats nayf. Ngay laapj tuwcs, oong dduwowcj James David Wolfensohn- Chur tichj Ngaan hangf thees giowis cho nghir vieecj. Thuwcj ra, nguwowif quyeets ddinhj soos phaanj caur Joseph E. Stiglitz khoong phair laf James David Wolfensohn maf laf Lawrence Summers – Booj truwowngr taif chinhs Myx – nguwowif ddang nawms giuwx 17% coor phaanf cuar ngaan hangf thees giowis, cos quyeenf baix mieenx, boor nhieemj vaf phur quyeets

trong Ngaan hangf thees giowis. Vaayj neen, khi khoong conf camr tinhf ddoois vowis Joseph E. Stiglitz nuwax thif Summer ddax ra leenhj “sa thair” Joseph E. Stiglitz chuws khoong phair laf hinhf thuwcs ra ddi lawngj lex. Nawm 2001 Joseph E. Stiglitz nhaanj dduwowcj giair Nobel kinh tees vaf cungx tuwngf giuwx vij tris coos vaanx kinh tees cao caaps cuar toongr thoongs Clinton. Vaans ddeef khoong xuaats phats tuwf trinhf ddooj kinh tees hocj, maf xuaats phats tuwf “laapj truwowngf chinhs trij nguwowcj dongf” cuar Joseph E. Stiglitz, khi oong luoon giuwx thais ddooj baats ddoongf vaf leen tieengs phanr ddoois vowis chinhs sachs “toanf caauf hoas” maf cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf quoocs tees ddang heets suwcs mong ddowij. Suwj ddanhs gias vaf quan ddieemr cuar oong ddoois vowis hai toor chuwcs taif chinhs quoocs tees nayf hoanf toanf duwaj treen mootj luwowngj lowns tuw lieeuj quan trongj maf oong khoong ngowf ddeens. Bowir vieecj “taoj neen vaf lowij dungj nhuwngx vaans ddeef nayf” chinhs laf mucj ddichs cuar hai toor chuwcs taif chinhs nayf. Gioongs nhuw haauf heets cacs nguwowif khacs ddang lamf vieecj taij Ngaan hangf thees giowis vaf IMF, Joseph E. Stiglitz hoanf toanf khoong tin vaof quan ddieemr cuar “thuyeets aam muwu”, bowir taats car hoj ddeeuf khoong thuwaf nhaanj trong coong vieecj cuar minhf cos toonf taij baats cuws mootj “aam muwu” naof. Treen thuwcj tees, nhinf tuwf caaps ddooj nghieepj vuj, moij coong vieecj maf hoj ddang lamf laf hoanf toanf cos tinhs khoa hocj vaf nghieem tucs, moij soos lieeuj ddeeuf cos xuaats xuws rox rangf, moij tinhs toans ddeeuf dduwowcj phaan tichs kyx cangf, moij vaans ddeef ddeeuf cos nhuwngx huwowngs giair quyeets cuj theer ddeer thanhf coong. Vaayj neen, neeus nois trong coong vieecj thuwowngf ngayf ddos ddang toonf taij “aam muwu” thif quar thuwcj laf ddieeuf khoong theer chaaps nhaanj dduwowcj, keer car vieecj cos dungf nhuwngx phuwowng phaps chuwngs minh thuwcj tieenx thif cungx chir ruts ra dduwowcj keets luaanj nhuw vaayj maf thooi. Ddieeuf nayf chinhs laf suwj “minh bachj” tinh vi nhaats trong kees hoachj cuar cacs oong trumf! Taats car cacs vaans ddeef tuwf chi tieets soos lieeuj towis thao tacs nghieepj vuj hoanf toanf ddeeuf dduwowcj xuwr lys heets suwcs minh bachj vaf ddungs baif banr. Gaanf nhuw

khoong cos kex howr naof. Conf “aam muwu” ddichs thuwcj chir cos theer daanf daanf dduwowcj nhaanj ra qua cacs chinhs sachs thuwcj hieenj. Vaf ddieenr hinhf lowns nhaats cuar ddieeuf nayf chinhs laf suwj khacs bieetj rox rangf veef hieeuj quar chuyeenr ddooir moo hinhf kinh tees cuar Ba Lan vaf Lieen Xoo. Jeftrey Sachs – giaos suw Ddaij hocj Harvard – ddax cungf vowis Soros vaf Paul Volcker – nhuwngx vij cuwuj chur tichj Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx vaf Anno Ruding – Phos Chur tichj Ngaan hangf Hoa Kyf ddax dduwa ra “lieeuj phaps soocs”. Chinhs Soros ddax keets luaanj veef lieeuj phaps nayf nhuw sau: Tooi nhaanj thaays rawngf, chinhs vieecj thay ddooir veef theer chees chinhs trij sex daanx ddeens suwj cair thieenj veef kinh tees. Ba Lan chinhs laf mootj nowi cos theer thuwr nghieemj dduwowcj. Tooi ddax chuaanr bij mootj loatj bieenj phaps cair cachs kinh tees roongj khawps, bao goomf ba mucj tieeu chinhs: giams sats chawtj chex tieenf teej, ddieeuf chinhr cow caaus vaf toor chuwcs laij cacs khoanr nowj. Tooi cho rawngf vieecj hoanf thanhf cungf lucs ba mucj tieeu nayf sex toots hown nhieeuf so vowis vieecj thuwcj hieenj rieeng tuwngf cais. Tooi chur truwowng cho mootj kieeur chuyeenr ddooir nowj vaf coor phaanf kinh tees vix moo. Vif thees, trong quas trinhf thuwcj hieenj “lieeuj phaps soocs” owr Ba Lan, Booj taif chinhs Myx vaf cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf quoocs tees ddax giups ddowx quoocs gia nayf veef mawtj tieenf bacj, vaf vowis suwj vieenj trowj cungf cacs khoanr tieenf khoongr loof, lieeuj phaps nayf ddax ddem laij hieeuj quar lowns. Sau thanhf coong owr Ba Lan, lieeuj phaps nayf laij dduwowcj aps dungj cho Lieen Xoo. Khi “con gaaus bawcs cuwcj” nayf bij cacs “bacs six kinh tees” ddawtj leen banf moor phanh thaay xer ruootj xong thif ngay laapj tuwcs nguoonf “maus” truwowcs ddaay cuar Myx vaf cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf quoocs tees ddootj ngootj tawcs nghenx, vaf keets cuoocj, chawngr caanf nois ta cungx cos theer hinhf dung ra dduwowcj tinhf trangj cuar beenhj nhaan. Vif thees maf giaos suw Sachs ddax “roongs” leen mootj cachs “oan uwcs” bowir vif rox rangf thanhf coong cuar “cuoocj phaaux thuaatj” ddax dduwowcj chuwngs minh qua truwowngf howpj cuar Ba Lan truwowcs ddos, nhuwng ddeens

truwowngf howpj cuar Lieen Xoo laij xayr ra suwj coos ngoaif ys muoons, haauj quar laf “chus gaaus bawcs cuwcj” ddi ddowif nhaf ma. Thuwcj ra, thanhf coong cuar “lieeuj phaps soocs” owr Ba Lan chinhs laf mootj sowij thongf longj. Mootj kieeur aam muwu thoong qua “caaps ddooj chinhs sachs” nhuw thees nayf thif khoong phair laf ddieeuf maf Sachs vaf giaos suw Joseph E. Stiglitz ddeeuf cos theer lys giair dduwowcj. Ngay khi conf trong giai ddoanj ddaauf thieets kees heej thoongs Bretton Woods, mucj ddichs cuar vieecj thanhf laapj hai toor chuwcs nayf chinhs laf nhawmf xacs laapj ddiaj vij bas quyeenf thees giowis cuar ddoongf USD. Uwowcs mow xoas bor chees ddooj banr vij vangf cuar cacs oong trumf ngaan hangf quoocs tees dduwowcj thuwcj hieenj trong ba buwowcs. Buwowcs thuws nhaats: Nawm 1933, sau khi Roosevelt xoas bor heej thoongs banr vij vangf truyeenf thoongs thif owr Myx, ddoongf USD ddax khoong dduwowcj quy ddooir ra thanhf vangf truwcj tieeps nhuw truwowcs nuwax. Tuy nhieen, nhuwngx nguwowif owr nuwowcs ngoaif vaanx cos theer ddooir USD truwcj tieeps ra vangf. Buwowcs thuws hai: heej thoongs Bretton Woods thuwcj hieenj vieecj gawns mocs xichs giuwax ddoongf USD vowis ddoongf tieenf teej cacs nuwowcs khacs thoong qua hinhf thuwcs ddooir USD laays vangf, vaf chir cos cacs ngaan hangf trung uwowng cacs nuwowcs mowis dduwowcj pheps lamf nhuw vaayj. Vaf buwows thuws ba: xoas bor hawnr chees ddooj ddooir USD laays vangf nhawmf mucj ddichs gatj bor vangf ra khoir heej thoongs luwu thoong tieenf teej quoocs tees, thay vaof ddos chir cos mootj ddoongf tieenf duy nhaats dduwowcj luwu thoong, ddos chinhs laf ddoongf USD. Sowr dix ddoongf USD dduwowcj “uwu ais” nhuw vaayj chuws khoong phair laf mootj ddoongf tieenf khacs bowir treen thuwcj tees, car IMF vaf Ngaan hangf thees giowis ddeeuf ddax bij Myx kieemr soats. IMF thuwcj ra chir laf choox duwaj cuar nguwowif chaau Aau dduwowcj duwngj leen ddeer tranhs tinhf trangj maats kieemr soats. Trong khi ddos, chinh Booj taif chinhs Myx mowis laf nowi dduwa ra cacs kees hoachj quan trongj caanf phair thaor luaanj cungx nhuw ddawtj ra quy ddinhj veef cacs ddieeuf khoanr caanf phair ddatj dduwowcj treen 85% phieeus tans thanhf mowis cos theer dduwowcj thuwcj thi. Conf owr

Ngaan hangf thees giowis, nguwowif dduwngs ddaauf toor chuwcs nayf do chinhs Booj taif chinhs Myx chir ddinhj. Vaayj neen, trong vieecj nawms giuwx toanf quyeenf veef nhaan suwj thif tinhf huoongs ddeer ddatj dduwowcj muwcs 85% phieeus thuaanj laf raats hieems, vaf neeus cos thif cungx chir laf mootj hinhf thuwcs ddeer thuaanj lowij hown cho vieecj naang cao ys nghiax cuar quyeets ddinh. Ddaay chinhs laf trof chowi “thieets kees chinhs sachs” vaf chir giowis hanj trong suwj cheenh leechj giuwa hai “luwu trinhf thao tacs”. Keynes – toongr coong trinhf suw cuar heej thoongs Bretton Woods – conf nghix ra mootj khais nieemj haaps daanx hown: “quyeenf ruts voons ddawcj bieetj” (Special Drawing Righits) ddeer lamf cow sowr xaay duwngj leen mootj toor chuwcs tieenf teej thees giowis trong tuwowng lai. Quyeenf ruts voons ddawcj bieetj chinhs laf “vangf giaays” ddax dduwowcj nhawcs ddeens nhawmf boor xung cho suwj thieeus hutj luwowngj vangf duwj truwx cuar Myx do nhaapj khaaur khoong buf nooir cacs khoanr chi trong suoots thowif gian daif. Cos theer xem ddaay chinhs laf mootj ys tuwowngr tuyeetj vowif nhaats trong lichj suwr nhaan loaij, bowir nguwowif ta sex quy didnhj mootj loaij “tieenf giaays” naof ddos maix khoong “maats gias”, cos gias trij ngang vowis vangf thaatj, nhuwng khoong bao giowf cos theer chuyeenr ddooir thanhf vangf dduwowcj. Nawm 1969, khi cuoocj khungr hoangr thanh toans bawngf vangf nghieem trongj xayr ra owr Myx, khais nieemj nayf ngay laapj tuwcs ddax dduwowcj “tieens cuwr” nhuwng vaanx khoong theer cuwus vanx dduwowcj tinhf thees. Tuy nhieen, sau khi heej thoongs Bretton Woods bij giair theer thif “quyeenf ruts voons ddawcj bieetj” cungx dduwowcj ddinhj nghiax laij. Thees nhuwng cho ddeens nay, heej thoongs “tieenf teej thees giowis” do Keynes nghix ra vaof nawm 40 nayf vaanx chuwa theer phats huy dduwowcj nhieeuf tacs dungj nhuw mong ddowij. Sau khi toongr thoongs Nixon tuyeen boos huyr bor heej thoongs vangf vaf USD vaof nawm 1971, suws meenhj lichj suwr cuar Ngaan hangf thees giowis vaf IMF thuwcj suwj ddax keets thucs. Nhuwng ngay laapj tuwcs cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf quoocs tees ddax kipj thowif timf ra dduwowcj mootj soos vij tris mowis cho minhf: “giups ddowx” cacs quoocs gia ddang phats trieenr tieens hanhf cuoocj cachs mangj “toanf caauf hoas”.

Truwowcs khi bij sa thair, Joseph E. Stiglitz ddax nawms dduwowcj mootj luwowngj lowns vawn kieenj cow maatj cuar Ngaan hangf thees giowis vaf IMF. Theo nhuwngx gif ghi trong cacs vawn kieenj nayf, nguwowif ta dduwowcj bieets rawngf, IMF ddax yeeu caauf cacs quoocs gia nhaanj vieenj trowj khaanr caaps phair kys vaof hown 111 ddieeuf khoanr bis maatj, trong ddos bao goomf bans cacs taif sanr trongj yeeus cuar nuwowcs minhf nhuw heej thoongs cung caaps nuwowcs, ddieenj luwcj, khis ddoots, dduwowngf sawts, buwu chinhs vieenx thoong, daauf mor, ngaan hangf, ddoongf thowif nuwowcs nhaanj vieenj trowj cungx caanf phair thuwcj thi nhuwngx bieenj phaps kinh tees cos tinhs chaats phas hoaij cuwcj ddoan; mowr cacs taif khoanr ngaan hangf taij ngaan hangf ThuyjSix cho cacs chinhs trij gia cuar cacs nuwowcs nhaanj vieenj trowj vaf phair bis maatj chi cho nhuwngx chinhs trij gia nayf nhieeuf tyr USD ddeer hoj chaaps nhaanj cacs ddieeuf khoanr cuar IMF cungx nhuw Ngaan hangf thees giowis. Neeus nhuw cacs chinhs trij gia cuar nhuwngx nuwowcs nhaanj vieenj trowj nayf khuwowcs tuwf cacs khoanr kia, thif chinhs nhuwngx quoocs gia ddos sex khoong cos dduwowcj nhuwngx khoanr vay khaanr caaps tuwf thij truwowngf taif chinhs quoocs tees. Ddaay cungx laf nguyeen nhaan giair thichs taij sao gaanf ddaay cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf quoocs tees ddax nooir gianaj vowis Trung Quoocs vif nuwowcs nayf ddax dams cho cacs nuwowcs thuoocj thees giowis thuws ba vay nhieeuf khoanr maf khoong cos baats ddieeuf kieenj kemf theo naof. Lamf nhuw vaayj, Trung Quoocs ddax mang laij cho nhuwngx quoocs gia gaanf nhuw ddi vaof ngox cutj cos dduwowcj suwj luwaj chonj mowis. Joseph E. Stiglitz cungx tieets looj rawngf, mooix quoocs gia nhaanj vieenj trowj ddeeuf sex phair rowi vaof ba tinhf trangj sau dday: Thuws nhaats: tuw huwux hoas tuwcs “hoois looj hoas”. Chir caanf ddoongf ys bans rer cacs taif sanr quoocs huwx, lanhx ddaoj cuar cacs nuwowcs nhaanj vieenj trowj sex nhaanjdduwowcj khoanr hoa hoongf 10%, vaf toanf booj soos tieenf sex dduwowcj guwir vaof mootj taif khoanr bis maatj cuar ngaan hangf Thuyj Six. Vaf neeus ddungs lowif cuar Joseph E. Stiglitz thif “anh sex thaays mawts hoj sangs leen”, bowir ddos laf motoj khoanr keechs xuf hangf maays tyr USD! Nawm 1995, sau khi phats hieenj ra dduwowcj vuj hoois looj lowns nhaats trong lichj suwr

trong quas trinhf tuw huwux hoas Lieen bang Nga, Booj taif chinhs Myx cho rawngf vieecj nayf ddax laf toots lawms rooif, bowir hoj muoons Yeltsin trungs cuwr. Ddieeuf duy nhaats maf hoj quan taam trong cuoocj toongr tuyeenr cuwr nayf laf vieecj Yeltsin phair dduwowcj trungs cuwr. Rox rangf, Joseph E. Stiglitz hoanf toanf khoong phair laf nguwowif vachj traanf dduwowcj aam muwu maf chir laf mootj hocj giar ngay thawngr. Vif thees, treen cuwowng vij laf mootj nhaf kinh tees hocj cos luwowng tri vaf tin vaof chinhs nghiax, oong ddax “looij nguwowcj dongf” ddeer leen ans nhuwngx ngons ddonf ddee henf cuar Ngaan hangf thees giowis vaf Booj taif chinhs Myx khi chuwngs kieens neenf kinh tees Lieen bang Nga bij suy chuyeenr heets mootj nuwar gias trij vif suwj lungx ddoanj gaay ra, khieens car nuwowcs Nga rowi vaof tinhf trangj suy thoais nghieem trongj. Thuws hai: tuwj do hoas thij truwongf voons. Treen cow sowr lys luaanj, ddieeuf nayf cos nghiax laf dongf voons dduwowcj chayr vaof vaf chayr ra mootj cachs tuwj do. Tuy nhieen, thuwcj tees cuar hai cuoocj khungr hoangr taif chinhs owr chaau As vaf Brazil cho thaays rawngf, khi dongf voons tuwj do chayr vaof lamf bungf noor thij truwowngf baats ddoongj sanr, thij truwowngf coor phieeus, vaf car thij truwowngf hoois ddoais thif khi xayr ra khungr hoangr, dongf voons chayr ra cungx raats nhanh vaf manhj. Lucs nayf, luwcj chayr cuar nos lowns towis muwcs khieens cho quyx duwj truwx ngoaij teej cuar quoocs gia laam nanj bij kieetj queej trong mootj thowif gian cuwcj ngawns, chir vaif ngayf thaamj chis cos khi chir vaif giowf. Vaf ddos chinhs laf thowif cow ddeer IMF chiaf tay ra cuwus vowts bawngf cacs bieenj phaps nhuw thawts chawtj vongf quay luwu chuyeenr tieenf teej, naang laix suaats tawng votj leen towis muwcs hoang dduwowngf 30%, 50%, rooif 80%, khieens cho cacs thij truwowngf baats ddoongj sanr, chuwngs khoans…bij suy supj, khar nawng sanr xuaats coong nghieepj bij phas huyr, moij nguoonf tichs luyx trong nhieeuf nawm cuar xax hooij bij tieeu hao mootj cachs nhanh chongs hown bao giowf heets. Trong khi cacs quoocs gia laam nanj conf ddang trong canhr dowr soongs dowr cheets bij IMF ddaayr ddeens buwowcs dduwowngf nayf, thif laij cungx chinhs IMF ddeef xuaats naang gias bieen leen cao ddoois vowis cacs nhu yeeu phaamf thuwowngf ngayf cuar nguwowif daan nhuw

thuwcj phaamr, ddoof uoongs vaf khis ddoots. Lucs nayf, suwj nooir giaanj cuar nguwowif daan cos theer bieens thanhf nhuwngx cuoocj baoj ddoongj laf ddieeuf hoanf toanf cos theer hieeur dduwowcj bowir nos chinhs laf keets quar cuoois cungf cuar ddoongj thais nayf. Nawm 1998, taij Indonesia, vieecj IMF cawts giamr nguoonf trowj caaps thuwcj phaamr vaf nhieen lieeuj ddax gaay neen cuoocj baoj ddoongj vowis quy moo lowns. Vowis Bolivia, gias nuwowcs tawng cao ddax khieens cho nguwowif daan thanhf phoos nooir loanj. Conf taij Ecuador, gias khis ddoots leo thang ddax khuaays ddoongj suwj roois loanj trong ddowif soongs xax hooij. Taats car cacs ddieeuf nayf ddax dduwowcj cacs oong trumf ngaan hangf quoocs tees tinhs toans kyx tuwf truwowcs. Vaf neeus dungf thuaatj nguwx cuar hoj thif ddieeuf nayf dduwowcj goij laf “naos ddoongj xax hooij” (Social Urenst). Maf kieeur “naos ddoongj xax hooij” nayf cos tacs dungj heets suwcs toots bowir nhowf nos maf cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf quoocs tees cos cow hooij hoots bacj tuwf nguoonf taif sanr quoocs gia cuar nhuwngx nuwowcs bij naos ddoongj do ddoongf tieenf khoong conf giuwx dduwowcj gias trij. Ngay khi tieeps nhaanj vieenj trowj cuar Ngaan hangf thees giowis vaf IMF do cown khungr hoangr gaay ra, toongr thoongs daan cuwr ddaauf tieen cuar Ethiopia ddax bij eps phair ddem khoanr tieenf vieenj trowj nayf guwir vaof taif khoanr cuar oong owr Booj taif chinhs Myx vowis laix suaats khieem toons 4% trong khi khoong theer khoong vay khoanr tieenf ddos vowis laix suaats 12% tuwf cacs oong chur ngaan hangf quoocs tees ddeer cuwus vanx tinhf hinhf quoocs gia. Khi dduowcj cacs vij taan toongr thongs nayf yeeu caauf dungf khoanr vieenj trowj cuar Ngaan hangf thees giowis vaf IMF ddeer cuwus vanx tinhf hinhf ddaats nuwowcs, Joseph E. Stiglitz ddanhf phair tuwf choois. Ddaay chinhs laf mootj suwj tra taans tanf baoj ddoois vowis luwowng tri loaif nguwowif. Vaf lex dix nhieen laf Joseph E. Stiglitz khoong theer chiuj dduwngj nooir suwj dayf vof nhuw vaayj. Thuw ba: sachs luwowcj xoas ddois giamr ngheof – maauj dichj tuwj do. Trong tinhf canhr nhuw vaayj, Joseph E. Stiglitz ddax vis cacs ddieeuf khoanr maauj dichj tuwj do WTO nhuw laf “chieens tranh thuoocs phieenj”. Oong thuwcj suwj thaays cawm phaanx ddoois vowis ddieeuf khoanr “quyeenf taif nawng tris tueej”. Bowir chinhs vieecj dungf “thuees

quan” ddoois vowis “quyeenf taif sanr tris tueej” cao nhuw vaayj ddeer chi trar cho cacs loaij duwowcj phaamr cuar cacs nhaf mays sanr xuaats thuoocs owr cacs quoocs gia phuwowng Taay thif chawngr khacs naof vieecj “khieens cho nguwowif daan banr ddiaj nguyeenf ruar hoj (cacs coong ty duwowcj phaamr phuwowng Taay) cho ddeens cheets, trong khi voons dix hoj vaanx luoon baats chaaps suwj soongs cheets cuar daan chungs”. Theo quan ddieemr cuar Joseph E. Stiglitz thif IMF, Ngaan hangf thees giowis hay WTO ddeeuf laf nhuwngx thuwowng hieeuj khacs nhau dduwowcj phur been ngoaif cho cungf mootj toor chuwcs maf thooi. Tuy nhieen, so vowis nhuwngx ddieeuf khoanr haf khawcs cuar WTO ddoois vowis vieecj mowr cuwar thij truwowngf thif cacs ddieeuf khoanr IMF thaamj chis conf cao hown nhieeuf (16) (Greg Palast, IMF vaf Ngaan hangf thees giowis gawpj nhau taij Washington (IMF and World Bank Meet in Washington) – Baif vieets cuar Greg Palast cho banr tin truyeenf hinhf BBC toois thuws Saus , 27/4/2001).Cuoons sachs “Lowif thus tooij cuar mootj sats thur kinh tees” (Confessions of an Economic Hit Man) dduwowcj xuaats banr nawm 2004 ddax gops theem mootj lowif giair thichs xuaats sawcs cho quan ddieemr cuar Joseph E. Stiglitz. Vowis suwj trair nghieemj thuwcj tees cuar banr thaan, John Perkins – tacs giar cuoons sachs nayf – ddax mieeu tar mootj cachs aans tuwowngj vaf tinh tees cuoocj chieens tranh taif chinhs bis maatj – cuoocj chieens khoong tuyeen maf chieens dduwowcj cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf quoocs tees tieens hanhf ddoois vowis cacs quoocs gia ddang phats trieenr. Laf mootj nguwowif trong cuoocj, tacs giar ddax dduwowcj NSA, toor chuwcs gians ddieepj lowns nhaats nuwowcs Myx (thuocj Cucj an ninh quoocs gia) tuyeenr dungj vaof cuoois thaapj nieen 60. Sau khi trair qua mootj loatj cacs baif kieemr tra, John Perkins ddax dduwowcj ddanhs gias laf thichs khachs kinh tees phuf howpj nhaats. Ddeer tranhs baij looj, oong ddax dduwowcj vaof vai mootj “hocj giar kinh tees hangf ddaauf” cuar mootj coong ty xaay duwngj nooir tieengs quoocs tees dduwowcj phais ddeens cacs nuwowcs treen thees giowis lamf vieecj. Tuy nhieen, ddos chir laf binhf phong cuar mootj “sats thur kinh tees”. Vaf trong truwowngf howpj neeus kees hoachj bij baij looj thif cacs

nuwowcs dduwowng suwj cungx chir cos theer quy tooij cho suwj tham lam cuar cacs coong ty tuw nhaan, chuws khoong anhr huwowngr gif towis moois quan heej ngoaij giao ddang cos. Coong vieecj cuar John Perkins chinhs laf du thuyeets cacs nuwowcs ddang phats trieenr chaaps nhaanj ddi vay nhuwngx khoanr nowj lowns tuwf Ngaan hangf thees giowis, nhuwngx khoanr vay phair cao hown raats nhieeuf so vowis nhu caauf thuwcj tees vaf oong phair ddamr baor dduwowcj cacs khoanr vay nayf sex luoon khieens cho cacs quoocs gia ddos khoong theer hoanf trar dduwowcj. Ddeer cho cacs chinhs trij gia ddoongf ys, hangf tyr USD luoon sawnx sangf dduwowcj chi ra lamf tieenf hoois looj. Vaf khi cos dduwowcj nhuwngx khoanr nowj khoong theer chi trar, Ngaan hangf thees giowis vaf ngaan hangf quoocs tees ddaij dieenj IMF sex tranh nhau xaau xes taif sanr cuar nhuwngx nuwowcs thieeus nowj bawngf cachs yeeu caauf phair nhuwowngf laij cacs taif sanr trongj yeeus cuar quoocs gia nhuw heej thoongs cung caaps nuwowcs, khis ddoots thieen nhieen, ddieenj luwcj, giao thoong, heej thoongs thoong tin lieen lacj….Neeus nhuw coong vieecj cuar “sats thur kinh tees” khoong hieeuj quar thif ddooij “Baos dden” cuar Cucj tinhf baos trung uwowng sex dduwowcj cuwr ddi ams sats cacs lanhx ddaoj quoocs gia. Neeus “Baos dden” cungx thaats baij thif cuoocj chieens tranh bawngf vux khis quaan suwj sex laf giair phaps cuoois cungf. Nawm 1971, John Perkins dduwowcj phais ddeens Indonesia vaf ddax hoanf thanhf xuaats sawcs nhieemj vuj “sats thur kinh tees” cuar minhf, khieens cho Indonesia mawcs nowj traamf trongj. Sau ddos, oong laij dduwowcj cuwr ddeens Araapj Saudi vaf ddichs thaan ddieeur khieenr kees hoachj “dongf dollar daauf mor chayr nguwowcj veef Myx” (Recycling of Petrodollar). Taij Taij Saudi, oong ddax du thuyeets thanhf coong vowis Kissinger, khieens cho trong toor chuwcs OPEC xuaats hiieenj suwj chia rex. Sau ddos, oong conf dduwowcj cuwr ddeens cacs nuwowcs nhuw Iran, Panama, Ecuador, Venezuela ddeer lamf nhieemj vuj vaf ddeeuf hoanf thanhf xuaats sawcs. Nhuwng khi xayr ra suwj kieenj ngayf 11 thangs 9 nawm 2001, chinhs John Perkin laij camr thaays voo cungf ddau ddowns khi hieer ra rawngf, nuwowcs Myx ddang phair huwngs chiuj suwj cawm phaanx cuar

nguwowif ddowif maf mootj trong nhuwngx nguyeen nhaan chinhs laf khar nawng hoanf thanhf coong vieecj mootj cachs xuaats sawcs cuar nhuwngx sats thur kinh tees nhuw oong. Vif lex ddos, John Perkins ddax quyeets taam nois neen suwj thaatj. Thees nhuwng, haauf heets cacs nhaf xuaats banr lowns owr New York ddeeuf khoong dams xuaats banr cuoons tuwj truyeenj cuar oong bowir chinhs nooij dung quas thaatj cuar cuoons sachs. Vieecj John Perkins vieets sachs nhanh chongs dduwowcj truyeenf ddeens tai “nhuwngx nguwowif trong cuoocj”. Vaayj laf mootj coong ty nooir tieens quoocs tees ddax tuyeenr dungj oong ta vaof ddeer “ngooif chowi xowi nuwowcs” vowis muwcs luwowng cao ngaats. Ddooir laij, oong khoong dduwowcj phats hanhf cuoons sachs ddos. Ddaay cos theer coi nhuw mootj kieeur hoois looj “howpj phaps”. Nhuwng towis nawm 2004, sau khi baats chaaps nguy hieemr vaf aps luwcj xuaats banr cuoons sachs nayf, John Perkins vaanx quyeets ddinhj cho in nos. Vaf gaanf nhuw chir trong mootj ddeem, “Lowif thus tooij cuar mootj sats thur kinh tees” ddax trowr thanhf cuoons tieeur thuyeets bans chayj nhaats nuwowcs Myx. Sowr dix oong phair chonj hinhf thuwcs tieeur thuyeets ddeer theer hieenj caau chuyeenj cungx laf vif tranhs cho nhaf xuaats banr khoir tai hoaj khi dams phats hanhf mootj cuoons sachs vowis nhuwngx lowif lex thawngr thawns ddeens nhuw vaayj (17) (John Perkins. Lowif thus tooij cuar mootj sats thur kinh tees (Confessions of an Economic Hit Man) - Berrett-Koehler Publishers, Inc, San Francisco 2004).

4. Taapj ddoanf tinh anh thoongs trij thees giowisToots nhaats laf chungs ta neen thieets laapj mootj “laau ddaif tratj tuwj thees giwowis” tuwf duwowis leen, chuws khoong phair laf xaay ngwuowcj laij tuwf treen xuoongs. Bowir roots cuoocj thif cais goij laf chur quyeenf quoocs gia cos theer dungf bieenj phaps xaam chieems tuwngf buwowcs ddeer gianhf dduwowc. Vieecj lamf nayf sex cho pheps chungs ta ddatj dduwowcj mucj ddichs cuar minhf nhanh hown so vowis nhuwngx cachs lamf cux (18) (Richard Gardner, Foreign Affairs, 4/1974).Richard Garner, Tapj chis Cacs vaans ddeef quan heej quoocs tees, thangs 4 nawm 1974.

Ngayf 16 thangs 7 nawm 1992, ngay sau khi dduwowcj ddeef cuwr cho cuoocj tranh cuwr toongr thoongs taij ddaij hooij Ddangr Daan chur, Clinton ddax phats bieeur heets suwcs dongx dacj veef tinh thaanf ddoanf keets, lys tuwowngr, nhaan daan vaf ddaats nuwowcs bawngf nhuwngx lowif chawngr cos gif mowis mer. Nhuwng khi keets thucs baif dieenx vawn, ddootj nhieen Clinton nhawcs ddeens nguwowif thaayf cuar minfh – vij giaos suw suwr hocj nooir tieengs nhaats nuwowcs Myx giangr dayj taij Ddaij hocj Georgetown, Carroll Quigley. Anhr huwowngr cuar Carroll Quigley ddoois vowis Clinton dduwowcj chinhs Clinton vis nhuw suwj anhr huwowngr cuar toongr thoongs Kennedy ddoois vowis oong ta vaayjh (19) (Bill Clinton, Dieenx vawn cuar Thoongs ddoocs bang Arkansa Bill Clinton taij Ddaij hooij Ddangr Daan chur quoocs gia, 16/7/1992).. Vaf trong suoots thowif gian lamf toongr thoongs sau nayf cuar minhf, Clinton ddax nhieef laanf nhawcs ddeens teen cuar Carroll Quigley. Vaayj chur truwowng gif cuar Carroll Quigley ddax khieens cho Clinton phair khawcs coots ghi taam ddeens thees? Thuwcj ra, Quigley laf mootj nhaan vaatj cos anhr huwowngr lowns trong vieecj nghieen cuwus toor chuwcs tinh anh bis maatj Anh – Myx. Oong luoon cho rawngf nhuwngx toor chuwcs bis maatj nayf ddax cos anhr huwowngr quyeets ddinhj ddeens haauf heets moij suwj kieenj trongj ddaij treen thees giowis. Toots nghieepj ddaij hocj Harvard, giaos suw Quigley tuwngf ddamr nhaanj cacs vij tris owr Cucj tham muwu Brooklings, Booj quoocs phongf, Booj Hair quaan Myx vaf cos moois quan heej raats maatj thieets vowis cacs quan chuwcs caaps cao trong Cucj Tinhf baos Trung uwowng. Vowis vai trof cuar mootj “nguwowif trong cuoocj” Quigley ddax tuwngf tieeps xucs vowis raats nhieeuf taif lieeuj lichj suwr vaf hoof sow tuyeetj maatj. Tuy nhieen, oong khoong tor ra laf nguwowif choongs ddoois “lys tuwowngr” maf soos raats its cacs tinh anh thoongs trij cuar Anh – Myx ddax sawps ddawtj ra cho toanf thees giowis, vaf chir luoon giuwx thais ddooj “baor luwu” ddoois vowis mootj soos cachs lamf cuj theer trong ddos, rooif theem vaof ddos laf nhuwngx nhaanj xets ddaayf hamf ys trong cacs nghieen cuwus cuar minhf. Chinhs thais ddooj ddos neen oong khoong heef gawpj phair suwj “thawcs mawcs” naof cuar cacs hocj giar dongf “chur luwu”. Ngoaif ra, vowis 20 nawm lamf coong vieecj nghieen

cuwus, dduwowcj tieeps xucs vowis mootj luwowngj lowns hoof sow tuyeetj maatj neen oong dduwowcj giowis suwr hocj myx ddanhs gias cao. Chinhs nhuwngx ddieeuf ddos khieens oong hieems cos ddoois thur khieeu chieens. Chir caanf hocj thuyeets cuar oong khoong nguy hieemr cho giowis caamf quyeenf thif nhuwngx nguwowif trong nhoms tinh anh cungx sex chawngr vieecj gif phair ddoongj ddeens oong. Theo quan ddieemr cuar giaos suw Quigley, Vieenj Hoangf gia veef cacs vaans ddeef quoocs tees owr Anh, Hooij ddoongf quan heej quoocs tees My (CFR), nhoms Bliderberg, uyr ban ba been (Trilateral Commission) rox rangf laf nhuwngx toor chuwcs hatj nhaan cuar caau lacj booj tinh anh luoon muoons thao tungf cucj dieenj thees giowis. Hooij ddoongf quan heej quoocs tees Myx cos 3.600 thanhf vieen, tuwowng dduwowng vowis “truwowngf ddangr trung uwowng” cuar Myx. Vaf vieecj gia nhaapj vaof toor chuwcs nayf thif cungx gioongs nhuw vieecj buwowcs vaof ddaij sanhr cuar chinhs giowis Myx hay cow hooij ddeer trowr thanhf nguwowif hoachj ddinhj chinhs sachs cuar thees giwois tuwowng lai. Nhoms Bllderberg keets howpj theem cacs phaanf tuwr tinh anh cuar chaau Aau, conf uyr ban ba been cos ddeens 325 thanhf vieen, laij theem cacs phaanf tuwr tinh anh cuar Nhaatj Banr vaf cacs quoocs gia chaau As khacs. Taats car nhuwngx thanhf vieen cos tieengs nois trong Hooij ddoongf quan heej quoocs tees Myx thif thuwowngf laf thanhf vieen cuar cacs toor chuwcs khacs. Cacs nhaan vaatj tinh anh trong nhuwngx toor chuwcs nayf bao goomf nhuwngx nhaan vaatj cos thees luwcj ddur ddeer lamf xoay chuyeenr cucj dieenjthees giowis nhuw Henry Kissinger – cuwuj Booj truwowngr ngoaij giao Myx, D. Rockefeller cuar uyr ban quoocs tees J. P.Morgan, Nelson Aldrich Rockefeller, hoangf tuwr Philip cuar Anh, McNamara – Booj truwowngr quoocs phongf Myx thowif toongr thoongs Kennefy vaf sau nayf laf Giams ddoocs ddieeuf hanhf Ngaan hangf thees giowis, baf Thatcher – cuwuj Thur tuwongs Anh, Valesry Giscard d’Estaing – cuwuj toongr thoongs Phaps (chinhs laf nguwowif ddax leen kees hoachj coots yeeus veef hieens phaps chaau Aau), Donalf Rumsfeld – Booj truwowngr quoocs phongf Myx, Brzesinski – cuwj coos vaans an ninh quoocs gia, Alan Greenspan – Chur tichj Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx, vaf Keynes – nhaan vaatj nooir tieengs trong giowis ngaan hangf mootj thowiff. Oong chur Ngaan hangf

quoocs tees chinhs laf oong chur dduwngs ddawngf sau taats car nhuwngx toor chuwcs nayf (20) ( Marc Fisher,   Washington Post , soos ra thuws Ba, 27/1/1998).Dongf hoj Rothschild ddax chur trif raats nhieeuf hooij nghij cuar Bilderberg. Nawm 1962 vaf nawm 1973, hooij nghij Bilderberg dieenx ra owr ddiaj ddieemr nghir mats nooir tieengs cuar Thuyj Ddieenr do dongf hoj Warburg dduwngs ra toor chuwcs. Thowif ddaij hocj, duwowis suwj huwowngs daanx vaf chir baor cuar giaos suw Quigley, Clinton ddax nhaanj ra rawngf, neeus muoons hieenr danh trong chinhs giowis thif khoong chir caanf noox luwcj phaans ddaauf maf conf phair trowr thanhf mootj thanhf vieen trong guoongf mays quyeenf luwcj. Quar nhieen, sau nayf Clinton ddax gia nhaapj uyr ban ba been vaf Hooij ddoongf quan heej quoocs tees ddoongf thowif tham gia lowps “hocj giar Rhodes” – mootj nowi chuyeen ddaof taojl booif duwowngx neen nhuwngx “ cans booj” quan trongj cuar “Chinhs phur thees giowis” trong tuwonwg lai. Nawm 1989, Clinton ddax gia nhaapj Hooij ddoognf quan heej quoocs tees. Vaaf towis nawm 1991, khi giuwx chuwcs Thoongs ddoocs bang Arkansas, Clinton ddax xuaats hieenj taij hooij nghij thuwowngf nieen cuar nhoms Bilderberg toor chuwcs taij Dduwcs. Phair thuwaf nhaanj rawngf cos raats nhieeuf thoongs ddoocs bang lowns owr Myx raats muoons tham gia cuoocj “tuj hooij tinh anh sieeu caaps” nayf. Vaf chir sau mootj nawm, Bill Clinton – Thoongs ddoocs bang Arkansax xa xooi chawngr maays tieengs tawm – ddax ddootj nhieen ddanhs baij nhieeuf chinhs trij gia caos giaf ddeer leen lamf Toongr thoongs. Ddos chinhs laf lys do vif sao Clinton luoon khawcs coots ghi taam nhuwngx lowif chir baor cuar giaos suw Quigley.

5. Caau lacj booj BilderbergNeeus nhuw nhuwngx nawm ddos coong khai moij ddieeuf cho coong chungs bieets thif chungs ta ddax khoong theer hoachj ddinhj kees hoachj phats trieenr cho thees giowis. Maf hieenj nay, thees giowis ngayf cangf phuwcs tapj, conf chungs ta thif chuaanr bij tieens buwowcs manhj mex ddeer trowr thanhf chinhs phur thees giowis. Bowir nhuwngx nguwowif nawms giuwx quyeenf sieeu quoocs gia ddeeuf laf cacs taangf lowps uwu tus vaf cacs oong chur ngaan hangf thees giowis neen ddieeuf toots hown laf chungs ta neen toor chuwcs laays quyeenf tuwj quyeets quoocs gia

trong thuwcj tees hown laf cachs lamf cux trong quas khuws nhuw nhieeuf thees kyr truwowcs (21) (Pepe Escobar, Bilderberg laij taans coong (Bilderberg strikes again), Asia Times, 10/5/2005).John Davison Rockefeller, nawm 1991. Caau lacj booj Bilderberg dduwowcj laays teen tuwf mootj khachs sanj cuar Haf Lan, do oong hoangf nguwowfi Haf Lan, Bernhard sangs laapj vaof nawm 1954. Caau lacj booj Bilderber laf “phieen banr quoocs tees” cuar Hooij ddoongf quan heej quoocs tees Myx, do cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf, chinhs trij gia, lanhx ddaoj doanh nghieepj, cacs nhaf baos vaf cacs hocj giar nooir tieengs taoj neen. Taats car cacs thanhf vieen nayf ddeeuf do Rothschild vaf Rockefeller chonj ra. Trong ddos raats nhieeuf nguwowif conf laf thanhf vieen cuar Hooij ddoongf quan heej quoocs tees Myx, hieepj hooij Pilgrims Society, hieepj hooij banf tronf cuar uyr ban ba been. Caau lacj booj Bilderberg nayf haauf nhuw kieemr soats heets toanf booj heej thoongs toor chuwcs cuar hieepj hooij chaau Aau hieenj cos trong lieen minh chaau Aau. Mucj ddichs cuoois cungf cuar hoj chinhs laf xaay duwngj mootj chinhs phur thees giowis (22) (Pepe Escobar, Bilderberg laij taans coong (Bilderberg strikes again), Asia Times, 10/5/2005).Ddawcj ddieemr hoatj ddoongj lowns nhaats cuar toor chuwcs nayf laf “bis maatj”. Cow quan ddaauf naox cuar toor chuwcs nayf ddawtj traij Leiden thuoocj mieenf taay Haf Lan, cos car soos ddieenj thoaij nhuwng laij khoong cos mangj luwowis. Chir mootj soos its thams tuwr tuwj do nhuw Tony Gosling cuar Anh hay James Tucker cuar Myx ddax phair maats raats nhieeuf coong suwcs vaf car muwu tris mowis cos theer thu thaapj dduwowcj nhuwngx thoong tin cos lieen quan ddeens ddiaj ddieemr vaf lichj trinhf hooij nghij cuar Caau lacj booj nayf. Suoots 30 nawm, Tucker ddax theo doix caau lacj booj nayf vaf cuoois cungf ddax xuaat banr mootj cuoons sachs nois veef nos. Conf nhaf suwr hocj Pierre de Villemarest vaf William Wolf ddax coongj tacs cungf vowis nhau ddeer xuaats banr cuoons sachs “Facts and Chrimcles Denied to the Public”, trong ddos taapj mootj vaf hai ddax mieeu tar lichj suwr phats trieenr bis maatj cuar Caau lacj booj Bilderberg.

Mootj cuoons sachs khacs do nhaf xax hooij hocj Geoffrey Gueens cuar Vuwowng quoocs Bir vieets cungx cos mootj chuwowng taapj trung mieeu tar Caau lacj booj nayf. Etienne Davignon – cuwuj Phos chur tichj uyr ban chaau Aau, thanhf vieen cuar Caau lacj booj Bilderberg – ddax khawngr ddinhj rawngf: “Ddaay khoong phair laf aam muwu thao tungs thees giowis cuar cacs nhaf tuw banr”. Conf Thierry de Montbrian – Vieenj truwowngr Hocj vieenj quan heej quoocs tees Phaps, gia nhaapj Caau lacj booj nayf ddax baanf 30 nawm thif nois rawngf, ddaay chawngr qua chir laf mootj “caau lacj booj” maf thooi. Sowr dix nhuwngx nguwowif nayf cos nhuwngx lowif phats bieeur nhuw treen vif trong thoong baos chinhs thuwcs hooij nghij nawm 2002 cuar caau lacj booj Bilderberg cos ddoanj neej: “hoatj ddoongj duy nhaats cuar caau lacj booj laf tieens hanhf hooij nghij thuwowngf nieen. Hooij nghij nayf khoong ddeef ra baats cuws nghij quyeets naof, cungx khoong tieens hanhf bor phieeus, khoong phats bieeur thanh minh baats cuws chinhs sachs naof”. Vaf Caau lacj booj Bilderberg chir laf “motj dieenx ddanf quoocs tees nhor linh hoatj, khoong chinhs thuwcs. Cacs ddaij bieeur tham gia hooij nghij cos theer phats bieeur moij quan ddieemr khacs nhau, ddeer tawng cuwowngf hieeur bieets giuwax cacs been”. Nhuwng theo Will Hutton – Nhaf kinh tees hocj nguwowif Anh thif “ys kieens thoongs nhaats ddatj dduwowcj trong mooix laanf hooij nghij cuar Caaau lacj booj Bilderberg” chinhs laf “ddoanj mowr ddaauf laapj ra chinhs sachs thees giowis”. Cachs nois cuar oong theer hieenj suwj tieeps caanj vowis suwj thaatj owr muwcs ddooj tuwowng ddoois bowir nhuwngx quyeets ddinhj dduwowcj dduwa ra taij hooij nghij cuar Caau lacj booj Bilderberg veef sau ddeeuf daanf trowr thanhf phuwowng chaam ddinhj truwowcs cuar cacs nuwowcs thuoocj hieepj hooij G8, Quyx tieenf teej quoocs tees vaf Ngaan hangf thees giowis. Ddoois vowis Caau lacj booj Bilderberg, giowis truyeenf thoong luoon tor ra im lawngj vaf phucj tungf. Nawm 2005, towf Financial Times dduwa tin truwowcs rooif sau ddos giair quyeets theo huwowngs lamf giamr nhej “thuyeets aam muwu” ddang gaay xoon xao duw luaanj. Treen thuwcj tees, baats cuws ai cos chaats vaans hay nghi ngowf nguwowif cuar caau lacj booj hungf manhj nhaats thees giowis nayf ddeeuf bij bieens thanhf

ddoois tuwowngj bij ddamf tieeus trong cacs “tacs phaamr” cuar nhuwngx phee binhf lys luaanj. Cacs thanhf vieen cuar Caau lacj booj Bilderberg nhuw cacs nghij six Anh hoawcj nhuwngx quan chuwcs cao caaps Myx thif ddeeuf nois rawngf , chawngr qua ddos chir laf mootj nowi ddeer banf luaanj vaans ddeef, mootj dieenx ddanf maf nguwowif nguwowif ddeeuf cos theer “tuwj do phats bieeur ys kieens”. F. William Enggdahl, tacs giar cuoons “Cuoocj chieens trawm nawm: chinhs trij daauf mor Anh – Myx vaf cuoocj ddaij chieens thees giowis mowis”, ddax giair thichs tir mir mootj ddoanj bis maatj maf raats its nguwowif bieets tuwngf xayr ra trong hooij nghij Bilderberg khi dduwowcj toor chuwcs owr Thuyj Ddieenr nawm 1973. Trong nhuwngx nawm ddaauf sau khi heej thoongs Bretton Woods supj ddoor vij thees cuar ddoongf USD ddax rowi vaof khungr hoangr chuwa tuwngf thaays treen phamj vi toanf thees giowis. Sau khi tachs khoir vangf, sowij daay dieeuf uy tins vaf gias trij cuar ddoongf USD ddax bij cawts dduwts vaf bij cuoons trooi ddi theo gios trong cown baox taps taif chinhs thees giowis. Vif vaanx conf chuwa banf xong kees hoachj chuaanr bij cho heej thoongs tieenf teej thees giowis, cacs oong chur ngaan hangf quoocs tees cungx trowr neen boois roois. Chinhs sachs “quyeenf ruts voons ddawcj bieetj” dduwowcj ddeef ra “long trongj” treen thij truwowngf taif chinhs quoocs tees nawm 1969 nhuwng chawngr ai ddeems xiar ddeens. Thaays sawps maats quyeenf kieemr soats, cacs oong chur ngaan hangf quoocs tees ddax vooij trieeuj taapj mootj hooij thaor khaanr caaps trong hooij nghij Bilderberg nawm 1973 nhawmf gianhf laij quyeenf kieemr soats tinhf hinhf nguy caaps cuar thij truwongf taif chinhs thees giowis lucs ddos. Nhieemj vuj ddawtj ra laf phair timf cachs khooi phucj laij nieemf tin vaof ddoongf USD. Walter Levy – chieens luwowcj gia taif chinhs cuar Myx – ddax ddeef xuaats mootj kees hoachj taos baoj: thar nooir gias daauf mor thees giowis, mawcj gias tawng leen ddeens 400%, vaf hoachj ddinhj llamf sao ddeer thu dduwowcj thawngs lowij lowns tuwf vieecj nayf. 84 thanhf vieen cuar cacs coong ty daauf mor lowns vaf taapj ddoanf taif chinhs lowns ddax tham gia hooij nghij laanf nayf. Keets luaanj maf Engdahl ruts ra laf “

Mucj ddichs taapj trugn cuar nhuwngx thees luwcj quyeenf quys nayf laf ddeer laapj laij caan bawngf quyeenf luwcj theo huwowngs cos lowij veef taif chinhs cho Myx cungx nhuw timf huwowngs phats trieenr cho ddoongf dollar. Ddeer ddatj dduwowcj mucj ddichs nayf, hoj quyeets ddinhj lowij dungj vux khis maf luoon dduwowcj coi trongj nhaats – quyeenf khoongs chees nguoonf cung uwngs daauf mor toanf caauf. Chinhs sachs cuar caau lacj booj Bilderberg chinhs laf taoj neen cuoocj caams vaanj daauf mor toanf caauf, khieens cho gias daauf mor thees giowis tawng votj. Bawts ddaauf tuwf nawm 1945, theo thoong leej quoocs tees, daauf mor thees giowis dduwowcj ddinhj gias bawngf ddoongf USD vif chinhs cacs coong ty daauf mor cuar Myx ddang khoongs chees thij truwowngf nayf sau chieens tranh. Vif vaayj, khi gias daauf thees giowis ddootj ngootj tawng leen cungx ddoongf nghiax nhu caauf dooir ddoongf USD treen thees giowis (dungf ddeer mua daauf) cungx sex tawng, tuwf ddos maf oonr ddinhj dduwowcj gias trij tieenf teej cuar ddoongf USD (23) (William Engdahl,   Mootj thees kyr chieens tranh: Quan ddieemr chinhs trij daauf khis Anh – Myx vaf traatj tuwj thees giowis mowis   (A Century of War: Anglo-American Oil Politics and The New World Order) - Pluto Press, London, 2004; Chuwowng 9).Conf Kissinger ddax dungf hinhf anhr “ddoongf dollar Myx chayr khoong nguwngf vaof daauf mor” ddeer hinhf dung keets quar gias daauf thees giowis leo thang.

6. Uyr ban ba beenDdaats nuwowcs chungs ta cos theer cos dduowwcj chees ddooj daan chur vix ddaj chungs ta ddax cos theer taoj neen taif sanr khoongr loof vaf khieens chungs tichs tuj laij trong tay cuar mootj soos raats its nguwowif. Thees nhuwng, chungs ta khoong theer cungf lucs cos car hai ddieeuf ddos. Zbigniew Brzezinski, Thaamr phans Toaf ans toois cao Myx.Brzezinski chinhs laf nhaan vaatj hatj nhaan cuar uyr ban ba been vaf cungx laf coos vaans ddawcs luwcj cuar D. Rockefeller. Duwowis kieens nghij cuar oong ta, Rockefeller quyeets taam sex “ddem nhuwngx booj ocs uwu tus nhaats treen thees giowis tuj howpj laij vowis nhau ddeer giair quyeets vaans ddeef tuwowng lai”. Ys tuwowngr nayf dduwowcj ddeef xuaats laanf ddaauf vaof nawm 1972, vaf taij hooij nghij

thuwowngf nieen Bilderberg, nos ddax dduwowcj ddem ra thaor luaanj “taapj theer”. Tacs phaamr “Giuwax hai thowif ddaij” nooir tieengs ddax dduwowcj Brzezinski xuaats banr vaof nawm 1970 nhawmf hoo haof thanhf laapj mootj heej thoongs tieenf teej quoocs tees mowis vaf chinhs phur thees giowis. Cuoons sachs nayf dduwowcj xem laf “thanhs kinh” cuar uyr ban ba been. Vaf lex dix nhieen thif quyx Rockefeller vaf quyx Ford ddeeuf “ungr hooj” mootj cachs haof phongf bawngf cachs noox luwcj hoox trowj veef taif chinhs cho hoatj ddoongj cuar uyr ban ba been. Thanhf vieen chur yeeus cuar uyr ban ddeeuf laf mootj soos oong chur ngaan hangf lowns, cacs oong chur doanh nghieepj lowns vaf car cacs chinhs khachs nooir tieengs ddeens tuwf Bawcs Myx, Taay Aau vaf Nhaatj Banr. Ba truj sowr chinhs dduwowcj ddawtj taij New York, Paris vaf Tokyo, mooix nowi ddeef xuaats nguwowif cuar nowi ddos lamf chur tichj. Chur tichj cow quan owr New York dduwowng nhieen laf D. Rockefeller, conf Brzezinski thif trowr thanhf chur nhieemj chaaps hanhf chur trif coong vieecj thuwowngf ngayf taij truj sowr nayf. Brzezinski ddax coos gawngs giowis thieeuj Carter – Thoongs ddoocs bang Georgia – vowis D. Rockefeller ddeer dduwowcj gia nhaapj vaof uyr ban ba been. Nhowf dduwowcj D. Rockefeller ddichs thaan ddeef cuwr neen Carter ddax dduwowcj ddawcj cachs tham gia vaof uyr ban ba been. Ddaay laf mootj buwowcs tieens lowns heets suwcs quan trongj maf Carter ddax ddi, ddeer nawm nawm sau oong ta cos theer buwowcs leen vux ddaif chinhs trij cuar Nhaf Trawngs, ddoongf thowif cungx laf cow sowr vaf ddaauf moois cho moois quan heej maatj thieets giuwax oong vaf Brzezinski. Thowif trer, duwowis suwj chir baor cuar Carroll Quigley, Clingon cungx ddax khoong nguwngf tham gia tichs cuwcj vaof cacs toor chuwcs nhuw uyr ban ba been vaf Hooij ddoongf quan heej quoocs tees ddeer cuoois cungf thuwcj hieenj dduwowcj giaacs mow lamf toongr thoongs cuar minhf. Cungx nhuw Caau lacj booj Bilderberg, uyr ban ba been laf toor chuwcs vongf ngoaif cur Hooij ddoongf quan heej quoocs tees Myx. Nhuwngx quyeets sachs cow maatj vaf quan trongj nhaats chir dduwowcj raats its nguwowif cuar phoos Wall vaf London dduwowcj bieets trong khi uyr

ban ba been vaf Caau lacj booj Bilderberg laij ddongs vai trof “thoongs nhaats tuw tuwowngr” vaf “quanr lys tieens ddooj”. Suws meenhj quan trongj nhaats cuar uyr ban ba been chinhs laf vieecj khoong nguwngf tuyeen truyeenf cho lys tuwowngr vix ddaij cuar “Chinhs phur thees giowis” vaf “tieenf teej thees giowis” ddeer cuoois cungf daanx ddeens “traatj tuwj thees giowis mowis” duwowis suwj kieemr soats cuar trujc London – phoos Wall. Nawm 1975, uyr ban ba been tieens hanhf hopj owr Nhaatj Banr, vaf trong mootj banr baos caos mang teen “Yeeus luwowcj lawpj laij thuwowng maij vaf taif chinhs thees giowis” ddax chir ra rawngf “vieecj howpj tacs maatj thieets ba been (Myx, Aau, Nhaatj) laf nhawmf duy trif baor veej hoaf binhf, quanr lys kinh tees thees giowis, thucs ddaayr phats trieenr kinh tees, vaf giamr ddois ngheof, tawng theem cow hooij hoaf binhf cho mootj heej thoongs thees giowis mowis”. Ddieemr khacs nhau giwuax uyr ban ba been vowis caau lacj booj Bilderberg ddos laf uyr ban ba been ddax tieeps nhaanj raats nhieeuf nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf vaf cacs oong chur doanh nghieepj nooir tieengs cuar Nhaatj Banr mowis nooir trong neenf kinh tees dduwowng ddaij nhawmf mowr roongj neenf tangr cuar “tinh anh thees giowis”. Cacs oong chur ngaan hangf quoocs tees thuwaf hieeur dduwowcj taamf quan trongj cuar vieecj khoong nguwngf tieeps nhaanj cacs “nhaan taif” mowi ddoois vowis “suwj nghieepj vix ddaij” nhuw “chinhs phur thees giowis”, “ tieenf teej thees giowis’ vaf “thu thuees thees giowis” trong tuwowng lai. Vif thees, cungf vowis suwj phats trieenr cuar cacs quoocs gia vaf cacs khu vuwcj khacs owr chaau As, nhuwngx “phaanf tuwr tinh anh” cuar cacs khu vuwcj nayf cungx tror thanhf ddoois tuwowngj dduwowcj cacs oong chur ngaan hangf quoocs tees ddeer mawts towis. Roots cuoocj, vaans ddeef khoong phair af mootj “Chinhs phur thees giowis” cos toots hay khong, maf laf ai sex laf nguwowif lanhx ddaoj “Chinhs phur thees giowis nayf”? Nos cos theer thuwcj hieenj mootj cachs chaan chinhs ddeer dduwa suwj giauf cos vaf tieens booj xax hooij ddeens vowis moij nguwowif treen thees giowis hay khoong? Bowir tuwf thuwcj tees xax hooij hown 200 nawm qua, chungs ta ddeeuf cos theer thaays rawngf haauf nhuw chuwa ai cos theer tin vaof suwj huwas henj cuar “cacs nhaan vaatj tinh anh” nayf.

Trair qua bao chieens tranh loanj lacj vaf kinh tees suy thoais,cuoois cungf nguwowif daan cungx ddax ruts ra dduwowcj mootj chaan lys: khoong cos tuwj do kinh tees thif tuwj do chinhs trij cungx chir laf thuws voo gias trij; - khoong cos binhf ddawngr kinh tees thif chees ddooj daan chur cungx xem nhuw caay maats goocs vaf trowr thanhf coong cuj mawcj suwcs cho ddoongf tieenf dduaf giownx. Conf neeus nois banr chaats cuar tuwj do chinhs laf nguwowif daan cos ddaayf ddur quyeenf luwaj chonj, thif con dduwowngf cuar “Chinhs phur thees giowis” trong tuwowng lai cungx chir cos mootj vaf cacs nhaan vaatj “tinh anh thees giowis” chinhs laf nhuwngx nguwowif chonj luwaj con dduwowngf nayf cho daan chugns. Vaf theo nhuw lowif cuar oong chur ngaan hangf James Warburg, con trai cuar Paul Warburg thif: “Chungs ta caanf phair xaay duwngj mootj chinhs phur thees giowis baats keer nguwowif ta cos thichs nos hay khong. Chir cos motj vaans ddeef duy nhaats laf chinhs phur thees giowis nayf roots cuoocj cungx sex dduwowcj thieets laapj neen tuwf nhaanj thuwcs chung (cuar hoaf binhf) hay laf suwj chinh phucj (cuar uy luwcj)”.

Phaanf VIICUOOCJ CHIEENS TRANH CUOOIS CUNGF CUAR DDOONGF TIEENF DDICHS THUWCJ

Lichj suwr ddax chuwngs minh rawngf, ngaan hangf – nhuwngx ker cho vay – sex dungf taats car moij thur ddoanj, tuwf vieecj lamj dungj quyeenf luwcj, muwu kees, luwaf doois vaf baoj luwcj ddeer ddamr baor suwj khoongs chees cuar hoj ddoois vowis tieenf teej vaf phats hanhf tieenf teej. James Madison, toongr thoongs thuws tuw cuar Hoa Kyf. Trong lichj suwr thees giowis hieenj ddaij, chuwa cos mootj suwj kieenj naof chaf ddapj neenf chinhs trij daan chur mootj cachs trawngs trownj vaf looj lieeux nhuw vuj ams sats toongr thoongs Kennedy.

Trong thowif gian ngawns nguir tuwf khi Kennedy bij ams sats, 18 nhaan chuwngs quan trongj laanf luwowtj giax tuwf cuoocj soongs, trong ddos 6 nguwowif bij bawns cheets, 3 nguwowif tuwr vong trong tai nanj giao thoong, 2 nguwowif tuwj sats, 1 nguwowif bij cawts coor, 1 nguwowif bij vawnj gayx coor, 5 nguwowif ddootj tuwr. Mootj nhaf toans hocj nguwowif Anh ddax vieets treen towf Sunday Times rawngf, xacs suaats cuar nhuwngx vieecj trung howpj nayf laf raats thaaps. Tuwf nawm 1963 ddeens nawm 1993, 115 nhaan chuwngs quan trongj hoacj tuwj sats hoawcj bij muwu sats mootj cachs ly kyf. Suwj phoois howpj vaf toor chuwcs vuj vieecj vowis quy moo lowns, vieecj thur tieeu chuwngs cuws vaf nhaan chuwngs rox rangf cho thaays chuyeenj Kennedy bij ams sats khoong conf laf mootj cuoocj muwu sats bis maatj maf ddax trowr thanhf mootj cuoocj hanhf quyeets coong khai. Mootj cuoocj dawnf mawtj cacs toongr thoongs Myx cho thaays rox ai laf nguwowif chur thuwcj suwj cuar nuwowcs Myx? Thoong thuwowngf, neeus nhuw mootj toongr thoongs Myx tuwf traanf trong thowif gian taij nhieemj, “duw luaanj “ sex cho rawngf ddos laf cais cheets “tuwj nhieen”. Neeus toongr thoongs bij gieets truwowcs mawts coong chungs, “duw luaanj” sex cho rawngf “hung thur laf mootj teen taam thaanf”. Neeus cos dduwowcj vaif hung thur chiuj ans, thif “duw luaanj” sex cho rangf “cacs hung thur laf nhuwngx teen taam thaanf chawngr quen bieets nhau. Neeus cos ai tor ys nghi ngowf thif nguwowif ddos sex bij cuwowif chee laf “ker theo thuyeets aam muwu”. Chir cos ddieeuf, aam muwu ams sats toongr thoongs Kennedy quas looj lieeux, vaf chir caanf cos tris luwcj binhf thuwowngf thif baats cuws ai cungx sex chawngr theer tin nooir vaof keets luaanj cuar cow quan chuwcs nawng. Trong tinhf huoongs nayf, vieecj coos ys daanx dawts vaf ddanhs lacj huwowngs duw luaanj chinhs laf cachs thuwcs toots nhaats. Vaayj laf hown 40 nawm nay, cacs giar thuyeets aam muwu khoong nguwngf dduwowcj theeu deetj neen, conf aam muwu thuwcj suwj thif ddax dduwowcj che giaaus kins nhuw buwng. Thuws maf hinhf suwj hocj nghieen cuwus laf chuwngs cuws, khoong cos chuwngs cuws thif khoong theer ruts ra keets luaanj. Trong hown 40 nawm nay, taats car nhaan chuwngs vaf cacs chuwngs cuws cos lieen quan ddeens cais cheets cuar Kennedy ddeeuf bij bitj kins, nguwowif ta

sex maix maix khoong theer cos dduwowcj chuwngs cuws chinhs xacs ddeer xacs ddinhj roots cuoocj ai laf hung thur thuwcj suwj. Nhuwng taam lys hocj tooij phamj laij cos theer xuaats phats tuwf mootj gocs ddooj khacs – nghieen cuwus ddoongj cow gaay ans – tuwf ddos maf khai thoong bees tawcs ddeer timf ra chaan tuwowngs vuj vieecj. Chuwowng nayf sex bawts ddaauf tuwf vieecj nghieen cuwus ddoongj cow gaay ans trong vuj Kennedy, bocs traanf mootj loatj cacs suwj kieenj lichj suwr kinh hoangf cuar nhuwngx nawm 60, 70 cuar thees kyr 20 dduwowcj cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf quoocs tees taoj neen vif muoons xoas bor hai loaij tieenf teej thaatj laf vangf vaf bacj treen phamj vi toanf thees giowis.

1. Sawcs leenhj Toongr thoongs soos 11110: Giaays chuwngs tuwr cuar Kennedy

Ddoois vowis nguwowif daan Myx, ngayf 22 thangs 11 nawm 1963 laf mootj ngayf khoong binhf thuwowngf: Toongr thoongs Kennedy bij ams sats taij phoos Dalas bang Texas. Tin duwx loan ddi, toanf nuwowcs Myx rowi vaof nooix kinh haix vaf bi thuwowng. Maays chucj nawm sau, khi nhawcs ddeens thowif khawcs nayf, raats nhieeuf nguwowif vaanx conf nhows chinhs xacs minhf ddax lamf gif khi ddos. Roots cuoocj ai laf ker ams sats toongr thoongs? Taij sao ker ddos laij ams sats toongr thoongs? Caau hoir ddos cho ddeens nay vaanx laf ddieeuf bis maatj dduwowcj moij nguwowif banf tans. Keets luaanj cuoois cungf cuar uyr ban Warren thuoocj chinhs phur Myx cho rawngf, ddaay laf mootj vuj ans ddown ddoocj cuar mootj teen hung thur cos teen laf Oswald, nhuwng nhuwngx ddieemr nghi vaans cuar vuj ans nayf quar thuwcj laf raats nhieeuf, vaf cho ddeens ngayf nay, trong xax hooij vaanx luwu truyeenf nhieeuf giar thuyeets veef aam muwu ams sats toongr thoongs. Trong soos cacs giar thuyeets nayf, ddieemr nghi ngowf rox rangf nhaats laf hung thur ddax thoats khoir suwj truy dduooir cuar canhr sats trong 48 giowf vaf ddax bij mootj teen sats thur goocs Do Thais khacs bawns cheets owr cuwj ly gaanf truwowcs suwj chuwngs kieens cuar coong chungs. Hangf trieeuj nguwowif ddax chuwngs kieens toanf booj quas trinhf muwu sats qua truyeenf hinhf, vaf ddoongj cow cuar teen hung thur

nayf laf “muoons theer hieenj longf can ddamr cuar nguwowif Do Thais truwowcs toanf thees giowis”. Mootj ddieemr nghi vaans raats lowns khacs laf, roots cuoocj ddax cos bao nhieeu nguwowif tham gia vuj muwu sats toongr thoongs Kennedy? Keets luaanj cuar uyr ban Warren laf trong thowif gian 5-6 giaa, sats thur bawns lieen tieeps 3 phats ddanj, trong ddos 1 phats treechj mucj tieeu, phats tieeps trungs coor vaf phats cuoois cungf trungs ddaauf nanj nhaan. Chawngr ai tin dduwowcj teen hung thur laij cos theer bawns chinhs xacs trong thowif gian ngawns nhuw vaayj, ddieeuf kyf laj hown laf vieen ddanj bawns trungs coor toongr thoongs laij tieeps tucj xuyeen vaof vij thoongs ddoocs bang ngooif phias truwowcs toongr thoongs, maf tyr leej nayf haauf nhuw laf bawngf khoong, cho neen nguwowif ta goij ddos laf “phats ddanj thaanf kyf”. Raats nhieeuf chuyeen gia tin rawngf, its nhaats khoong chir cos mootj nguwowif bawns toongr thoongs tuwf mootj huwowngs, vaf soos laanf bawns khoong chir duwngf owr ba phats ddanj. Theo hooif uwcs cuar mootj canhs sats lais xe baor veej Toongr thoongs Kenneddy thif “Khi toongr thoongs ddang bawts tay nhuwngx nguwowif daan chaof ddons oong owr phi truwowngf, mootj ddawcj vuj cuar Phos toongr thoongs Johnson buwowcs ddeens ra leenhj cho chungs tooi rawngf toongr thoongs ddax thay ddooir looj trinhf khi sawps vaof quangr truwowngf Deli. Neeus nhuw looj trinhf ban ddaauf dduwowcj giuwx nguyeen thif sats thur cos theer khoong cos cow hooij ra tay. Hoj conf dduwa ra cho chungs tooi mootj meenhj leenhj chuwa tuwngf nghe thaays, vif trong tinhf huoongs thoong thuwowngf, boons chieecs moo too hooj toongs cuar chungs tooi phair theo sats boons phias xe cuar toongr thoongs, nhuwng laanf nayf, hoj ra leenhj cho taats car chungs tooi chayj theo phias sau xe, trong baats cuws tinhf huoongs naof cungx khoong dduwowcj vuwowtj qua banhs sau xe cuar xe Toongr thoongs ddang ngooif. Hoj nois rawngf, sowr dix phair lamf nhuw vaayj laf ddeer cho “taamf nhinf cuar moij nguwowif khoong bij che khuaats”….Mootj nguwowif banj khacs cuar tooi (laf veej six cuar Phos toongr thoongs Johnson) keer rawngf, trong khoangr 30 hay 40 giaay truwowcs khi nghe thaays phats ddanj thuws nhaats, Johnson ddax khom nguwowif xuoongs

trong xe, thaamj chis truwowcs khi ddoanf xe rex sang ddaij looj Houston. Cos theer oong ta ddang timf gif ddos treen thamr lots xe, nhuwng cos ver oong ta ddax duwj camr dduwowcj sex cos vieen ddanj bay qua vaayj? Xuoongs phi truwowngf Washington treen mootj chuyeen cow, ddeej nhaats phu nhaan Jacqueline vaanx mawcj chieecs aos choangf thaams ddaamx maus cuar Kennedy. Baf tor ra kieen trif nhuw vaayj chinhs laf ddeer cho “lux gieets nguwowif” thaays dduwowcj tooij acs maf chungs “phamj phair”. Teen hung thur Oswald lucs nayf vaanx bij canhr sats giam giuwx. “Chungs” maf Jacqueline nois ddeens owr ddaay laf nhuwngx ai? Trong di chucs cuar minhf, Jacqueline ddax nois rawngf, trong vongf 50 nawm sau khi baf qua ddowif (ngayf 19 thangs 5 nawm 2044), neeus dduwas con trai uts cuar baf taj thees, baf sex uyr quyeenf cho thuw vieenj Kennedy coong boos mootj phaanf 500 trang taif lieej lieen quan ddeens Kennedy. Ddieeuf khieens baf khoong theer ngowf dduwowcj rawngf, dduwas con trai uts cuar baf ddax maats mangj trong mootj tai nanj mays bay nawm 1999. Nawm 1968, Robert Kennedy – em trai cuar Toongr thoongs Kennedy, nguwowif giuwx vai trof quan trongj trong vieecj vaanj ddoongj daan quyeenf – ngay sau khi dduwowcj ddeef batj vaof vij tris uwngs cuwr vieen toongr thoongs cuar ddangr Daan chur, gaanf nhuw nawms chawcs cow hooij thawngs lowij, trong buooir tieecj muwngf thawgns lowij, baats ngowf trungs ddanj lacj vaf cheets ngay giuwax ddaij sanhr. Trong khoangr thowif gian ngawns nguir sau khi toongr thoongs Kennedy bij ams sats, 18 nhaan chuwngs quan trongj laanf luwowtj tuwr vong, trong soos ddos cos 6 nguwowif bij bawns chees, 3 nguwowif cheets vif tai nanj xe howi, 2 nguwowif tuwj sats, 1 nguwowif bij cawts coor, 1 nguwowif bij vawn gayx coor, 5 nguwowif ddootj tuwr. Trong baif vieets ddawng treen towf Sunday Times thangs 2 nawm 1967, nhaf toans hocj nguwowif Anh ddax nois rawngf, kieeur xacs xuaats trungf howpj ngaaux nhieen nayf laf 1phaanf 100 trieeuj tyr. Tuwf nawm 1963 ddeens nawm 1993, 115 nhaan chuwngs lieen quan ddeens cacs vuj vieecj ly kyf ddax tuwj sats hoawcj bij muwu sats 121 vaanx conf raats nhieeuf taif lieeuj,

hoof sow nhaan chuwngs dduwowcj uyr ban Warren giuwx kins khieens nguwowif ta sinh nghi vaf theo luaatj thif maix ddeens nawm 2039 mowis dduwowcj coong boos. Ddaay laf nhuwngx taif lieeuj lieen quan ddeens toor chuwcs CIA, FBI, chuyeen vieen baor veej toongr thoongs. Cucj an ninh quoocs gia (NSA), Booj ngoaij giao, nhuwngx nhaan vaatj chops bu cuar nganhf hair quaan lucj chieens. Ngoair ra, FBI vaf cacs toor chuwcs chinhs phur khacs cungx bij nghi ngowf cos dinhs lius ddeens vieecj huyr hoaij chuwngs cuws. Tinhs ddeens nawm 2003, tuwcs laf 40 nawm sau ngayf Kennedy bij ams sats, hangx truyeenf thoong ABC cuar Myx ddax thuwcj hieenj mootj cuoocj ddieeuf tra ddoocj laapj, 70% nguwowif daan Myx cho rawngf vieecj ams sats toongr thoongs Kennedy laf mootj aam muwu cos quy moo lowns. Vieecj ddieeuf phoois vaf toor chuwcs ams sats cos quy moo lowns nhuw vaayj, vieecj ems nhj chuwngs cuws vaf nhaan chuwngs cho thaays rox rawngf, suwj kieens ams sats toongr thoongs Kennedy ddax khoong conf laf mootj cuoocj muwu sats bis maatj nuwax, maf gioongs nhuw mootj cuoocj hanhf quyeets coong khai nhieeuf hown nhawmf dawnf mawtj cacs toongr thoongs Myx vowis mootj thoong ddieepj: cacs vij toongr thoongs caanf phair bieets rawngf ai mowis laf chuas teer thuwcj suwj cuar ddaats nuwowcs nayf. Vaans ddeef laf, gia toocj Kennedy cungx laf dongf hoj thaan thuoocj cuar cacs taapj ddoanf ngaan hangf quoocs tees. Joseph Kennedy – cha cuar Kennedy – chinhs laf mootj ddaij gia phats taif trong cuoocj khungr hoangr taif chinhs nawm 1929, sau nayf dduwowcj toongr thoongs Roosevelt boor nhieemj vaof chuwcs vuj Chur tichj uyr ban Giao dichj chuwngs khoans (SEC) Myx. Truwowcs ddos, trong thaapj nieen 40, Joseph Kennesy ddax dduwowcj xeeps vaof hangf ngux nhuwngx nguwowif giauf nhaats nuwowcs Myx. Neeus khoong phair laf con trai cuar mootj ddaij gia giauf cos nhuw vaayj, Kennddy khos cos theer trowr thanhf toongr thoongs theo tins nguwowngx Thieen Chuas giaos ddaauf tieen trong lichj suwr Hoa Kyf. Vaayj Kennedy ddax lamf gif neen tooij vowis taangf lowps uwu tus thoongs trij kia ddeer ddeens nooix bij gieets haij dax man nhuw thees? Kennedy laf mootj nhaan vaatj taif nawng vowis hoaif baox lown. Oong ddax ngooif vaof ghees toongr thoongs khi tuooir ddowif conf raats tre.

Trong cuoocj khungr hoangr ddanj ddaoj owr Cuba, oong ddax bieeur looj suwj kieen ddinh, thais ddooij duwts khoats rox rang, thaamj chis oong tor thais ddooj sawnx sangf ddoois mawtj vowis nguy cow bungf noor chieens tranh hatj nhaan vowis Lieen Xo. Cuoois cungf, Kennedy ddax buoocj Nikita Sergeiveich Khrusev – phair nhuwowngj booj. Kennedy conf tichs cuwcj thucs ddaayr kees hoachj chinh phucj khoong gian cuar Myx vaf bieens uwowcs mow nayf trowr thanhf quoocs gia ddaauf tieen dduwa nguwowif leen mawtj trawng. Cho duf khoong theer taanj mawts chuwngs kieens thowif khawcs vix ddaij ddos, nhuwng Kennedy cos mootj suwcs looi cuoons thaanf kyf vaf nos ddoongf hanhf cungf taats car daan chungs Myx trong toanf booj kees hoachj. Owr phuwowng dieenj vaanj ddoongj thucs ddaayr daan quyeenf, gia toocj Kennedy ddax cos coong suwcs ddongs gops raats lowns. Nawm 1962, mootj sinh vieen da dden muoons ddawng kys vaof truwowngf ddaij hocj Mississippi vaf gaay neen suwj phanr ddoois kichj lieetj cuar nguwowif da trawngs. Lucs nayf taats car moij anhs mawts cuar daan Myx ddeeuf ddoor doonf vaof toongr thoongs Kennedy. Hoj muoons chuwngs kieens cachs thuwcs maf toongr thoongs giair quyeets maau thuaanx nayr ra sao. Toongr thoongs Kennedy ddax ra leenhj ddieeuf ddoongj 400 nhaan vieen chaaps phaps lieen bang vaf ddooij canhr sats 3.000 nguwowif ddeer hooj toongs nguwowif sinh vieen da dden nayf ddeens truwowngf hocj. Hanhf ddoongj nayf ddax lamf chaans ddoongj car xax hooij Myx vaf ngay laapj tuwcs, Kennedy nhaanj dduwowcj suwj meens mooj cuar nguwowif daan. Duwowis suwj hieeuj trieeuj cuar oong, cacs thanh nieen Myx ddax noo nuwcs tham gia ddooij quaan hoaf binhf, tinhf nguyeenj ddi ddeens cacs nuwowcs thuoocj thees giowis thuws ba ddeer hoox trowj phats trieenr giaos ducj, y tees vaf noong nghieepj. Trong thowif gian ba nawm nawms quyeenf ngawns nguir, toongr thoongs Kennedy ddax taoj neen nhuwngx ddieeuf kyf dieeuj trong xax hooij. Vowis hoaif baox lowns vaf ys chis quyeets ddoans coongj theem suwj meens mooj cuar nguwowif daan Myx cungx nhuw suwj kinhs trongj cuar cacs nuwowcs treen thees giowis, khoong lex Kennedy laij chiuj lamf mootj nhaan vaatj buf nhinf?

Mootj khi muoons thuwcj hieenj nhuwngx ddieeuf toots ddepj cho xax hooij vaf nhaan daan, chawcs chawns Kennedy sex buoocj phair ddoois ddaauf vowis nhuwngx ker thoongs trij hungf manhj voo hinhf sau luwng. Khi maau thuaanx veef quyeenf phats hanhf tieenf teej ddeens ddinhr ddieemr thif cos lex Kennedy cungx khoong theer bieets rawngf, vaanj dden cuar oong ddax ddeens. Ngayr 4 thangs 6 nawm 1963, Kennedy ddax kys sawcs leenhj soos 11110 cho pheps Booj taif chinhs Myx dungf bacj trawngs duwowis baats hinhf thuwcs naof, bao goomf, bacj thoir, ddoongf tieenf bacj vaf USD bawngf bacj ddeer lamf cow sowr phats hanhf “chuwngs chir bacj trawngs” (Silver Certificate) vaf laapj tuwcs dduwa vaof heej thoongs luwu thoong tieenf teej treen thij truwownf Ys ddoof cuar Kennedy heets suwcs rox rangf: danhf laij quyeenf phats hanhf tieenf teej tuwf tay Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx do cacs ngaan hangf trung uwowng tuw huwux chi phoois. Neeus kees hoachj nayf dduwowcj thuwcj thi thif chinhs phur Myx sex tuwngf buwowcs thoats khoir canhr “vay tieenf” cuar Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx vowis muwcs laix suaats cao ngaats nguwowngr. Nhuw vaayj, ddoongf tieenf dduwowcj ddamr baor bawngf bacj trawngs khoong phair laf tieenf nowj maf laf “tieenf thuwcj” – thanhf quar lao ddoongj cuar daan chungs taoj neen. Suwj luwu thoong cuar “chuwngs chir bacj trawngs” sex tuwngf buwowcs lamf suy giamr dongf luwu thoong cuar “ddoongf dollar” do Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang phats hanhf, vaf raats cos theer sex khieens cho ngaan hangf Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang phas sanr. Neeus maats ddi quyeenf khoongs chees phats hanhf tieenf teej, cacs nhaf ngaan hangf quoocs tees sex maats ddi phaanf lowns suwcs anhr huwowngr ddoois vowis cuar cair cuar ddaats nuwowcs nayf. Ddaay laf vaans ddeef cow banr cuar vieecj soongs cheets toonf vong. Neeus muoons lamf rox lys do vaf ys nghiax cuar sawcs leenhj toongr thoogns soos 11110, chungs ta caanf phair timf hieeur veef lichj suwr thawng traamf cuar ddoongf USD.

2. Ddinhj vij lichj suwr cuar ddoongf dollar bacj trawngs owr Myx.

Theo ddaoj luaatj veef tieenf dducs nawm 1792 (Coinage Act of 1792), bacj trawngs trowr thanhf loaij tieenf teej howpj phaps taij Myx.

Mootj dollar Myx bawngf bacj chuwas 24,1 gam bacj trawngs nguyeen chaats, tyr gias giuwax vangf vaf bacj laf 1: 15. Vowis tuw cachs laf thuwowcs ddo tieeu chuaanr ddaauf tieen cow banr nhaats cuar tieenf teej Myx, ddoongf dollar dduwowcj xaay duwngj treen neenf tangr cuar bacj trawngs. Keer tuwf ddos trowr veef sau, trong suoots mootj thowif gian daif, nuwowcs Myx ddax duy trif chees ddooj song hanhf giuwax tieenf vangf vaf tieenf bacj (4) (4) Ddaoj luaatj veef tieenf dducs 1792). Ddeens thangs 2 nawm 1873, duwowis aps luwcj cuar gia toocj Rothschild owr chaau Aau, toongr thoongs Myx ban hanhf “Ddaoj luaatj tieenf dducs nawm 1873” (5) (Ddaoj luaatj veef tieenf dducs 1873), theo ddos, chees ddooj dungf bacj trawngs lamf tieenf teej bij huyr bor, chees ddooj banr vij vangf laf chees ddooj tieenf teej duy nhaats dduwowcj thuwcj thi lucs nayf. Do nawms giuwx phaanf lowns cacs mor vangf vaf nguoonf cung uwngs vangf treen thees giowis, neen treen thuwcj tees, gia toocj Rothschild ddax khoong chees dduwowcj nguoonf cung uwngs tieenf teej cuar car chaau Aau. Cacs mor bacj trawngs nawmf rair racs hown so vowis cacs mor vangf, sanr luwowngj vaf luwowngj cung uwngs bacj cungx nhieeuf hown neen vieecj khoongs chees cacs mor bacj nayf cungx khos khawn hown. Vif vaayj, trong khoangr nawm 1873, dongf hoj Rothschild ddax nhieeuf laanf timf cachs eps cacs quoocs gia chaau Aau xoas bor chees ddooj dungf bacj lamf tieenf teej vaf thuwcj thi chees ddooj banr vij vangf. Ddaoj luaatj nayf ddax gaay ra suwj phanr ddoois quyeets lieetj cuar cacs bang sanr xuaats bacj taij mieenf taay nuwowcs Myx. Cacs nhaf sanr xuaats bacj goij ddaoj luaatj nayf alf “Tooij cacs nawm 1873” (Crime of 1873) vaf sau ddos toor chuwcs cuoocj vaanj ddoongj daan chungs ddeer ungr hooj bacj trawngs raats quyeets lieetj vaf raamf rooj. Ddeer lamf diuj suwj phaanx nooj cuar cacs nhaf sarr xuaats bacj cungx nhuw laays laij suwcs anhr huwowngr cuar cacs nhaf ngaan hangf nups bongs giowis taif phieetj chaau Aau, Quoocs hooij Myx ddax thoong qua “Ddaoj luaatj Bland – Allison nawm 1878 (6) (Ddaoj luaatj Bland-allison 1878), yeeu caauf Booj taif chinhs Myx mooix thangs phair mua vaof mootj luwowngj bacj trij gias tuwf 2 ddeens 4 trieeuj dollar, thieets laapj tyr gias giuwax vangf vaf bacj laf 1: 16. Tieenf bacj vaf tieenf vangf cos ddaayf ddur hieeuj luwcj phaps lys nhuw nhau, cos theer dungf ddeer chi

trar cho cacs khoanr nowj. Gioongs nhuw “chuwngs chir vangf”, Booj taif chinhs cungx ddoongf thowif phats hanhf “chuwngs chir bacj”. Ddeer thuaanj tieenj cho luwu thoong, “chuwngs chir bacj” 1 dollar cos gias trij tuwowng dduwowng vowis towf mootj dollar Myx. Sau nayf, “Ddaoj luaatj Bland – Allison nawm 1878” bij “Ddaoj luaatj mua bacj trawngs cuar Sherman nawm 1890” (7) (Ddaoj luaatj mua bans bacj Sherman 1890) thay thees. Ddaoj luaatj mowis tawng theem luwowngj bacj trawngs maf Booj taif chinhs caanf mua vaof vowis soos luwowngj laf 4, 5 trieeuj ounce. Keer tuwf khi Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx thanhf laapj nawm 1913, towf giaays bacj cuar Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang (Federal Reserve Note) bawts ddaauf dduwowcj phats hanhf vaf cos gias trij nhuw tieenf teej chinhs thuwcs cho ddeens khi cuoocj khungr hoangr xayr ra vaof nawm 1929. Ddeens nawm 1933, towf giaays bacj duwj truwx lieen bang nayf vaanx cos theer dduwowcj hoans ddooir ngang gias trij vowis vangf. Nawm 1933, trong linhx vuwcj luwu thoong tieenf teej conf cos “Chuwngs chir vangf” vaf “Giaays bacj Nhaf nuwowcs Hoa Kyf” (United States Note). “Giaays bacj nhaf nuwowcs Hoa Kyf” chinhs laf loaij tieenf teej howpj phaps ddaauf tieen cuar Myx dduwowcj Lincoln phats hanhf trong thowif kyf nooij chieens, tuwcs laf “Tieenf xanh Lincoln”. Toongr luwowngj phats hanhf cuar loaij tieenf nayf bij hanj ddinhj trong khoangr 346.681.016 dollar Myx. Nawm 1960, nos chir chieems 1% toongr luwowngj luwu thoong tieenf teej cuar Myx. Ngoaif boons loaij tieenf teej chur yeeus keer treen, treen thij truwowngf tieenf teej Hoa Kyf conf cos suwj hieenj dieenj cuar mootj hinhf thuwcs tieenf teej khacs vowis soos luwowngj khoong ddangs keer. Nawm 1933, sau khi Roosevelt phees bor chees ddooj banr vij vangf vaf tuyeen boos vieecj tichs truwx vangf vowis soos luwowngj lowns laf phi phaps, chuwngs chir vangf laapj tuwcs bij ddaayr ra khoir dongf luwu thoong tieenf teej. Nhuw vaayj, treen thij truwowngf tieenf teej chir conf laij “giaays bacj cuar Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang”, “Chuwngs chir bacj trawngs” vaf “Giaays bacj nhaf nuwowcs Hoa Kyf”. Do khoong ddur vaf cos giowis hanj trong phats hanhf neen “Giaays bacj nhaf nuwowcs Hoa

Kyf” khoong bij cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf quoocs tees lieetj vaof dangj tieenf teej nguy hieemr. Tuy nhieen, ddoois vowis cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf quoocs tees thif “chuwngs chir bacj trawngs” phieenf phuwcs hown nhieeuf. Do bij phaps luaatj quy ddinhj phair mua bacj hangf nawm, ddeens thaapj nieen 30, Booj taif chinhs Myx ddax cos mootj luwowngj bacj trawngs leen towis hown 6 tyr ounce, toongr luwowngj duwj truwx leen gaanf ddeens 200 nghinf taans. Theem vaof ddos, cacs mor khai thacs bacj trawngs phaan boos roongj khawps thees giowis, luwowngj khai thacs cungx khar quan hown, neeus nhuw vieecj tieenf teej hoas toanf booj “chuwngs chir bacj trawngs” do Booj taif chinhs Myx truwcj tieeps phats hanhf thif tinhf thees awts sex trowr thanhf cown acs moongj lowns ddoois vowis cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf quoocs tees. Nawm 1933, sau khi Roosevelt giups cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf quoocs tees huyr bor chees ddooj banr vij vangf, thuwcj tees luwu thoong tieenf teej cuar Myx ddax nawmf duwowis suwj kieemr soats cuar chees ddooj “banr vij bacj”. Lucs nayf, ba loaij tieenf teej chur yeeus ddeeuf cos theer tuwj do hoans ddooir thanhf bacj tawngs. Neeus khoong huyr bor chees ddooj dungf bacj trawngs ddeer baor damr cho tieenf teej, suwj nghieepj “tieenf teej gias rer” vaf “thaam hutj taif chinhs” sex gawpj phair raof canr nghieem trongj. Vaf nhuw vaayj, kees hoachj maf cacs nhaf ngaan hangf quoocs tees hawngf mow uwowcs theo dduooir – thoong qua coong cuj taif chinhs taoj ra nanj lamj phats tieenf teej ddeer tuwowcs ddoatj cuar cair cuar nhaan daan – cos conf hieenj thuwcj hay khoong? Vowis trachs nhieemj nawngj neef trong vieecj thucs ddaayr cuoocj chieens tranh thees giowis laanf thuws hai trong khi nguoonf taif chinhs thaam hutj treen quy moo lowns coongj theem nhuwngx khoanr chi khoongr loof ddeer tais thieets neenf kinh tees chaau Aau sau chieens tranh cungx nhuw vieecs sa laayf trong cuoocj chieens tranh Trieeuf Tieen hay chieens tranh Vieetj Nam, Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx ddax phats hanhf coong trais vowis quy moo lonws. Tuy nhieen, ddoongj thais nayf ddax bij phats giacs. Bawts ddaauf tuwf thaapj nieen 40, nguwowif daan Myx khoong nguwngf chuyeenr ddooir tieenf giaays thanhf tieenf bacj vaf bacj thoir nguyeen chaats khieens cho luwowngj

duwj truwx bacj trawngs khoongr loof cuar Booj taif chinhs giamr xuoongs nghieem trongj. Nhu caauf ddoois vowis bacj trawngs trong coong nghieepj ddieenj tuwr vaf coong nghieepj hangf khoong vux truj bawts ddaauf phats trieenr manhj mex vaof nhuwngx nawm 50 ddax tawng leen nhanh chongs khieens cho tinhf hinhf theem cawng thawngr. Ddeens ddaauf thaapj nieen 60, khi Kennedy leen nhaanj chuwcs, luwowngj duwj truwx bacj trawngs cuar Booj taif chinhs ddax giamr xuoongs 1,9 tyr ounce. Ddoongf thowif, gias bacj treen thij truwowngf cungx ddootj ngootj tawng manhj, mootj ddoongf tieenf bacj cos gias trij tuwowng dduwowng mootj dollar truwowcs ddaaay giowf tawng leen 1,29 dollar. Ngay sau khi “chuwngs chir bacj trawngs” dduwowcj hoans ddooir thanhf bacj, “ chuwngs chir bacj trawngs” cungx tuwj nhieen bij loaij bor khoir dongf luwu thoong tieenf teej. Nhuw vaayj, hieeuj uwngs cuar quy luaatj Gresham “tieenf xaaus ddaayr luif tieenf toots” ddax hieenj rox. Phaps leenj 11110 cuar Kennedy ddax ra ddowif trong boois canhr nhuw vaayj. Vieecj baor veej bacj trawngs vaf phees bor chees ddooj dungf bacj trawngs baor ddamr cho tieenf teej ddax trowr thanhf tieeu ddieemr ddaays tranh giuwax Kennedy vaf cacs nhaf ngaan hangf quoocs tees.

3. Suwj keets thucs cuar chees ddooj banr vij bacj. Vieecj huyr bor trieetj ddeer chees ddooj dungf vangf ddeer baor damr tieenf teej ddax nawmf trong kees hoachj toongr theer cuar cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf quoocs tees. Tuy nieen, vieecj giair quyeets vaans ddeef bacj trawngs laij cos caaps ddooj uwu tieen cao hown. Treen thees giowis, truwx luwowngj taif nguyeen bacj dduwowcj cho laf phong phus. Mootj khi cacs nuwowcs treen thees giowis bawts ddaauf tham gia vaof vieecj thawm dof vaf khai thacs bacj treen quy moo lowns, mucj tieeu loaij bor chees ddooj dungf vangf ddeer baor ddamr tieenf teej sex khos dduwowcj thuwcj hieenj hown. Hown thees nuwax, nos sex taoj ra suwj maau thuaanx giuwax vangf vaf bacj. Mootj khi luwowngj cung uwngs bacj trawngs tawng manhj, “chuwngs chir bacj trawngs” raats cos theer sex hooif sinh vaf tranh chaaps vowis “giaays bacj cuar Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang”. Do chinhs phur Myx

nawms giuwx quyeenf phats hanhf “chuwngs chir bacj trawngs” neen mootj khi phieeus nayf chieems uwu thees, suwj sinh toonf cuar Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang sex bij dde doaj. Vif vaayj, nhieemj vuj caaps bachs nhaats cuar cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf quoocs tees laf doocs heets khar nawng cos theer ddeer lamf giamr gias bacj. Mootj mawtj, ddieeuf nayf sex khieens cho nganhf khai thacs bacj treent hees giowis rowi vaof tinhf trangj loox voons hoawcj lowij nhuaanj kems, tuwf ddos lamf chaamj quas trinhf thawm dof vaf khai thacs cuar cacs mor bacj, lamf giamr luwowngj cung uwngs. Mawtj khacs, nos sex thucs ddaayr luwowngj bacj dungf trong coong nghieepj tawng leen do gias bacj cuwcj kyf rer matj, khieens cho vieecj nghieen cuwus vaf uwngs dungj thay thees vaatj lieeuj bacj trowr thanhf ddieeuf taats yeeu, tuwf ddos maf tieeu hao luwowngj bacj duwj truwx cuar Booj taif chinhs Myx vowis toocs ddooj nhanh nhats. Khi Booj taif chinhs khoong timf ddaau ra bacj trawngs, thif “chuwngs chir bacj trawngs” cungx tuwj nhieen khoong ddanhs maf hangf, vaf vieecj huyr bor chees ddooj dungf bacj trawngs ddeer ddamr baor tieenf teej cungx trowr neen hopwj logic. Ddieeuf maaus choots laf phair tranh thur thowif gian. Dduwowng nhieen, Kennedy bieets raats rox vieecj nayf. Mootj mawtj, oong ta tor thais ddooj sex nghix ddeens vieecj xoas bor chiees ddooj dungf bacj trawngs ddeer baor ddamr tieenf teej khi cos ddieeuf kieenj thichs howpj, mawtj khacs laij tinhs ddeens nhuwngx phuwowng ans khacs. Ddangs tieecs laf Booj truwowngr taif chinhs Douglas Dillon laij khoong phair laf nguwowif taam phucs cuar oong. Dillon xuaats thaan trong mootj gia ddinhf danh gia vongj toocj thuoocj nganhf ngaan hangf owr phoos Wall. Banr thaan oong laf nguwowif cuar Ddangr Coongj hoaf dduwowcj cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf quoocs tees caif vaof trong nooij cacs cuar Ddangr Daan chur duwowis thowif toongr thoongs Kennedy. Vowis quyeenf luwcj trong tay veef taif chinhs, Dillon heets longf giups ddowx cacs nhaf ngaan hangf quoocs tees. Sau khi Dillon leen nhaanj chuwcs, coong vieecj ddaauf tieen cuar oong laf lamf tieeu hao luwowngtj duwj truwx bacj trawngs cuar Booj taif chinhs vowis toocs ddooj nhanh nhaats cos theer. Quar nhieen, Dillon ddax khoong phuj longf mong moir cuar cacs nhaf taif phieetj, oong ddax

bans ddor bans thaos mootj luwowngj lowns bacj trawngs cho cacs nhaf suwr dungj coong nghieepj vowis gias sieeu rer 91 cen/ ounce. Hieepj hooij nguwowif tieeu dungf bacj trawngs Myx dduwowcj thanhf laapj nawm 1947 ddax phuj hoaj vowi Dillon, quyeets lieetj yeeu caauf “bans sachj luwowngj bacj conf toonf laij cuar Booj taif chinhs ddeer thoar manx nhu caauf cuar nguwowif tieeu dungf bacj trawngs (8) ( New York Times , soos ra16/10/1961). Ngayf 19 thangs 3 nawm 1961, towf New York Tims ddax dduwa tin thees nayf: Thuwowngj nghij six chir trichs Booj taif chinhs Myx trong vieecj bans thaos bacj trangsHoom nay, thuwowngj nghij six Lan Bible ddeef xuaats vowis Booj taif chinhs xem xets laij chinhs sachs bans thaos mootj luwowngj lowns bacj vowis gias thaaps hown gias thij truwowngf quoocs tees. Trong thuw guwir Booj truwowngr taif chinhs Douglas Dillon, vij nghij six Ddangr Daan chur ddax nois rawngf, vieecj phats hieenj vaf khai thacs mor bacj treen phamj vi nuwowcs Myx ddax thaaps hown nhu caauf tieeu dungf, maf hanhf vi bans phas gias cuar Booj taif chinhs laf khong hieenj thuwcj. Oong nois rawngf “chir ngay sau khi Booj taif chinhs giamr aps luwcj gias ddoois vowis thij truwowngf nooij ddiaj vaf cacs nuwowcs langs gieengf thif moij vieecj mowis dduwowcj giair quyeets”. Ngayf 19 thangs 8 nawm 1961, towf New York Times conf ddawng tair mootj tin tuwcs thees nayf: Hoom nay, 13 nghij six Ddangr Daan chur ddeens tuwf mieenf taay thuoocj cacs bang sanr xuaats bacj ddax trinhf mootj buwcs thuw leen toongr thoongs Kennedy. Trong thuw, cacs nhaf sanr xuaats bacj ddax yeeu caauf Booj taif chinhs laapj tuwcs ddinhf chir hanhf vi bans thaos bacj trawngs vowis gias rer matj. Hanhf vi bans thaos bacj cuar Booj taif chinsh ddax taoj ra suwj suy giamr gias bacj trawngs taij thij truwowngf trong nuwowcs vaf quoocs tees. Ngayf 16 thangs 10 nawm 1961, towf New York Times dduwa tin: Cacs nhaf tieeu dungf coong nghieepj bieets rawngf, hoj cos theer mua dduwowcj mootj ounce bacj vowis gias 91 ddeens 92 xu tuwf Booj taif

chinhs, vaf vif thees maf hoj ddax tuwf choois chi trar nhieeuf tieenf hown cho nganhf coong nghieepj khai thacs sanr xuaats bacj. Ngayf 29 thangs 11 nawm 1961, towf New York Times dduwa tin: Hoom qua, cacs nhaf sanr xuaats bacj ddax nhaanj dduwowcj mootj tin vui: Toongr thoongs Kennedy ddax ra leenhj cho Booj taif chinsh ddinhf chir vieecj bans thaos bacj trawngs cho giowis coong nghieepj. Cacs nhaf tieeu dungf coong nghieepj suwr dungj bacj trawngs ddax heets suwcs lo lawngs. Ngayf 30 thangs 11 nawm 1961, towf New York Times dduwa tin: Taij thij truwowngf New York, gias bacj ddax tawng leen ddeens muwcs cao nhaats trong vongf 41 nawm trowr laij ddaay. Hoom thuws ba, toongr thoongs Kennedy ddax tuyeen boos cair cachs toanf dieenj chinhs sachs bacj trawngs cuar chinhs phur Myx, theo ddos, thij truwowngf cos quyeenf quyeets ddinhj gias bacj. Buwowcs ddaauf tieen laf Booj taif chinhs ngay laapj tuwcs ddinhf chir vieecj bans thaos bacj (9) (Sachs ddax daanx, thangs Ba – Muwowif mootj 1961).Cuoois cungf, toongr thoongs Kennedy cungx ddax phair ra tay, tuy cos muoonj mootj chuts, vif luwowngj bacj cuar Booj taif chinhs lucs nayf chir conf laij chuwa ddeens 17 tyr ounce. Nhuwng phuwowng sachs quyeets ddoans cuar oong ddax phats ddi mootj tins hieeuj toots lanhf khieens cho cacs nhaf sanr xuaats bacj khawps nowi treen thees giowis haan hoan. Vowis suwj can thieepj cuar toongr Kennedy, sanr luwowngj bacj tawng leen vaf luwowngj toonf kho cuar Booj taif chinhs dduwowcj oonr ddinhj. Nhuwngx ddieeuf nayf giups cho coor phieeus cuar cacs coong ty bacj tawng votj. Hanhf ddoongj laanf nayf cuar Kennedy ddax phas vowx hoanf toanf muwu ddoof cuar cacs nhaf ngaan hangf quoocs tees. Thangs 4 nawm 1963, taij phieen ddieeuf traanf quoocs hooij, William J. Martin – Chur tichj Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx ddax phats bieeur rawngf: “Uyr ban Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx tin chawcs rangf khoong caanf phair suwr dungj bacj trawngs trong heej thoongs tieenf teej Myx. Cho duf khoong its nguwowif camr thaays vieecj ruts bacj ra khoir mootj phaanf heej thoongs tieenf teej cuar chungs ta cos theer sex gaay ra khar nawng maats gias tieenf teej, nhuwng tooi khoong ddoongf ys vowis quan ddieemr nayf (10) (Bản tin Cục Dự trữ Liên bang, 4/1963, tr. 469).

Theo quy luaatj thoong thuwowngf, ngay khi thij truwowngf bacj cos tins hieeuj tawng gias, nguwowif ta caanf its nhaats laf 5 nawm ddeer bawts ddaauf laij quas trinhf thawm dof, lawps ddawtj thieets bij khai thacs mowis nhawmf mowr roongj quy moo sanr xuaats, cuoois cungf laf naang cao chaats luwowngj cung uwngs. Cao ddieemr trong cuoocj ddaaus tranh giuwax Kennedy vaf cacs nhaf ngaan hangf quoocs tees chinhs laf heej thoongs dungf bacj ddeer ddamr baor vij thees tieenf. Mootj khi luwowngj cung uwngs bacj bawts ddaauf tawng trowr laij, Kennefy cos theer bawts tay vowis cacs xis nghieepj sanr xuaats bacj owr cacs bang mieenf Taaay nhawmf tawng theem luwowngj phats hanhf cuar “chuwngs chir bacj trawngs”, vaf “chuwngs chir bacj trawngs” chawcs chawns sex laij phats trieenr. Ddeens khi ddos, phaps leenhj soos 11110 do toongr thoongs Kennedy kys ngayf 4 thangs 6 nawm 1963 sex laapj tuwcs trowr thanhf vux khis lowij haij ddeer ddoois phos vowis “giaays bacj cuar Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang”. Ddieeuf ddangs tieecs laf, cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf quoocs tees cungx nhinf ra dduwowcj suwj danf xeeps cuar Kennedy. Vij toongr thoongs raats dduwowcj nhaan daan tins nhieemj nayf gaanf nhuw chawcs chawns sex tais ddawcs cuwr theem mootj nhieemj kyf nuwax trong cuoocj tranh cuwr cuoois nawm 1964. Neeus Kennedy ngooif owr chieecs ghees toongr thoongs theem mootj nhieemj kyf 4 nawm nuwax thif cucj dieenj sex thay ddooir khoong theer cuwus vanx dduwowcj. Vaayj laf, vieecj loaij bor Kennedy trowr thanhf luwaj chonj duy nhaats. Kennedy bij ams sats taij phi truwowngf ddungs vaof ngayf Johnson trowr thanhf toongr thoongs thuws 36 cuar Hoa Kyf. Johnson bieets raats rox suwj kyf vongj cuar cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf quoocs tees ddoois vowis minhf vaf oong ta khoong theer vaf cungx khoong dams phuj laij suwj “kyf vongj” ddos. Thangs 3 nawm 1964, sau khi nhaanj chuwcs toongr thoongs khoong laau, Johnson ddax ra leenhj cho Booj taif chinhs ddinhf chir vieecj hoans ddooir giuwax chuwngs chir bacj vaf bacj hieenj vaatj, tuwf ddos loaij bor vieecj phats hanhf “chuwngs chir bacj”. Booj taif chinhs laij bawts ddaauf bans thaos luwowngj bacj duwj truwx cho giowis coong nghieepj vowis gias 1,29 USD ddeer tieeps tucj eps gias bacj, lamf suy giamr ddoongj

luwcj sanr xuaats cuar cacs nhaf sanr xuaats bacj, ngawn chawnj nhu caauf cung uwngs bacj. Tieeps ngay sau ddos, vaof thangs 6 nawm 1965, Johnson laij ra leenhj pha loangx bacj nhawmf haj thaaps vij thees cuar bacj trong luwu thoong tieenf teej. Oong ta nois: “Tooi muoons tuyeen boos mootj cachs rox rangf, nhuwngx suwj thay ddooir nayf (pha loangx bacj) sex khoong anhr huwowngr ddeens suwcs mua cuar ddoongf tieenf dducs. Trong phamj vi nuwowcs Myx, tieenf mowis sex cos theer hoans ddooir vowis tieenf giaays cos cungf meenhj gias (11) (Nhuwngx nhaanj xets cuar toongr thoongs Lyndon B. Johnson veef ddaoj luaatj tieenf dducs; 23/7/1965).Ngayf 7 thangs 6 nawm 1966, towf The Wall Street Daily ddax pharn uwngs mootj cachs miar mai rangf: “Ddungs vaayj, nhuwng duwowis anhr huwowngr cuar nanj lamj phats tieenf teej suoots 30 nawm qua, suwcs mua cuar loaij tieenf giaays kia ddax bij awn monf gaanf heets rooif. Chinhs vif vaayj maf tieenf teej cuar chungs ta ddax hoanf toanf bij tachs bieetj khoir vangf bacj” (12) (Wall Street Journal, 7/7/1966).Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx cungx thuwaf nhaanj, hawngf nawm hoj ddeeuf cos kees hoachj vowis nhuwngx tinhs toans “khoa hocj” ddeer suwcs mua cuar ddoongf dollar giamr xuoongs tuwf 3% ddeens 4% sao cho taangf lowps lao ddoongj cos theer “thaays dduwowcj” tieenf luwowng cuar minhf ddang tawng leen. Ddeens muaf hef nawm 1967, Booj taif chinhs khoong conf bacj trawngs “nhanf rooix” ddeer cos theer bans ddoor bans thaos. Cuoois cungf, ddaij nghieepj tieenf teej bacj trawngs ddax dduwowcj thuwcj thi trong tay Johnson.

4. Quyx hoox trowj vangf (Gold Pool)Trong tieens trinhf loaij bor chees ddooj dungf vangf bacj ddeer ddamr baor tieenf teej, cacs nhaf ngaan hangf quoocs tees ddax suwr dungj chieens luwowcj “truwowcs baj sau vangf”. Nguyeen nhaan chur yeeus cuar chieens luwowcj nayf laf: ddaauf thaapj nieen 60, treen thees giowis chir cos maays quoocs gia ddang suwr dungj bacj lamf tieenf teej. Loaij bor bacj trawngs ra khoir heej thoongs tieenf teej Myx chir laf mootj thur thuaatj cucj booj vaf ddown gianr. Vaans ddeef vangf thif phuwcs tapj vaf khos khawn hown nhieeuf. Trong thuwcj tieenx lichj suwr keos daif hown 5000 nawm xax hooij loaif

nguwowif, baats luaanj owr thowif ddaij naof, quoocs gia naof, toon giaos naof, chungr toocj naof, vangf cungx dduwowcj thees giowis coong nhaanj laf mootj loaij taif sanr quys gias. Nhaanj thuwcs nayf khoong deex gif bij mows bij mows lys thuyeets coi vangf laf “di tichs dax man” hoas giair. Cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf quoocs tees hieeur raats rox rawngf, vangf khoong phair laf thuws kim loaij binhf thuwowng, vaf neeus xets tuwf banr chaats thif vangf laf thuws thuoocj kim “chinhs trij” duy nhaats, cos ddooj nhayj camr cao, cos tinhs kees thuwaf lichj suwr saau sawcs nhaats. Neeus xuwr lys khoong toots vaans ddeef vangf , nguwowif ta cos theer sex gaay neen cown baox taif chinhs treen phamj vi toanf thees giowis. Truwowcs khi chieens dichj bacj conf chuwa keets thucs thif caanf phair giuwx vuwngx chieens tuyeens cuar vangf. Chinhs sachs lamj phats tieenf teej vowis quy moo lowns do Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx “ddaoj dieenx” tuwf thaapj nieen 30 ddax khieens luwowngj tieenf teej phats hanhf ra thij truwowngf vuwowtj muwcs cho pheps. Soos tieenf giaays phats hanhf vuwowtj muwcs nayf ddax ddaayr gias vangf vaf bacj leen cao. Trong phamj vi nuwowcs Myx, Booj taif chinhs cos trachs nhieemj khoongs chees gias bacj, conf treen binhf dieenj quoocs tees, caanf phair cos mootj toor chuwcs ddoois uwngs cos theer thay thees chuwcs nawng cuar Booj taif chinhs, cos trachs nhieemj bans thaos vangf ra thij truwowngf nhawmf ddanhs tutj gias trij cuar vangf. Thowif ddaij mays bay ddax taoj ddieeuf kieenj cho cacs nhaf ngaan hangf quoocs tees cos cow hooij thuwowngf xuyeen gawpj mawtj ddeer bis maatj thuwowng luwowngj ddoois sachs. Vaayj laf Ngaan hangf thanh toans quoocs tees cos truj sowr taij Basel – Thuyj Six – ddax trowr thanhf ddieemr dieenx ra hooij nghij “Basel cuoois tuaanf” cuar hoj. Thangs 11 nawm 1961, thoong qua cuoocj thuwowng thaor taapj trung, cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf quoocs tees ddax ddatj dduwowcj mootj kees hoachj khas myx manx – thanhf laapj quyx hoox trowj vangf (Gold Pool) vowis thanhf vieen chinhs laf Myx vaf 7 quoocs gia lowns owr chaau Aau. Toon chir cuar Quyx nayf laf eps gias vangf taij thij truwonwgf London vaf khoongs chees nos owr muwcs 35,2 USD/ounce. Trong muwcs gias 35,20 USD/ounce nayf ddax bao goomf gias thanhf vaanj chuyeenr vangf tuwf New York.

Vowis taif luwcj hungf haauj, Myx ddax ganhs vacs mootj nuwar ngaan sachs cuar Quyx nayf, conf Dduwcs nhowf suwj khowir sawcs cuar neenf kinh tees sau chieens tranh maf haauf bao cungx ngayf cangf rungr rinhr. Tuy nieen, vif laf nuwowcs chieens baij neen toongr soos tieenf quyeen gops cuar Dduwcs cho Quyx nayf chir owr muwcs 30 trieeuj USD, xeeps sau Myx. Ba nuwowcs Anh, Phaps, Ys ddeeuf ddongs muwcs mooix nuwowcs 25 trieeuj USD, conf Thuyj Six, Vuwowng quoocs Bir vaf Haf Lan mooix nuwowcs chi ra 10 trieeuj. Ngaan hangf Anh phuj trachs vieecj quanr lys ddieeuf hanhf thuwcj tees xuaats vangf trong kho ra chi trar, cuoois thangs keets toans theo tyr leej vowis ngaan hangf trung uowwng cuar cacs nuwowcs thanhf vieen (13) (Ferdinand Lips, Cuoocj chieens vangf: Traanj chieens choongs laij tieenf teej tuwf cachs nhinf cuar nguwowif Thuyj Six (Gold War, The Battle Against Sound Money as Seen From a Swiss Perspective) - New York: The Foundation for the Advancement of Monetary Education 2001, tr. 52).Ngaan hangf trung uwowng cuar cacs nuwowcs thanhf vieen ddamr baor khoong mua vangf tuwf thij truwowngf London hay cacs nuwowcs thuws ba nhuw Nam Phi, Lieen Xoo, Moij nooij dung cuar Quyx hoox trowj vangf ddeeuf dduwowcj baor maatj tuyeetj ddoois. Gioongs nhuw hooij nghij bis maatj truyeenf thoongs cuar ngaan hangf thanh toans quoocs tees Basel, moij thanhf vieen khoong dduwowcj pheps ghi cheps treen baats cuws vawn banr naof, duf chir ghi cheps treen mootj manhr giaays. Baats cuws mootj nghij ddinhj naof cungx ddeeuf dduwowcj thoong qua banwgf mieengj, gioongs nhuw vieecj Morgan dungf vieecj bawts tay vaf lowif nois ddeer hoanf thanhf nhuwngx cuoocj giao dichj khoongr loof vaayj. Suwj thuwaf nhaanj bawngf mieengj cuar cacs ngaan hangf quoocs tees cos suwcs trois buoocj ngang bawngf, thaamj chis laf cao hown so vowis howpj ddoongf phaps lys. Trong maays nawm ddaauf tieen hoatj ddoongj, “Quyx hoox trowj vangf” ddax thu dduwowcj thanhf coong lowns, thaamj chis conf vuwowtj car suwj mong ddowij. Vuj thu hoachj ngux coocs nawm 1963 cuar Lieen Xoo – nuwowcs sanr xuaats vangf lowns treen thees giowis – bij maats muaf nghieem trongj, khieens cho nuwowcs nayf buoocj phair bans rer mootj luwowngj lowns vangf ddeer nhaapj khaaur luwowng thuwcj. Chir trong mootj quys cuar nawm 1963, Lieen Xoo ddax bans

ra toongr luwowngj vangf trij gias ddeens 470 trieeuj USD, vuwowtj xa toanf booj voons tichs luyx vangf cuar Quyx hoox trowj vangf. Trong 21 thangs, kho vangf cuar Quyx hoox trowj vangf ddax tawng leen ddeens 1,3 tyr USD, cacs nhaf ngaan hangf quoocs tees cow hoof nhuw khoong dams tin vaof vaanj khis toots lanhf cuar minhf (14). (14) Ferdinand Lips, Cuoocj chieens tranh vangf : Traanj chieens choongs laij tieenf teej tuwf cachs nhinf cuar nguwowif Thuyj Six (Gold War, The Battle Against Sound Money as Seen From a Swiss Perspective) - New York: The Foundation for the Advancement of Monetary Education 2001, tr. 53).Nhuwng dieenx bieens cuoocj chieens tranh leo thang cuar Myx taij Vieetj Nam ddax khieens cho Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang phair khoong nguwngf tawng theem luwowngj cung uwngs dollar khieens cho cown ddaij hoongf thuyr nhanh chongs nuoots chuwngr toanf booj voons tichs luyx cuar Quyx hoox trowj vangf. Nuwowcs Phaps ddanhf thaos lui khoir Quyx hoox trowj vangf, thaamj chis conf nhanh chongs ddem toanf booj soos dollar cos ddooir sang vangf. Tuwf nawm 1962 ddeens nawm 1966, nuwowcs Phaps ddax hoans ddooir dduwowcj mootj luwowngj vangf trij gias gaanf 3 tyr dollars tuwf tay Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx vaf vaanj chuyeenr veef caats giuwx owr Paris. Ddeens cuoois thangs 11 nawm 1967, Quyx hoox trowj vangf ddax maats mootj luwowngj vangf trij gias 1 tyr USD, tuwcs laf gaanf muwcs 900 taans. Ddoongf USD lucs nayf ddax khoong conf giuwx thees thuwowngj phong, daan chungs treen toanf thees giowis ddax tor ra khoong tin tuwowngr vaof ddoongf tieenf nayf. Toongr thoongs Johnson khoong theer ngooif yeen vaf muoons lamf mootj ddieeuf gif ddos. Been canhj toongr thoongs Johnson luoon cos mootj nhoms cacs chuyeen gia tham muwu cao caaps trong linhx vuwcj taif chinhs, ngaan hangf. Hoj ddax nhieeuf laanf tham muwu cho toongr thoongs rawngf, thaf doocs heets toanf booj vangf hieenj cos vaf nems vaof thij truwowngf giao dichj taif chinhs London, giair quyeets raos rieets vaans ddeef tawng gias cuar vangf ddoois vowis ddoongf dollar, laays laij nieemf tin cuar thees giowis ddoois vowis ddoongf dollar hown laf ddeer cho nuwowcs ngoaif ruts sachj luwowngj duwj truwx vangf nhuw vaayj.

Johnson ddax tieeps thu ddeef xuaats cos ver ddieen cuoongf nayf. Toanf booj vangf duwj truwx cuar Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx ddeeuf bij ddawtj vaof canh bacj cos quy moo chuwa tuwngf thaays. Nhuwngx kieenj vangf hangf vanj taans ddax bij xeeps leen tauf ddeer vaanj chuyeenr ddeens Ngaan hangf Anh vaf ngaan hangf Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx owr New York. Neeus nhuw kees hoachj thuaanj lowij, Ngaan hangf Anh quoocs vaf Ngaan hangf Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx owr New York sex bawts tay nhau ddoongf loatj bans thaos vangf ra thij truwowngf vowis soos luwowngj lowns chuwa tuwngf thaays, khieens cho luwowngj cung uwngs tawng leen ddootj bieens, lucs nayf hoj sex ddanhs tutj gias vangf xuoongs duwowis 35 dollar/ ounce, ddaayr cacs nhaf ddaauf cow vaof trangj thais khungr hoangr toanf dieenj, taoj neen hieenj tuwowngj bans thaos vangf vowis soos luwowngj conf lowns hown nuwax. Sau khi lamf nhutj nhueej khis cuar cacs nhaf mua vangf, hoj laij tuwf tuwf mua vaof vowis gias rer matj, rooif bis maatj ddem vangf chuyeenr vaof kho. Quar laf mootj kees hoachj myx manx. Chir trong vongf maays tuaanf ddaauf nawm 1968, kees hoachj nayf dduwowcj thuwcj thi raos rieets. Ddieeuf khieens toongr thoongs Johnson vaf moij nguwowif cuwcj kyf kinh ngacj laf, thij truwowngf ddax haaps thu toanf booj luwowngj vangf bans ra. Trong chieens dichj nayf, Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx ddax maats toongr coongj 9.300 taans vangf. Toongr thoongs Johnson tham quyeenf laij hoof ddoof ddax mootj phen thua ddau vaf tuyeen boos khoong ra tranh cuwr vaof nhieemj kyf tieeps theo nuwax. Thawngs 3 nawm 1968, Quyx hoox trowj vangf ddax buwowcs ddeens bowf vuwcj supj ddoor. Ngayf 9 thangs 3 nawm 1968, trong vawn banr ngoaij giao cuar Rostow – trowj lys ddawcj bieetj cuar toongr thoongs Johnson ddax cos ddoanj vieets rawngf: Keets luaanj cuar cacs chuyeen gia coos vaans kinh tees laf: thoongs nhaats phanr ddoois ddeer vieecj gias vangf leo thang nhawmf uwngs phos vowis khungr hoangr truwowcs mawts. Dda soos ddeeuf nghieeng theo huwowngs duy trif suwj hoatj ddongj cuar Quys hoox trowj vangf. Tuy nhieen, hoj cho rawngf cos khos khawn trong vieecj thoar thuaanj vowis phias chaau Aau vaf raats khos khooi phucj suwj binhf oonr cuar

thij truwowngf. Cho neen, cacs chuyeen gia nayf cho rawngf, chungs ta buoocj phair ddongs cuwar Quyx hoox trowj vangf. Cachs nghix cuar hoj tuwowng ddoois tuwj do. Hoj khoong bieets thuyeets phucj cacs quoocs gia khoong phair laf thanhf vieen Quyx hoox trowj vangf howpj tacs vowis chungs ta. Hoj camr thaays Quyx tieenf teej quoocs tees cos theer phats huy dduwowcj tacs dungj. Hoj cho rawngf chungs ta caanf phair cos mootj cachs nghix vaf luwaj chonj hanhf ddoongj mootj cachs rox rawngf: lamf hay khoong lamf trong thowif gian 30 ngayf. Lowif binhf: banj cos theer thaays, nhuwngx cachs nghix nayf khoong cos suwj khacs bieetj lawms vowis chungs ta. Sau hooij nghij Basel (ngaan hangf thanh toans quoocs tees) cuoois tuaanf nayf, chungs ta sex cos theer hieeur dduwowcj mootj cachs chinhs xacs cachs nghix cuar nguwowif chaau Aau. Ngayf 12 thangs 3, trong mootj vawn banr khacs, Rostow vieets rwngf: Thuwa toongr thoongs: Suwj hieeur bieets cuar tooi ddoois vowis Bill Martin (chur tichj Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx, vuwaf tham gia hooij nghij Basel buooir toois) bao goomf maays ddieemr sau ddaau:”

1. Doois vowis suwj bieens ddoongj cuar gias vangf, nguwowif Anh vaf Haf Lan cos theer tans ddoongf cachs luwaj chonj nayf (duy trif Quyx hoox trowj vangf). Nguwowif Dduwcs thif do duwj khoong quyeets. Conf nguwowif Y, Bir vaf Thuyj Six thif kieen quyeets phanr ddoois.

2. Bill Martin ddax ddatj dduwowcj thoar thuaanj rawngf, haauf heets moij nguwowif ddoongf ys tawng theem luwowngj vangf trij gias 500 trieeuj USD vaf chaaps thuaanj dungf 500 trieeuj USD khacs ddeer ddamr baor suwj vaanj hanhf tieeps tucj cuar quyx (neeus laays toocs ddooj toonr thaats vangf treen thij truwowngf London truwowcs mawt, luwowngj vangf nayf chir cos theer choongs ddowx dduwowcj trong thowif gian maays ngayf).

3. Nguwowif daan chaau Aau ys thuwcs dduwowcj rawngf, chungs ta sex nhanh chongs ddoois mawtj vowis suwj luwaj chonj chawngr maays vui ver. Hoj ddax chuaanr bij ddongs cuwar thij truwowngf vangf London trong truwowngf howpj baaats ddawcs dix vaf thar nooir gias vangf.

4. Trong tinhf huoongs nayf, Booj taif chinhs, Booj ngoaij giao, Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx vaf cacs coos vaans kinh tees cuar toongr thoongs sex phair nghieem tucs xem xets vaans ddeef vif mootj khi chungs ta tuyeen boos ddongs cuwar “Quys hoox trowj vangf”, cacs nuwowcs sex phanr nuwngs thees naof.

5. Chungs ta vaanx chuwa bieets quan ddieemr cas nhaan cuar John Fowler (Booj truwowngr taif chinhs) vaf Bill. Chungs ta sex trao ddooir ys kieens vowis hoj vaof toois nay hoawcj sangs mai.

Camr nhaanj cuar cas nhaan tooi laf, chungs ta ddang ngayf cangf camr thaays deex dangf hown trong vieecj nhaanj bieets dduwowcj banr chaats cuar suwj vieej.

Ngayf 14 thangs 3, lieen quan ddeens vaans ddeef vangf, Rostow ddax baos caos theem: Cacs coos vaans cao caaps cuar ngaif ddax ddatj ddwowcj suwj thoongs nhaats nhuw sau:

1. Tinhf hinhf hieenj taij khoong theer tieeps tucj dduwowcj nuwax, hy vongj suwj tinhf cos theer chuyeenr bieens toots.

2. Cuoois tuaanf nayf, chungs ta caanf phair mowr mootj hooij nghij cacs nuwowcs thanhf vieen Quyx hoox trowj vangf taij Washington.

3. Chungs ta sex thaor luaanj veef quy luaatj cuar vangf trong thowif kyf quas ddooj, phuwowng phaps duy trif laau daif thij truwowngf taif chinhs, tawng cuwowngf thucs ddaayr quyeenf ruts tieenf ddawcj bieetj.

4. Trong thowif kyf quas ddooj, chungs ta aps dungj vieecj hoans ddooir vangf theo gias goocs ddoois vowis nhuwngx nguwowif nawms giuwx USD owr cacs ngaan hangf trung uwowng cuar chinhs phur.

5. Neeus nhuw khoong theer ddatj dduwowcj baats cuws thoar thuaanj naof, chungs ta sex tamj nguwngf vieecj ddooir USD sang vangf. Sau ddos trieeuj taapj mootj hooij nghij khaanr caaps.

6. Ddieeuf nayf sex cos theer khieens cho thij truwowngf taif chinhs thees giowis rowi vaof tinhf trangj hoonx loanj trong mootj khoangr thowif gian, nhuwng ddaay laf bieenj phaps duy nhaats cos theer thucs eps cacs quoocs gia khacs chaaps nhaanj phuwowng ans laau

daif. Chungs ta thoongs nhaats rawngf, haauj quar cuar vieecj ddeer gias vangf leo thang laf teej haij nhaats.

Ngay baay giowf, ngaif caanf phair ra quyeets ddinhj cos neen laapj tuwcs ddongs cuwar thij truwowngf vangf London hay khoong (16) (Nguoonf: uyr ban Nhaf nuwowcs Hoa Kyf 1998. Cacs moois quan heej ddoois ngoaij cuar Hoa Kyf tuwf 1964 – 1968, taapj 8, (Washington: Government Printing Office), taif lieeuj soos 187, 188, 189)).Cho duf cos dungf cachs gif ddi nuwax thif cungx chawngr cos ai cos theer cuwus vanx dduwowcj soos phaanj haamr hiu cuar Quyx hoox trowj vangf. Ngayf 17 thangs 3 nawm 1968, kees hoachj ddongs cuwar Quyx hoox trowj vangf ddax dieenx ra eem thaams. Huwowngr uwngs yeeu caauf cuar Myx, thij truwowngf vangf London cungx ddax ddongs cuwar trong suoots hai tuaanf lieenf. Cungf vowis suwj thamr baij trong cuoocj ddaij chieens vowis vangf cuar Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx, dieenx bieens cuar cuoocj chieens owr Vieetj Nam cungx ddax mang nhieeuf kichj tinhs. Ngayf 30 thangs 1 nawm 1968, du kichs Vieetj Nam ddax phats ddoongj toongr taans coong quy moo lowns ddoongf thowif owr cacs tinhr lyj cuar 30 tinhr owr Vieetj Nam, thaamj chis ddax chieems dduwowcj mootj soos mucj tieeu trongj yeeu trong nooij thanhf Saif Gonf, coos ddoo Huees cungx bij ddanhs haj. Quaan du kichs ddax bor cachs ddanhs thoawts aanr thoawts hieenj sowr truwowngf cuar minhf maf taapj trung chur luwcj danf traanj ddoois ddaauf vowis quaan Myx (17) (Henry Kissinger, Thuaatj ngoaij giao(Diplomacy)- Simon & Schuster; 4/4/1995) Chuwowng 26). Suwj thaats baij thamr haij treen chieens truwowngf taif chinhs lucs nayf ddax khieens cho Johnson maats ddi suwcs kieen trif ddoois vowis cuoocj chieens tranh owr Vieetj Nam. Suwj thaats baij thamr haij cuar thij truwowngf vangf London ddax khieens cho cacs baacj tinh anh Myx rowi vaof khungr hoangr toanf dieenj. Giuwax cacs nhaan six baor thur kieen trif vowis chees ddooj banr vij vangf vaf phais chur luwu ddoif phees bor banr vij vangf xayr ra tranh caix kichj lieetj. Tuy nhieen, car hai been ddeeuf cho rawngf, trong cucj dieenj taif chinhs hoonx loanj nhuw vaayj, cuoocj chieens tranh owr Vieetj Nam caanf phair dduwowcj keets thucs.

Ngayf 27 thangs 2 nawm 1968,Walter Cronkite “tieen ddoans” nuwowcs Myx sex thaats baij. Towf The Wall Street Daily chaats vaanx “tinhf thees cos phair laf ddax roois loanj mucj tieeu maf chungs ta cos theer khoongs chees truwowcs ddaay hay khoong? Neeus nhuw chuwa chuaanr bij xong, thif nguwowif daan Myx caanf phair chuaanr bij tinh thaanf ddeer ddons nhaanj mootj vieenx canhr u ams cuar suwj kieenj Vieetj Nam”. Ngayf 15 thangs 3 nawm 1968, Tapj chis Times vieets rawngf, “Nawm 1968 ddax khieens nguwowif Myx trowr neen canhr giacs hown. Thawngs lowij owr Vieetj Nam khoong phair laf ddieeuf maf mootj chinhs phur manhj cuar thees giowis (Myx) cos theer vowis towis dduwowcj”. Lus nayf, cacs nghij six ddax ngur say quas laau cungx buwngf tinhr trowr laij. Nghij six Fulbright bawts ddaauf chaats vaans: “Chinhs phur cos dduwowcj quyeenf mowr roongj chieens tranh khi chuwa dduwowcj suwj ddoongf ys cuar quoocs hooij hay khoong?” Conf Mansfield thif tuyeen boos: “Chungs ta ddang owr mootj nowi sai laamf, theo dduooir cuoocj chieens sai laamf”. Ngayf 31 thangs 3 nawm 1968, Johnson tuyeen boos nguwngf nems bom oanh tacj tuwf vix tuyeens 20 trowr ra mieenf Bawcs Vieetj Nam.Oong conf nois rox sex khoong guwir theem quaan ddeens Vieetj Nam ddoongf thowif tuyeen boos “mucj tieeu cuar chungs ta owr Vieetj Nam khoong phair laf tieeu dieetj ker thuf”. Oong ta cungx tuyeen boos sex khoong ra tranh cuwr trong nhieemj kyf toongr thoongs kees tieeps. Nguyeen nhaan cuar vieecj keets thucs cuoocj chieens tranh owr Vieetj Nam vaanx laf suwj thamr baij cuar chieens truwowngf vangf London – mootj keets cucj ddau buoonf ddax daanx ddeens suwj suy kieetj veef taif chinhs cuar mootj taangf lowps tinh anh Myx.

5. Quyeenf ruts tieenf ddawcj bieetj. Trong cuoocj khungr hoangr ddoongf USD, cacs chuyeen gia veef tieenf teej hocj luoon quar quyeets rawngf, vieecj thieeus hutj vangf ddax taoj neen khungr hoangr tieenf teej. Xets tuwf gocs ddooj lichj suwr cuar banr vij vangf, chungs ta cos theer thaays rwngf, nhaanj ddinhj nayf cos phaanf nhaamf laanx, vieecj thieeus hutj vangf hoanf toanf khoong phair laf nguyeen nhaan cuar vaans ddeef, maf vieecj phats hanhf ddoongf USD quas muwcs mowis laf nguoonf goocs cuar khungr hoangr.

Bacj trawngs bij aps chees trong suoots mootj thowif gian daif vowis mucj ddichs chur yeeus nhawmf gaay neen tinhf thees khos khawn tuwf vieecj thieeus hutj vangf. Ngay khi khungr hoangr dieenx ra, ddieeuf kyf laj laf thoong thuwowngf, ngons ddonf nguwowif ta chonj luoon laf tuwj luwaf doois minhf maf khoong phair laf ddoois mawtj vowis banr chaats cuar vaans ddeef mootj cachs thanhf thuwcj. Sau khi phats ddanj khai cuoocj Quyx hoox trowj vangf, cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf quoocs tees laij nhows ddeens tuw tuwowngr “vangf giaays” maf Keynes ddax nhawcs ddeens vaof thaapj nieen 40 ddeer cuoois cungf ddeef xuaats ra mootj “sangs chees vix ddaij” – quyeenf ddeef khoanr ddawcj bieetj. Ddungs nhuw Jacques Reufl – nhaf kinh tees hocj lunwgf danh cuar Phaps – ddax tuwngf nois: “ Cacs nhaf tieenf teej hocj ddax sangs chees mootj trof chowi mowis ddeer che giaaus suwj thuwcj cuar trangj thais phas sanr tieenf teej Myx. Ngaan hangf trung uwowng cuar mooix mootj quoocs gia dduwowcj phaan phoois mootj loaij tieenf teej duwj truwx quoocs tees ddawcj thuf. Nhuwng vif ddeer khoong gaay neen lamj phats tieenf teej, quyeenf ddeef khoanr ddawcj bieetj caanf phair dduwowcj hanj chees soos luwowngj sats sao. Nhuw vaayj, thaamj chis duwowis suwj giups ddowx cuar quyeenf ddeef khoanr ddawcj bieetj, nuwowcs Myx vaanx khoong theer hoanf trar heets mootj phaanf nhor trong cacs khoanr nowj bawngf ddoongf USD cuar minh (18) (Jacques Rueff, Tacs ddoongj do lamj phats cuar chuaanr hoans ddooir vangf ddef nawngj leen heej thoongs Bretton Woods (The Inflationary Impact the Gotd Exchange Standard Superimposes on the Bretton Woods System) - Greewich, CT: Committee for Monetary Research and Education, 1975). Nhuwng mawtj khacs, phoos Wall laij duwowng duwowng tuwj ddawcs vowis sangs kieens trong lichj suwr taif chinhs hieenj ddaij nayf:

6. Nuwowcs Myx ddax thu dduwowcj thawngs lowij vangf giaaysPaul Volke, Thuws truwowngr Booj taif chinhs ddax tuyeen boos vowis giowis truyeenf thoong mootj cachs ddaayf thoar manx rawngf, “cuoois cungf chungs ta cungx ddax thuwcj hieenj dduwowcj kees hoachj quyeenf ruts tieenf ddawcj bieetj”. Towf The Wall Street Daily thif tung hoo thawngs lowij trongj ddaij nayf cuar hocj phaps kinh tees Myx, bowir nos laf chieecs gaayj chir huy duy nhaats cuar gias trij tieenf teej ddoongf thowif laf suwj ddar kichs truwcj tieeps cuar lieeuf thuoocs vanj nawn

ddoois vowis vangf truwowcs ddaay (19) (Donald Hơppe, Lamf thees naof ddeer ddaauf tuw vaof vangf (How to Invest in Gold Stocks) - New York: Arlington House, 1972, tr.181).Nhuwng The Wall Street Dayly ddax queen rawngf, quyeenf ruts tieenf ddawcj bieetj dduwowcj xacs ddinhj bawngf hamf luwowngj cuar vangf, cho neen vangf vaanx laf chieecs gaayj chir huy cuar tieenf teeej, hown nuwax, quyeenf ruts tieenf ddawcj bieetj khoong theer bij “maats gias”. Hohp ddax cos mootj ddoanj mieeu tar heets suwcs tuyeetj vowif nhuw thees nayf: Sex cos mootj ngayf, quyeenf ruts tieenf ddawcj bieetj sex dduwowcj cacs nhaf suwr hocj xeeps vaof hangf “sangs chees” vix ddaij caur nhaan loaij. Vieecj coi nos cos gias trij bawngf vowis vangf nhuwng laij khoong theer hoans ddooir thanhf vangf thif quar thuwcj ddos laij laf chuyeenj hoang dduwowngf. Chir khi dduwowcj hoans ddooir thanhf vangf mootj cachs thoair mais vowis mootj tyr leej nhaats ddinhj thif baats cuws loaij tieenf giaays hoawcj ddown vij tins dungj naof mowis cos theer dduwowcj xem laf cos gias trij ngang bawngf vowis vangf (20) (Donald Hơppe, Lamf thees naof ddeer ddaauf tuw vaof vangf (How to Invest in Gold Stocks) - New York: Arlington House, 1972, tr.181. Lieen quan ddeens khais nieemj “vangf giaays”, Palyi – nhaf kinh tees hocj cuar Dduwcs – cungx ddax dduwa ra mootj nhaanj ddinhj heets suwcs sawcs bens: Loaij tieenf teej duwj truwx SDR nayf chir cos theer kichs thichs suwj banhf truwowngs veef taif chinhs vaf lamj phats tieenf teej mootj cachs thoo bir treen phamj vi thees giowis. Nos ddax donj sachj honf ddas tangr cuoois cungf ddang chawns ngang treen looj trinhf “tieenf teej thees giowis” ddang bij giowis taif phieetj quoocs tees khoongs chees hoanf toanf. Vaf nos sex maix maix laf thuws khoong theer “thieeus” treen thes giowis (21). (Melchior Palyi, A Point of View, Bieen nieen suwr thuwowng maij vaf taif chinhs (Commercial And Financial Chronicle) - 24/7/1969).Ngayf 18 thangs 3 nawm 1969, quoocs hooij Myx ddax huyr bor yeeu caauf veef hamf luwowngj vangf baor ddamr trong ddongf dollar (25% vangf). Ddoongj thais nayf ddax cawts dduwts moois quan heej phaps luaatj mang tinhs cuwowngx chees giuwax vangf vaf vieecj phats hanhf ddoongf USD.

Dduwowng nhieen, kees hoachj cuar nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf quoocs tees khoong phair mooix laanf ddeeuf cos theer thuwcj hieenj dduwowcj nhuw ys nguyeenj. Ys tuwowngr “tieenf teej thees giowis” vaof nhuwngx nawm 40 cuar Keynes laays quyeenf ruts tieenf ddawcj bieetj lamf tuwowng lai quar thuwcj laf howi quas lacj quan. Tuy nhieen, suwj lacj quan nawm ddos cuar cacs nhaf ngaan hangf quoocs tees cungx khoong phair laf hoanf toanf khoong cos lys. Chieens tranh thees giowis thuws hai vuwaf keets thucs, “nguyeen maaus” cuar “Chinhs phur thees giowis” ddax dduwowcj thuwcj hieenj ddungs hanj, cawpj ddooi Quyx tieenf teej vaf Ngaan hangf thees giowis cungx ddoongf thowif dduwngs vaof vij tris “toor chuwcs phats hanhf tieenf teej thoogs nhaats thees giowis”. Neeus quyeenf ruts tieenf ddawcj bieetj laij trowr thanhf mootj thuws tieenf teej thees giowis ddungs hanj thif suwj nghieepj lowns xem nhuw hoanf thanhf. Chir ddangs tieecs laf kees hoachj nayf ddax khoong dduooir kipj suwj thay ddooir. So vowis phieen banf nuwowcs Myx cuar White thif “Banr quy hoachj hoanf haor” cuar thees giowis tuwowng lai theo moo hinhf Keynes cos suwj khacs bieetj lowns. Nguwowif Myx ddang chieems thees thieen thowif ddiaj lowij nhaan hoaf, ddoongf thowif laij cos nhieeuf cuar cair, thanh thees manhj vowis ddoongf USD uy quyeenf, lamf sao cos theer nhieetj tinhf vowis kees hoachj cuar Keynes? Ddos laf chuwa tinhs ddeens suwj quaatj khowir cuar lanf songs ddoocj laapj daan toocj ddang dieenx ra taij cacs nuwowcs thuoocj thees giwois thuws ba. Suwj quaajt khowir cuar chaau As ddax lamf thay ddooir cans caan luwcj luwowngj thees giowis, quyeenf ruts tieenf ddawcj bieetj cuoois cungf ddax khoong dduwowcj hieenj thuwcj hoas.

7. Cuoocj toongr coong kichs loaij bor vangfNixon khoong hieeur hoawcj khoong muoons hieeur taij sao vangf laij chayr aof aof ra nuwowcs ngoaif. Mawcj duf chinhs phur Myx coos suwcs ngawn canr nhuwng taats car cungx ddeeuf uoongr coong voo ichs. Banr chaats cuar vaans ddeef nawmf owr choox: ngaan sachs thu chi cuar Myx ddax theer hieenj suwj thaam hutj lowns. Treen thuwcj tees, Myx khoong theer duy trif mootj tyr suaats hoois ddoais coos ddinhj ddoois vowis vangf. Khoong phair laf soos luwowngj vangf quas thieeus, maf laf

soos luwowngj ddoongf USD do heej thoongs ngaan hangf cuar Myx aans hanhf ddax quas thuwaf. John Exeter cuar Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx ddax giair thichs ddoanj cuoois caau chuyeenj trong traanj quyeets chieens cuar vangf: Ngayf 10 thangs 8 nawm 1971, mootj nhoms cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf, chuyeen gia kinh tees hocj vaf tieenf teej ddax tieens hanhf mootj cuoocj thaor luaanj phi chinhs thuwcs owr vungf ven bieenr New Jersey veef vaans ddeef khungr hoangr tieenf teej. Khoangr 3 giowf chieeuf, xe cuar Paul Volke ddax ddeens. Khi ddos oong ta laf Thuws truwowngr Booj taif chinhs, phuj trachs vaans ddeef tieenf teej. Chungs tooi ddax cungf nhau thaor luaanj cacs phuwowng ans giair quyeets cos theer. Ngaif bieets khoong, tooi luoon baor veej chinhs sachs tieenf teej baor thur, cho neen ys kieens naang cao laix suaats owr gocs ddooj roongj do tooi ddeef xuaats ddeeuf bij dda soos phur quyeets. Nhuwngx nguwowif khacs cho rawngf, Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx sex khoong thar nooir vaans ddeef mowr roongj tins dungj. Hoj lo lawngs veef khar nawng daanx ddeens suy thoais thaamj chis laf supj ddoor cuar heej thoongs tieenf teej. Tooi laij kieens nghij naang cao gias vangf, Paul Volke cho rawngf ddieeuf nayf cos lys, nhuwng oong ta camr thaays sex khos dduwowcj quoocs hooij thoong qua. Nhuwngx nguwowif lanhx ddaoj thees giowis kieeur nhuw nuwowcs Myx sex khoong muoons thuwaf nhaanj vowis daan chungs veef khar nawng tieenf teej bij maats gias, cho duf vaans ddeef cos nghieem trongj ddeens muwcs naof. Ddieeuf nayf quar thuwcj ddax khieens cho hoj camr thaays khos xuwr, maix cho ddeens lucs nayf, dda soos nguwowif daan vaanx conf chuwa bieets dduwowcj cuoocj khungr hoangr tieenf teej maf chungs tooi ddang ddoois mawtj. Ddieeuf nayf chawngr gioongs vowis nawm 1933, khi ddaats nuwowcs nawmf trong tinhf trangj khaanr caaps vaf Roosevelt mawcj suwcs muoons lamf gif thif lamf. Lucs nayf, Paul Volke quay qua hoir tooi, neeus laf ddeer tooi quyeets sachs thif phair lamf nhuw thees naof. Tooi nois vowis oong ta rawngf vif oong ta khoong muoons tawng laix suaats, laij khoong muoons tawng gias vngf, vaayj thif chir cos cachs laf ddinhf chir vieecj hoans ddooir vangf, chuws tieeps tucj bans vangf trong kho ra vowis gias 35 USD mootj ounce thif cos ys nghiax gif. Nawm ngayf sau, Nixon ddongs cuwa thij

truwowngf vang (22) (Ferdinand Lips, Cuoocj chieens vangf: Traanj chieens choongs laij tieenf teej tuwf cachs nhinf cuar nguwowif Thuyj Six (Gold War, The Battle Against Sound Money as Seen From a Swiss Perspective) - New York: The Foundation for the Advancement of Monetary Education 2001, tr. 77).Ngayf 15 thangs 8 nawm 1971, Myx ddax khoong theer khooi phucj laij suwj coong nhaanj cuar quoocs tees ddoois vowis suwj rangf buoocj giuwax vangf vaf ddoongf USD. Trong baif dieenx thuyeets toois hoom ddos, Nixon ddax cuwcj luwcj phanr ddoois cacs phaanf tuwr ddaauf cow treen thij truwowngf taif chinhs quoocs tees – nhuwngx ker ddax taoj neen suwj hoonx loanj veef tieenf teej. Oong cungx cho rawngf, ddeer baor veej ddoongf dollar Myx caanf phair chaams duwts tamj thowif vieecj hoans ddooir ddoongf USD thanhf vangf. Vaans ddeef laf, “phaanf tuwr ddaauf cow” maf Nixon ddax nhawcs ddeens laf nhuwngx ai? Neen nhows rang, vaof lucs nayf oong vua ddaauf cow Soros vaanx conf nhor, thij truwowngf hoois ddoais lucs nayf nawmf duwowis suwj chi phoois cuar Bretton Woods System, vaf haauf nhuw suwj thay ddooir trong tyr suaats hoois ddoais haauf nhuw khoong phair laf vaans ddeef caanf tinhs ddeens. Khoong phair baats cuws nhaf ddaauf tuw naof cungx ddeeuf cos theer timf ddeens nuwowcs Myx ddeer hoans ddooir vangf, chir cos cacs ngaan hangf trung uwowng cacs nuwowcs mowis cos tuw cachs ddeer lamf vieecj nayf. Mootj trong nhuwngx ker ddaauf teeu chinhs laf Phaps. Ngay sau khi moois daay lieen heej cuoois cungf giuwax vangf vaf ddoongf USD bij toongr thoongs Nixon cawts dduwts vaof ngayf 15 thangs 8 nawm 1971, thowif khawcs khieens cho cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf quoocs tees kichs ddoongj cawng thawngr cuoois cungf ddax ddeens. Ddaay laf laanf ddaauf tieen trong lichj suwr loaif nguwowif, toanf thees giowis cungf tieens vaof thowif ddaij tieenf teej howpj phaps, tuy nhieen, ddoois vowis neenf vawn minh vaf xax hooij loaif nguwowif thif khos cos theer khawngr ddinhj rawngf ddieeuf nayf laf phucs hay laf hoaj. Sau khi thoats khoir cais vongf kim coo cuar vangf, cacs nuwowcs coong ngheepj phuwowng Taay bawts ddaauf mootj thowif kyf mowr roongj

tins dungj quy moo chuwa tuwngf cos. Quyeenf phats hanhf tieenf teej ddax khoong conf bij khoongs chees. Tinhs ddeens nawm 2006, toongr soos nowj cuar chinhs phur, coong ty, cas nhaan Myx ddax leen ddeens 44 nghinf tyr USD, neeus nhuw tinhs toans vowis laix suaats thaaps nhaats laf 5%, thif mooix nawm khoanr tieenf laix phair hoanf trar leen ddeens 2.200 tyr USD. Vaans ddeef laf khoanr nowj naanf khoongr loof ddeens muwcs khoong theer hoanf trar. Thees nhuwng, ddieeuf nuwcj cuwowif laf, nhuwngx khoanr nowj nayf cuoois cungf sex do nguwowif daan ddongs thuees cuar cacs nuwowcs treen thees giowis hoanf trar.

8. Sats thur kinh tees vaf ddoongf dollar daauf khis hooif luwuNgayf 6 thangs 10 nawm 1973, cuoocj chieens tranh Trung Ddoong laanf thuws tuw bungf noor. Ai Caapj vaf Sirya ddoongf thowif phats ddoongj taans coong ddoois vowis Israel. Quar nhieen, ddungs nhuw tinhs toans cuar cacs nhaf taif phieetj quoocs tees, do chinhs sachs thieen vij cuar Myx ddoois vowis Israel, ngayf 16 thangs 10 nawm 1973, Iran, Araapj Saudi vaf boons quoocs gia Araapj thuoocj khu vuwcj Trung Ddoong ddax suwr dungj “vux khis daauf mor” bawngf cachs tuyeen boos tawng gias daauf leen 70%. Hanhf ddoongj nayf ddax gaay anhr huwowngr nghieem trongj ddeens cucj dieenj thees giowis nawm 70 veef sau. Taij hooij nghij booj truwowngr cacs nuwowcs Araapj owr Kuwait, ddaij bieeur cuar Iraq ddax kieen quyeets yeeu caauf xacs ddinhj Myx laf mucj tieeu ddar kichs chur yeeu. Oong ta kieens nghij cacs quoocs gia khacs cungf nhau tichj thu cacs taif sanr thuwowng nghieepj cuar Myx owr cacs quoocs gia Araapj vaf thuwcj thi quoocs huwux hoas, tieens hanhf caams vaanj daauf mor ddoois vowis Myx, ruts heets moij taif khoanr trong cacs heej thoongs ngaan hangf cuar Myx vaf cho rawngf, vieecj lamf nayf sex ddaayr nuwowcs Myx rowi vaof cuoocj khungr hoangr kinh tees lowns nhaats trong vongf 29 nawm qua. Tuy nhuwngx ddeef nghij quas khichs nayf khoong dduwowcj chaaps nhaanj, nhuwng ngayf 17 thangs 10, cacs nuwowcs nayf ddax thoongs nhaats cawts giamr 5% sanr luwowngj daauf, vaf mooix thangs tieeps tucj cawts giamr theem 5% nuwax, maix ddeens khi hoj ddatj dduwowcj mucj tieeu chinhs trij mowis thooi.

Ngayf 19 thangs 10 nawm 1973, toongr thoongs Nixon yeeu caauf Quoocs hooij vieenj trowj 2,2 tyr USD cho Israel. Ngayf 20 thangs 10, Araapj Saudi vaf cacs quoocs gia Araapj khacs tuyeen boos nguwng hoanf toanf cacs hoatj ddoongj cung caaps daauf mor cho Myx. Gias daauf thees giowis ngay laapj tuws leo thang tuwf 1,39 USD/ thungf daauf thoo nawm 1970 ddax tawng votj leen 8,32 USD vaof nawm 1974. Tuy chir keos daif trong nawm thangs, nghiax laf ddeens thangs 3 nawm 1974 thif keets thuc, nhuwng hanhf ddoongj caams vaanj daauf laanf nayf ddax gaay chaans ddoongj lowns cho xax hooij phuwowng Taay. Cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf quoocs tees thif nghix trawm phuwowng nghanf kees ddeer timf cachs dduwa dongf dollar daauf mor cuar Myx ddax tuwngf chayr vaof Saudi quay nguwowcj veef Myx. Qua phaan tichs kyx luwowngx, nuwowcs Myx quyeets ddinhj thuwcj thi sachs luwowcj “chia ddeer trij”, tieens hanhf phaan hoas nooij booj lamf tan rax cacs nuwowcs sanr xuaats daauf mor owr Trung Ddoong. Phuwowng huwowngs ddootj kichs chur yeeus dduwowcj xacs ddinhj laf Araapj Saudi – mootj quoocs gia ddaats roongj nguwowif thuwa, laf cais roons cuar Trung Ddoong, tieeps giaps vowis cacs quoocs gia langs gieengf hungf manhj nhuw Iran, Sirya, Iraq, Israel. Tuy nhieen, suwcs manhj phongf nguwj quaan suwj cuar quoocs gia nayf heets suwcs mongr manh, vaf vif thees maf vuwowng thaats Saudi cos camr giacs voo cungf baats an. Nhaanj thaays rox nhuwowcj ddieemr nayf, Myx ddax aps dungj mootj ddieeuf kieenj heets suwcs haaps daanx cho Araapj Saudi: Myx sex ungr hooj toanf dieenj veef chinhs trj, baor veej veef mawtj quaan suwj khi caanf thieets vaf cung caaps vieenj trowj kyx thuaatj, huaans luyeenj quaan suwj nhawmf ddamr baor cho suwj toonf taij laau daif cuar vuwowng thaats Saudi. Tuy nhieen, Araapj Saudi phair cam keets vowis Myx rawngf, moij giao dichj daauf mor caanf phair dduwowcj keets toans bawngf ddoongf USD vaf dungf nhuwngx ddoongf USD nayf mua coong trais Myx, moij bieens ddoongj veef gias daauf phair thoong qua suwj ddoongf ys cuar Myx, ddoongf thowif neeus Iran, Iraq, Indonesia hoawcj Venezuela tieens hanhf caams vaanj daauf mor ddoois vowis Myx thif Araapj Saudi cos nghiax vuj phair boor xung luwowngj daauf thieeus hutj do vieecj caams vaanj gaay neen. Ngoair ra, nuwowcs nayf caanf phair ddongs vai trof

“nguwowif nhaf” trong vieecj hoaf giair cacs moois maau thuaanx cuar cacs quoocs gia tieens hanhf caams vaanj daauf mor ddoois vowis Myx. John Perkins – “sats thur kinh tees” nooir tieengs – dduwowcj phais ddeens Saudi ddeer thuwcj hieenj nhuwngx buwowcs ddi cuj theer cuar kees hoachj nayf. Trong vai trof “nhaf kinh tees hocj hangf ddaauf” cuar mootj coong ty xaay duwngj nooir tieengs thees giowis, John Perkins cos nhieemj vuj “khieens taats car cacs khoanr ddaauf tuw vafo Araapj Saudi ddatj dduwowcj hieeuj quar toots nhaats. Nois cachs khacs laf phair lamf sao cho cacs coong ty xaay duwngj vaf kieens trucs cuar Myx trngs thaauf” (23) (John Perkins. Lowif thus tooij cuar mootj sats thur kinh tees (Confessions of an Economic Hit Man) - Berrett-Koehler Publishers, Inc, San Francisco 2004). Sau khi trair qua mootj phen lao taam khoor tuws, John Perkins baats chowtj linh camr rawngf, suwj cachs bieetj giuwax baayf cuwuf treen ddaij looj owr thur ddoo Riyadh cuar Araapj Saudi vaf coong cuoocj hieenj ddaij hoas laf quas xa, vieecj kieens thieets cacs thanhf phoos cos quy moo lowns cos theer mang veef raats nhieeuf dollar daauf mor. Mawtj khacs, John Perkins thuwaf bieets cacs nhaf kinh tees hocj cuar cacs nuwowcs thanhf vieen OPEC gaof thets yeeu caauf tieens hanhf cuoocj coong nghieepj hoas ddoois vowis nganhf daauf mor ddeer cos dduwowcj neenf coong nghieepj tinh luyeenj daauf hieenj ddaij nhawmf thu dduwowcj lowij nhuaanj cao hown so vowis xuaats khaaur daauf thoo. John Perkins nghix ddeens mootj phuwowng ans giair quyeets cos theer dungf ddeer chi trar cho thieets bij xuwr lys racs hieenj ddaij hoas ddawts ddor nhaats cuar Myx. Vieecj xaay duwngj thanhf phoos Riyadh theo kieeur Myx cungx ddoif hoir phair suwr dungj hangf loatj sanr phaamr tinh vi nhaats cuar Myx. Owr phuwowng dieenj coong nghieepj, ddoongf dollar daauf mor sex dduwowcj dungf vaof vaanj chuyeenr daauf thoo, veef phuwowng dieenj xaay duwngj cow sowr gia coong daauf thoo, cacs khu coong nghieepj gia coong daauf khoongr loof sex mocj leen giuwax sa macj, xung quanh chungs laf nhuwngx coong vieen coong nghieepj cowx lowns, nhuwngx nhaf mays phats ddieenj khoongr loof, heej thoongs ddieenj vaf vaanj hanhf ddieenj, dduwowngf cao toocs, dduwowngf oongs daanx daauf, heej thoongs tin, phi truwowngf, cangr bieenr vaf heej thoongs cacs nganhf dichj vuj khoongr loof awn theo.

Kees hoachj cuar John Perkins dduwowcj chia lamf hai loaij hangj mucj lowns: loaij thuws nhaats laf howpj ddoongf kieens thieets thi coong phaanf cuwngs cow sowr, loaij thuws hai laf howpj ddoongf dichj vuj vaf quanr lys daif hanj. Cacs loaij coong ty cuar Myx nhuw MAIN, Bachtel, Brown & Root, Halliburton, Stone & Webster trong maays chucj nawm towis ddeeuf kieems dduwowcj voo soos lowij nhuaanj. John Perkins conf nghix ddeens mootj vieenx canhr xa hown nhawmf duy trif nganhf sanr xuaats khoongr loof ddax dduwowcj taoj ra treen bans ddaor A raapj: Xaay duwngj cow sowr quaan suwj cuar Myx, howpj ddoongf coong nghieepj quoocs phongf vaf mootj loatj cacs howpj ddoongf cuar cacs hoatj ddoongj cos lieen quan khacs, bao goomf car howpj ddoongf quanr lyf vaf dichj vuj lowns. Maf taats car nhuwngx ddieeuf nayf sex taoj ra mootj lanf songs howpj ddoongf xaay duwngj coong trinhf mowis, chawngr hanj nhuw cacs hangj mucj tuwowng quan vowis cacs howpj ddoongf treen nhuw saan bay quaan suwj, cawn cuws ddanj ddaoj, trung taam huaans luyeenj nhaan vieen. Mucj tieeu chinhs cuar John Perkins laf lamf sao ddeer phaanf lowns luwowngj dollar daauf mor chayr nguwowcj veef Myx ddoongf thowif khieens toanf booj nguoonf lowij tuwcs thu dduwowcj tuwf nhuwngx khoanr khoongr loof nayf ddoor vaof cacs coong ty Myx. Nguwowif daan Araapj Saudi sex camr thaays heets suwcs tuwj haof truwowcs dangs daaps ddoo thij cuar ddaats nuwowcs minhf vaf vowis vieecj xaay duwngj cacs cow sowr coong gnhieepj “hieenj ddaij hoas” nhuw vaayj, Araapj Saudi sex trowr thanhf hinhf maaux khieens cacs quoocs gia OPEC khacs muoons noi theo. Kees hoachj xuaats sawcs cungf khar nawng thuyeets phucj cuar John Perkins khieens cho cacs oong chur phias sau haauj truwowngf heets suwcs haif longf. Vowis mootj kees hoachj nhuw vaayj, trong chuyeens coong du ddeens Araapj Saudi vaof nawm 1974, tieens six Kissinger ddax xacs ddinhj chinhs sachs quan trongj cuar ddoongf dollar daauf mor. Ddoongf dollar Myx chao ddaor trong muwa gios ddax thoats khoir suwj khoongs chees cuar banr vij vangf, cuoois cungf ddax timf dduwowcj nowi lanhs nanj – daauf mor.

9. Ronald Wilson Reagan bij ams sats – hy vongj cuoois cungf nghieenf nats banr vij vangf

Cho duf treen phamj vi thees giowis, chees ddooj banr vij vangf ddax dduwowcj loaij bor hoanf toanf, chir truwf mootj soos raats its quoocs gia nhuw Thuyj Six vaanx conf duy trif chees ddooj nayf. Nhuw vaayj, giuwax vangf vaf tieenf giaays ddax khoong conf baats cuws moois quan heej rangf buoocj naof, nhuwng ddieeuf khieens cacs nhaf ngaan hangf quoocs tees awn khoong ngon ngur khoong yeen chinhs laf gias vangf thees giowis tawng lieen tucj trong suoots thaapj nieen 70. Ddieeuf nayf buoocj cacs nhaf ngaan hangf quoocs tees phair timf moij cachs uwu tieen cho vieecj ngawn chawnj suwj phucj hooif cuar chees ddooj banr vij vangf. Ngayf 1 thangs 1 nawm 1975, ddeer cho nguwowif daan thees giowis thaays rawngf vangf chawngr qua chir laf mootj kim loaij binhf thuwowngf ddoongf thowif lamf tawng theem nieemf tin tuyeetj ddoois cuar moij nguwowif ddoois vowis ddoongf USD, chinhs phur Myx ddax quyeets ddinhj baix bor vieecj thi hanhf leenhj caams nguwowif daan Myx sowr huwux vangf trong suoots 40 nawm. Conf cacs quoocs gia khacs thif chonj bieenj phaps ddanhs thuees nawngj ddoois vowis vangf ddeer lamf giamr nhu caauf cuar nguwowif daan ddoois vowis vangf, cos nuwowcs thaamj chis conf truwng thu thuees gias trij gia tawng cuar vangf leen ddeens 50%. Sau 40 nawm vawngs bongs vangf cungf vowis nhuwngx baats tieenj trong vieecj giao dichj mua bans kim loaij nayf, nguwowif daan Myx camr thaays ngowx ngangf truwowcs duwj luaatj baix bor leenhj caams ddoois vowis vangf. Vieecj nayf cungx chawngr taoj neen dduwowcj cucj dieenj cawng thawngr nhuw duwj ddinhj, vaf cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf quoocs tees cuoois cungf ddax thowr phaof nhej nhoms. Khi nhinf thaays John Exeter – mootj nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf – chowi dduaf vowis maays ddoongf tieenf vangf trong tay, Paul Volker – Chur tichj Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx khoong khoir hieeus kyf maf hoir rawngf: “John, tieenf vangf cuar anh dduwowcj mua owr ddaau vaayj?” Trong mootj cuoons sachs tuwaj ddeef “Taij sao phair caanf vangf”, Ernest Wilke ddax chir ra banr chaats cuar vieecj khoongs chees vangf: Bawts ddaauf tuwf nawm 1975, duwowis suwj phoois howpj chur yeeus cuar cacs thanhf vieen chur choots trong IMF, nuwowcs Myx ddax bawts daauf “ddanf aps” gias vangf thees giowis. Mucj ddichs cuar vieecj

“ddanf aps” gias vangf chinhs laf khieens cho nguwowif daan cuar cacs quoocs gia lowns tin rawngf, tieenf giaays toots hown tieenf vangf. Vieecj khoongs chees gias vangf thanhf coong sex ddamr baor quas trinhf phats hanhf tieenf giaays vowis soos luwowngj khoongr loof ddeens voo hanj. Cacs nhaf kinh tees hocj ddax thuwaf nhaanj rawngf, sau khi maats ddi nhu caauf ddawtj mua tuwf cacs cow quan chinhs phur, vangf sex bij coi laf mootj thuws hangf hoas haauf nhuw chawngr cos gias trij gif. Mootj soos nguwowif thaamj chis conf cho rawngf muwcs 25 USD/ounce vangf mowis laf “gias trij nooij taij” caur vangf. Thangs 8 nawm 1975, ddeer tieens theem mootj buwowcs trong hanhf trinhf loaij bor suwcs anhr huwowngr cuar vangf, Myx vaf cacs nuwowcs coong nghieepj phuwowng Taay ddax quyeets ddinhj khoong tawng luwowngj duwj truwx vangf cuar cacs nuwowcs. Ngoair ra IMF caanf phair bans rer 50 trieeuj ounce vangf ddeer lamf giamr gias vangf. Nhuwng gias vangf vaanx chawcs chawns nhuw cux, vaf vaof thangs 9 nawm 1979, vangf ddax tawng votj leen 430 USD/ ounce. Gias vangf lucs nayf ddax tawng gaaps muwowif maays laanf so vowis gias vangf nawm 1971. Thangs 1 nawm 1975, Booj taif chinhs Myx bawts ddaauf tieens hanhf ddowtj phats maix lowns nhaats, sau ddos luwowngj phats maix tawng tuwf 300 nghinf ounce leen 750 nghinf ounce, nhuwng vaanx khos ddeer ngawn chawnj dduwowcj vieecj buoon bans vangf. Chir ddeens thangs 11 nawm 1978, Booj taif chinhs tuyeen boos luwowngj phats maix 1,5 trieeuj ounce cao nhaats tuwf truwowcs ddeens thowif ddieemr ddos, thif gias thij truwowngf sutj xuoongs mootj chuts. Ddeens ngayf 16 thangs 10 nawm 1979, Booj taif chinhs cungx khoong theer choongs ddowx nooir, ddanhf tuyeen boos ddooir phats maix ddinhj kyf thanhf phats maix “baats ngowf”. Gias vangf owr muwcs 400 USD/ounce dduwowcj cho laf ddax phanr anhs mootj cachs howpj lys thuwcj tees phats hanhf ddoongf USD tuwf nawm 1933. Nhuwng “cuoocj khungr hoangr con tin Iran” noor ra thangs 11 nawm 1979 ddax lamf thay ddooir huwowngs ddi cuar gias vangf. Sau khi khungr hoangr bungf phats, Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx ddax tuwcs toocs tuyeen boos ddongs bawng cacs taif khoanr duwj truwx vangf

cuar Iran taij Myx. Hanhf ddoongj nayf ddax khieens ngaan hangf trung uwowng cuar cacs nuwowcs treen thees giowis camr thaays owns lanhj. Neeus nhuw nguoonf vangf cuar Iran bij ddongs bawng thif soos vangf maf moij nguwowif guwir owr Myx cungx ddeeuf sex khoong an toanf. Thees laf cacs nuwowcs tranh nhau mua vangf vaf truwcj tieeps vaanj chuyeenr veef nuwowcs ddeer caats giwx. Trong khi Iran laij doocs luwcj vets heets vangf treen thij truwowngf quoocs tees, Iraq cungx khoong chiuj khoanh tay dduwngs nhinf vaf laapj tuwcs gia nhaapj vaof hangf ngux cacs nhaf tieeu dungf sieeu caaps. Chir trong maays tuaanf, gias vangf nhayr votj leen taanj maay xanh towis muwcs 850 USD/ ounce. Toongr thoongs Ronald Wilson Reagan – nguwowif chuwngs kieens taats car nhuwngx bieens coos beer daau nayf – ddax bawts ddaauf tin chawcs rawngf, chir cos vieecj khooi phucj banr vij vangf mowis cos theer cuwus vanx dduwowcj neenf kinh tees Myx. Thangs 1 nawm 1981, Ronald Wilson Reagan vuwaf mowis leen nhaanj chuwcs ddax yeeu caauf Quoocs hooij thanhf laapj “uyr ban vangf” ddeer nghieen cuwus tinhs khar thi cuar vieecj khooi phucj banr vij vangf. Hanhf ddoongj nayf ddax truwcj tieeps xucs phamj ddeens “vungf caams” cuar cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf quoocs tees. Ngayf 30 thangs 3 nawm 1981, vuwaf mowis buwowcs vaof Nhaf Trawngs dduwowcj 69 ngayf, Ronald Wilson Reagan ddax bij mootj ker thuoocj nhoms nhuwngx nguwowif haam mooj cacs minh tinh manf bacj teen laf Hinkley bawns trungs tim. Nguwowif ta ddoonf rawngf, ker nayf lamf nhuw thees laf vif muoons thu huts suwj chus ys cuar ngooi sao manf bacj nooir tieengs Jodie Foster. Dduwowng nhieen, cungx nhuw tuyeetj ddaij dda soos cacs thichs khachs ddax tuwngf ams sats toongr thoongs Myx, nguwowif nayf cungx bij cho laf “thaanf kinh cos vaans ddeef”. Phats sungs nayf khoong chir ddax “thuwcs tinhr” toongr thoongs Ronald Wilson Reagan, maf conf daapj tawts hy vongj cuoois cungf cuar mootj soos cas nhaan trong vieecj khooi phucj banr vij vangf. Thangs 3 nawm 1982, “uyr ban vangf” goomf 17 thanhf vieen vowis tyr leej phieeus 15/2, ddax phur quyeets ys tuwowngr khooi phucj banr vij vangf; Toongr thoongs Ronald Wilson Reagan ddax nhanh chongs tor ra “bieets nghe lowif”.

Phaanf VIIICHIEENS TRANH TIEENF TEEJ – KHOONG TUYEEN MAF CHIEENS

Chungs toois gioongs nhuw mootj baayf sois dduwngs treen suwownf nuis cao troong xuoons baayf nai tow gaanf ddos. Neeus so sanhs neenf kinh tees Thailand vowis dangs daaps cuar mootj con hoor nhor cuar chaau As thif chawngr bawngf so vowis mootj con thus sawn ddax bij thuwowng. Chungs tooi chonj con thus ddax bij thuwowng, laf ddeer baor veej cho car baayf nai dduwowcj an toanf vaf manhj khoer (1) (1) Eugene Linden, Lamf thees naof ddeer gieets dduwowcj hoor?(How to Kill a Tiger?) Time Magazine Asia, 3-11-1997).Tapj chis Times, nawm 1997. Nhuw moij nguwowif ddeeuf bieets, ker naof lungx ddoanj dduwowcj nguoonf cung uwns mootj loaij hangf hoas naof ddos thif nguwowif ddos cos theer kieems dduwowcj lowij nhuaanj sieeu caaps. Maf tieenf teej laf mootj loaij hangf hoas caanf thieets cho moij nguwowif, ker naof lungx ddoanj dduwowcj vieecj phats hanhf tieenf teej cuar mootj quoocs gia, nguwowif ddos cos theer kieems dduwowcj khoanr lowij nhuaanj khoong giowis hanj. Ddaay chinhs laf nguyeen nhaan taij sao trong suoots maays trawm nawm nay, cacs nhaf ngaan hangf quoocs tees phair vawts canj taam luwcj, timf trawm phuwowng nganf kees, khoong tuwf baats cuws thur ddoanj naof ddeer lungx ddoanj bawngf dduwowcj quyeenf phats hanhf tieenf teej cuar mootj quoocs gia, Hown thees nuwax, hoj conf muoons lungx ddoanj quyeenf phats hanhf tieenf teej toanf thees giowis. Ddeer ddatj dduwowcj mucj tieeu nayf, vaof ddaauf thaapj nieen 70 cuar thees kyr 20, cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf quoocs tees ddax phats ddoongj hangf loatj cuoocj chieens tranh tieenf teej nhawmf cungr coos longf tin vaof ddoongf USD, chia cawts neenf kinh tees cacs quoocs gia ddang phats trieenr, ddoongf thowif ddanhs batj nhuwngx ddoois thur canhj tranh tieemf tang, huwowngs towis vieecj xaay duwngj mootj neenf

tangr vuwngx chawcs cho mootj “chinhs phur thees giowis”, “tieenf teej thees giowis” vaf “thu thueets thees giowis” duwowis suwj kieemr soats cuar trucj London- phoos Wall. Mucj ddichs chieens luwowcj cuar cuoocj chieens nayf chinhs laf lamf thees naof ddeer neenf kinh tees thees giowis phair dduwowcj “giair theer mootj cachs cos kieemr soats” Xin hayx luwu ys rawngf, cacs nhaf ngaan hangf quoocs tees laf mootj “taapj ddoanf lowij ichs ddawcj thuf sieeu caaps”. Hoj trung thanhf vowis baats cuws quoocs gia vaf chinhs phur naof maf trais laij conf laf luwcj luwowngj khoongs chees quoocs gia vaf chinhs phur. Trong nhuwngx giai ddoanj lichj suwr nhaats ddinhj, hoj ddax lowij dungj suwcs manhj cuar car ddoongf USD, nhuwng mootj khi ddax chuaanr bij chu ddaos, hoj cos theer taans coong ddoongf USD baats cuws khi naof hoj muoons vaf trowr thanhf mootj trong nhuwngx tacs nhaan gaay ra cuoocj khungr hoangr kinh tees sieeu caaps 1929 treen phamj vi thees giowis. Hoj muoons taanj dungj taamf anhr huwowngr cuar cuoocj khungr hoangr nghieem trongj nayf ddeer sai khieens vaf uy hieeps chinhs phur cacs nuwowcs tuwf bor quyeenf thi hanhf chinhs sachs tieenf teej khu vuwcj. Vieecj taans coong heej thoongs taif chinhs Trung Quoocs dduwowcj xacs ddinhj laf nhieemj vuj nawngj neef trong soos cacs nhieemj vuj cuar hoj. Ddos chawcs chawns khoong conf laf vaans ddeef xayr ra hay khoong, maf laf vaans ddeef khi naof vaf bawngf cachs naof. Chieens thuaatj maf hoj luwaj chonj cho cuoocj taans coong heej thoongs taif chinhs Trung Quoocs cos theer gioongs vowis chieens thuaatj suwr dungj trong cuoocj taans coong Nhaatj Banr. Truwowcs tieen, hoj sex taoj neen hieenj tuwowngj bong bongs sieeu caaps trong neenf kinh tees Trung Quoocs. Vowis suwj “hoox trowj” cuar hoj, neenf kinh tees Trung Quoocs sex cos thowif kyf phoonf vinh cuwcj thinhj trong maays nawm, gioongs nhuw owr Nhaatj Banr thowif kyf 1985 ddeens nawm 1990. Sau ddos, hoj sex ra tay trieetj haj, thuwcj hieenj ddonf taans coong taif chinhs, phas huyr nieemf tin cuar thees giowis ddoois vowis neenf kinh tees Trung Quoocs, khieens cho nguoonf voons quoocs tees vaf quoocs nooij bij dde doaj phair di chuyeenr tuws tans.

Cuoois cungf, hoj thu mua taif sanr yeeus cuar Trung Quoocs vowis gias sieeu rer, ddoongf thowif tieens hanhf “giair theer trieetj ddeer” neenf kinh tees Trung Quoocs, hoanf thanhf buwowcs khos khawn nhaats trong quas trinhf thoongs nhaats thees giowis.

1. Cuoocj chieens tranh Trung Ddoong nawm 1973: Cuoocj phanr coong cuar ddoongf USD

Thuwcj ra, khoong phair ngaaux nhieen maf cuoocj chieens tranh Trung Ddoong noor ra vaof ngayf 6 thangs 10 nawm 1973. Taij cuoocj hopj thuwowngf nieen cuar caau lacj booj Bilderberg vaof thangs 5 – 1973, 84 ddaij gia ngaan hangf quoocs tees, trumf cacs coong ty dda quoocs gia vaf cacs chinhs khachs ddax taapj trung laij ddeer timf cachs uwngs phos vowis xu huwowngs suy yeeus cuar ddoongf USD khi maats ddi suwj baor trowj cuar vangf, mootj vaans ddeef ddang khieens nguwowif ta phair ddau ddaauf. D. Rockefeller ddax daanx theo Zbigniew Brzezinski mootj tham muwu taam phucs cuar minhf – ddeens duwj hopj. Cuoocj thaor luaanj ddi ddeens keets luaanj rawngf, caanf phair chaans huwng nieemf tin voaf ddoongf USD, ddoatj laij quyeenf chur ddaoj treen chinhs truwowngf taif chinhs voons ddax vaf ddang trowr neen maats kieemr soats. Cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf quoocs tees ddax ddeef ra mootj kees hoachj ddangs sowj – ddaayr gias daauf thees giowis tawng leen 400 % (2)!(William Engdahl,   Mootj thees kyr chieens tranh: Quan ddiemer chinhs trij daauf khis Anh – Myx vaf Traatj tuwj thees giowis mowis   (A Century of War: Anglo-American Oil Politics and The New World Order) - Pluto Press, London, 2004; tr.130).Kees hoachj taos baoj nayf nhawmf ddatj maays mucj ddichs sau: Mootj mawtj, do vieecj thanh toans trong cacs giao dichj buoon bans daauf luwar treen thees giowis thuwowngf dduwowcj theer hieenj bawngf ddoongf USD neen khi gias daauf tawng leen gaaps 4 laanf, nhu caauf suwr dungj ddoongf USD cuar cacs nuwowcs treen thees giowis sex tawng leen caaps kyf, vif thees, thais ddooj coi rer ddoongf USD cuar cas nuwowcs sau khi ddoongf tieenf nayf maats ddi suwj baor trowj cur vangf, cungx sex giamr xuoongs. Mawtj khacs, vaif nawm truwowcs, do cacs “sats thur kinh tees” ddax thuwcj thi mootj cachs xuaats sawcs nhieemj vuj cuar minhf, neen raats nhieeuf quoocs gia owr chaau Myx Latin vaf

Ddoong Nam As ddax trungs phair vieen ddanj bocj dduwowngf khi mawcs nowj quas muwcs: Mootj khi gias daauf tawng manhj thif chinhs phur Myx sex thuaanj ddaf naang laix suaats leen cao, vaf cacs quoocs gia cos neenf kinh tees lacj haauj nhuwng giauf taif nguyeen nayf sex trowr thanhf mootj baayf cuwuf non beos nucs chowf ddowij ngayf gieets thitj. Ddieemr ddawcj sawcs nhaats cuar kees hoachj nayf chinhs laf trof “ngaamj maus phun nguwowif”. Xuis giucj Ai Caapj vaf Sirya taans coong vaof Israel, nhuwng nuwowcs Myx laij coong khai ungr hooj Israel ddeer chocj giaanj nguwowif Iraq. Cuoois cungf, nuwowcs Myx ddax khieens cho Iraq cungx nhuw cacs quoocs gia Araapj nooir gianaj. Vowis vieecj ban boos leenhj caams vaanj daauf mor vowis phuwowng Taay khieens cho gias daauf tawng ddootj bieens, Iraq nois rieeng vaf cacs quoocs gia Araapj nois chung trowr thanhf trung taam huwngs chiuj moij cown cuoongf nooj cuar thees giowis. Cacs nhaf ngaan hangf quoocs tees mootj mawtj ngooif xem cacs con hoor cawns xes nhau, mawtj khacs kieemr soats dongf dollar hooif luwu tuwf daauf mor. Ddungs laf nhaats cuwr luwowngx tieenj, hoj vuwaf cuwus dduwowcj thees maats gias cuar ddoongf USD, ddoatj laij dduwowcj quyeenf chur ddoongj treen mawtj traanj taif chinhs, vuwaf thuaanj tay xens sachj loong baayf cuwuf cuar cacs quoocs gia Myx Latin vaf Indonesia. Kees sachs nayf quar laf thaanf dieeuj heets suwcs. Neeus nghieen cuwus kyx nhuwngx chieeu ra tay cuar cacs ngaan hangf quoocs tees trong lichj suwr, chungs ta cos theer thaays rawngf, truwowcs sau hoj vaanx tuaan thur cachs tinhs toois uwu, mooix mootj hanhf ddoongj chieens luwowcj chinhs yeeus ddeeuf ddoongf thowif ddatj tuwf ba mucj tieeu trowr neen theo kieeur “mootj honf soir nems cheets ba con nhanj”. Nhuw vaayj, chungs ta cos theer thaays rawngf, cacs nhaf ngaan hangf quoocs tees chinhs laf nhuwngx cao thur bieets suwr dungj dduwowngf quyeenf toongr howpj. Vowis suwj howpj tacs toanf luwcj tuwf hai vij coos vaans Brzezinski vaf Kissinger, vieecj phats trieenr nuwowcs cowf thaau toms neenf taif chinhs quoocs tees hoanf toanf trong taamf duwj lieeuj cuar nhaf ngaan hangf quoocs tees Brzezinski vachj kees hoachj, conf Kissinger ddongs vai trof laf “sa hoangf” tinhf baos cuar chinhs phur Nixon, truwcj tieeps tham gia

thi hanhf kees hoachj. Trong tacs phaamr cos teen “Cuoocj chieens tranh thees kyr”, William Engdahl ddax chir ra mootj cachs sawcs bens rawngf: Kissinger coos gawngs trif hoanx moij nguoonf tin tinhf baos tuwf khu vuwcj Trung Ddoong veef Myx, bao goomf car suwj xacs nhaanj cuar tinhf baos Myx veef vieecj cacs nuwowcs Araapj ddang chuaanr bij cho cuoocj chieens tranh. Thais ddooj cuar Washington trong thowif kyf chieens tranh vaf cacs chuyeens “ngoaij giao con thoi” nooir tieengs cuar Kissinger thowif haauj chieens ddeeuf chuwngs minh rawngf, hoj ddax chaaps hanhf mootj cachs chinhs xacs dduwowngf loois cuar caau lacj booj Bilderberg taij hooij nghij thangs Nam. Iraq – quoocs gia sanr xuaats daauf mor – trowr thanhf trung taam huwns chiuj buas riuf duw luaanj, trong khi lieen minh Anh – Myx laij dduwowngf hoangf huwowngr lowij tuwf vieecj nayf (3) (William Engdahl,   Mootj thees kyr chieens tranh: Quan ddieemr chinhs trij daauf khis Anh – Myx vaf Traatj tuwj thees giowis mowis (A Century of War: Anglo-American Oil Politics and The New World Order) - Pluto Press, London, 2004, tr.136.Duwowis suwj hoox trowj vaf khoongs chees cuar Kissinger, Araapj Saudi laf quoocs gia thanhf vieen cuar toor chuwcs xuaats khaaur daauf mor (OPEC) ddaauf tieen howpj tacs vowis Myx trong vieecj dungf ddoongf dollar thu dduwowcj tuwf vieecj bans daauf mor ddeer mua coong trais Myx. Nhuw vaayj, ddoongf USD cuoois cungf cungx ddax thuwcj hieenj xong suws meenhj hooif huwowng. Nhuwng sau ddos, Kissinger ngay laapj tuwcs qua air chems tuwowngs. Ddeens nawm 1975, Hooij nghij Booj truwowngr cacs nuwows OPEC ddoongf ys chir dungf ddoongf USD keets toans trong cacs giao dichj daauf mor, mowr cuwar mootj thowif kyf huwng thinhj cho heej thoongs tieenf teej thees giowis – thowif kyf ddoongf tieenf thees giowis bawts ddaauf aps dungj chees ddooj “banr vij daauf”. Gias daauf mor tawng ddootj bieens ddax khieens cho nhu caauf suwr dungj ddoongf USD keets toans trong giao dichj daauf mor cungx tawng leen, nhowf ddos ddoongf USD nhanh chongs laays laij dduwowcj vij thees cuar nos treen thij truwowngf quoocs tees. Tuwf nawm 1949 ddeens 1970, gias daauf mor thees giwois luoon oonr ddinhj owr muwcs 1.9 dollar/ thungf. Tuwf nawm 1970 ddeens nawm 1973, gias daauf tawng leen 3 dollar / thungf. Sau khi cuoocj chieens

tranh Trung Ddoong bungf noor vaof ngayf 16 thangs 10 nawm 1973, OPEC ddax ddaayr gias daauf theem 70%, ddatj muwcs 5,11 dollar/ thungf. Ngayf 1 thangs 1 nawm 1974, gias daauf laij tawng leen gaaps ddooi, ddatj muwcs 11,65 dollar/thungf. Nhuw vaay, gias daauf mor truwowcs hooij nghij Bilderberg nawm 1973 cho ddeens thangs Gieeng nawm 1974 quar nhieen tawng gaanf 400%. Nawm 1974, do khoong nawms dduwowcj tinhf hinhf, toongr thoongs Nixon ddax leenhj cho Booj taif chinhs Myx gia tawng aps luwcj leen OPEC, khieens cho gias daauf giamr xuoong. Trong banr ghi nhows, sau khi bieets dduwowcj nooij tinhf cuar vuj vieecj, mootj quan chuwcs chinhs phur ddax vieets rawngf: “cacs ddaij gia ngaan hangf ddax phowts lowf chir thij nayf cuar Nixon vaf nhaans manhj vieecj aps dungj sachs luwowcj “hooif luwu dollar daauf mor” nhawmf ddoois phos vowis gias daauf cao. Ddaay laf motoj quyeets ddinhj mang tinhs soongs conf”. Theo ddaf tawng gias cuar daauf mor, nanj lamj phats tieenf teej vowis hai con soos ddax bungf phats owr cacs nuwowcs, nguoonf tichs luyx cuar nguwwif daan bij tuwowcs ddoatj. Vaf ddieeuf ddangs tieecs laf cacs quoocs gia ddang phats trieenr khoong heef cos chuts ddeef phongf naof ddoois vowis thamr hoaj nayf. Engdahl giair thichs rawngf: Vieecj gias daauf thees giowis tawng ddootj ngootj ddeens 400% ddax gaay neen chaans ddoongj raats lowns ddoois vowis nhuwngx neenf kinh tees laays daauf mor lamf nguoonf nawng luwowngj chur yeeu. Ddaij dda soos cacs neenf kinh tees thieeus nguoonf daaauf mor ddeeuf baats ngowf vaf khos cos khar nawng chi trar khi gias daauf cao ngaats nguwowngr nhuw vaayj, chuwa keer ddeens mootj nguy cow tieemf aanr laf gias thanhf cuar sanr phaamr noong nghieepj phuj thuoocj nguoonf nawng luwowngj daauf mor cungx theo ddos maf tawng cao. Nawm 1973, thuwowng maij Aans Ddooj ddatj muwcs xuaats sieeu, trowr thanhf neenf kinh tees phats trieenr vuwngx manh. Ddeens nawm 1974, duwj truwx ngoaij hoois cuar Aans Ddooj ddatj muwcs 629 trieeuj USD. Tuwowng tuwj nhuw vaayj, nawm 1974, mootj loatj cacs nuwowcs nhuw Sudan, Pakistan, Philippines, Thailand, chaau Phi vaf Myx Latin ddeeuf phair ddoois mawtj vowis tinhf trangj thaam hutj thuwowng maij. Cawn

cuws vaof thoongs kee cuar Quys tieenf teej quoocs tees IMF, muwcs thaam hutj maauj dichj cuar cacs nuwowcs ddang phats trieenr nawm 1974 laf 35 tyr USD – mootj con soos khoongr loof thowif ddos. Ddieeuf thus vij laf, muwcs thaam hutj nayf taaps 4 laanf so vowis nawm 1973, hay nois cachs khacs, tyr leej thuaanj vowis muwcs tawng gias daauf thees giowis. Neenf sanr xuaats coong nghieepj vaf maauj dichj hungf manhj ddaauf thaapj nieen 70 ddax bij thay thees bowir suwj ddieeu tanf trong maauj dichj vaf coong nghieepj treen phamj vi toanf thees giowis nawm 1974 ddeens nawm 1975 maf muwcs nghieem trongj cuar nos dduwowcj coi laf lowns nhaats keer tuwf khi chieens tranh thees giowis laanf thuws hai keets thucs (4) (4) William Engdahl,   Mootj thees kyr chieens tranh: Quan ddieemr chinhs trij daauf khis Anh – Myx vaf traatj tuwj thees giowis mowis   (A Century of War: Anglo-American Oil Politics and The New World Order) - Pluto Press, London, 2004, tr. 140.Vaof thaapj nieen 70 cuar thees kyr 20, raats nhieeuf quoocs gia ddang phats trieenr tieens hanhf coong cuoocj coong nghieepj hoas ddax bij phuj thuoocj vaof khoanr vay laix suaats thaaps cuar Ngaan hangf thees giowis, theem vaof ddos, gias daauf mor tawng manhj khieens cho phaanf lowns luwowngj voons cuar cacs quoocs gia nayf bij gias daauf cao nuoots chuwngr.Cacs quoocs gia nayf buoocj phair ddoois mawtj vowis nguy cow hoawcj laf duwngf hawnr quas trinhf coong nghieepj hoas vowis khar nawng khoong theer hoanf trar heets cacs khoanr nowj khoongr loof cho Ngaan hangf thees giowis, hoawcj laf phair tieeps tucj vay nhieeuf tieenf hown nuwax tuwf Ngaan hangf thees giwois ddeer mua daauf vaf vaf hoanr trar nhuwngx khoanr laix vay khoongr loof. Conf cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf quoocs tees bawts tay vowis IMF ddax giawng luwowis ddowij sawnx con mooif. IMF dduwa ra mootj loatj cacs ddieeuf kieenj vieenj trowj haf khawcs ddoongf thowif eps buoocj cacs quoocs gia ddang phats trieenr ddang reeuj rax vif nowj naan kia phair uoongs “boons lieeuf thuoocs IMF”: tuw huwux hoas cacs nguoonf taif sanr cow banr cuar quoocs gia, tuwj do hoas thij truwowngf voons, thij truwowngf hoas cacs yeeus toos sinh hoatj cow banr vaf quoocs tees hoas maauj dichj tuwjdo. Mootj khi ddax uoongs thuws thuoocs nayf

rooif, phaanf lowns cacs quoocs gia neeus khoong tawcs tuwr thif cungx ngawcs ngoair, cacs bieetj cos nhuwngx quoocs gia cos tieemf luwcj manhj cungx rowi vaof canhr nguyeen khis toonr haij nanwgj, daan ngheof nuwowcs yeeus. Chinhs vaof lucs cacs quoocs gia ddang phats trieenr vungf vaayx gox cuwar khawps nowi hongf vay muwownj ddoongf USD ddeer nhaapj khaaur daauf mor vowis gias ddawts ddor thif laij cos mootj luwowix taamf sets ddang chowf ddowij hoj.

2. Paul Warburg: Chur truwowng “giair theer cos kieemr soats” neen kinh tees thees giowis

Warburg trung cuwr chuwcs Chur tichj Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx laf bowir oong dduwowcj phoos Wall luwaj chonj. Ddaay laf suwj ddinhj gias cuar hoj. Ddieeuf maf ai cungx bieets chinhs laf oong ta thoong minh vaf baor thur, nhuwng ddieeuf maf chawngr ai bieets chinhs laf oong ta sawps taoj neen mootj cuoocj thay ddooir lowns. Nhaf suwr hocj Charles R. Geisst. Nawm 1973, vif muoons tawng cuwowngf moois quan heej giuwax giowis taif chinhs cuar Bawcs Myx, Taay Aau vaf Nhaatj Banr, vowis suwj ddeef xuwowngs tuw vaaans cuar Brezezinski neen D. Rockefeller – Chur tichj ngaan hangf Chase Mahattan cuar Myx- ddax thanhf laapj mootj toor chuwcs goij laf uyr ban ba been Myx, Aau, Nhaatj. Thanhf vieen chur yeeus cuar uyr ban nayf laf mootj soos ddaij gia ngaan hangf, cacs doanh nghieepj teen tuooir vaf cacs chinhs trij gia nooir tieengs cuar Bawcs Myx, Taay Aau vaf Nhaatj Banr. Truj sowr cuar uyr ban nayf dduwowcj ddawtj owr ba nowi: New York, Paris vaf Tokyo, mooix nowi cos mootj vij chur tichj. Chur tichj owr New York dduwowng nhieen laf D. Rockefeller, conf Brzezinski – nguwowif dduwowcj coi laf tham muwu taam phuccs cuar D. Rockefeller – ddamr nhaanj vieecj chur trif moij hoatj ddoongj thuownwgf ngayf cuar truj sowr nayf. Brzezinski cos mootj nguwowif banj thaan laf giaos suw giangr dayj taij Ddaij hocj Columbia teen laf Dean Rusk – mootj coong daan bang Georgia, ddax tuwngf giuwx chuwcs Booj truwonwgr ngoaij giao duwowis thowif Kennedy Johnson. Oong ta ddeef nghij Brzezinski mowif thoongs ddoocs bang Georgia laf Carter tham giam vaof uyr ban ba been nayf, ddoongf

thowif conf ca ngowij dduwcs tinhs quyeets ddoans vaf taamf nhinf chinhs trij cuar Carter. Vowis suwj giowis thieeuj nhieetj tinhf cuar Rusk, Brzezinski ddax hai laanf gawpj Carter. Vuwaf gawpj nhau, Brzezinski ddax thaays keets ngay vowis Carter ddoongf thowif cho rawngf, trong tuwowng lai, nhaats dinhj Carter sex lamf neen vieecj lowns. Vif thees, Brzezinski raats muoons mowif Carter veef lamf vieecj vowis minhf, nhuwng do ddang dduwowng chuwcs coongj theem danh tieengs khi ddos maf Carter camr thaays khos nhaanj theem chuwcs thanhf vieen cuar uyr ban ba been. Vaayj laf, Brzezinski ra suwcs khen ngowij Carter vaf truwcj tieeps tieens cuwr Carter vowis D. Rockefeller. Chur thichj uyr ban chaaps hanhf ba been ddax chaaps nhaanj Carter. Chinhs vif vaayj maf teen tuooir cuar Jimmy Carter – Thoongs ddoocs bang Georgia bes nhor – ddax dduwowcj lieetj vaof danh sachs cacs thanhf vieen cuar Myx trong uyr ban ba been. Ddaay laf mootj buwowcs ngoatj heets suwcs quan trongj ddoois vowis Carter ddeer nawm nawm sau oong ta ddawacs cuwr toongr thoongs. Sau khi Carter trowr thanhf oong chur Nhaf Trawngs vaof nawm 1977, Brzezinski dduwowng nhieen trowr thanhf trowj lys an ninh quoocs gia cuar toongr thoongs Carter. Veef banr chaats thif Brzezinski ddax laf “nhieeps chinhs” trong vai trof ddaij dieenj cho caccs ddaij gia ngaan hangf quoocs tees, vai trof cuar oong ta cungx gioongs nhuw Kissinger duwowis thowif Nixon. Nawm 1978, Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx khuyeets vij tris Chur tichj – mootj vij tris maf cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf quoocs tees heets suwcs coi trongj. D. Rockefeller ddax tieens cuwr Paul Warburg – mootj nhaan vaatj thaan tins cuar minhf – vowis Carter cho chuwcs vuj nayf. Toongr thoongs Carter khoong conf cachs naof khacs laf phair chaaps nhaanj ddeef xuaats ddos. Towf New York Times ddax dduwa ra binhf luaanj rawngf “vieecj boor nhieemj Warburg ddax nhaanj dduwowcj suwj ddoongf tinhf cuar ngaan hangf chaau Aau owr Bonn, Frankfurt vaf Thuyj Six”. Phanr uwngs laij vowis thoong tin nayf, thij truwowngf coor phieeus New York voonsd dang treen ddaf tawng gias ddax votj theem 9,73 ddieemr, trong choocs lats, ddoongf USD cungx manhj leen troong thaays treen thij truwowngf quoocs tees.

Keer tuwf khi Eugene Meyer tuwf chuwcs Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx vaof nawm 1933 ddeens nay, cacs thanhf vieen trong dongf hoj ngaan hangf quoocs tees ddax ruts lui khoir tuyeens ddaauf cuar thij truwowngf taif chinhs vaf khoongs chees suwj vaanj hanhf cuar Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx bawngf cachs luwaj chonj gawts gao nhuwngx nhaan vaatj quan trongj trong vij tris Giams ddoocs Ngaan hangf New York thuoocj Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang. Warburg laf mootj suwj luwaj chonj toois uwu cuar hoj. Truwowcs ddos, Paul Warburg ddax toots nghieepj Ddaij hocj Princeton vaf Harvard, sau ddos theo hocj khoas ddaof taoj chuyeen saau owr Hocj vieenj kinh tees London (London Scholl of Economics). Thaapj nieen 50, oong lamf vieecj taij Ngaan hangf New York thuoocj Cucj Duwjt truwx Lieen bang Myx vowis tuw cachs laf motoj nhaf kinh tees hocj, sau ddos lamf vieecj cho Chase Mahattan Bank, ddeens thaapj nieen 60 laij chuyeenr sang lamf vieecj owr Booj taif chinhs ddoongf thowif laf mootj trong nhuwngx nhaan vaatj chinhs tham gia vaf thuwcj thi tichs cuwcj chieens dichj phees bor banr vij vangf duwowis thowif Nixon. Nawm 1974, oong bawts ddaauf ddamr nhieemj vij tris Giasm ddoocs Ngaan hangf New York thuoocj Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx, chij trachs nhieemj giams sats moij hoatj ddoongj cuar Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang. Ngayf 9 thangs 11 nawm 1978, trong mootj baif dieenx thuyeets taij Ddaij hocj Warwick, vowis khis thees phaans chaans, Warburg tieets looj: “Vieecj “giair theer cos kieemr soats” neenf kinh tees thees giowis owr muwcs ddooj naof ddos laf mootj mucj tieeu howpj lys cuar thaapj nieen 80” (5) (5) Trichs baif dieenx thuyeets taij Truwowngf ddaij hocj Warwick, Coverry, Anh, ngayf 9-11-1978).Vaans ddeef laf giair theer ai vaf giair theer nhuw thees naof? Ddoois tuwowngj cuar coong cuoocj giair theer nayf dduwowng nhieen laf cacs nuwowcs thuoocj thees giowis thuws ba ddang nowj naanf choongf chaats, tieeps ddeens laf Lieen Xoo vaf Ddoong Aau. Vuwaf mowis leen nhaanj chuwcs Warburg ddax phaats cao ngonj cowf coong kichs nanj “lamj phats tieenf teej treen phamj vi toanf thees giowis”, phoois howpj chawtj chex vowis ddoongf minh Anh khieens cho cacs khoanr vay bawngf ddoongf dollar trowr neen cos gias ddeens muwcs khoong gif sanhs nooir. Laix suaats binhf quaan tawng tuwf 12% nawm

79 leen 20% nawm 1981, laix suaats cow banr cao hown ddeens 21,5%, laix suaats coong trais tawng votj leen 17,3%. Thangs 5 nawm 1979, khi trowr thanhf Thur tuwowngs Anh, Thatcher tuyeen boos rawngf “caanf phair loaij bor nanj lamj phats tieenf teej ra khoir neenf kinh tees”. Mowis leen nawms quyeenf dduwowcj moot thangs, baf ddax dduwa muwcs laix suaats cow banr tuwf 12% tawng leen 17% chir trong vongf 12 tuaanf, ddaayr gias thanhf khoanr vay nowj cuar cacs nganhf ngheef tawng cao ddootj bieetns leen 42% - mootj ddieeuf chuwa tuwngf xayr ra owr mootj nuwowcs naof trong soos cacs quoocs gia coong nghieeepj hoas thowif kyf hoaf binhf. Vif thees maf Thatcher ddax dduwowcj meenhj danh laf “baf ddaamf theps”. Cais gias phair trar cho chinhs sachs “choongs lamj phats tieenf teej” laf neenf kinh tees ddax rowi vaof tinhf trangj suy thoais nghieem trongj, nguwowif daan vaf giowis thuwowng nghieepj phair ganhs chiuj nooix thoongs khoor, torng khi cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf Anh – Myx laij kieems dduwowcj booij tieenf. Cacs khaaur hieeuj nhuw cawts giamr chi tieeu chinhs phur, giamr thuees, xoas bor kieemr soats ngheef nghieepj, ddanhs ddoor luwcj luwowngj coong ddoanf….dduwowcj xuwowngs leen vang taanj maay xanh. Cacs quoocs gia ddang phats trieenr ngayf cangf laam vaof canhr nowj naanf vaf ddoois mawtj vowis nguy cow khos cos khar nawng chi trar traamf trongj. Lucs nayf, nowj caur cacs quoocs gia ddang phats trieenr tawng tuwf 130 tyr USD vaof thangs 5 nawm 1973 – thowif ddieemr dieenx ra hooij ngij Bilderberg – leen muwcs 612 tyr USD vaof nawm 1982, nghiax laf gaaps 5 laanf. Trong khi Anh vaf Myx phaats cao khaaur hieeuj “choongs lamj phats tieenf teej”, ddaayr laix suaats tawng cao ddootj ngootj leen khoangr 20% thif muwcs laix suaats cawts coor tuwf nhuwngx khoanr nowj keechs xuf ddax khieens cacs quoocs gia ddang phats trieenr laam vaof canhr “cas nawmf treen thowts”. Cacs nuwowcs A, Phi, Myx Latin voons khoong heef cos ys thuwcs ddeef phongf cuoocj chieens tranh tieenf teej ddax phair trar gias ddawts cho suwj low laf cuar minhf.

Taij hooij nghij Ddaij hooij ddoongf Lieen howpj quoocs ngayf 30 thangs 9 nawm 1982, Chultz – Booj truwowngr ngoaij giao Myx ddax chir ra rawngf, Quyx tieenf teej quoocs tees caanf phair tawng cuwowngf vieecj ddoocs thucs trar nowj cuar cacs quoocs gia ddang phats trieenr. Oong keeu goij cacs quoocs gia nayf phair lamf thees naof ddeer khieens cho hangf hoas xuaats khaaur cuar hoj trowr neen “haaps daan phuwowng Taay hown”. Oong cungx cho rawngf, chir cos “maauj dichj tuwj do” mowis cos theer cuwus vanx dduwowcj hoj, ngoaif ra, vieecj tawng cuwowngf muwcs ddooj xuaats khaaur taif nguyeen cos theer giups cacs nuwowcs nayf ddaayr nhanh quas trinhf hoanf trar heets cacs khoanr nowj cuar hoj. Lopez Portillo – toongr thoongs Mehico – ddax thawngr thawns vachj mawtj muwu ddoof nayf khi cho rawngf, sachs luwowcj cuar cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf quoocs tees Anh – Myx chinhs laf vieecj suwr dungj con dao hai luwowix – laix suaats cao vaf gias car nguyeen vaatj lieeuj tawng cao – nhawmf bops nghetj cacs thanhf tuwuj maf cacs quoocs gia ddang phats trieenr cos dduwowcj ddoongf thowif lamf maats ddi khar nawng tieens booj cuar cacs quoocs gia conf laij. Saau xa hown, oong yeeu caauf cacs quoocs gia ddang phats trieenr caanf phair nguwngf ngay vieecj chi trar cacs khoanr nowj bawngf cachs chir ra rawngf: Mehicos vaf cacs nuwowcs thuoocj thees giowis thuws ba khacs khoong theer hoanf trar nowj ddungs hanj neeus cawn cuws vaof nhuwngx ddieeuf kieenj sai leechj quas nhieeuf so vowis thuwcj tees. Laf nhuwngx nuwowcs ddang phats trieenr chungs tooi khoong muoons trowr thanhf nhuwngx ker phuj thuoocj vaof cacs nuwowcs phuwowng Taay. Chungs tooi khoong theer lamf tee lieetj neenf kinh tees cuar nuwowcs minhf hoawcj kieens cho nguwowif daan rowi vaof tinhf canhr bi thamr hown khi hoanf trar nhuwngx khoanr nowj nayf. Chi phis cho cacs khoanr nowj nayf ddax tawng leen ba laanf rooif nhuwng chungs tooi khoong heef dduwowcj hoir ys kieens, vif thees, chungs tooi khoong chiuj trachs nhieemj veef vaans ddeef nayf. Chungs tooi ddang noox luwcj ddeer giamr thieeur nanj ddois ngheof, beenhj taatj, thieeus hieeur bieets, suwj ir laij vaf nhuwngx noox luwcj nayf khoong theer gaay neen nguy cow khungr hoangr mang tinhs quoocs tees (6) (William Engdahl,   Mootj thees kyr chieens tranh: Quan heej chinhs trij daauf khis Anh – Myx vaf Traatj

tuwj thees giowis mowis   (A Century of War: Anglo-American Oil Politics and The New World Order) - Pluto Press, London, 2004, tr.190).Ddieeuf ddangs tieecs laf Portillo ddax buoocj phair tuwf nhieemj sau hai thangs keer tuwf khi phats ngoon taij Ddaij hooij ddoongf Lieen howpj quoocs. Nguwowif kees nhieemj Portillo laf mootj nhaan vaatj dduwowcj cacs ddaij gia ngaan hangf quoocs tees ungr hooj. Trong vai trof “canhr sats duy trif traatj tuwj cho vay”, IMF ddax buoocj Mehico hoanf thanhf nghiax vuj trar nowj cuar minhf. Engle ddax mieeu tar veef khoangr thowif gian lichj suwr nayf nhuw sau:Hanhf ddoongj awn cuwowps cos toor chuwcs vowis quy moo lowns nhaats trong lichj suwr hieenj ddaij bawts ddaauf dieenx ra. Quy moo cuar nos ddax vuwowtj qua nhuwngx hoatj ddoongj tuwowng tuwj trong thaapj nieen 20. Nos tuwowng phanr hoanf toanf vowis tinhf hinhf maf giowis truyeenf thoong Taay Aau hoawcj Myx coos tinhf che giaaus. Cacs nuwowcs vay nowj ddax haonf trar xong nowj naanf cho Sherlock cuar New York vaf London hieenj ddaij. Sau thangs 8 nawm 1982, cacs nuwowcs ddang phats trieenr khoong nhuwngx khoong trar nowj maf conf tor ra baats howpj tacs. Nhuwng trong tinhf canhr bij IMF truy eps, hoj ddax buoocj phair ddawtj buts kys vaof mootj banr thoar thuaanj vowis cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf vowis teen goij raats myx mieeuf “Phuwowng ans giair quyeets nowj” (7) (William Engdahl,   Mootj thees kyr chieens tranh: Quan ddieemr chinhs trij dauf khis Anh – Myx vaf Traatj tuwj thees giowis mowis   (A Century of War: Anglo-American Oil Politics and The New World Order) - Pluto Press, London, 2004, tr.192).Vieecj cho vay cuar IMF chir dduwowcj thuwcj hieenj sau khi nuwowcs vay nowj ddawtj buts kys vaof mootj loatj cacs “ddieeuf khoanr ddawcj bieetj”, bao goomf: cawts giamr chi tieeu chinhs phur, naang cao thuees suaats, giamr gias tieenf teej. Sau ddos, neeus nowj laij bij keos daif laanf nuwax, cacs quoocs gia ddang phats trieenr conf phair chi tieeps mootj khoanr “phis dichj vuj” cho cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf quoocs tees, vaf dduwowcj ghi vaof trong tieenf goocs cuar nowj vay. Mehico buoocj phair cawts giamr trowj caaps chinhs phur ddoois vowis duwowcj phaamr, thuwcj phaamr, chaats ddoots vaf cacs nhu yeeus phaamr khacs trong ddowif soongs, ddoongf thowif ddoongf pe- soo bij giamr gias xuoongs ddeens muwcs thamr haij. Ddaauf nawm 1982, vowis

hangf loatj bieenj phaps cair cachs kinh tees cuar toongr thoongs Portillo, tyr gias cuar ddoongf Pee – soo ddoois vowis USD laf 12 Peesoo awn 1 USD, conf ddeens nawm 1989, tyr gias Peso ddoosi vowis ddoongf USD ddax leen ddeens 2300:1, neenf kinh tees Mehico treen thuwcj tees ddax bij cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf quoocs tees “giair theer cos kieemr soats”. Theo thoongs kee cuar Ngaan hangf thees giowis, tuwf nawm 1980 ddeens nawm 1986, toongr soos tieenf maf hown 100 quoocs gia mawcs nowj treen thees giowis phair chi trar cho cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf quoocs tees laf 658 tyr USD, trong ddos khoanr laix maf hoj phair trar laf 326 tyr USD, conf tieenf voons laf 332 tyr USD. Ddeens nawm 1987, khoanr nowj laf 109 quoocs gais caanf phair trar cho cacs nhaf ngaan hangf quoocs tees laf 1.300 tyr USD. Vowis cachs tinhs theo kieeur laix mej dder laix con kinh hoangf nhuw vaayj, raats cos theer cacs quoocs gia ddang phats trieenr sex chawngr bao giowf hoanf trar heets khoanr nowj nayf. Cho neen, cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf quoocs tees vaf IMF ddax bawts ddaauf thuwcj thi chinhs sachs phas sanr ddeer thanh toans nowj ddoois vowis cacs quoocs gia vay nowj. Cacs quoocs gia chaaps nhaanj “phuwowng ans giair quyeets nowj vay” cuar oong trumf ngaan hangf bij eps phair bans ddi cacs taif sanr chur choots vowis gias rer nhuw beof, chawngr hanj heej thoongs cung caaps nuwowcs, ddieenj luwcj, khis thieen nhieen, dduwowngf sawts, ddieenj thoaij, daauf mor, ngaan hangf. Roots cucj thif moij nguwowif cungx nhaanj ra dduwowcj muwcs ddooj sats thuwowng “giair theer cos kieemr soats” do cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf quoocs tees hoachj ddinhj!

3. Ngaan hangf baor toonf mooi truwowngf thees giowis: Kieemr soats 30% lucsj ddiaj trais ddaats

Trong khi cacs quoocs gia ddang phats trieenr khu vuwcj A – Phi vaf Myx Latin laam vaof canhr nowj naanf, cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf quoocs tees laij bawts ddaauf leen mootj kees hoachj hieemr ddoocj hown, vuwowtj quas suwcs tuwowngr tuwownj cuar moij nguwowif. Khoong ai cos theer ngowf rawngf “baor veej mooi truwowngf” laij trowr thanhf ddonf baayr trong mootj aam muwu lowns hown.

Neeus khoong nhinf nhaanj vaans ddeef tuwf gocs ddooj lichj suwr, chungs ta khoong theer hieeur dduwowcj uy luwcj khungr khieeps cuar cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf quoocs tees!Ddaauf thangs 8 nawm 1963, John Doe – mootj giaos suw xax hooij hocj cuar truwowngf Ddaij hocj nooir tieengs vungf Trung – Taay nuwowcs Myx – nhaanj dduwowcj lowif mowif tuwf Washington vowis ddeef nghij oong neen tham duwj cuoocj hooij thaor veef mootj coong trinhf nghieen cuwus bis maatj. Muwowif lawm chuyeen gia tham gia vaof kees hoachj nayf ddeeuf laf cacs hocj giar hangf ddaauf cuar cacs truwowngf ddaij hocj danh tieengs owr Myx. John Doe ddax ddeens Iron Moutain – nowi hooij nghij dieenx ra – vowis mootj suwj hieeus kyf.Iron Mountain nawmf canhj thanhf phoos Hudson cuar bang New York. Nowi ddaay cos haamf ngaanf raats lowns xaay duwngj tuwf thowif chieens tranh lanhj ddeer ddeef phongf choongs suwj taans coong hatj nhaan cuar Lieen Xoo. Haauf nhuw cacs coong ty lowns nhaats cuar nuwowcs Myx nuw coong ty New Jersey Oil Standard, Coong ty daauf khis Shell vaf Coong ty uyr thacs chees taoj Hannover ddeeuf ddawtj truj sowr lamf vieecj laam thowif owr nowi nayf. Neeus chieens tranh hatj nhaan bungf noor, nowi ddaay sex trowr thanhf trung taam vaanj hanhf thuwowng nghieepj quan trongj nhaats quan trongj nhaats cuar nuwowcs Myx. Vif thees, duf chieens tranh hatj nhaan cos xayr ra thif heej thoongs thuwowng nghieepj Myx vaanx cos theer hoatj ddoong. Binhf thuwowngf, nowi nayf dduwowcj dungf lamf nowi caats giuwx cacs vawn kieenj, hoof sow bis maatj cuar cacs taapj ddoanf kinh tees hangf ddaauf nuwowcs Myx. Ddeer taif cuar nhoms nghieen cuwus bis maatj nayf laf neeus nhuw thees giowis buwowcs vaof giai ddoanj hoaf binhf vinhx vieenx thif nuwowcs Myx sex phair ddoois mawtj vowis thachs thuwcs naof, sachs luwowcj uwngs phos cuar Myx ra sao. Nhoms nghieen cuwus nayf ddax lamf vieecj lieen tucj trong thowif gian hai nawm ruwowix. Nawm 1967, nhoms nghieen cuwus goomf 15 nguwowif nayf ddax hoanf thanhf mootj banr baos caos tuyeetj maatj. Cacs tacs giar cuar banr baos caos nayf dduwowcj chinhs phur yeeu caauf phair baor maatj hoanf toanf. Nhuwng giaos suw John Doe thif cho rawngf banr baos caos nayf quas quan trongj, khoong theer khoong coong boos cho coong chungs bieets.

Vif thees, oong timf ddeens nhaf vawn nooir tieengs Leonard Lewin, vaf vowis suwj giups ddowx cuar nhaf vawn nayf, nawm 1967, banr baos caos nayf ddax dduwowcj Nhaf xuaats banr Dial Press cho ra mawts duwowis cais teen “Banr baos caos ddeens tuwf nuis sawts” (Report From Iron Mountain). Sau khi dduwowcj tung ra, banr baos caos nayf ddax gaay soocs cho taats car moij nguwowif trong xax hooij Myx. Moij nguwowowif ddoans giaf ddoans non chawngr bieets ai laf “John Doe” (8) (Larry Abraham, Caay taos lucj (The Greening) - Second Opinion Pub Inc 1993).Tacs giar cuar banr baos caos nayf dduwowcj cho laf Robert McNamara – Booj truwowngr quoocs phongf lucs ddos. McNamara laf thanhf vieen cuar Hooij ddoongf quan heej quoocs tees, veef sau ddamr nhieemj chuwcs vuj Chur tichj Ngaan hangf thees giowis. Conf cow quan toor chuwcs trieenr khai kees hoachj nghieen cuwus chinhs laf Vieenj nghieen cuwus Hudson maf Herman Kahn – mootj thanhf vieenj cuar Hooij ddoongf quan heej quoocs tees – laf nguwowif sangs laapj neen toor chuwcs nayf. Sau khi banr baos caos bij tieets looj, Rostow – coos vaans an ninh quoocs gia cuar Johnson ddax ngay laapj tuwcs timf cachs “tieeu ddoocj”. Oong nois rawngf, banr baos caos nayf ddown thuaanf chir laf trof biaj ddatj. Ddoongf thowif towf Times cuar Henry Luce – mootj thanhf vieen Hooij ddoongf quan heej quoocs tees – cungx cho rangf, banr baos caos nayf laf “suwj giar doois tinh vi”. Vaf cho ddeens nay, chawngr mootj ai taij Myx cos theer dduwa ra keets luaanj chinhs xacs veef tinhs chuaats thuwcj huw cuar banr baos caos nayf. Tuy nieen, ngayf 26 thangs 11 nawm 1967, towf Washington Post ddax ddawng banr baos caos nayf trong mucj “binhf luaanj sachs”. Nguwowif giowis thieeuj banr baos caos nayf chinhs laf Johnj Kenneth Gabraith – giaos suw danh tieens caur Ddaij hocj Harvard ddoongf thowif cungx laf thanhf vieen cuar Hooij ddoongf quan heej quoocs tees. Trong mootj baif vieets cuar minhf, oong ddax nois rawngf minhf cos bawngf chuwngs cho thaays banr baos caos nayf laf thaatj, bowir chinhs oong cungx ddax tham gia vaof hooij nghij nayf. Duf sau ddos, oong ruts khoir vuj ans nayf, nhuwng duwj ans vaan luoon caanf ddeens suwj tham vaans cuar oong, vaf oong cungx dduwowcj yeeu caauf phair giuwx bis maatj

cacs cuoocj tieeps xucs ddos. “Tooi sawns sangf laays danh duwj cas nhaan ra ddeer ddamr baor tinhs chaan thuwcj cuar vawn kieenj nayf. Tooi sawnx sangf chuwngs thuwcj tinhs huwux hieeuj trong keets luaanj cuar nos. Tooi chir luwu ys mootj ddieeuf laf vieecj coong boos chungs trong khi nguwowif daan chuwa dduwowcj chuaanr bij ddeer ddons nhaanj banr baos caos saays lieeuj cos phair laf hanhf ddoongj sangs suoots khoong (9) (Herschelmclandress, Thees giowis sachs,   Washington Post , 26-11-1967). Sau ddos, Gabraith ddax tuwngf hai laanf xacs nhaanj laij tinhs xacs thuwcj cuar banr baos caos treen mootj soos phuwowng tieenj truyeenf thoong. Vaayj keets luaanj cuar banr baos caos nayf laf nhuw thees naof vaf vif sao nos khieens cho cacs baacj “tinh anh” cuar thees giowis phair cawng thawngr ddeens vaayj? Baos caos nayf ddax tieets looj mootj cachs chi tieets quy hoachj phats trieenr cuar “cacs baacj tinh anh” ddoois vowis thees giowis tuwowng lai. Toon chir cow banr cuar baos caos laf khoong thaor luaanj nhuwngx khais nieemj troongs roongx kieeur nhuw vaans ddeef ddungs hay sai, tuwj do vaf nhaan quyeen, hinhf thais ys thuwcs, chur nghiax yeeu nuwowcs vaf tins nguwowngx toon giaos. Taats car nhuwngx vaans ddeef nayf ddeeuf khoong chieems dduwowcj baats cuws vij tris naof, vaf ddaay dduwowcj coi laf banr baos caos “khachs quan thuyaanf tuys”. Baos caos ddax vachj rox toonr chir: Hoaf binhf keos daif, cho duf veef mawtj lys luaanj laf cos theer, nhuwng khoong theer duy trif lieen tucj. Cho duf cos theer ddatj dduwowcj mucj tieeu hoaf binhf, chawcs chawns cungx khoong phair laf suwj luwaj chonj toots nhaats cuar xax hooij oonr ddinhj….Chieens tranh laf mootj phuwowng thuwcs ddawcj bieetj khieens xax hooij chungs ta oonr ddinhj. Truwf khi cos dduwowcj nhuwngx phuwowng thuwcs mowis thay thees, neeus khoong heej thoongs chieens tranh vaanx caanf phair dduwowcj duy trif vaf tawng cuwowngf (10) (10) Leonard C, Lewin, Baos caos tuwf Iron Mountain veef trieenr vongj vaf khats vongj hoaf binhf (REPORT FROM IRON MOUNTAIN. On the Possibility and Desirability of peace) - Free Press; New Ed edition 1996.Baos caos cho rawngf, chir cos trong thowif kyf chieens tranh, hoawcj khi bij chieens tranh dde doaj, nguwowif daan mowis phucj tungf chinhs phur

owr muwcs ddooj cao nhaats maf khoong heef oans thans. Suwj thuf haanj ddoois vowis ker thuf vaf camr giacs lo sowj bij chinh phucj cungx nhuw bij ker thuf cuwowps bocj khieens cho nguwowif daan cos theer ganhs chiuj nhuwngx khoanr thuees vaf nhuwngx hy sinh nawngj neef hown. Chieens tranh conf laf lieeuf doping khieens cho nguwowif daan cangf theem manhj mex hown vowis tinh thaanf mootj longf ais quoocs, trung thanhf vaf quyeets thawngs, nguwowif daan cos theer phucj tungf mootj cachs voo ddieeuf kieenj, baats cuws ys kieens nguwowcj chieeuf naof cungx sex bij cho laf hanhf ddoongj phanr booij. Nguwowcj laij trong thowif binh, nguwowif daan sex phanr ddoois chinhs sachs suwu cao thuees nawngj mootj cachs banr nawng vaf tor rox thais ddooj chans ghets chinhs phur – ker can thieepj quas nhieeuf, quas saau vaof ddowif soongs rieeng tuw cuar hoj. Heej thoongs chieens tranh khoong chir laf nhaan toos caanf thieets cuar mootj quoocs gia cos heej thoongs chinhs trij toonf taij ddoocj laapj maf conf ddongs mootj vai trof thieets yeeus ddoois vowis suwj oonr ddinhj chinhs trij. Khoong cos chieens tranh, tinhs howpj phaps trong vieecj thoongs trij daan chungs cuar chinhs phur sex nayr sinh vaans ddeef. Khar nawng xayr ra chieens tranh sex taoj ra cow sowr ddeer mootj chinhs phur cos ddur quyeenf luwcj. Raats nhieeuf daanx chuwngs trong lichj suwr cho thaays rawngf, neeus khoong bij nguy cow chieens tranh dde doaj, chinhs quyeenf sex tan rax. Ddieeuf nayf bawts nguoonf tuwf lowij ichs cas nhaan, suwj oans haanj ddoois vowis baats coong trong xax hooij cungx nhuw cacs yeeus toos khacs. Khar nawng xayr ra chieens tranh cos theer taoj thanhf yeeus toos taoj ra suwj oonr ddinhj veef chinhs trij vaf duy trif keets toor chuwcs xax hooij. Nos duy trif suwj phaan taangf xax hooij rox rangf, ddamr baor suwj phucj tungf cuar nhaan daan ddoois vowis chinhs phur (11) (11) Leonard C, Lewin, Baos caos tuwr Iron Moutain veef trieenr vongj vaf khats vongj hoaf binhf (REPORT FROM IRON MOUNTAIN. On the Possibility and Desirability of peace) - Free Press; New Ed edition 1996).Tuy nhieen, banr baos caos nayf cho rawngf, phuwowng thuwcs chieens tranh truyeenf thoongs cungx hamf chuwas nhuwngx hanj chees mang tinhs lichj suwr, vaf neeus cuws tieens hanhf chieens tranh theo phuwowng thuwcs cux, khar nawng xaay duwngj mootj chinhs phur mang

taamf thees giowis sex khos trwr thanhf hieenj thuwcj. Ddawcj bieetj, trong thowif ddaij chieens tranh hatj nhaan, suwj bungf phats chieens tranh ddax trowr thanhf vaans ddeef khos duwj ddoans voo cungf nguy hieemr. Neeus ddeer ys, nghieen cuwus nayf dduwowcj tieens hanhf khoong laau sau cuoocj khungr hoangr ddanj ddaoj owr Cuba, vif thees, owr mootj chuwngf muwcj naof ddos, bongs dden cuar cuoocj chieens tranh hatj nhaan giuwax Myx vaf Lieen Xoo ddax gaay anhr huwowngr ddeens tinh thaanf cuar cacs tacs giar. Vaans ddeef laf, neeus mootj khi thees giowis thaatj suwj cos dduwowcj “hoaf binhf vinhx vieenx” thif ddaau laf loois thoats cho xax hooij Myx? Ddaay chinhs laf ddaps ans maf nhoms nghieen cuwus bis maatj nayf phair timf ra. Hay nois cachs khacs, hoj caanf phair timf ra mootj phuwowng ans mowis cos ddur suwcs thay thees “chieens tranh” cho nuwowcs Myx. Qua nghieen cuwus caanr trongj, cacs chuyeen gia ddeef xuaats mootj phuwowng ans mowis cos theer thay thees chieens tranh bao goomf ba ddieeuf kieenj:

1. Trong linhx vuwcj kinh tees, caanf phair “langx phis” 10% GDP mooix nawm.

2. Caanf phair taoj ra mootj suwj dde doaj khungr khieeps tuwowng tuwj nhuw chieens tranh, cos quy moo roongj lowns khieens cho nguwowif daan tin vaof suwj dde doaj ddos.

3. Caanf phair dduwa ra mootj lys do logic buoocj nguwowif daan phair phucj vuj nhieetj tinhf hown cho chinhs phur.

Mootj giair phaps thay thees chieens tranh ddoongf thowif thoar manx car ba ddieeuf kieenj nayf quar thaatj khoong phair chuyeenj deex dangf. Ddaauf tieen, cacs chuyeen gia nghix ddeens vieecj “tuyeen chieens vowis ddois ngheof”. Tuy laf mootj vaans ddeef heej trongj, nhuwng vaans ddeef ddois ngheof chuwa ddur suwcs dde doaj daan chunngs, vif thees nos nhanh chongs bij loaij bor. Mootj luwaj chonj khacs chinhs laf suwj xaam luwowcj cuar nguwowif ngoaif hanhf tinh. Tuy vaans ddeef nayf ddur suwcs dde doaj, nhuwng vaof thaapj nieen 60, nos vaanx thieeus ddooj tin caayj caanf thieets, vif vaayj roots cuoocj cungx bij gatj sang mootj been. Cuoois cungf, nguwowif ta nghix ddeens vaans ddeef “oo nhieemx mooi truwowngf”. Owr muwcs ddooj naof ddos thif oo nhieemx mooi truwowngf laf mootj vaans ddeef thuwcj tees, laij cos ddur

ddooj tin caayj, neeus treen duwowis ddeeuf ra suwcs tuyeen truyeenf thif ddieeuf nayf cos thieer khieens cho nguwowif daan thees giowis thaays dduwowcj muwcs ddooj nguy hieemr cuar oo nhieemx mooi truwowngf ddoois vowis tuwowng lai thees giowis – vaans ddeef chir dduwngs sau nguy cow chieens tranh hatj nhaan. Mooi truwowngf khoong nguwngf bij oo nhieemx chawcs chawns sex gaay “langx phis” heets suwcs lowns veef kinh tees; nguwowif daan phair coos chiuj dduwngj muwcs thuees cao vaf haj thaaps chaats luwowngj cuoocj soongs, chaaps nhaanj ddeer chinhs phur can thieepj vaof ddowif soongs rieeng tuw cuar cas nhaan, taats car laf vif “cuwus trais ddaats”, mootj vaans ddeef logic voo cungf. Ddaay quar thuwcj laf mootj suwj luwaj chonj tuyeetj vowif!Theo tinhs toans mootj cachs khoa hocj, thowif gian ddeer vaans ddeef oo nhieemx mooi truwowngf trowr thanhf cuoocj khungr hoangr traamf trongj treen phamj vi toanf thees giowis laf khoangr tuwf 20 ddeens 30 nawm. Thowif gian coong boos treen baos caos laf nawm 1967. Hai muwowi nawm sau…Thangs 9 nawm 1987, Ddaij hooij laanf thuws tuw cuar Uyr ban Baor veej Ddoongj vaatj hoang dax thees giowis ddax dduwowcj toor chuwcs taij thanhf phoos Denver, Bang Colorado cuar Myx. Hown 2.000 ddaij bieeur ddeens tuwr 60 quoocs gia ddax tham gia hooij nghij laanf nayf. 1.500 ddaij bieeur tham gia hooij nghij laanf nayf ddax heets suwcs ngacj nhieen khi bieets dduwowcj mootj vawn kieenj mang teen “Tuyeen boos Denver veef baor toonf ddoongj vaatj hoang dax” (Denver Declaration for Worldwide Conservation) ddax dduwowcj chuaanr bij sawnx cho hoj. Tuyeen boos Denver ddax chir ra: Do nhu caauf veef nguoonf voons cho vieecj mowr roongj phamj vi hoatj ddoongj baor veej mooi truwowngf, chungs ta caanf phair sangs laapj ra mootj moo hinhf ngaan hangf mowis nhawmf tawng cuwowngf quanr lys nguoonf voons thu dduwowcj tuwf vieenj trowj quoocs tees cungx nhuw vieecj suwr dungj voons cuar cacs nuwowcs nhaanj vieenj trowj cho coong tacs quanr lys vaf baor veej mooi truwowngf. Moo hinhf ngaan hangf mowis nayf chinhs laf phuwowng ans “Ngaan hangf baor veej mooi truwowngf thees giowis”. Khacs vowis cacs hooij nghij tuwowng tuwj dieensx ra truwowcs ddaay, mootj loatj cacs ngaan hangf quoocs tees ddax tham gia ddaayf ddur vaof

hooij nghij nayf: Nam tuwowcs Edmund De Rothschild, David Rockefeller vaf James Baker – Booj truwowngr taif chinhs Myx. Nhuwngx nhaan vaatj chops bu voo cungf baanj roonj nayf ddax naans nas owr laij hooij nghij baor veej mooi truowwngf ddeens 6 ngayf. Edmund De Rothschild ddax phats bieeur taij ddaij hooij vaf goij “ngaan hangf baor veej mooi truwowngf thees giowis” nayf laf “kees hoachj Marshall thuws hai” maf suwj ra ddowif cuar nos sex “cuwus vowts” cacs quoocs gia ddang phats trieenr ra khoir vungx laayf nowj naanf, ddoongf thowif conf cos theer baor veej dduwowcj mooi truwowngf sinh thais (12) (12) Hooij nghij thees giowis laanf thuws tuw. Cuoocj phongr vaans vowis George Hunt).Hayx luwu ys rawngf, ddeens heets nawm 1987, toongr nowj cacs quoocs gia ddang phats trieenr leen ddeens 1.300 tyr USD. Khais nieemj then choots cuar Ngaan hangf baor veej mooi truwowngf thees giowis chinhs laf “chuyeenr ddooir nowj thanhf taif nguyeen thieen nhieen” (Debt – for – nature Swap). Khoanr nowj 1.300 tyr USD cuar cacs quoocs gia ddang phats trieenr kia dduwowcj chuyeenr vaof ngaan hangf mowis, vaf con nowj buoocj phair dungf taif nguyeen cuar ddaats nuwowcs minhf ddeer thees chaaps, ddooir laij, hoj sex dduwowcj keos daif thowif hanj ddaos nowj ddoongf thowif dduwowcj nhaanj nhuwngx khoanr vay meemf mowis (Soft Currency Loan). Nhuw vaayj, ddaats ddai taif nguyeen cuar cacs quoocs gia ddang phats trieenr trair daif khaps chaau Myx Latin, chaau Phi vaf chaau As vowis toongr dieenj tichs leen ddeens 50 trieeuj Km2, tuwowng dduwowng vowis toongr dieenj tichs cuar 5 quoocs gia cowx vuwaf, chieems 30% dieenj tichs lucj ddiaj cuar trais ddaats ddax bij cacs nhaf ngaan hangf quoocs tees “thieens” maats. Haauf heets cacs khoanr vay tuwf IMF vaf Ngaan hangf thees giowis trong thaapj nieen 70 cuar cacs quoocs gia ddang phats trieenr ddeeuf khoong cos taif sanr thees chaaps, tuwcs laf cacs khoanr vay nayf ddeeuf duwaj vaof tins dungj quoocs gia lamf bawngf chuwngs, cho neen neeus khungr hoangr nowj xayr ra thif cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf quoocs tees raats khos tieens hanhf bieenj phaps phas sanr ddeer thu nowj. Nhuwng giowf ddaay, ngay car khi nhuwngx khoanr nowj nayf dduwowcj chuyeenr vaof Ngaan hangf baor veej mooi truwowngf thees giowis, cawn cuws vaof soor sachs cuar cacs nhaf ngaan hangf quoocs tees, nhuwngx

khoanr nowj voons dix raats khos ddoif nayf trong choocs lats ddax bieens thanhf nhuwngx taif sanr ddawcj bieetj gias trij. Do Ngaan hangf baor veej mooi truwowngf thees giowis cos ddaayf ddur ddaats ddai lamf vaatj thees chaaps neen mootj khi cacs quoocs gia ddang phats trieenr khoong theer hoanf trar nowj thif xets veef mawtj phaps lys, soos ddaats ddai khoongr loof nayf ddax thuoocj veef Ngaan hangf baor veej mooi truwowngf thees giowis, vaf dduwowng nhieen, cacs ngaan hangf quoocs tees kieemr soats Ngaan hangf baor veej mooi truwowngf thees giowis sex trowr thanhf nguwowif chur thuwcj tees cuar nhuwngx vungf ddaats phif nhieeu nayf. Neeus nhinf tuwf quy moo vaanj ddoongj phats trieenr cuar nhaan loaij thif Ngaan hangf baor veej mooi truwowngf thees giowis quar thuwcj laf cos mootj khoong hai. Vif lowij ichs khoongr loof nhuw vaayj maf nhuwngx oong trumf nhuw Rothschild vaf Rockefeller ddax phair “quan taam” ddeens Ddaij hooij keos daif 6 ngayf nayf. Sau khi nghe Rothschild ddeef xuaats phuwowng ans thanhf laapj Ngaan hangf baor veej mooi truwowngf thees giowis, Jose Pedrode Oliveira Costa – mootj quan chuwcs cao caaps cuar Booj taif chinhs Brazil – ddax thuwcs trawngs suoots ddeem. Oong cho rawngf, Ngaan hangf baor veej mooi truwowngf cos theer cung caaps cho ddaats nuwowcs oong nhuwngx khoanr vay meemf vaf trong mootj thowif gian ngawns cos theer giups cho neenf kinh tees Brazil khowir ddoongj laij, nhuwng veef laau daif, Brazil khoong theer trar heets soos nowj nayf, vaf keets quar laf toanf booj khu vuwcj Amazon truf phus kia dduwowcj ddem lamf vaatj thees chaaps vay voons sex khoong conf thuoocj veef Brazil nuwax. Taif nguyeen bij ddem lamf thees chaaps khoong chir cos ddaats ddai, maf nguoonf nuwowcs vaf cacs taif nguyeen khacs duwowis longf ddaats cungx ddeeuf xeeps vaof hangf thees chaaps. Cuoois cungf, vaof nawm 1991, ddeer deex beef luwaf bipj daan chungs, Ngaan hangf baor veej mooi truwowngf thees giowis ddax ddooir teen thanhf Quyx mooi truwowngf toanf caauf (Global Environment Facility). Ngaan hangf nayf nawmf duwowis suwj giams sats cuar Ngaan hangf thees giowis vowis coor ddoong lowns nhaats laf Booj taif chinhs Myx. Truwowcs mawts, quy hoachj laau daif cuar cacs ngaan hangf quoocs tees ddang tuwngf buwowcs dduwowcj thuwcj thi.

4. Bom hatj nhaan taif chinhs: nhawms huwowngs TokyoNhaatj Banr ddax tichs luyx dduwowcj luwowngj taif sanr khoongr loof treen binhf dieenj quoocs tees, trong khi Myx laij ddang sa vaof vungx laayf nowj naanf. Uy thees quaan suwj maf toongr thoongs Ronald Wilson Reagan theo ddooir chir laf mootj thuws aor giacs khieens cho chungs ta phair trar gias bawngf vieecj ddanhs maats vij thees chur nowj trong neenf kinh tees thees giowis. Cho duf vaanx tieeps tucj nuooi ys ddoof nups sau cais bongs cuar Myx ddeer aam thaamf phats trieenr, nhuwng treen thuwcj tees, Nhaatj Banr ddax trowr thanhf ddaats nuwowcs cuar nhuwngx nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf ddawngr caaps thees giowis. Suwcs manhj taif chinhs giups cho Nhaatj Banr phats trieenr manhj mex vaf trowr thanhf luwcj luwowngj chur ddaoj trong vieecj daanx dawts thees giowis – mootj vieecj khieens cho chungs ta heets suwcs baats an (13) (13) George Soros, Thuaatj giar kim cuar taif chinhs (The Alchemy offinance) - New York, John Wiley & Sons 19871 tr. 350).Soros, nawm 1987. Trong chieens tranh thees giowis laanf thuws nhaats, vij tris chur nowj quoocs tees cuar Anh ddax maats veef tay Myx, ddees quoocs Anh cungx ddoongf thowif maats ddi ddiaj vij bas chur toanf caauf. Sau chieens tranh thees giowis thuws hai, neenf kinh tees cuar quoocs gia Ddoong As ddax khoong nguwngf lowns manhj vaf trowr thanhf ddieeuf baats an cho cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf phoos Wall – London. Vif thees, cacs nhaf taif phieetj nayf vooij timf cachs ddoois phos vowis taats car nhuwngx ddoois thur canhj tranh tieemf aanr cos nguy cow gaay canr trowr vaf phas hoaij kees hoachj xaay duwngj chinhs phur thees giowis cungf heej thoongs tieenf teej thoongs nhaats do hoj khowir xuwowngs. Nhaatj Banr dduwowcj xem laf neenf kinh tees caats canhs sowms nhaats owr chaau As. Xets veef mawtj chaats luwowngj tawng truwowngr kinh tees, suwcs canhj tranh trong xuaats khaaur sanr phaamr coong nghieepj cungx nhuw toocs ddooj vaf quy moo tichs luyx taif sanr, Nhaatj Banr laf quoocs gia phats trieenr manhj mex khieens cho cacs ngaan hangf quoocs tees lo sowj. Vaf nois nhuw Lawrence Summers – Booj truwowngr taif chinhs Myx duwowis thowif Bill Clinton thif: “Khu vuwcj kinh tees Ddoong As vowis suwj trooix leen cuar Nhaatj Banr ddax gaay neen suwj lo sowj cho ddaij dda soos nguwowif Myx. Hoj lo ngaij rawngf, nguy cow

tuwf Nhaatj Banr thaamj chis conf manhj hown car nguy cow tuwf Lieen Xoo”. Sau chieens tranh, Nhaatj Banr ddax bawts chuwowcs cachs thieets kees sanr phaamr cuar phuwowng Taay, sau ddos nhanh chongs haj gias thanhf sanr xuaats vaf cuoois cungf ddax chieems linhx nguwowcj laij thij truwowngf Aau – Myx. Ngay tuwf nhuwngx nawm 60, Nhaatj Banr ddax bawts ddaauf suwr dungj nhieeur robot coong nghieepj treen quy moo lowns trong nganhf coong nghieepj oo too khieens cho tyr leej sai sots chur quan giamr xuoongs gaanf nhuw bawngf khoong. Cuoocj khungr hoangr daauf mor thaapj nieen 70 ddax khieens cho nhuwngx chieecs xe howi ngoons xawng do Myx sanr xuaats nhanh chongs bij cacs loaij xe tieets kieemj daauf, maaux max ddepj vowis gias rer cuar Nhaatj ddas vawng ra khoir thuwowng truwowngf. Chaats luwowngj cuar neenf coong nghieepj oo too Myx giamr xuoongs vaf ddax daanf daanf maats ddi nawng luwcj ddoois khangs truwowcs suwcs tieens coong manhj mex cuar neenf coong nghieepj sanr xuaats oo too Nhaatj. Tuwf nhuwngx nawm 80 ddeens nay, neenf coong nghieepj ddieenj tuwr cuar Nhaatj Banr ddax tawng truwowngr ddootj phas, hangf loatj nhuwngx coong ty ddieenj tuwr lowns nhuw Sony, Hitachi, Toshiba xuaats phats tuwf nhuwngx coong ty gia coong, moo phongr vaf sao cheps coong ngheej cuar phuwowng Taay, ddax nhanh chongs trowr thanhf nhuwngx coong ty sangs taoj hangf ddaauf thees giowis. Suwj thuaanf phucj cuar nguwowif Nhaatj trong kyx thuaatj chees taoj machj ddieenj vaf chips mays tinhs truwf mays xuwr lys trung taam cungx nhuw uwu thees cuar robot coong nghieepj vaf suwcs lao ddoongj gias rer cuar Nhaatj Banr ddax gaay thieetj haij nghieem trongj cho nganhf coong nghieepj ddieenj tuwr vaf phaanf cuwngs mays tinhs cuar Myx. Thaamj chis teen luwar do Myx chees taoj conf phair suwr dungj ddeens chips ddieenj tuwr (vi xuwr lys) cuar Nhaatj. Cos mootj daoj haauf nhuw moij nguwowif daan Myx ddeeuf tin rawngf, vieecj Toshiba, Hitachi mua laij IBM vaf Intel cuar Myx chir conf laf vaans ddeef thowif gian, conf coong nhaan coong nghieepj Myx thif lo rawngf robots cuar Nhaatj sex cuwowps maats bats cowm cuar hoj.Chinhs sachs laix suaats cao cuar Myx vaf Anh thuwcj thi vaof ddaauf nhuwngx nawm 80 dduwowng nhieen ddax cuwus vanx dduwowcj

nieemf tin vaof ddoongf dollar ddoongf thowif haj gucj mootj loatj cacs quoocs gia ddang phats trieenr owr chaau Phi vaf chaau Myx Latin. Tuy nhieen, chinhs sachs laix suaats cao cungx ddoongf thowif gaay sats thuwowng nghieem trongj cho neenf coong nghieepj Myx, taoj ddieeuf kieenj cho cacs sanr phaamr cuar Nhaatj chieems linhx thij truwowngf Myx.Khi car nuwowcs Nhaatj ddang haan hoan vieenx canhr “Nhaatj Banr cos theer nois khoong” thif mootj cuoocj chieens nhawmf loaij bor neenf taif chinhs Nhaatj ddax dduwowcj cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf quoocs tees laapj trinhf sawnx. Thangs 9 nawm 1985, cacs nhaf taif phieetj quoocs tees cuoois cungf ddax ra tay. “Thoar thuaanj Plaza” ddax dduwowcj booj truwowngr taif chinhs cuar 5 nuwowcs laf Myx, Anh, Nhaatj, Dduwcs vaf Phaps kys taij Plaza Hotel vowis mucj ddichs ddeer cho ddoongf dollar maats gias mootj cachs “cos kieemr soats” so vowis cacs loaij tieenf teej chur yeeus khacs. Duwowis aps luwcj cuar Beck – Booj truwowngr taif chinhs Myx, Ngaan hangf Nhaatj Banr buoocj phair ddoongf ys naang gias ddoongf yeen. Chir trong vongf maays thangs sau khi “Thoar thuaanj Plaza” dduwowcj kys keets, tyr gias ddoongf yeen Nhaatj tuwf 250 yeen ddooir 1 dollar ddax tawng leen muwcs 149 yeen awn 1 dollar. Thangs 10 nawm 1987, thij truwowngf coor phieeus New York suy supj, Beck lieenf gia tawng aps luwcj ddoois vowis Nakasokon – thur tuwowngs Nhaatj Banr – vowis yeeu caauf ngaan hangf Nhaatj Banr tieeps tucj haj laix suaats xuoongs. Ddoongj thais nayf cuar Booj truwowngr taif chinhs Myx nhawmf taoj ra suwcs haaps daanx cho thij truwowngf coor phieeus Myx so vowis thij truwowngf Nhaat vaf huts nguoonf voons tuwf thij truwowngf Tokyo chayr nguwowcj veef Myx. Beck ddax dduwa ra canhr baos rawngf, neeus nhuw Ddangr Daan chur leen nawms quyeenf, Myx sex giair quyeets duwts ddieemr vaans ddeef thaam hutj maauj dichj Myx – Nhaatj. Sau ddos, Beck laij chiaf ra mootj cur caf roots vowis ddamr baor rawngf, Ddangr Coongj hoaf sex tieeps tucj nawms quyeenf, Bush cha sex thucs ddaayr hown nuwax moois quan heej thaan thieets Myx – Nhaatj. Thur tuwowns Nhaatj lucs baays giowf laf Nakasokon buoocj phair gaatj ddaauf nhaan nhuwowngj vaf ra leenhj haj laix suaats ddoongf yeen xuoongs conf 2,5%. Heej thoongs ngaan

hangf Nhaatj Banr bawts ddaauf laam vaof tinhf trangj lamj phats, phaanf lowns tieenf cuar dduwowcj ddoor vaof thij truwowngf coor phieeus vaf thij truwowngf baats ddoongj sanr. Tyr leej tawng truwowngr cuar thij truwowngf chuwngs khoans Tokyo leen ddeens 40% nawm, baats ddoongj sanr thaamj chis conf vuwowtj qua nguwowngx 90%. Mootj quar bong bongs taif chinhs khoongr loof ddax bawts ddaauf dduwowcj hinhf thanhf. Trong tinhf hinhf bieens ddoongj cuar thij truwowngf hoois ddoais, nganhf xuaats khaaur cuar Nhaatj Banr bij thieetj haij nawngj. Ddeer giair quyeets haauj quar xaaus trong nganhf xuaats khaaur do suwj tawng gias cuar ddoongf yeen, cacs doanh ngheepj ddua nhau vay tieenf vowis laix suaats thaaps tuwf ngaan hangf ddeer nuwowngs vaof coor phieeus. Dichj vuj cho vay nongs cuar cacs ngaan hangf Nhaatj Banr nhanh chongs trowr thanhf dichj vuj cos quy moo lowns nhaats treen thees giowis. Ddeens nawm 1988, 10 ngaan hangf quy moo lowns nhaats truwowcs ddaay cuar thees giowis ddax bij Nhaatj thoon tinhs. Lucs nayf, thij truwowngf coor phieeus cuar Tokyo ddax tawng leen 300% chir trong vongf 3 nawm, baats ddoongj sanr cangf ddatj ddeens muwcs khieens nguwowif ta phair kinh ngacj, toongr giao dichj buoon bans baats ddoongj sanr cuar mootj khu owr Tokyo phair dungf ddeens ddoongf USD ddeer tinhs toans, vuwowtj xa toongr gias trij baats ddoongj sanr toanf nuwowcs Myx thowif ddos. Heej thoongs taif chinhs cuar Nhaatj Banr ddax ddeens buwowcs nguy ngaapj caanj keef. Neeus khoong cos nhuwngx aam muwu phas hoaij tuwf been ngoaif thif Nhaatj Banr cungx cos theer giair quyeets vaans ddeef mootj cachs nhej nhangf. Tuy nhieen, mootj ddieeuf khieens Nhaatj Banr khoong theer naof ngowf ddeens chinhs laf hanhf ddoongj khoong tuyeen maf chieens cuar cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf quoocs tees. Ddeer ddanhs mootj ddonf chis mangj vaof heej thoongs taif chinhs Nhaatj Banr, cacs nhaf ngaan hangf Myx ddax dungf ddeens “quar bom taif chinhs” maf nuwowcs Myx vuwaf mowis chees taoj ra: Stock Index Putures. Nawm 1982, Sowr Giao dichj Chicago cuar Myx laf nowi “chees taoj” thanhf coong sowms nhaats vux khis taif chinhs nguy hieemr vowis uy luwcj chuwa tuwngf cos nayf. Nos voons dix dungf ddeer tuwowcs ddoatj

coong cuj lamf awn cuar Sowr Giao dichj chuwngs khoans New York. Khi nhaf ddaauf tuw yeen taam mua bans chir soos chuwngs khoans New York owr Chicago thif khoong caanf phair chi trar tieenf hoa hoongf cho Sowr Giao dichj chuwngs khoans New York nuwax. Chir soos chuwngs khoans chawngr qua chir laf nhuwngx banr caos bachj tinhf hinhf taif chinhs cuar coong ty leen sanf sau khi con soos ddax dduwowcj xuwr lys sachj sex, conf howpj ddoongf tuwowng lai ddichs thuwcj laf canh bacj vaof xu thees gias coor phieeus tuwowng lai cuar coong ty ddos duwaj treen banr caos bachj do chinhs hoj cung caaps maf thooi. Treen thuwcj tees, car been bans vaf been mua ddeeuf khoong nawms bawts dduwowcj xu thees gias coor phieeus, vaf hoj cungx khoong cos ys ddinhj nawms giuwx nhuwngx coor phieeus nayf. Ddieeuf quan trongj treen thij truwowngf coor phieeus chinhs laf chuwx tins. Vieecj lamf khoongs kyf hanj giao hangf cuar chir soos coor phieeus treen quy moo lowns taats yeeus sex daanx ddeens suwj supj ddoor cuar thij truwowngf coor phieeus. Ddieeuf nayf ddax chuwngs minh mootj cachs hieeuj nghieemj trong cown khungr hoangr cuar thij truwowngf coor phieeus New York thangs 10 nawm 1987. Cus ddaij nhayr votj cuar neenf kinh tees Nhaatj Banr trong nhuwngx nawm 80 ddax khieens cho nguwowif Nhaatj its nhieeuf sinh ra mootj camr giacs tuwj cao tuwj ddaij. Khi gias coor phieeus cuar Nhaatj Banr tawng cao ddeens muwcs khoong mootj chuyeen gia phuwowng Taay naof cos theer lys giair dduwowcj thif nguwowif Nhaatj vaanx cos raats nhieeuf lys do ddeer tin rawngf minhf laf nhuwngx ker ddoocj nhaats voo nhij. Mootj chuyeen gia ddaauf tuw nguwowif Myx owr Nhaatj Banr thowif ddos tuwngf nois rawngf: “Owr ddaay cos mootj thuws nieemf tin rawngf thij truwowngf chuwngs khoans Nhaatj Banr khoong theer naof truwowtj gias. Vaof cacs nawm 1987, 1988, thaamj chis laf ddeens nawm 1989 thif nieemf tin aays vaanx khoong heef thay ddooir. Nguwowif Nhaatj camr thaays cos mootj thuws hangf hoas voo cungf ddawcj bieetj ddang toonf taij treen thij truwowngf chuwngs khoans cuar hoj, thaamj chis laf toonf taij trong daan toocj Nhaatj Banr. Thuws hangf hoas ddawcj thuf nayf cos theer khieens cho Nhaatj Banr quay luwng laij vowis moij quy luaatj toonf taij treen thees giowis nayf”.

Treen thij truwowngf coor phieeus Tokyo, cacs coong ty baor hieemr ddongs mootj vai trof heets suwcs quan trongj. Mootj loatj cacs ngaan hangf ddaauf tuw nhuw Morgan Stalin vaf anh em nhaf Salomon dduwowcj cacs oong trumf ngaan hangf phais ddi lamf luwcj luwowngj ddootj kichs chur luwcj xaam nhaapj vaof thij truwowngf Nhaatj Banr vowis mucj tieeu nawms giuwx mootj luwowngj lowns taif sanr hay tieenf teej. Hanhf trang been canhj hoj laf cacs howpj ddoongf quyeenf chonj chir soos (Stock Index Put Option) – mootj loaij sanr phaamr mowis chuwa tuwngf cos owr Nhaatj Banr khi ddos. Cacs coong ty baor hieemr cuar Nhaatj chinhs laf nhoms nguwowif cos chuts huwngs thus ddoois vowis sanr phaamr nayf maf theo nhuw cachs nhinf cuar hoj thif naox nguwowif Myx ddax ungs thuyr khi dungf mootj luwowngj lowns hieenj kim ddeer ddi mua khar nawng truwowtj gias cuar thij truwowngf chuwngs khoans voons khoong theer xayr ra. Keets quar laf nganhf baor hieemr Nhaatj Banr ddax tieeps nhaanj nhanh chongs sanr phaamr nayf. Thuws maf hai been ddanhs cuwowcj chinhs laf huwowngs ddi cuar chir soos kinh tees Nhaatj, neeus nhuw chir soos nayf giamr thif nguwowif Myx sex thawngs lowns, conf nguwowif Nhaatj sex thua to, vaf neeus chir soos nayf tawng leen thif tinhf hinhf sex dieenx ra nguwowcj laij. Cos theer ngay car Cucj thoongs kee Nhaatj Banr cungx khoong theer naof tinhs dduwowcj ddax cos bao nhieeu howpj ddoongf taif chinhs nhuw vaayj dduwowcj kys keets truwowcs khi thij truwowngf truwowtj gias. Treen mootj thij truwowngf ngaamf, loaij “virus taif chinhs” khoong ai cos theer phats hieenj ra haauf nhuw khoong bij giams sats, cungx chawngr heef phair giaaus gieems, chungs dduwowcj giao dichj gioongs kieeur giao dichj taij quaayf vaf phats trieenr vowis toocs ddooj chongs mawtj trong mootj buwcs thuw huw aor cuar suwj phoonf vinh. Ngayf 29 thangs 12 nawm 1989, thij truwowngf chuwngs khoans Nhaatj Banr ddatj ddeens nguwowngx cao chuwa tuwngf cos trong lichj suwr. Chir soos Nikkei cuar Nhaatj votj leen muwcs 38.915 ddieemr. Cuoois cungf, hangf loatj howpj ddoongf quyeenf chonj chir soos chuwngs khoans ddax phats huy uy thees. Chir soos Nikkei nguwngf tawng. Ngayf 12 thangs 1 nawm 1990, nguwowif Myx ddax suwr dungj ddeens vux khis sats thur, sowr giao dichj Myx ddootj nhieen tung ra sanr phaamr taif chinhs mowis “Howpj ddoongf Quyeenf ddawtj bans

chuwngs khoans owr thowif ddieemr phats hanhf Nikkei” (Nikkei Put Warrants). “Howpj ddoongf Quyeenf chonj chir soos chuwngs khoans” (Stock Index Option) maf coong ty Goldman Sachs mua dduwowcj tuwf nganhf baor hieemr Nhaatj Banr dduwowcj bans laij cho vuwowng quoocs Ddan Machj, sau ddos vuwowng quoocs Ddan Machj laij ddem chungs bans laij cho nguwowif ddawtj mua chuwngs quyeenf, vaf thuwaf nhaanj laf nguwowif cos ddur khar nawng chi trar lowij tuwcs cho “Nikkei Put Warrants” khi chir soos kinh tees Nhaatj ddi xuoongs. Owr ddaay, vuwowng quoocs Ddan Machj chawngr qua cho coong ty Goldman Sachs muwownj tieengs cuar hoj, nhuwng nos ddax taoj neen dduwowcj suwcs huts tieeu thuj kinh hoonf ddoois vowis Quyeenf chonj chir soos chuwngs khoans binhf quaan Nikkei (Nikkei Stock Average Option) trong tay Goldman Sachs. Chuwngs quyeenf nayf ngay laapj tuwcs dduwowcj bans nongs owr thij truwowngf Myx, mootj luwowngj lowns cacs ngaan hangf ddaauf tuw Myx cungx tranh nhau bans ra, khieens cho thij truwowngf chuwngs khoans Nhaatj khoong theer cuwowngx laij, cuoois cungf Chuwngs quyeenf mua khoongs chir soos Nikkei nongs chuwa ddaayf motoj thangs leen sanf ddax supj ddoor hoanf toanf. Suwj supj ddoor cuar thij truwowngf chuwngs khoans Nhaatj truwowcs heets tacs ddoongj ddeens nganhf ngaan hangf, baor hieemr vaf sanr xuaats cuar nuwowcs nayf. Nhuwngx khoanr voons maf Nhaatj Banr thu huts dduwowcj tuwf thij truwowngf chuwngs khoans vowis gias rer hown mootj nuwar so vowis ddoois thur canhj tranh cuar Myx, ddax trowr thanhf quas khuws theo cus soocs cuar thij truwowngf chuwngs khoans. Tinhs tuwf nawm 1990, neenf kinh tees Nhaatj Banr ddax rowi voaf thowif kyf suy thoais keos daif muwowif maays nawm, thij truwonwgf chuwngs khoans sutj gias 70%, gias baats ddoongj sanr lieen tucj rowts suoots 14 nawm lieenf. Trong cuoons “Thaats baij taif chinhs”, tacs giar Yoshikawa Mototada cho rawngf tyr leej toonr thaats taif sanr veef taif chinhs nawm 1990 cuar Nhaatj Banr gaanf nhuw tuwowng dduwowng vowis thaats baij cuar Nhaatj trong chieens tranh thees giowis thuws hai. Khi ddanhs gias veef suwj thaats baij taif chinhs cuar Nhaatj, William Engdahl ddax nois nhuw thees nayf:

Treen thees giowis khoong cos mootj quoocs gia naof thanhf thuwcj vaf tichs cuwcj hown trong vieecj ungr hooj chinhs sachs booij chi taif chinhs vaf chir tieeu khoongr loof cuar Myx duwowis thowif Ronald Wilson Reagan hown Nhaatj Banr – ker thuf truwowcs ddaay cuar Myx. Thaamj chis ngay car nuwowcs Dduwcs cungx chuwa bao giowf thoar manx voo ddieeuf kieenj ddoois vowis yeeu caauf cuar Washington. Vaayj maf nguwowif Nhaatj laij mua coong trais, baats ddoongj sanr vaf cacs taif sanr khacs cuar Myx mootj cachs trung thanhf vaf voo tuw, nhuwng suwj ddeenf ddaps cuoois cungf maf nguwowif Nhaatj nhaanj dduwowcj laij laf mootj tai hoaj taif chinhs cos tinhs chaats phas hoaij nhaats trong lichj suwr thees giowis (14) (14) William Engdahl,   Mootj thees kyr chieens tranh: Quan ddieemr chinhs trij daauf khis Anh – Myx vaf Traatj tuwj thees giowis mowis   (A Century of War: Anglo-American Oil Politics and The New World Order) - Pluto Press, London, 2004; Chuwowng 11).Muaf hef nawm 2006, Paulson – Booj truwowngr taif chinhs mowis nhaanj chuwcs cuar Myx cos chuyeens coong du Trung Quocos. Khi nghe thaays oong ta “chucs Trung Quoocs thanhf coong” mootj cachs nhieetj tinhf, nhuwngx nguwowif dduwngs sau khoong khoir tor ra lanhj nhatj. Khoong hieeur nguwowif tieenf nhieemj cuar oong Beck nawm ddos khi bawts tay vowis thur tuwowngs Nakasokon cuar Nhaatj phair chawng cungx ddax tuwngf nois nhuwngx lowif tuwowng tuwj nhuw vaayj.

Phaanf VIII (tt)

5. Soros: Sats thur taif chinhs cuar Ngaan hangf quoocs tees.Laau nay, baos chis khawps nowi treen thees giowis thuwowngf khawcs hoaj hinhf tuwowngj cuar Soros nhuw mootj “hieepj six ddoocj hanhf”, mootj nguwowif hungf tung hoanhf tuwj do giuwax choons giang hoof hoawcj mootj “thieen taif taif chinhs” cos cachs nghix vaf hanhf ddoongj ddoocj laapj. Nhuwngx caau chuyeenj truyeenf mieengj lieen quan ddeens Soros cangf khieens cho hinhf tuwowngj cuar oong theem phaanf huyeenf bis.

Grumman ddax tuwngf dduaf rawngf, neeus ddocj nguwowcj laij cais teen SOROS quar thaatj chawngr gioongs ai. Vaayj cos thaatj Soros laf nguwowif luoon hanhf ddoongj ddoocj laapj, chir caanf duwaj vaof linh camr cuar minhf cungx ddur ddeer khieeu khichs ngaan hangf Anh, lamf rung chuyeenr ddoongf macs Dduwcs vaf khuynh ddaor thij truwowngf taif chinhs chaau As? Cos lex chir nhuwngx nguwowif cos ddaauf ocs ddown gianr mowis tin vaof nhuwngx caau chuyeej truyeenf kyf nhuw vaayj. Quyx tieenf teej luwowngj tuwr khuynh ddaor thij truwowngf taif chinhs thees giowis do Soros sangs laapj ra dduwowcj ddawng kys owr Carucao, nowi dduwowcj xem laf thieen dduwowngf troons thuees owr quaan ddaor Andreas – thuoocj ddiaj cuar Haf Lan treen bieenr. Nhowf ddos, oong ta cos theer che giaaus dduwowcj teen tuooir nhaf ddaauf tuw chur luwcj cungx nhuw tinhf hinhf lamf awn hay nguoonf tieenf voons cuar quyx nayf. Carucao conf dduwowcj goij laf mootj trung taam ruwar tieenf lowns nhaats thees giowis. Theo quy ddinhj cuar luaatj chuwngs khoans Myx, soos luwowngj nhaf ddaauf tuw thowif luwu (Sophisticate Investors) cuar Quyx phongf choongs ruir ro (Hedge Fund) khoong dduwowcj vuwowtj quas 99 nguwowif Myx. Soros ddax hao taam toonr huyeets ddamr baor trong soos 99 nhaf giauf sieeu caaps nayf khoong cos nguwowif Myx naof. Vif Quyx ddoois xung cachs xa ddaats lieenf nhuw vaayj, neen thaamj chis Soros khoong nawmf trong soos cacs thanhf vieen cuar Hooij ddoongf quanr trij maf chir tham gia vaof vieecj vaanj hanhf quyx vowis tuw cachs laf coos vaans ddaauf tuw. Khoong chir vaayj, oong ta conf dungf danh nghiax cuar Coong ty quanr lys quyx Soros (Soros Fund Management) do banr thaan sangs laapj neen owr New York ddeer ddamr dduwowng chuwcs vuj coos vaans nayf. Neeus chinhs phur Myx yeeu caauf cung caaps chi tieets veef tinhf hinhf hoatj ddoongj cuar Quyx nayf, oong ta cos theer nois rawngf banr thaan minhf chir laf mootj coos vaans ddaauf tuw ddeer thoais thacs trachs nhieemj. Quyx Quanta Fund cuar Soros bao goomf # Richard Katz – giams ddoocs Ngaan hangf Rothschild London vaf Chur tichj Ngaan hangf Rothschild Italy Milan.

# Nils Taube, Giams ddoocs kieem coor ddoong cuar St.James Place Capital thuoocj taaj ddoanf ngaan hangf London, mootj thanhf vieen cuar dongf hoj Rothschild. # William Lord Ress – Mogg, Giams ddoocs, binhf luaanj vieen cuar towf London Times, ddoongf thowif laf coor ddoong cuar St. James Place Capital truwcj thuoocj dongf hoj Rothschild. # Edgar de Picciotto – nhaan vaatj gaay nhieeuf tranh caix nhaats trong soos cacs ngaan hangf tuw nhaan cuar Thuyj Six, nguwowif dduwowcj coi laf “nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf thoong minh nhaats GENEVE”. # Thaps tungf Picciotto cos conf Edmund Safra – oong chur Republic Bank of New York, tuwngf bij cow quan chuwcs nawng Myx xacs nhaanj cos lieen quan ddeens hoatj ddoongj ruwar tieenf cuar Thoox Nhix Kyf va Columbia. Trong “ nhoms” cuar Soros conf cos Marc Rich – mootj thuwowng gia nooir tieengs ddeens tuwf Thuyj Six cungf Shaul Eisenberg – nhaf buoon vux khis nooir tieengs nguwowif Israel. Mooix quan heej bis maatj giuwax Soros vaf Rothschild khieens cho oong trowr thanhf “con toots tieen phong” cuar taapj ddoanf taif chinhs hungf manhj nhaats vaf bis maatj nhaats treen thees giowis nayf. Dongf hoj Rothschild khoong chir ddongs vai trof bas chur thanhf phoos taif chinhs London, cha dder cuar mangj luwowis tinhf baos quoocs tees, haauj ddaif cuar nawm ngaan hangf lowns nhaats Phoos Wall, dongf hoj ddinhj ddoatj gias vangf thees giowis, maf conf giuwx vai trof chi phoois chur yeeus moij hoatj ddoongj cuar trucj taif chinhs London – Phoos Wall hieenj nay. Chawngr ai bieets dongf hoj nayf cos bao nhieeu taif sanr, nhuwng khi maf Rothschild vaf cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf quoocs tees ddanhs tieengs cho duwj luaanj thees giowis taapj trung vaof nhuwngx nhaan vaatj giauf cos nhaats nhuw Bill Gates hay oong trumf coor phieeuw Warren Buffett, khoois taif sanr khoongr loof cuar hoj – nhieeuf hown car nhuwngx nhaf giauf nhaats hanhf tinhf – ddang nawmf yeen trong taif khoanr ngoaif khowi Thuyj Six hoawcj bieenr Caribe ddowij thowif gian maf ddoongj ddaayj. Moois quan heej cuar Soros vowis cacs baacj tinh anh cuar Myx raats khacs thuwowngf. Oong ta ddax ddaauf tuw 100 trieeuj USD vaof taapj ddoanf Carlyle Group ddeer buoon bans vux khis. Coor ddoong cuar taapj

ddoanf nayf bao goomf cacs nhaan vaatj teen tuooir nhuw Bush – cha, James Beck – cuwuj Booj truwowngr taif chinhs Myx. Ddaauf nhuwngx nawm 80, Soros ddax cungf vowis mootj soos chinhs trij gia quan trongj cuar Myx nhuw Booj truwowngr ngoaij giao Brzezinski hay Medeleine Albright ddeer laapj ra Quyx hoox trowj daan chur quoocs gia (National Endowment for Democracy). Toor chuwcs nayf thuwcj tees dduwowcj Cucj tinhf baos trung uwowng (CIA) vaf tuw nhaan howpj voons laapj neen. Thoong qua suwj huaans luyeenj cuar cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf quoocs tees, ngay tuwf nhuwngx nawm 90, Soros ddax gaay ra nhieeuf baox taps treen thij truwowngf taif chinhs thees giowis. Mooix mootj hanhf ddoongj manhj tay cuar Soros ddeeuf theer hieenj ys ddoof chieens luwowcj trongj ddaij cuar cacs nhaf ngaan hangf quoocs tees vowis mucj tieeu chinhs laf thucs ddaayr khar nawng “giair theer cos kieemr soats” ddoois vowis neenf kinh tees cuar cacs nuwowcs nhawmf tuwngf buwowcs hoanf thanhf coong tacs chuaanr bij cho suwj ra ddowif cuar heej thoongs “chinhs phur thees giowis” vaf “tieenf teej thees giowis” duwowis suwj khoongs chees cuar trucj taif chinhs London – Phoos Wall. Ddaauf nhuwngx nawm 80, cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf quoocs tees veef cow banr ddax thuwcj hieenj dduwowcj vieecj “giair theer mootj cachs cos kieemr soats” ddoois vowis neenf kinh tees cuar cacs quoocs gia thuoocj Myx Latin vaf cacs nuwowcs phats trieenr owr Bawcs Myx. Cuoois thaapj nieen 80, hoj laij khoongs chees thanhf coong neenf taif chinhs Nhaatj Banr. Sau ddos, hoj laij quay huwowngs veef chaau Aau – khu vuwcj trongj ddieemr caanf khoongs chees – vowis mucj tieeu phas hoaij neenf kinh tees cuar cacs nuwowcs Ddoong Aau vaf Lieen Xoo. Soros laf nguwowif ganhs vacs suws meenhj quan trongj nayf vaf ddongs vai trof nhaf tuwf thieenj. Oong ta laapj ra raats nhieeuf quyx hoox trowj owr Ddoong Aau vaf Lieen Xoo. Cacs quyx nayf dduwowcj Soros thanhf laapj duwaj theo moo hinhf cuar “hieepj hooij giair phongs xax hooij” maf oong ta khowir xuwowngs owr New York vowis vieecj ddeef cao nhuwngx khais nieemj tuwj do cas nhaan. Chawngr hanj, Truwowngf Ddaij hocj Trung Aau (Central European University) do Soros hoox trowj luoon timf cachs xuyeen tacj vaf nhooif nhets vaof ddaauf thanh nieen ddang soongs trong chees ddooj xax hooij chur nghiax rawngf, nhuwngx

khais nieemj kieeur nhuw quoocs gia vaf chur quyeenf laf sanr phaamr cuar thees luwcj tanf acs vaf phanr “chur nghiax cas nhaan”, rawngf chur nghiax tuwj do kinh tees laf lieeuf thuoocs thaanf dieeuj, moij suwj phaan tichs lys tinhs ddoois vowis hieenj tuwowngj xax hooij ddeeuf laf sanr phaamr cuar “chur nghiax chuyeen chees”. Cacs chur ddeef chinhs dduwowcj giangr dayj trong truwowngf hocj thuwowngf mang nhuwngx nooij dung kieeur nhuw “cas nhaan vaf chinhs phur”. Dduwowng nhieen, nhuwngx tuw tuwowngr nayf ddax nhaanj dduwowcj suwj tans ddoongf cao ddooj cuar Hieepj hooij ngoaij giao Myx. Gilles d’Aymery – nhaf phee binhf nooir tieengs cuar Myx – ddax mieeu tar mootj cachs chinhs xacs booj mawtj thuwcj cuar Soros cungx nhuw ys ddoof thuwcj suwj cuar cacs toor chuwcs quoocs tees do nhuwngx ker nhuw hoj “voo tuw” taif trowj:Ddawngf sau chieecs mawtj naj howpj phaps vaf chur nghiax nhaan ddaoj, nguwowif ta cos theer phats hieenj ra mootj nhoms nhuwngx “nhaf tuwf thieenj” voo cungf giauf cos vaf nhuwngx toor chuwcs do hoj taif trowj nhuw “Hieepj hooij mowr cuwar xax hooij”, Quyx Ford, Hieepj hooij hoaf binhf Myx, Quyx hoox trowj daan chur Myx, Toor chuwcs quan sats nhaan quyeenf, Toor chuwcs aan xas quoocs tees, Toor chuwcs ruir ro thees giowis. Trong soos nhuwngx nguwowif nayf, Soros laf ker nooir baatj nhaats. Oong ta gioongs nhuw mootj con bachj tuoocj khoongr loof vuwown nhuwngx xucs tu daif ddeens taanj Ddoong Aau, Ddoong Nam Aau, vungf Ovcharka vaf cacs nuwowcs coongj hoaf thuoocj Lieen Xoo cux. Duwowis suwj phoois howpj cuar nhuwngx toor chuwcs nayf, Soros khoong nhuwngx cos theer nhaof nawnj maf conf taoj neen nhuwngx thoong tin mowis, chuwowng trinhf nghij suwj chung vaf quan ddieemr chung nhawmf khoongs chees thees giowis vaf taif nguyeen, thooi thucs lys tuwowngr veef mootj thees giowis thoongs nhaats hoanf toanf do Myx taoj neen. Trong quas trinhf giair theer cacs quoocs gia xax hooij chur nghiax Ddoong Aau, Soros ddax ddongs vai trof heets suwcs quan trongj, cos theer nois laf khoong theer caan ddo ddong ddeems dduwowcj. Owr Ba Lan, Soros ddax cos coong lowns trong vieecj giups Coong ddoanf Ddoanf keets Ba Lan gianhf chinhs quyeenf quoocs gia, cos suwcs anhr

huwowngr truwcj tieeps ddoois vowis ba vij toongr thoongs ddaauf tieen cuar nuwowcs Ba Lan mowis. Soros ddax cungf Volcker – cuwuj Chur tichj Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx, Anno Ruding – Phos chur tichj Ngaan hangf Hoa Kyf, Jeffrey Sachs – giaos suw Ddaij hocj Harvard, baof chees neen “lieeuj phaps soocs” khieens cho Ddoong Aau vaf Lieen Xoo ddoongf loatj toi mangj. Chinhs Soros ddax toongr keets lieeuj phaps nayf nhuw sau: Tooi nghix caanf phair taoj neen mootj suwj thay ddooir veef theer chees chinhs trij ddeer daanx ddeens suwj cair thieenj veef kinh tees. Ba Lan chinhs laf nowi cos theer thuwr nghieemj dduwowcj. Tooi ddax chuaanr bij mootj soos phuwowng sachs cair cachs kinh tees roongj khawps, bao goomf ba phaanf: giams sats tieenf teej, ddieeuf chinhr keets caaus vaf toor chuwcs laij cacs khoanr nowj. Tooi cho rawngf muoons hoanf thanhf ddoongf thowif ba mucj tieeu thif caanf phair thuwcj hieenj toots tuwngf mucj tieeu mootj. Tooi chur truwowng mootj kieeur hoans ddooir nowj ddoois vowis coor phaanf owr taamf kinh tees vix moo (15) (George Soros, Baor hieemr daan chur (Underwriting Democray) -Free Press, 9-1991).Vieecj ddieeuf chinhr keets caaus neenf sanr xuaats cungx gioongs nhuw vieecj tieens hanhf phaaux thuaatj toanf dieenj traatj tuwj kinh tees vix moo, ddoongf thowif laij khuw khuw kieemr soats gawts gao nguoonf cung uwngs tieenf teej. Ddieeuf nayf chawngr khacs naof vieecj bacs six phaaux thuaatj cho beenhj nhaan nhuwng laij tuwf choois tieeps maus cho hoj vaayj, vaf keets cucj laf dduwowng nhieen neenf kinh tees supj ddoor hoanf toanf, neenf sanr xuaats suy thoais nghieem trongj, muwcs soongs cuar nguwowif daan tutj doocs khoong phanh, cacs nhaf mays coong nghieepj ddongs cuwar hangf loatj coong nhaan thaats nghieepj, suwj baats oonr xax hooij cangf tawng leen. Lucs nayf, cacs ngaan hangf quoocs tees ddem “nowj ddooir coor phieeus” bans ddoor bans thaos ra thij truwowngf vaf ung dung thu mua nhuwngx taif sanr chinhs yeeus cuar nhuwngx quoocs gia nayf. Ba Lan, Hungari, Lieen bang Nga, Ukraine laanf luwowtj bij leen thowts, ddeens muwcs neenf kinh tees cuar nhuwngx quoocs gia nayf 20 nawm sau vaanx chuwa theer khooi phucj hoanf toanf. Ddieeuf khacs bieetj giuwax

tinhf hinhf cuar cacs quoocs gia Ddoong Aau so vowis cacs quoocs gia nhor yeeus khoong cos suwcs phanr khangs owr chaau Phi vaf chaau Myx Latin chinhs laf: Lieen Xoo vaf Ddoong Aau ddeeuf laf cacs quoocs gia cos tieemf luwcj quaan suwj manhj ddeens muwcs nuwowcs Myx khoong theer ngur yeen, vaayj maf ddanhf phair baats luwcj truwowcs canhr ddaats nuwowcs bij cuwowps bocs mootj cachs ddieen cuoongf cos toor chuwcs. Ddieeuf nayf quar thuwcj laf hieenj tuwowngj cos mootj khoong hai trong lichj suwr nhaan loaij. Kieeur gieets nguwowif khoong dao nayf cuar Soros quar thuwcj laf ddieemr ddawcj bieetj cuar oong ta. Xem ra, ddeer tieeu dieetj mootj quoocs gia thif cachs lamf hieeuj quar nhaats chinhs laf phair lamf sao cho daan chungs owr quoocs gia ddos trowr neen maats nieemf tin vaof chinhs phur hay cacs nhaf lanhx ddaoj ddaats nuwowcs.

6. Ddanhs chawnj “vongf cung khungr hoangr” cuar tieenf teej chaau Aau

Sau khi ddatj dduwowcj mucj tieeu chieens luwowcj “giair theer cos kieemr soats” owr Ddoong Aau vaf Lieen Xoo, cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf quoocs tees tieeps tucj ngawms vaof Dduwcs vaf Phaps. Hai quoocs gia nayf ddongs vai trof chur choots owr cuwcj lucj ddiaj chaau Aau nhuwng laij bij gatj ra khoir ddiaj vij quyeenf luwcj voons cos neen tor ra khoong cam phaanj. Khoong conf chiuj anhr huwowngr cuar Lieen Xoo hungf manhj truwowcs kia, cacs nuwowcs nayf ngay laapj tuwcs tinhs chuyeenj taoj ra ddoongf tieenf chung chaau Aau, qua ddos muoons taoj neen suwj khacs bieetj vowis cacs thees luwcj taif chinhs Anh, Myx. Ddoongf tieenf chung chaau Aau mootj khi ra ddowif chawcs chawns sex ddanhs ddoongj ddiaj vij bas quyeenf cuar ddoongf USD. Xung ddootj tieenf teej giuwax trucj London – phoos Wall vowis ddoongf minh Dduwcs – Phaps sex ngayf cangf quyeets lieetj. Nguoonf cooij cuar vaans ddeef chinhs laf suwj giair theer cuar hieepj uwowcs Bretton Woods vaof nawm 1971 – hieepj uwowcs ddax gaay ra suwj hoonx loanj nghieem trongj trong heej thoongs tieenf teej thees giowis. Trong khuoon khoor hieepj uwowcs Bretton Woods vowis chees ddooj banr vij gians tieeps vangf, tyr suaats hoois ddoais tieenf teej cuar cacs quoocs gia chur yeeus treen thees giowis haauf nhuw dduwowcj

giuwx owr muwcs oonr ddinhj cao ddooj, neenf thuwowng maij vaf taif chinhs cuar cacs nuwowcs cungx khas caan banwgf. Bowir cacs quoocs gia booij chi taats yeeus sex phair maats ddi nhuwngx nguoonf taif sanr chinhs yeeus cuar quoocs gia cho neen khar nawng tins dungj cuar hieej thoongs ngaan hangf nuwowcs nayf sex suy giamr. Vif thees maf cacs quoocs gia phair ban hanhf chinhs sachs sieets chawtj tieenf teej nhawmf ngawn chawnj nhuwngx haauj quar xaaus khi neenf kinh tees rowi vaof tinhf trangj suy thoais. Lucs nayf, nhu caauf tieeu dungf taats nhieen sex phair giamr, vaf nhuw vaayj, nhu caauf nhaapj khaaur cungx phair giamr theo, keets quar laf thaam hutj thuwowng maij chaams duwts. Khi nguwowif daan bawts ddauf tichs luyx thif tuw banr cuar ngaan hangf cungx bawnx ddaauf gia tawng, quy moo sanr xuaats dduwowcj mowr roongj, hieenj tuwowngj xuaats sieeu manh nha, toongr taif sanr xax hooij tawng. Heej thoongs khoongs chees uwu vieetj nayf chuwngs nghieemj nhieeuf laanf qua thuwcj tieenx xax hooij tuwf nawm 1971 trowr veef truwowcs, khi goocs reex cuar vieecj thaam hutj maauj dichj khoong ddaats bams truj, ddoois xung ruir ro tieenf teej haauf nhuw laf ddieeuf khoong caanf thieets, coong cuj phais sinh taif chinhs cos ddieeuf kieenj ddeer toonf taij. Trong khuoon khoor tieenf teej theo banr vij vangf, moij quoocs gia ddeeuf caanf phair lamf vieecj mootj cachs chawm chir vaf khawcs khoor ddeer tichs luyx cuar cair, vaf ddaay cungx chinhs laf nguyeen nhaan cawn banr khieens cho cacs nhaf ngaan hangf quoocs tees ghets vangf.Khi khoong duwowcj baor ddamr bawngf vafng, heej thoongs tieenf teej trowr neen hoonx loanjh. Nhowf nhu caauf ddoois vowis ddoongf USD tuwf sau “khungr hoangr daauf mor” nhaan taoj coongj vowis chinhs sachs laix suaats cao caur chinhs phur Myx bawts ddaauf tuwf nawm 1979, ddoongf USD mowis daanf daanf laays laij dduwowcj vij thees cuar minhf. Ddoongf USD dduwowcj xem laf ddoongf tieenf tichs luyx cuar cacs nuwowcs treen thees giowis nhuwng gias trij cuar nos laij leen xuoongs thaats thuwowngf. Trong khi quyeenf thao tungs ddoongf tieenf nayf laij hoanf toanf nawmf trong tay trucj London – phoos Wall, cacs quoocs gia chaau Aau bij eps buoocj chiuj canhr qua soong luyj ddof camr thaays trong longf heets suwcs cay ddawngs. Vif vaay, cuoois thaapj nieen 70, Helmut Schmidt – Booj truwowngr taif chinhs DDwcs ddax

timf ddens Giscard d’Estaing – toongr thoongs Phaps – ddeer thuwowng luwowngj veef vieecj xaay duwngj mootj heej thoongs tieenf teej chaau Aau (European Monetary System) nhawmf giar quyeets vaans ddeef baats oonr trong hoois ddoais maauj dichj giuwax cacs nuwowcs chaau Aau – vaans ddeef ddang khieens nguwowif ta ddau ddaauf baays laau nay. Nawm 1979, heej thoongs tieenf teej chaau Aau bawts ddaauf chuyeenr ddoongj vaf ddem laij hieeuj quar raats toots. Cacs quoocs gia chaau Aau chuwa gia nhaapj heej thoongs nayf thif noo nuwcs bayf tor huwngs thus muoons tham gia vaof heej thoongs nayf. Moois lo lawngs rawngf trong tuwowng lai, heej thoongs nayf cos theer bieens thanhf chees ddooj tieenf teej thoongs nhaats cuar chaau Aau bawts ddaauf tacs ddoongj mootj cachs manhj mex ddeens nhuwngx nhaan vaatj coots cans cuar trucj London – phoos Wall. Ddieeuf khieens cho nguwowif ta baats an hown laf bawts ddaauf tuwf nawm 1977, Dduwcs vaf Phaps ddax bawts ddaauf nhungs tay vaof vuj OPEC. Hoj leen kees hoachj cung caaps nhuwngx sanr phaamr kyx thuaatj cao cho cacs nuwowcs xuaats khaaur daauf mor vaf giups cacs nuwowcs nayf thuwcj hieenj coong cuoocj coong nghieepj hoas, xem nhuw ddos laf ddieeuf kieenj trao ddooir. Cacs quoocs gia Araapj ddamr dduwowng nguoonf cung uwngs daauf mor oonr ddinhj trong thowif gian daif cho cacs nuwowcs Taay Aau ddoongf thowif ddem cacs khoanr thu tuwf xuaats khaaur daauf mor sang chaau Aau guwir vaof heej thoongs ngaan hangf cuar chaau lucj nayf. Ngay tuwf ddaauf, Anh ddax kieen quyeets phanr ddoois kees hoachj xaay duwngj heej thoongs tieenf teej mowis cuar Dduwcs vaf Phaps. Sau khi moij noox luwcj ngawn canr ddeeuf bij thaats baij, hoj ddax tuwf choois tham gia vaof heej thoongs tieenf teej nayf. Nuwowcs Dduwcs thowif ddos conf cos mootj muwu ddoof lowns hown nuwax – hoanf thanhf suwj nghieepj thoongs nhaats ddaats nuwowcs ddeer trowr thanhf mootj quoocs gia hungf manhj chur ddaoj cuar chaau Aau. Vif mucj ddichs nayf, Dduwcs ddax bawts ddaauf chur ddoongj xics laij gaanf Lieen Xoo, duy trif moois howpj tacs noongf aams vaf ddooi been cungf cos lowij vowis nuwowcs nayf. Ddeer ddoois phos vowis ys ddoof cuar Dduwcs – Phaps, cacs chieens luwowcj gia cuar London – phoos Wall ddax ddeef ra lys thuyeets “vongf

cung khungr hoangr”. Vaans ddeef trongj taam cuar lys thuyeets nayf laf vieecj kichs ddoongj cacs thees luwcj Hooif giaos caaps tieens owr Iran, gaay neen nhuwngx baats oonr owr khu vuwcj Trung Ddoong voons dduwowcj xem laf mor daauf cuar thees giowis. Anhr huwowngr cuar nhuwngx hoatj ddoongj phas hoaij nayf thaamj chis cos theer lan ddeens taanj khu vuwcj Hooif giaos thuoocj mieenf nam Lieen Xoo. Kees hoachj nayf vuwaf taans coong vaof vieenx canhr howpj tacs toots ddepj giuwax chaau Aau vaf Trung Ddoong, vuwaf ngawn canr buwowcs tieens cuar heej thoongs tieenf teej chung chaau Aau, khoongs chees Lieen Xoo ddoongf thowif chuaanr bij cho quaan ddooij Myx xaam nhaapj vaof khu vuwcj Vungf Vinhj sau nayf. Quar thuwcj, mootj muix teen cos theer gieets cheets ba con nhanj. Brzezinski – coos vaans an ninh quoocs gia vaf Vance – Booj truwowngr ngoaij giao ddax xuwr lys vuj vieecj raats nhipj nhangf vaf hieeuj quar. Tinhf thees owr Trung Ddoong ddang trowr neen rawcs roois nghieem trongj. Nawm 1979, cuoocj cachs mangj Iran bungf phats, cuoocj khungr hoangr daauf mor thees giowis laanf thuws hai noor ra. Thuwcj ra, veef banr chaats, thees giowis chuwa tuwngf cos chuyeenj thieeus hutj nguoonf daauf mor. Vieecj thieeus 3 trieeuj thungf daauf mooix ngayf do Iran cawts giamr sanr luwowngj hoanf toanf cos theer dduwowcj thay thees bawngf sanr luwowngj boor xung cuar Araapj Saudi vaf Kuwait duwowis suwj kieemr soats chawtj chex cuar Myx. Cacs trumf taif chinhs vaf daauf mor cuar London vaf phoos Wall ddax thar nooir gias daauf vowis mucj ddichs kichs thics nhu caauf thees giowis vowis ddoongf USD. Cacs ddaij gia ngaan hangf vuwaf thao tungs neenf coong nghieepj sanr xuaats daauf, vuwaf kieemr soats vieecj phats hanhf ddoongf USD. Vaf mootj khi hoj ddax ra chieeu thif thees giowis lamf sao tranhs khoir vongf kieemf toar? Mootj trof khacs cuar Brzezinski chinhs laf chieeu ddanhs “con baif Trung Quoocs”. Thangs 12 – 1978, nuwowcs Myx chinhs thuwcs laapj quan heej ngoaij giao vowis Trung Quoocs, tans thanhf vieecj quoocs gia ddaats roongj nguwowif ddoong nayf ra nhaapj trowr laij Lieen Hieepj Quoocs. Hanhf ddoongj nayf ddax gaay anhr huwowngr nghieem trongj ddeens Lieen Xoo. Lieen Xoo laapj tuwcs camr thaays xung quanh minhf tuws phuwowng ddeeuf cos ddichj, phias Ddoong cos khoois

Hieepj uwowcs Bawcs Ddaij Taay Duwowng (NATO), phias taay cos Trung Quoocs, phias Nam laij cos “vongf cung khungr hoangr”. Lieen Xoo nhuw chowtj giaatj minhf buwngf tinhr vaf cawts dduwts ngay moois quan heej voons dix mong manh vowis Dduwcs. Thangs 11 nawm 1989, buwcs tuwowngf Berlin supj ddoor, khi nguwowif Dduwcs awn muwngf suwj thoongs nhaats ddaats nuwowcs thif phoos Wall laij cos camr nhaanj rieeng. Cacs nhaf kinh tees hocj Myx ddax binhf luaanj thees nayf: Quar thuwcj, khi vieets veef lichj suwr neenf taif chinhs thaapj nieen 90 cuar thees kyr 20, cacs nhaf phaan tichs cos theer bij coi vuj supj ddoor buwcs tuwowngf Berlin kinh khungr hown car cown ddiaj chaans taif chinhs Nhaatj Banr. Suwj supj ddoor cuar buwcs tuwowngf nayf ddoongf nghiax vowis vieecj hangf trawm tyr USD sex chayr veef phias Ddoong – khu vuwcj maf hown saus muwowi nawm nay chawngr ddongs vai trof gif treen thij truwowngf taif chinhs thees giowis. Trong nhuwngx nawm gaanf ddaay Dduwcs khoong phair laf quoocs gia ddaauf tuw nuwowcs ngoaif chur yeeus cuar Myx. Vai trof nayf thuoocj veef Anh tuwf nawm 1987 ddeens nay; tuy nhieen, ddieeuf maf nguwowif Myx khoong theer queen laf, neeus khoong cos dduwowcj suwj tichs luyx lowns cuar Dduwcs, nuwowcs Anh khoong theer tieens hanhf ddaauf tuw quy moo nhuw vaayj ddoois vowis Myx (16) (16) William Engdahl,   Mootj thees kyr chieens tranh: Quan ddieemr chinhs trij daauf khis Anh – Myx vaf Traatj tuwj thees giowis mowis   (A Century of War: Anglo-American Oil Politics and The New World Order) - Pluto Press, London, 2004; Chuwowng 11).London ddax nhaanj dduwowcj ddieeuf nayf mootj cachs rox nets. Cacs chieens luwowcj gia cuar baf Thatcher thaamj chis conf hoo hoans rawngf “Dduwcs laf ddees quoocs thuws tuw”. Vaof ngayf 22 thangs 7 nawm 1990, towf Sunday Times ddax binhf luaanj nhuw thees nayf: Chungs ta hayx giar suwr rawngf sau khi thoongs nhaats, Dduwcs sex trowr thanhf mootj nguwowif khoongr loof luwowng thieenj, vaayj thif tinhf hinhf sex ra sao? Giar suwr vieecj Dduwcs thoongs nhaats sex khieens cho nuwowcs Nga cungx trowr thanhf mootj nguwowif khoongr loof luwowng thieenj, vaayj thif tinhf hinhf sex thees naof? Treen thuwcj tees, suwcs eps tuwf suwj lowns manhj cuar nuwowcs Dduwcs sex cangf

lowns hown. Cho duf nuwowc Dduwcs thoongs nhaats cos quyeets taam tieens hanhf canhj tranh theo quy tawcs cuar chungs ta thif treen thees giowis nayf ai cos theer ngawn canr huwux hieeuj vieecj nuwowcs Dduwcs ddoatj laay quyeenf binhs cuar chungs ta? (17) (17) William Engdahl,   Mootj thees kyr chieens tranh: Quan ddieemr chinhs trij daauf khis Anh – Myx vaf Traatj tuwj thees giowis mowis   (A Century of War: Anglo-American Oil Politics and The New World Order) - Pluto Press, London, 2004; Chuwowng 11). Muaf hef nawm 1990, Anh thanhf laapj mootj cow quan tinhf baos mowis vowis mucj tieeu tawng cuwowngf mowr roongj hoatj ddoongj tinhf baos ddoois vowis Dduwcs. Chuyeen gia tinhf baos cuar Anh ddax cuwowng quyeets ddeef nghij ddoongf minh Myx phair tuyeenr mooj nhaan vieen trong cacs nhaan vieen tinhf baos cux cuar Ddoong Dduwcs nhawmf taoj neen mangj luwowis tinhf baos Myx owr Dduwcs. Do tor ys camr kichs ddoois vowis vieecj Lieen bang Nga ungr hooj thoongs nhaats nuwowcs Dduwcs neen Dduwcs ddax quyeets taam giups ddowx Lieen bang Nga xaay duwngj laij neenf kinh tees ddang kieetj queej. Booj truwowngr taif chinhs Dduwcs hinhf dung veef mootj vieenx canhr toots ddepj cuar chaau Aau mowis trong tuwowng lai: mootj con dduwowngf sawts hieenj ddaij hoas noois lieenf Paris, Hanoveer, Berlin, Warsaw vaf Maxcowva; mootj heej thoongs tieenf teej chung, neenf kinh tees phoonf vinh, hooij nhaapj vowis nhau, chaau Aau sex khoong conf luwar chieens tranh vaf muif thuoocs sungs nuwax, taats car cacs quoocs gia chaau Aau chir cos mootj tuwowng lai ddepj nhuw trong moongj aor. Tuy nhieen, ddoois vowis cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf quoocs tees thif ddieeuf nayf khoong phair laf moongj tuwowngr. Ddieeuf maf hoj quan taam laf lamf thees naof ddeer haj gucj ddoongf macs Dduwcs, ddanhs baij ys tuwowngr veef ddoongf tieenf chung chaau Aau ddang manh nha hinhf thanhf ddoongf thowif canr trowr coong cuoocj tais thieets cuar nuwowcs Dduwcs. Ddaay laf boois canhr chinhs khi Soros ddanhs chawnj ddoongf bangr Anh vaf ddoongf lia Ys duwowis suwj sawps ddawtj cuar London – phoos Wall vaof ddaauf thaapj nieen 90. Nawm 1990, chinhs phur Anh baats chaaps suwj phanr ddoois cuar London, ngang nhieen ra nhaapj vaof heej thoongs hoois ddoais tieenf teej chaau Aau (ERM). Vif nhaanj thaays heej thoongs ddoongf tieenf chaau

Aau ddang daanf daanf thanhf hinhf cos theer trowr thanhf moois hoaj tieemf aanr cho trucj taif chinhs London – phoos Wall, cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf quoocs tees ddax laapj kees hoachj ddeer phas hoaij heej thoongs tieenf teej non trer nayf. Nawm 1990, buwcs tuwowngf Berlin supj ddoor, nuwowcs Dduwcs thoongs nhaats. Nhuwngx khoanr chi tieeu khoongr loof theo ddos maf keos ddeens vaf trowr thanhf ddieeuf khoong theer ngowf towis. Nhawmf ddoois phos vowis aps luwcj lamj phats tieenf teej, Ngaan hangf trung uwowng Dduwcs ddax phair naang cao laix suaats caur ddoongf macs. Cungf nawm ddos, Anh ra nhaapj heej thoongs hoois ddoais tieenf teej chaau Aau (ERM) vaf cungx gawpj khoong its khos khawn veef kinh tees vowis tyr leej lamj phats cao gaaps 3 laanf sow vowis Dduwcs laix suaats tawng ddeens 15%, neenf kinh tees bong bongs cuar nhuwngx nawm 80 ddang caanj keef nguy cow noor tung. Ddeens nawm 1992, owr Ys vaf Anh xuaats hieenj hieenj tuwowngj thaam hutj maauj dichj song phuwowng. Nhaf ddaauf cow Soros ddax nhawms trungs thowif ddieemr ddeer phats ddoongj cuoocj toongr taans coong vaof thij truwowngf taif chinhs ngayf 16 thangs 9 nawm 1992, bans thaos coor phieeus vowis toongr gias trij leen ddeens 10 tyr USD. Ddeens 7 giowf toois, Anh tuyeen boos ddaauf hangf, vaf Soros kieems dduwowcj 1,1 tyr USD ddoongf thowif haats vawng ddoongf bangr Anh vaf ddoongf lia ra khoir heej thoongs hoois ddoais chaau Aau. Ngay sau ddos, Soros taans coong vaof ddoongf francs Phaps vaf macs Dduwcs, tuy nieen, trong canh bacj trij gias leen ddeens 40 tyr USD laanf nay, ddos khoong phair laf ddieeuf deex dangf ddatj dduwowc. Nhuw vaayj, cos theer thaays rawngf, cacs oong trumf taif chinhs hungf manhj laf nhuwngx ker hoox trowj cho Soros trong cuoocj toongr coong kichs vaof heej thoongs ddoongf tieenf chaau Aau nayf.

7. Cuoocj chieens tieenf teej chaau AsDdaauf nhuwngx ngawm 90 cuar thees kyr 20, trucj taif chinhs London – phoos Wall treen chieens tuyeens phias ddoong ddax chawnj dduwowcj thees tieens coong cuar neenf kinh tees Nhaatj Banr. Conf treen chieens tuyeens phias taay, trucj taif chinhs nayf ddax ddanhs baij dduwowcj neenf kinh tees Ddoong Aau vaf Lieen Xoo. Giaacs moongj veef mootj heej thoongs tieenf teej thoongs nhaas chaau Aau cuar Dduwcs vaf Phaps

cungx theo suwj phas binhx cuar Soros maf tamj thowif bij gacs laij, trong khi chaau Phi vaf chaau Myx Latin chawngr khacs naof cas nawmf treent thowts. Cacs nhaf ngaan hangf quoocs tees ddawcs chis har hee. Rieeng “moo hinhf kinh tees chaau As” cuar khu vuwcj Ddoong Nam As ddang ngayf cangf phats trieenr laij laf ddieeuf khieens cho hoj cay cus. Chinhs phur cacs nuwowcs trong khu vuwcj nayf theo dduooir moo hinhf phats trieenr vowis ddawcj ddieemr nooir baatj laf laays phats trieenr kinh tees lamf mucj tieeu chinhs, taapj trung nguoonf luwcj quoocs gia ddeer ddootj phas vaof trong nhuwngx linhx vuwcj cos tinhs chaats trongj yeeus, coi trongj ddaayr manhj xuaats khaaur, naang cao tichs luyx cuar nguwowif daan. Bawts ddaauf tuwf nhuwngx nawm 70, neenf kinh tees cuar cacs nuwowcs trong khu vuwcj Ddoong Nam As ddax phats trieenr nhanh chongs, vaf keets quar laf, cacs nuwowcs nayf buwowcs vaof thowif kyf phoonf thinhj chuwa tuwngf cos, ddowif soongs nguwowif daan ngayf mootj naang cao, trinhf ddooj giaos ducj binhf quaan tawng cao oonr ddinh, chir soos phaan hoas giauf ngheof dduwowcj giamr thieeur nhanh chongs. Moo hinhf phats trieenr nayf hoanf toanf ddi nguwowcj vowis moo hinhf “kinh tees thij truwowngf tuwj do” maf “nhaanj thuwcs chung Washington” (Washington Consensus) ddax ra suwcs ungr hooj, vaf ddang ngayf cangf looi keos dduwowcj suwj chus ys cuar cacs quoocs gia ddang phats trieenr khacs, gaay canr trowr nghieem trongj ddeens phuwowng chaam chieens luwowcj cow banr “giair theer cos kieemr soats” do cacs nhaf ngaan hangf quoocs tees ddax hoachj ddinhj. Mucj tieeu chieens luwowcj maf cacs nhaf ngaan hangf quoocs tees muoons ddatj dduwowcj khi phats ddoongj cuoocj chieens bops cheets tieenf teej chaau As chinhs laf: ddaapj tan “moo hinhf phats trieenr chaau As” khieens cho ddoongf tieenf chaau As rowts gias nghieem trongj so vowis ddoongf USD, giamr gias hangf nhaapj khaaur tuwf Myx nhawmf thao tungs nanj lamj phats tieenf teen, bans toongs bans thaos taif sanr chur choots cuar cacs quoocs gia chaau As cho cacs coong ty Aau – Myx, ddaayr nhanh tieens ddooj “giair theer cos kieemr soats”. Theem vaof ddos, cacs nhaf ngaan hangf quoocs tees conf ddawtj ra mootj mucj tieeu khacs heets suwcs quan trongj: kichs thichs nhu caauf cuar cacs quoocs

gia chaau As ddoois vowis ddoongf USD cos theer dduwowcj coi laf “baor vaatj voo gias” trong tay. Thangs 12 nawm 1994, trong cuoons “Suwj kyf dieeuj cuar kyf tichs chaau As” dduwowcj ddawng treen Foreign Affairs, Grumman ddax duwj baos rawngf, neenf kinh tees chaau As awts sex gawpj phair mootj raof canr lowns. Nhuwngx quan ddieemr maf tacs phaamr chir ra nhuw ddaauf tuw naang cao nawng suaats sanr xuaats (ddaauf tuw chieeuf saau) cuar cacs nuwowcs chaau As vaanx conf chuwa phoor bieens. Neeus chir duwaj vaof vieecj mowr roongj quy moo sanr xuaats (ddaauf tuw chieeuf roongj) thif cuoois cungf, cacs nuwowcs chaau As sex gawpj phair giowis hanj. Dduwowng nhieen, nhuwngx quan ddieemr nayf ddeeuf howpj lys. Tuy nhieen, cacs quoocs gia chaau As ddeeuf gawpj khos khawn khi bawts ddaauf coong cuoocj ddaauf tuw nayf vaf chieef khoas cho suwj phats trieenr nawmf owr choox phair lamf thees naof ddeer vaanj dungj mootj cachs phuf howpj nhaats vowis tuwngf nowi nhawmf taoj ra banf ddapj phats trieenr. Banr thaan nhuwngx vaans ddeef nayf cungx laf hieenj tuwowngj tuwj nhieen xuaats hieenj trong tinhf hinhf phats trieenr cuar cacs quoocs gia nayf vaf hoanf toanf cos theer dduwowcj giair quyeets mootj cachs toots ddepj trong quas trinhf phats trieenr. Neeus nhinf tuwf gocs ddooj vawn chuwowng thif cos theer thaays rawngf, cuoons sachs cuar Grumman chawngr khacs naof phats ddanj baos hieeuj cho cuoocj chieens bops cheets tieenf teej chaau As. Mucj tieeu ddaauf tieen cuar cacs nhaf ngaan hangf quoocs tees laf lamf thees naof ddeer ra ddonf huyr dieetj ddoois vowis Thailand. Trong mootj baif phongr vaans cuar tapj chis Times, Soros – vij tuwowngs chir huy traanj chieens huyr dieetj neenf kinh tees cuar ddaats nuwowcs Chuaf Vangf – ddax nois rawngf: “Chungs tooi nhuw mootj baayf sois dduwngs treen suwownf nuis cao nhinf xuoongs baayf nai tow. Neeus nois neenf kinh tees Thailand gioongs nhuw mootj con hoor cuar chaau As thif thaf nois rawngf, nos gioongs mootj con thus bij thuwowng. Chungs tooi chonj con mooif yeeus owts ddeer ddi sawn chinhs laf ddeer baor ddamr cho car baayf nai tow dduwowcj an toanf vaf khoer manhj”. Tuwf nawm 1994, do anhr huwowngr tuwf suwj maats gias cuar ddoongf nhaan daan teej vaf ddoongf yeen, nganhf xuaats khaaur cuar Thailand ddax trowr neen suy yeeus. Ddoongf bath Thailand xuwa nay vaanx

gawns chawtj vowis ddoongf USD nay laij bij ddoongf USD manhj hown laans ats vaf taoj ra khungr hoangr. Cungf vowis suwj sutj giamr trong xuaats khaaur, mootj luwowngj lowns tieenf ddaauf tuw nongs tuwf nuwowcs ngoaif chayr vaof khoong nguwngf ddaayr gias thij truwowngf chuwngs khoans, baats ddoongj sanr leen cao. Lucs nayf, duwj truwx ngoaij hoois cuar Thailand tuy cos hown 38 tyr USD, nhuwng toongr nowj nuwowcs ngoaif ddax leen towis 106 tyr USD keer tuwf nawm 1996. Nguoonf voons rongf chayr ra nuwowcs ngoaif tuwf Thailand ddax bawngf 8% GDP cuar nuwowcs nayf. Ddeer ddoois phos vowis nanj lamj phats tieenf teej, ngaan hangf Thailand buoocj phair naang laix suaats ddoongf bath leen khieens cho ddaats nuwowcs nayf ddax khos khawn vif nowj naanf nay laij cangf theem kieetj queej. Thailand chir conf mootj loois thoats duy nhaats – ngay laapj tuwcs chur ddoongj giamr gias ddoongf bath xuoongs. Cacs nhaf ngaan hangf quoocs tees tinhs toans rawngf, vif cacs khoanr nowj cuar Thailand ddeeuf bawngf USD neen khi ddoongf USD tawng gias, duwj truwx ngoaij hoois cuar nuwowcs nayf sex giamr xuoongs khoangr 10 tyr USD. Nhuw vaayj, ddos sex laf mootj toonr thaats lowns ddoois vowis Thailand. Cacs oong trumf taif chinhs ddax nhaanj ddinhj rawngf, chawcs chawns chinhs phur Thailand sex phair baor veej ddoongf bath bawngf moij gias chuws khoong bos tay chiuj cheets. Dieenx tieens tinhf hinhf sau ddos quar nhieen ddax chuwngs minh rawngf, suwj phans ddoans cuar cacs oong trumf taif chinhs nayf laf heets suwcs chinhs xacs. Tuy nhieen, tinhf hinhf Thailand lucs nayf khacs vowis Nhaatj Banr thowif truwowcs. Nhaatj Banr laf quoocs gia cos thuwcj luwcj taif chinhs vaf tichs luyx ngoaij hoois cuwcj kyf hungf haauj, neeus truwcj tieeps taans coong vaof tieenf teej cuar Nhaatj Banr thif chawngr khacs naof laays truwngs choij ddas, vif thees cacs nhaf ngaan hangf quoocs tees ddax dungf coong cuj phais sinh mowis hay cachs danhf “cuwj ly xa” vaf “vuwowtj taamf nhinf” khoong gian ddeer lamf vux khis. Hieeuj quar cuar cachs ddanhs aays chawngr khacs naof chieens thuaatj dungf hangf khoong maaux hamj ddeer ddoois phos vowis tauf chieens trong thowif kyf chieens tranh thees giowis thuws hai, khieens cho uy luwcj phaps hamj hungf manhj cuar tauf chieens cowx lowns cuar Nhaatj Banr khoong theer phats huy dduwowcj maf phair vuif

thaan ddays bieenr. Trong tinfh thees cheenh leechj veef luwcj luwowngj, Thailand phair quyeets chieens ddeens cungf vaf boocj looj ys ddoof chieens luwowcj, hown nuwax laij tor rox suwj thieeus linh hoatj vaf baats ngowf trong chieens thuaatj neen thaats baij laf ddieeuf khoong theer tranhs khoir. Trong chieens dichj ddoois phos vowis Thailand vaf cacs quoocs gia Ddoong Nam As khacs, cacs sats thur taif chinhs chur yeeus nhawms vaof heej thoongs tieenf teej cuar cacs quoocs gia nayf. Thoong qua howpj ddoongf keets toans bawngf ddoongf tieenf cuar cacs nuwowcs trong khu vuwcj vaf howpj ddoongf kyf hanj chir soos coor phieeus ddeer taoj neen gongj kimf, chir trong vongf 6 thangs ngawns nguir, hoj ddax quets sachj khu vuwcj Ddoong Nam As vaf Hanf Quoocs. Sau khi thaats baij toanf dieenj trong cuoocj ddoois ddaauf vowis cacs sats thur kinh tees, Thailand laij chur ddoongj lao ddaauf vaof cais thongf longj IMF. Vif tin tuwowngr muf quangs ddoois vowis “toor chuwcs quoocs tees”, Thailand ddax deex dangf ddem vaanj meenhj quoocs gia giao cho nguwowif ngoaif quyeets ddinhj, mootj laanf nuwax phamj sai laamf cheets nguwowif. Nhuwngx mons nowj nuwowcs ngoaif keechs xuf laf nguyeen nhaan chur yeeus khieens cho cacs quoocs gia ddang phats trieenr rowi vaof khungr hoangr. Ddaoj lys cuar vieecj trij quoocs vaf trij gia thuwcj suwj gioongs nhau, mawcs nowj nhieeuf thif taats yeeus sex daanx ddeens suwj suy nhuwowcj cuar tinhf hinhf suwcs khoer neenf kinh tees. Trong khi mooi truwowngf taif chinhs been ngoaif khoong dduwowcj khoongs chees hoanf toanf thif vieecj sinh toonf dduwowcj hay khoong chir cos theer duwaj vaof suwj may mawns. Trong khi cacs ngaan hangf quoocs tees ddang thao tungs huwowngs ddi ddiaj chinhs trij quoocs tees khieens cho mooi truwowngf taif chinhs mowis ddaauf cos ver ddangs tin caayj vaf lamf tawng ganhs nawngj nowj naanf cho cacs quoocs gia ddang phats trieenr leen raats nhieeuf laanf, cacs sats thur taif chinhs laij thuwaf thees phats ddoongj cacs cuoocj taans coong vowis xacs suaats thawngs lowij heets suwcs lowns. Vieecj khoong ys thuwcs ruir ro, ddawcj bieetj khoong cos taam lys chuaanr bij ddeer ddoois mawtj vowis nhuwngx cuoocj chieens khoong tuyeen maf chieens voons khoocs lieetj vaf voo hinhf cos theer xayr ra vowis cacs thees luwcj London –

phoos Wall chinhs laf nguyeen nhaan quan trongj thuws hai daanx ddeens suwj thaats baij veef taif chinhs cuar Thailand. Khar nawng phans ddoans sai huwowngs taans coong cuar ddoois thur ddeer rooif trungs ddonf cuar sats thur taif chinhs vaf sau ddos bij IMF bocs lootj thamr haij chinhs laf thaats baij keps cuar Thailand: Cacs nuwowcs khacs owr khu vuwcj Ddoong Nam As ddeeuf lawpj laij veets xe ddoor cuar Thailand. Duwowis suwj phoois howpj chawtj chex cuar cacs taapj ddoanf ngaan hangf danh tieengs nhuw ngaan hangf Hoa Kyf, Coong ty Goldman Sachs bawts ddaauf vaof traanj sawn mooif. Cacs con mooif “bij thuwowng” dduwowcj giao ngay cho Quyx tieenf teej quoocs tees (IMF) ddeer quyx nayf gieetsmoor, trong khi cacs coong ty Aau – Myx ddang themf nhor daix teef tuwuj ddoong ddur chowf leenhj xoong vaof riar mooif. Neeus vieecj “xe thitj” cacs coong ty mua dduwowcj rooif bans laij cho cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf ddaauf tuw khacs cos theer mang laij nhieeuf tyr USD thif vieecj haj gucj vaf phats maix nhuwngx taif sanr trongj yeeus cuar mootj soos quoocs gia cos chur quyeenf its nhaats cungx cos theer cho nguwowif ta cow hooij kieems dduwowcj gaaps muwowif laanf nhuw thees, thaamj chis hangf trawm laanf chuw chuwngf. Neeus cos ys moons thanhf laapj mootj “Quyx chaau As” cuar rieeng minhf ddeer cuwus trowj khaanr caaps cho cacs quoocs gia trong khu vuwcj ddang laam vaof canhr khos khawn, dduwowng nhieen cacs quoocs gia chaau As sex vaaps phair suwj phanr ddoois ddoongf loatj cuar cacs quoocs gia phuwowng Taay. Talbot – Thuws truwowngr Booj Ngoaij giao Myx ddax nois: “Chungs tooi cho rawngf, mootj cow caaus thichs howpj, ddeer giair quyeets nhuwngx vaans ddeef nhuw thees nayf phair laf toor chuwcs cos taamf vocs vuwowtj ra khoir khu vuwcj vaf mang taamf quoocs tees chuws khoong phair laf coong vieecj cuar mootj toor chuwcs cos tinhs khu vuwcj mowis dduwowcj thanhf laapj, bowir vif banr thaan vaans ddeef nayf anhr huwowngr raats saau sawcs vaf laau daif, vuwowtj ra khoir phamj vi lanhx thoor cuar Thailand cuangx nhuw Ddoong Nam As”. Khi ddocj lowif chaof muwngf Hieepj hooij Nhaatj Banr owr New York, Summer – Booj truwonwgr taif chinhs Myx – ddax cho rawngf, “quan

nieemj dungf toor chuwcs tieenf teej khu vuwcj ddeer giair quyeets khos khawn trong khungr hoangr cos theer taoj ra nhuwngx nguy cow ruir ro. Cachs lamf nayf sex giamr thieeur nguoonf voons cos theer dungf ddeer uwngs phos vowis khungr hoangr tuwowng laij ddoongf thowif sex lamf suy yeeus khar nawng uwngs phos vowis cuoocj khungr hoangr vuwowtj taamf chaau lucj. Ddaay chinhs laf nguyeen nhaan quan trongj khieens chungs tooi cho rawngf Quyx tieenf teej qoocs tees caanf phair ddongs vai trof trung taam”. Fisher – Phos chur tichj thuws nhaats Quyx tieenf teej quoocs tees – canhr baos rawngf, quyx khu vuwcj khoong theer toor chuwcs gioongs nhuw Quyx tieenf teej quoocs tes, ddoongf thowif nghieem khawcs yeeu caauf cacs quoocs gia huwux quan phair thuwcj hieenj cair cachs kinh tees toongr theer ddeer ddooir laays vieenj trowj. Fisher nois: “Chungs tooi khoong cho rawngf, vieecj thieets laapj mootj quyx khoongr loof hoawcj cow caaus daif hanj dduwa ra cacs ddieeuf kieenj khacs nhau sex cos ichs ddoois vowis quoocs tees”. Nhaatj Banr voons laf nuwowcs khowir xuwowngs tichs cuwcj “Quyx chaau As” nhuwng duwowis aps luwcj cuar London – phoos Wall thif khoong theer khoong phucj tungf. Booj truwowngr taif chinhs Nhaatj Banr Sanshuhaku bayr tor, “Quyx tieenf teej quoocs tees nhaats quans sex ddongs vai trof hatj nhaan, phats huy vaf baor veej oonr ddinhj taif chinhs toanf caauf trong cow caaus taif chinhs quoocs tees. Quyx nayf do cacs quoocs gia chaau As kieens nghij thanhf laapj, sex dduwowcj xem laf mootj cow caaus boor trowj cho quyx tieenf teej quoocs tees”. Mootj khais nieemj mowis do Tokyo ddeef xuaats chinhs laf vieecj suwr dungj mootj quyx khoong cos tieenf voons. Theo nhuw khais nieemj mowis cuar Tokyo thif ddaay laf mootj cow caaus vowis tinhs chaats hoox trowj vowis mootj toocs ddooj raats nhanh, cos kees hoachj ddieeuf ddoongj nguoonf voons tuwf truwowcs ddeer chi vieenj cho khoong ddoongf tieenf naof bij nhaf ddaauf cow quoocs tees taans coong. Khi dduwowcj ddeef xuaats taij hooij nghij thuwowngf nieen cuar Ngaan hangf thees giowis vaf Quyx tieenf teej quoocs tees toor chuwcs taij Hongkong, kieens nghij thieets laapj Quyx chaau As nayf laapj tuwcs ddax taoj neen suwj canhr giacs cao ddooj cho Myx vaf cacs quoocs gia phuwowng

Taay. Hoj lo rawngf, kieens nghij treen sex phas vowx nhieemj vuj cuar Quyx tieenf teej quoocs tees. Cuoois cungf, thur tuwowngs Nhaatj Banr Hasimoto Ryutaro chir cos theer bayf tor, “Chungs tooi khoong tuwj cao tuwj ddaij ddeens muwcs cho rawngf minhf laf quoocs gia ddaauf tauf cos ddur suwcs khooi phucj hoanf toanf neenf kinh tees khu vuwcj chaau As. Tuy nhieen, Nhaatj Banr ddax chi vieenj cho mootj soos cacs quoocs gia chaau As ddax cho rawngf, neeus vif thay thees vai trof cuar Quyx tieenf teej quoocs tees thif phair thanhf laapj Quyx chaau As thif sex cos “ruir ro veef ddaoj dduwcs”. Cacs quoocs gia chaau As xaay duwngj quyx cuar rieeng minhf ddeer tieenj giups ddowx laanx nhau trong cown nguy nan – mootj vieecj voons dix heets suwcs toots ddepj. Tuy nhieen, hoj laij gawpj phair suwj phanr ddoois kichj lieetj cuar trucj taif chinhs London – phoos Wall. Nhaatj Banr voons dduwowcj xem laf neenf kinh tees lowns nhaats trong khu vuwcj, neen laij bij cacs nhaf ngaan hangf khoongs chees neen thieeus suwj quyeets ddoans vaf longf can ddamr toois thieeur ddeer giups cacs nhaf lanhx ddaoj kinh tees chaau As thoats khoir khos khawn. Ddieeuf nay khoong khoir khieens cho cacs nuwowc Ddoong Nam As ddang rowi vaof canhr tuyeetj vongj camr thaays cangf thaats vongj hown. Nhuwng ddieeuf khieens nguwowif ta khos nghix haats chinhs laf quan ddieemr cuar Singapore. Vieecj cho minhf vaf cacs nuwowcs langs gieengf cuar minhf cais quyeenf quyeets ddinhj giups ddowx laanx nhau trong tinhf huoongs khos khawn sao laij cos theer gaay ra “ruir ro ddaoj dduwcs” vaf ddos laf “ddaoj dduwcs” caur ai? Thur tuwowngs Malaysia Mahathir laf nhaf lanhx ddaoj owr chaau As cos cais nhinf tuwowng ddoois thaaus suoots ddoois vowis banr chaats thuwcj cuar khungr hoangr. Oong cho rawngf: “Chungs ta hoanf toanf chawngr bieets dduwowcj nguoonf goocs tieenf bacj cuar hoj, cungx chawngr bieets roots cuoocj ai ddang giao dichj, cangf khoong bieets dduwowcj sau luwng hoj conf cos ai? Chungs ta cos bieets dduwowcj ai laf ker dduwngs sau luwng hoj?” Oong cho rawngf, vowis chees ddooj giao dichj tieenf teej truwowcs mawts, chawngr ai bieets dduwowcj lieeuj nguoonf tieenf nayf cos chinhs ddangs hay khoong, hay laf sanr phaamr cuar nanj ruwar tieenf? “Bowir chawngr cos ai dams hoir, maf cungx chawngr theer

kieemr tra dduwowcj”. Chir caanf nhuwngx nguwowif nayf phats ddoongj taans coong vaof baats cuws quoocs gia naof, thif luwowngj tieenf khoong theer ddeems xueer cuar hoj sex aof atj chayr vaof quoocs gia ddos. Baats luaanj laf thij truwowngf tieenf teej, hangf hoas kyf hanj hay giao dichj chuwngs khoans, ddeeuf phair dduwowcj tieens hanhf duwowis cow chees howpj lys, “vif vaayj chungs ta caanf phair kieemr soats giao dichj tieenf teej, khieens cho nos trowr thanhf minh bachj hown”. Ngay tuwcs khawcs, Mahathir ddax gawpj phair buas riuf duw luaanj phuwowng Taay. Caau hoir gay gawts cuar Mahathir cos lex khoong phuf howpj lawms ddeer phats bieeur trong cuoocj hopj mang tinhs ngoaij giao, tuy nhieen, oong ddax dduwa ra caau hoir mootj cachs ddichs xacs veef vaans ddeef maf moij nguwowif daan chaau As ddeeuf nghi hoawcj. Hanf Quoocs – mootj ddoongf minh thaan caanj cuar Myx trong thowif kyf chieens tranh lanhj – sau khi bij cown baox taif chinhs quets qua, ddax chiaf tay veef phias Myx xin vieenj trowj nhuwng laij khoong ngowf taij sao nuwowcss Myx duwts khoats tuwf choois vaf nhanh chongs thay ddooir ddeens vaayj. Trong con mawts cuar cacs ngaan hangf quoocs tees, moois quan heej thaan thieets giuwax Myx vowis Hanf Quoocs ddax trowr thanhf mows xuwowng tanf conf sots laij cuar cuoocj chieens tranh lanhj. Chinhs phur Myx ddax tranh caix kichj lieetj veef vaans ddeef nayf, vaf theo ys kieens cuar Booj truwowngr Booj ngoaij giao Madeleine Albright cungx nhuw coos vaans an ninh quoocs gia thif Myx phair chiaf tay ra ddeer cuwus vowts nguwowif anh em, trong khi Booj taif chinhs ddaij dieenj cho phoos Wall thif cuwcj luwcj phanr ddoois, thaamj chis conf chir trichs Madeleine Albright chawngr hieeur moo tee gif veef kinh tees hocj. Cuoois cungf, Clinton ddax phair tuaan theo quan ddieemr cuar Booj taif chinhs. Theo Booj truwowngr taif chinhs Rubin, cuoocj khungr hoangr nayf chinhs laf thowif cow toots nhaats ddeer Myx ddapj toang canhs cuwar kinh tees cuar Hanf Quoocs. Oong ta ddax ra leenhj cho Quyx tieenf teej quoocs tees phair thuwcj thi cacs bieenj phaps haf khawcs hown so vowis truwowcs ddaay ddeer ddoois ddaix vowis ddoongf minh cux ddang xin vay vieenj trowj nayf. Duwowis suwcs eps cuar Booj taif chinhs Myx, IMF ddax naang cacs ddieeuf kieenj ddoois vowis vaans ddeef “vieenj

trowj”, bao goomf vieecj Hanf Quoocs phair laapj tuwcs giair quyeets cacs ddieeuf kieenj cos lowij ddoois vowis Myx vaf moij tranh chaaps thuwowng maij vowis phias Myx. Nguwowif daan Hanf Quoocs ddax phaanx nooj chir trichs cacs ddieeuf kieenj khawts khe nayf, vif Myx vaf IMF luoon sawnx sangf dduwa ra cho Hanf Quoocs cacs ddieeuf kieenj baats howpj lys, Joseph E. Stigliz – nhaf kinh tees hocj hangf ddaauf cuar Ngaan hangf thees giowis – cho rawngf, vieecj Hanf Quoocs rowi vaof khungr hoangr taif chinhs bawts nguoonf tuwf khi Booj taif chinhs Myx thucs bachs Hanf Quoocs tieens hanhf mowr cuwar thij truwowngf tuw banr taif chinhs toanf dienj vaf nhanh chongs. Vowis vai trof coos vaans kinh tees hangf ddaauf cuar Clinton, Joseph E. Stiglitz ddax kieen quyeets phanr ddoois kieeur hanhf vi thoo loox nayf, oong cho rawngf kieeur mowr cuwar nayf chawngr ddem laij lowij ichs an toanf naof cho nuwowcs Myx maf chir cos lowij cho cacs nhaf ngaan hangf phoos Wall maf thooi. Chinhs phur Hanf Quoocs trong tinfh thees buwcs bachs ddax phair chaaps nhaanj raats nhieeuf ddieeuf kieenj haf khawcs cuar Myx, cho pheps Myx xaay duwngj cacs chi nhanhs ngaan hangf, coong ty nuwowcs ngoaif cos theer nawms giuwx 26% ddeens 50% coor phieeus cuar coong ty Hanf Quoocs treen sanf, nguwowif nuwowcs ngoaif cos theer nawms giuwx 7% ddeens 50% soos coor phaanf cacs coong ty cuar nuwowcs nayf. Cacs coong ty cuar Hanf Quoocs caanf phair suwr dungj nguyeen tawcs kees toans quoocs tees, cow caaus taif chinhs caanf phair chaaps nhaanj suwj thaamr tra nghieepj vuj kees toans quoocs tees ngaan hangf trung uwowng Hanf Quoocs caanf phair vaanj hanhf ddoocj laapj hoois ddoais tieenf teej theo coong thuwcs tuw banr, minh bachj hoas tieens trinhf cho pheps nhaapj khaaur, giams sats cow caaus coong ty, cair cachs thij truwowngf lao ddoongj. Cacs nhaf ngaan hangf Myx themf nhor daix truwowcs cacs doanh nghieepj Hanf Quocs. Chir ddowij Hanf Quoocs ddawtj buts kys vaof banr thoar thuaanj, hoj sawnx sangf ddapj leen nhau ddeer xaau xes con mooif sawn ddax dduoois suwcs. Thees nhuwng, cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf quoocs tees ddax quas xem nhej suwj manhj mex vaf ys thuwcs daan toocj cuar nguwowif Hanf. Mootj quoocs gia cos ys thuwcs daan toocj hoox trowj thif raats khos bij cacs thees luwcj been ngoaif thoongs trij. Nguwowif daan Hanf

Quocos rowi vaof tinhf canhr coo laapj voo phuwowng baaus vius ddax sooi nooir quyeen hieens vangf bacj cuar minhf cho quoocs gia. Trong tinhf canhr toanf booj nguoonf duwj truwx ngoaij hoois ddax canj kieetj thif vangf bacj ddax nhanh chongs trowr thanhf phuwowng thuwcs hoanf tar nowj dduwowcj ddoong ddaor chur nowj nuwowcs ngoaif vui ver chaaps nhaanj. Ddieeuf cangf khieens cho cacs nhaf ngaan hangf quoocs tees kinh ngacj hown laf, taij Hanf Quoocs khoong xuaats hieenj lanf songs phas sanr hangf loatj cuar cacs ngaan hangf vaf coong ty quy moo lowns theo hinhf dung cuar hoj. Cacs coong ty phuwowng Taay haauf nhuw khoong theer thaau toms dduwowcj baas cuws doanh nghieepj lowns naof cuar Hanf Quoocs. Muaf xuaan nawm 1998, ngay khi Hanf Quoocs ddax vuwowtj qua dduwowcj gian khos, lowij nhuaanj xuaats khaaur cuar Hanf Quoocs ddax tawng nhanh caaps kyf, chinhs phur Hanf Quoocs ddax nhaanj ra heets ngons ddonf cuar phoos Wall vaf duwts khoats bor ngay nhuwngx lieeuf thuoocs ddoocj cuar IMF. Vieecj xin phas sanr cuar cacs doanh nghieepj lowns ddoongf loatj dduwowcj chinhs phur ddinhf chir. Chinhs phur Hanf Quoocs ddax quyeets ddinh thanh lys cacs khoanr nowj xaaus trij gias 70 ddeens 150 tyr USD tuwf heej thoongs ngaan hangf. Ngay khi chinhs phur nhaanj dduwowcj nhuwngx khoanr nowj xaaus nayf, quyeenf kieemr soats cuar ngaan hangf laij lotj vaof tay chinhs phur. Vaf nhuw vaayj, IMF bij ddaayr ra khoir linhx vuwcj xaay duwngj laij heej thoongs ngaan hangf. Ddieeuf nayf khoong nhuwngx khieens cho cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf quoocs tees vaf Booj taif chinhs Myx muwngf hutj mootj phen maf conf khieens cho Hanf Quoocs cangf nhaanj thuwcs tinhr taos hown veef taamf quan trongj taats yeeu cuar chinhs phur trong vieecj lanhx ddaoj neenf kinh tees. Muwu ddoof thoon tinhs coong ty phaanf meemf lowns nhaats Hanf Quoocs ddax vowx tan, tams coong ty phaanf meemf banr ddiaj cuar Hanf Quoocs cuoois cungf ddax vaanj hanhf suoon ser. Kees hoachj thaau toms coong ty oo too KIA cuar Ford bij gayx ganhs. Hanhf ddoongj tieeps quanr hai nhaf bawng ddiaj phuwowng lowns cuar ngaan hangf nuwowcs ngoaif ddax bij ddinhf chir, chinhs phur Hanf Quoocs tamj thowif quanr lys hai ngaan hangf nayf.

Duwowis suwj chur trif cuar chinhs phur, neenf kinh tees Hanf Quoocs ddax tawng truwowngr manhj mex trowr laij. Ddieeuf khooi haif laf Quyx tieenf teej quoocs tees ddax heets lowif ca ngowij Hanf Quoocs nhuw mootj truwowngf howpj ddieenr hinhf dduwowcj hoj hoox trowj. Nawm 2003, Thailand ddax hoanf trar soos nowj 12 tyr USD truwowcs thowif hanj Sau khi thoats khoir nanh vuoots cuar Quyx tieenf teej quoocs tees thur tuwongs Thailand Thaksin ddax tuwj tin dduwngs truwowcs quoocs kyf maf theef rawngf, nuwowcs Thailand “vinhx vieenx khoong trowr laij lamf con mooif cho tuw banr quoocs tees”, quyeets sex khoong bao giowf caauf xin suwj “vieenj trowj” cuar Quyx tieenf teej quoocs tees. Thaamj chis chinhs phur Thailand conf ngaamf khuyeens khichs cacs coong ty Thailand tuwf choois hoanf trar cacs khoanr nowj cuar cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf quoocs tees vaf rooif, thangs 9 nawm 2006, cuoocj ddaor chinhs quaan suwj ddax noor ra owr Thailand, Thaksin bij laatj ddoor vaf chiuj kieeps luwu vong owr nuwowcs ngoaif.

8. Nguj ngoon tuwonwg lai Trung QuoocsCoong daan Mahathir timf ddeens Alan Greenspan baos ans, nois ddoof trong nhaf bij troomj vaf teen troomj nayf cos theer laf Soros. Alan Greenspan cuwowif khaf khaf vaf nois: “Cungx khoong theer chir trachs ker troomj, maf phair timf nguyeen nhaan owr chinhs minhf. Ai baor khoas nhaf cacs anh deex caayj lamf chi?” Coong daan Mahathir baats manx hoir: “Thees teen troomj kia cos ddeens awn troomj Trung Quoocs vaf Aans Ddooj khoong?” Alan Greenspan phans rawngf: “Tuwowngf nhaf Trung Quoocs vaf Aans Ddooj cao quas, Soros leo vaof leo ra khoong tieenj, neeus chawngr may ngax xuoongs xayr ra ans mangj, hoas ra khoong phair laf chuyeenj cuar tooi sao?” Teen troomj Soros dduwngs been canhj sau khi nghe xong thif cuwowif nhatj: “Chir caanf khoets maays cais loox treen tuwowgnf cuar hoj thif khoong phair laf vaans ddeef ddax dduwowcj giair quyeets rooif sao?”Alang Greenspan vooi nhinf quanh tuws phias, nois nhor rawngf: “Ddax phais Paulson ddi Trung Quoocs rooif, nghe nois cuoois nawm 2006 thif cos theer khoets xong maays cais hang to ddaays”.

Teen troom Soros nghe xong howns howr voo cungf, mocs ddieenj thoaij di ddoongj ra nhawns tin ngay cho ddoongf bonj, “Daan ngoocs, tieenf nhieeu, ddeens Trung Quoocs mau”.

Phaanf IXHIEEMR HOAJ CUAR DDOONGF DOLLAR MYX VAF TAAMF QUAN TRONG CUAR VANGF

Neeus moij khoanr nowj ngaan hangf ddeeuf dduwowcj hoanf trar thif tieets kieemj ngaan hangf sex khoong toonf taij nuwax vaf toanf booj dongf tieenf sex canj kieetj. Mootj ys nghix thaatj laf khungr khieeps. Chungs ta (Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx) hoanf toanf duwaj vaof ngaan hangf thuwowng maij. Mooix mootj ddoongf dollar cuar chungs ta luwu thoong, baats luaanj laf hieenj kim hay tins dungj, ddeeuf caanf phair cos nguwowif vay mowis cos theer dduwowcj taoj ra vaf luwu thoong. Neeus nhuw ngaan hangf thuwowng maij cos ddur nguoonf tieenf teej thif neenf kinh tees cuar chungs ta sex trowr neen phoonf vinh; nguwowcj laij, chungs ta sex rowi vaof suy thoais. Chungs ta tuyeetj ddoois khoong cos mootj heej thoongs tieenf teej cungx nhuw suwj giups ddowx voo tuw ddeens khos tin cuar Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx – chungs ta sex thaays rawngf tieenf teej laf vaans ddeef caanf phair dduwowcj ddieeuf tra vaf suy nghix, vaf taamf quan trongj cuar nos nawmf owr choox: truwf khi nguwowif daan hieeur dduwowcj mootj cachs saau roongj heej thoongs tieenf teej nayf vaf aps dungj cacs bieenj phaps nhawmf chi phoois nos, neeus khoong, suwj vawn minh hieenj taij cuar chungs ta cungx sex tieeu vong (1) (Irving Fisher, 100% tieenf teej (100% Money) - Pickering & Chatto Ltd; 11/1996).

Robert Hamfeir, Giams ddoocs Ngaan hangf Attalanta, Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx. Neeus cawn cuws theo banr chaats thif tieenf teej cos theer dduwowcj chia ra thanh hai loaij cow banr laf tieenf vay muwownj vaf phi vay muwownj. Tieenf vay muwownj chinhs laf heej thoongs tieenf teej phaps ddinhj ddang luwu thoong chur yeeus cuar cacs quoocs gia phats trieenr hieenj nay, thanhf phaanf chur yeeus cuar nos bao goomf cacs khoanr vay muwownj (tieenf teej hoas” cuar chinhs phur, cacs coong ty cungx nhuw tuw nhaan. Ddoongf USD chinhs laf mootj truwowngf howpj ddieenr hinhf nhaats trong soos cacs ddoongf tieenf vay muwownj. Nos dduwowcj taoj ra cungf lucs vowis quas trinhf sinh ra nowj nhuwng cungx ddoongf thowif bij trieetj tieeu khi nowj dduwowcj hoanf trar. Mooix mootj ddoongf USD trong luwu thoong ddeeuf cos gias trij nhuw mootj hoas ddown ghi nowj vaf mooix hoas ddown ghi nowj nhuw vaayj ddeeuf sinh ra laix hangf ngayf vaf khoong nguwngf tawng leen theo kieeur laix mej dder laix con. Vaayj nhuwngx khoanr thu nhaapj laix suaats khoongr loof nayf thuoocj veef ai? Caau trar lowif laf: thuoocj veef heej thoongs ngaan hangf ddax taoj ra ddoongf USD. Lowij tucs cuar ddoongf dollar vay muwownj laf phaanf nawmf ngoaif toongr luwowngj tieenf teej voons cos, vaf taats nhieen, nguoonf lowij tuwcs nayf ddoif hoir ddoongf dollar vay muwownj mowis phair dduwowcj taoj ra been canhj toongr luwowngj tieenf teej hieenj cos, hay nois cachs khacs, nguwowif daan vay tieenf cangf nhieeuf thif nguoonf tieenf cho vay sex cangf tawng. Vieecj vay muwownj tieenf bacj gawns chawtj vowis nhau maf keets quar logic taats yeeus nayf chinhs laf tieenf cho vay maix maix tawng leen, cho ddeens khi aps luwcj laix suaats cuar mons nowj aays vuwowtj quas suwj phats trieenr cuar neenf kinh tees vaf daanx ddeens suwj supj ddoor cuar toanf booj heej thoongs. Tieenf teej hoas dichj vuj vay muwownj laf mootj trong nhuwngx nhaan toos gaay baats oonr nghieem trongj nhaats trong neenf kinh tees hieenj ddaij vaf nos thoong qua duwj chi tuwowng lai ddeer thoar manx nhu caauf hieenj taij. Caau nois cuar nguwowif Trung Quoocs xuwa ddaij loaij “thu khoong buf chi” chinhs laf muoons ddeef caapj ddeens ys nayf.

Mootj loaij tieenf teej khacs, ddos chinhs laf tieenf teej phi vay nowj maf vangf bacj laf ddaij dieenj. Loaij tieenf teej nayf khoong caanf ddeens suwj huwas henj cuar baats cuws nguwowif naof, khoong phair laf mons nowj cuar baats cuws ai, vaf thuws maf nos ddaij dieenj chinhs laf thanhf quar lao ddoongj ddax hoanf thanhf cuar loaif nguwowif, laf thuws cos dduwowcj tuwf suwj tieens hoas tuwj nhieen trong thuwcj tieenx xax hooij keos daif hangf maays nghinf nawm cuar loaif nguwowif. Nos khoong caanf ddeens suwj cuwowngx chees cuar cuar baats cuws thees luwcj naof, cos theer vuwowtj qua moij thowif ddaij vaf ranh giowis quoocs gia vaf laf phuwowng phaps thanh toans cuoois cungf nhaats trong heej thoongs tieenf teej. Trong taats car cacs loaij tieenf teej, vangf bacj ddoongf nghiax vowis vieecj “sowr huwux thuwcj tees”, conf tieenf phaps ddinhj laij ddaij dieenj cho “phieeus nowj + suwj huwas henj”. Vaf hamf luwowngj vangf cuar loaij tieenf nayf cos suwj khacs nhau veef banr chaats. Ddoongf nhaan daan teej cuar Trung Quoocs nawmf giuwax ranh giowis hai loaij tieenf nayf. Mawcj duf truwowcs mawt, trong heej thoongs ddoongf Nhaan daan teej vaanx toonf taij yeeus toos “dichj vuj vay muwownj hoas tieenf teej”, nhuwng neeus cawn cuws vaof chur theer cur ddoongf Nhaan daan teej thif nos vaanx theer hieenj ddur chaats vaf luwowngj cuar sanr phaamr vaf dichj vuj ddax hoanf thanhf trong quas khuws. Vieecj phats hanhf ddoongf Nhaan daan teej khoong hoanf toanf gioongs nhuw vieecj phats hanfh ddoongf USD (ddoongf dollar Myx caanf phair dungf nowj quoocs gia (coong trais) ddeer lamf thees chaaps). Do bowir Ngaan hangf trung uwowng luwu truwx phats hanhf cho neen ddoongf nhaan daan teej tranhs dduwowcj khar nawng cacs khoanr chi trar lowij tuwcs khoongr loof rowi vaof tuis tuw nhaan. Nhinf tuwf gocs ddooj nayf, thuoocj tinhs cuar ddoongf nhaan daan teej cos ver gaanf hown vowis vangf bacj. Ddoongf thowif, do khoong cos vangf bacj lamf choox duwaj nhuwng laij cos thuoocj tinhs cow banr cuar ddoongf tieenf phaps ddinhj, ddoongf nhaan daan teej caanf phair duwaj vaof suwj cuwowngx chees cuar chinhs phur mowis cos theer ddamr baor gias trij tieenf teej. Suwj hieeur bieets veef chees ddooj tieenf teej phaps ddinhj cuar phuwowng Taay, ddawcj bieetj laf banr chaats cuar ddoongf USD, laf

tieenf ddeef caanf thieets cho suwj cair cachs tuwowng lai cuar ddoongf Nhaan daan teej.

1. Heej thoongs duwj truwx cucj booj – Nowi khowir nguoonf cuar nanj lamj phats tieenf teej

Ngaan hangf (hieenj taij) voons dix laf khoong coong bawngf vaf chuwas dduwngj nhieeuf tooij acs. Cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf cos car trais ddaats. Hoj tuwowcs ddoatj taats car moij thuws cuar con nguwowif, chir ddeer laij cho hoj quyeenf tichs luyx vaf luwu giuwx tieenf teej. Nhuwng, neeus nhuw quyeenf tichs luyx vaf luwu giuwx tieenf teej laij bij tuwowcs ddoatj noots thif moij vaanj may cuar suwj giauf cos ddeeuf sex khoong toonf taij. Neeus khoong cos nhuwngx quyeenf nayf, thees giowis hanhj phucs vaf toots ddepj hown. Nhuwng neeus vaanx can taam tieeps tucj lamf noo leej cho cacs nhaf ngaan hangf vaf chaaps nhaanj chi trar nhuwngx khoanr phis cho suwj noo dichj cuar hoj thif cacs banj cuws vieecj tichs luyx vaf luwu giuwx tieenf bacj. J. Stamp – nguwowif giauf thuws hai nuwowcs Anh. Ban ddaauf, nhaf ngaan hangf chir thuaanf tuys cung caaps dichj vuj luwu giuwx vangf bacj cuar nguwowif guwir. Khi ddem vangf bacj giao cho ngaan hangf, nguwowif guwir dduwowcj phats mootj bieen lai chuaanr dduwowcj goij laf “tins phieeus ngaan hangf”. Nhuwngx towf tins phieeus nayf daanf daanf trowr thanhf coong cuj giao dichj trong xax hooij vaf dduwowcj goij laf tieenf teej. Theo ddos, ngaan hangf cos theer ddem “tins phieeus ngaan hangf” ddooir thanhf vangf baats cuws lucs naof. Nguoonf thu nhaapj chur yeeus cuar ngaan hangf chinhs laf “phis uyr thacs quanr lys” do nguwowif guwir chi trar. Daanf daanf, cacs nhaf ngaan hangf “thoong minh” nhaanj ra mootj ddieeuf rawngf, thoong thuwowngf cos raats its nguwowif guwir vangf yeeu caauf ddem “chuwngs chir ngaan hangf” ddooir thanhf vangf, vaf khi nhinf thaays vangf nawmf baats ddoongj trong kho nhuw vaayj, nhaf ngaan hangf khoong khoir camr thaays nguwas ngays, vaf caau hoir khieens cho hoj bawn khoawn laf lamf thees naof ddeer “ddanhs thuwcs” nguoonf voons ddang ngur yeen nayf? Theem vaof ddos, trong xax hooj luoon cos mootj soos nguwowif caanf suwr dungj tieenf, vaayj laf cacs ngaan hangf benf mowr dichj vuj cho

vay, nguwowif vay chir caanf trar laix suaats cho ngaan hangf ddungs hanj. Khi nguwowif vay tieenf ddeens ngaan hangf, cacs nhaf ngaan hangf ddax dungf nhieeuf bieenj phaps nhuw phats hanhf theem hoas ddown hay “tins phieeus ngaan hangf” ddeer kieems lowif. Chir caanf khoong phats hanhf theem quas nhieeuf “tins phieeus ngaan hangf”, ngaan hangf sex khoong taoj ra suwj hoaif nghi cuar nguwowif guwir. Kinh nghieemj cuar cacs ngaan hangf ddax cho thaays rawngf, neeus soos “chuwngs chir ngaan hangf” dduwowcj phats hanhf theem gaaps 10 laanf thif ngaan hangf sex an toanf. Do muwcs laix suaats tuwf vieecj cho vay nayf dduwowcj coi laf thuws tieenf cuar baats ngowf khoong duwng maf cos, cangf nhieeuf cangf toots neen cacs nhaf ngaan hangf bawts ddaauf hieenj dieenj khawps nowi ddeer looi keos khachs hangf ddeens guwir tieenf cho hoj, vaf ddeer thu huts nguwowif guwir, thay vif thu leej phis guwir vangf nhuw truwowcs ddaay, hoj bawts ddaauf chi trar laix suaats cho nguwowif guwir. Khi thuwcj hieenj dichj vuj cho vay vangf, treen thuwcj tees, cacs nhaf ngaan hangf ddax cung caaps cho cacs khachs hangf truwowcs ddaay cuar hoj hai loaij sanr phaamr khacs nhau hoanf toanf: loaij thuws nhaats laf dichj vuj “luwu guwir tieenf vangf’ thuaanf tuys, loaij thuws hai laf “ddaauf tuw tieets kieemj”. Suwj khacs bieetj veef banr chaats cuar hai loaij dichj vuj nayf nawmf owr quyeenf sowr huwux tieenf vangf. Trong tinhf huoongs thuws nhaats, khachs hangf cos quyeenf sowr huwux tuyeetj ddoois ddoois vowis luwowngj tieenf vangf ddang luwu guwir, nhaf ngaan hangf ddamr baor vowis khachs hangf rawngf hoj cos theer caamf bieen lai ddeens ddeer ruts tieenf ra baats cuws lucs naof hoj muoons. Conf owr truwowngf howpj thuws hai, khachs hangf tamj thowif maats quyeenf sowr huwux ddoois vowis luwowngj vangf ddax guwir vaof tieets kieemj, vaf nhaf ngaan hangf suwr dungj khoanr tieenf nayf ddeer quay vongf cho vay. Ngay sau khi ngaan hangf thu ddooir khoanr ddaauf tuw tuwf nguoonf vangf nayf, khachs hangf luwu guwir mowis cos theer khooi phucj laij quyeenf sowr huwux voons cos cuar minhf. Trong loaij hinhf dichj vuj thuws nhaats, “tins phieeus ngaan hangf” tuwowng uwngs laf duwj truwx toanf ngachj; conf trong loaij hinhf dichj vuj thuws hai, “tins phieeus ngaan hangf” tuwowng uwngs laf “giaays

nowj + suwj huwas henj”. Cacs tins phieeus ngaan hangf nayf dduwowcj phats hanhf vowis soos luwowngj nhieeuf hown luwowngj vangf thuwcj tees cuar ngaan hangf vaf ddos dduwowcj coi laf mootj hinhf thuwcs duwj truwx cucj booj. Ngay tuwf khi phats hanhf ra, loaij tins phieeus ngaan hangf theo kieeur “giaays nowj + suwj huwas henj” nhuw thees nayf luoon aanr chuwas nguy cow ruir ro ddoongf thowif deex gaay ra nanj lamj phats tieenf teej. Ddawcj tinhs nayf ddax cho thaays mootj ddieeuf rawngf, tins phieeus ngaan hangf nayf hoanf toanf khoong phuf howpj vowis vai trof giao dichj hangf hoas vaf dichj vuj trong xax hooij ddoongf thowif khoong theer hieenj dduwowcj chuwcs nawng thuwowcs ddo cow banr cuar hoatj ddoongj kinh tees. Mootj tinhs chaats ddawcj truwng cuar heej thoongs duwj truwx vangf cucj booj chinhs laf suwj mow hoof veef giowis hanj cuar hai loaij sanr phaamr vaf dichj vuj ngaan hangf. Cacs nhaf ngaan hangf ddax tieens hanhf “tieeu chuaanr hoas” trong vieecj thieets kees tins phieeus ngaan hangf, khieens cho nguwowif binhf thuwowngf raats khos phaan bieetj dduwowcj suwj khacs bieetj veef banr chaats cuar hai loaij chuwngs chir ngaan hangf nayf. Vif vaayj, hangf trawm nawm nay, cacs ngaan hangf Anglo-Saxons ddax bij lieen ddowis trong nhieeuf vuj kieenj tungj. Trong khi khachs hangf phaanx nooj phanr ddoois cacs nhaf ngaan hangf tuwj ys ddem vangf cuar hoj cho vay laix thif cacs nhaf ngan hangf laij tuyeen bos rawngf, hoj cos quyeenf suwr dungj soos tieenf cuar khachs hangf maf khoong phair giair thichs cho khachs hangf bieets mucj ddichs suwr dungj, mieenx sao khi ruts tieenf, khachs hangf khoong phair than phieenf gif. Mootj trong nhuwngx vuj ans nooir tieengs nhaats chinhs laf vuj Foley kieenj ngaan hangf Hill vaf phans quyeets cuar quan toaf dduwowcj theer hieenj nhuw sau: Khi dduwowcj guwir vaof ngaan hangf thif tieenf khoong conf thuoocj veef khachs hangf nuwax; lucs nayf tieenf ddax thuoocj veef ngaan hangf. Ngaan hangf cos nghiax vuj hoanf trar tieenf cho khachs hangf khi cos yeeu caauf. Vaf nhuw vaayj, ngaan hangf cos toanf quyeenf suwr dungj soos tieenf maf khoong cos nghias vuj phair trar lowif khachs hangf veef soos tieenf nayf cos nguy cow gif khoong; cos bij dungf vaof vieecj ddaauf cow gaay haij hay khoong. Ngaan hangf chir cos nghiax vuj baor quanr nguyeen venj soos tieenf cuar khachs hangf theo suwj rangf buoocj cuar

howpj ddoongf (2) (Murray N. Rothbard, Bis aanr cuar ngaan hangf (The Mistery of Banking) - E P. Dutton, 1983, tr. 61).Theo phaps luaatj, phans quyeets nayf cuar quan toaf nuwowcs Anh dduwowcj coi nhuw mootj buwowcs ngoawtj quan trongj trong lichj suwr tieenf teej theo ddos, tieenf bacj cuar khachs hangf guwir vaof ngaan hangf khoong conf dduwowcj luaatj phaps baor hooj. Ddieeuf nayf ddax xaam phamj quyeenf taif sanr cuar coong daan mootj cachs nghieem trongj. Sau vieecj nayf, ngaan hangf Anglo-Saxons hoanf toanf tuwf choois thuwaf nhaanj tinhs howpj phaps cuar dichj vuj “uyr thacs quanr lys tieenf guwir”, vaf vieecj duwj truwx toanf ngachj ddax maats ddi tinhs howpj phaps, moij khoanr tieenf guwir cuar daan chungs ddeeuf cos theer bij ngaan hangf suwr dungj vaof vieecj ddaauf tuw – mootj hinhf thuwcs ddaauf tuw maoj hieemr. Trong chieens dichj Waterloo nawm 1815, vif nawms dduwowcj keets cucj baij traanj sowms hown 24 giowf so vowis cow quan tinhf baos Anh neen dongf hoj Rothschild ddax kieemr soats dduwowcj thij truwowngf coong trais Anh quoocs, khoongs chees luoon quyeenf phats hanhf tieenf teej cuar ddees quoocs Anh. Sau ddos khoong laau, gia toocj nayf laij tieeps tucj khoongs chees vieecj phats hanhf tieenf teej cuar cacs quoocs gia khacs nhuw Phaps, Aos, Phoor, Ys ddeer tuwf ddos nawms giuwx quyeenf ddinhj gias thij truwowngf thees giowis trong suoots gaanf 200 nawm. Mangj luwowis ngaan hangf do Rothschild, Schiff, Warburg vaf cacs nhaf ngaan hangf nguwowif Do Thais xaay duwngj taij cacs quoocs gia treen thuwcj tees ddax taoj neen heej thoongs tieenf teej quoocs tees vaf trung taam thanh toans thees giowis sowms nhaats trong lichj suwr. Chir bawngf cachs ra nhaapj vaof mangj luwowis kees toans cuar hoj thif cacs ngaan hangf khacs mowis cos theer luwu hanhf ngaan phieeus xuyeen quoocs gia. Tuwngf buwowcs mootj, cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf ddax hinhf thanhf neen mootj cartel (taapj ddoanf lungx ddoanj) trong linhx vuwcj taif chinhs ngaan hangf. Cacs nguyeen tawcs do hoj ddawtj ra ddax trowr thanhf “thoong leej quoocs tees” cuar nganhf taif chinhs thees giowis hieenj nay. Cartel laf luwcj luwowngj thucs ddaayr quan torngj nhaats cuar heej thoongs duwj truwx cucj booj, ddoongf thowif cungx laf ddown vij dduwowcj huwowngr lowij nhieeuf nhaats. Trong khi ddatj ddeens quy

moo tuwowng ddoois, luwcj luwowngj nayf taats yeeus phair ungr hooj, thaamj chis laf truwcj tieeps thieets laapj neen nhuwngx quy tawcs chinhs trij cungx nhuw quy tawcs luaatj phaps nhawmf ddamr baor quyeenf lowij cuar minhf. Nawm 1913, mootj phieen banr cuar heej thoongs duwj truwx cucj booj ddax dduwowcj taoj duwngj thanhf coong taij Myx – Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang (FED). Nhuw vaayj, ddoongf tieenf cuar heej thoongs duwj truwx toanf ngachj ddax daanf daanf bij “tieenf xaaus” (khoong dduwowcj ddamr baor bawngf vangf) chi phoois vaf loaij bor ra khoir cuoocj canhj tranh. Tieenf giaays bacj vaf tieenf giaays vangf do chinhs phur Myx phats hanhf thowif ddos dduwowcj xem laf thuws may mawns conf toonf taij dduwowcj cuar heej thoongs duwj truwx toanf ngachj dduwowcj chinhs phur ddamr baor bawngf vangf bacj thaatj. Mootj ounce vangf bacj cos gias trij tuwowng dduwowng vowis soos tieenf giaays ddoois uwngs. Cho duf moij khoanr nowj voons cos cuar heej thoongs ngaan hangf cos bij hoanf trar heets thif treen thij truwowngf vaanx luwu thoong ddoongf dollar vangf bacj, vaf kinh tees vaanx cos theer phats trieenr binhf thuwowngf gioongs nhuw truwowcs khi Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx dduwowcj thanhf laapj vaof nawm 1913. Tuwf nawm 1913 ddeens nay, ddoongf dollar “xaaus” treen thij truwowngf cuar Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx ddax daanf daanf loaij bor ddoongf dollar “toots” (dduwowcj baor ddamr bawngf vangf) cuar heej thoongs duwj truwx toanf ngachj. Vif muoons taoj ra mootj chees ddooj duwj truwx cucj booj nhawmf lungx ddoanj thees giowis taif chinhs hieenj hanhf ddoongf thowif haats cawngr chinhs phur ra khoir linhx vuwcj phats hanhf tieenf teej, cacs nhaf ngaan hangf quoocs tees ddax huy ddoongj moij kyx nawng cos theer, ddeer rooif cuoois cungf ddax loaij bor thanhf coong ddoongf dollar bacj vaof thaapj nieen 60 cuar thees kyr 20, ddoongf thowif cawts dduwts moois lieen heej cuoois cungf giuwax vangf vaf ddoongf dollar vaof nawm 1971. Tuwf ddaay, chees ddooj duwj truwx cucj booj ddax hoanf thanhf suws meenhj lungx ddoanj cuar minhf.

2. Ddoongf dollar vay muwownj dduwowcj “bieens hoas” nhuw thees naof?

Ngaan hangf New York cuar Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx mieeu tar ddoongf dollar nhuw thees nayf, “ddoongf dollar khooong theer hoans

ddooir thanhf vangf hay baats cuws taif sanr naof khacs cuar Booj taif chinhs. Nos khoong mang ys nghiax thuwcj tees maf chir cos tacs dungj ghi nowj Ngaan hangf chir taoj ra tieenf teej khi dduwowcj nguwowif ddi vay cam keets hoanf trar khoanr vay cuar ngaan hangf. Ngaan hangf thoong qua “tieenf teej hoas” cacs khoanr nowj thuwowng maij vaf tuw nhaan ddeer taoj ra “tieenf teej”. Suwj giair thichs cuar ngaan hangf Chicago thuoocj Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx laf: “Owr Myx, baats luaanj laf tieenf giaays hay laf taif khoanr ngaan hangf ddeeuf khoong cos ddur gias trij nooij taij nhuw mootj hangf hoas. Ddoongf USD chawngr qua chir laf mootj towf giaays. Conf taif khoanr ngaan hangf cungx chir laf nhuwngx con soos uwowcs luwowngj ghi treen giaays. Tieenf kim loaij tuy cos mootj gias trij nooij taij nhaats ddinhj, nhuwng laij thuwowngf thaaps hown nhieeuf so vowis meenhj gias cuar chungs. Vaayj roots cuoocj, ddieeuf gif ddax khieens cho nhuwngx coong cuj tieenf teej nhuw ngaan phieeus, tieenf giaays, tieenf dducs kim loaij dduwowcj nguwowif ta tieeps nhaanj theo ddungs meenhj gias cuar chungs trong vieecj hoanf nowj cungx nhuw cacs coong dungj thanh toans khacs? Caau trar lowif laf longf tin cuar con nguwowif. Nguwowif ta tin rawngf baats cuws lucs naof, hoj cos theer dungf nhuwngx loaij tieenf teej nayf ddeer hoans ddooir thanhf taif sanr khacs. Mootj phaanf nguyeen do trong vaans ddeef nayf laf chinhs phur ddax suwr dungj phaps luaatj ddeer ban hanhf cacs quy ddinhj neencacs loaij tieenf phaps ddinhj bawts buoocj dduwowcj tieeps nhaanj” (3) (Cow hocj tieenf teej hieenj ddaij (Modern Money Mechamcs), Ngaan hangf duwj truwx lien bang Chicago).Nois cachs khacs, vieecj tieenf teej hoas dichj vuj cho vay ddax taoj ra ddoongf dollar, conf meenhj gias cuar ddoongf dollar laij phair do mootj ngoaij luwcj tacs ddoongj cuwowngx chees. Vaayj lamf thees naof maf dichj vuj cho vay nowj laij bieens thanhf dollar dduwowcj? Neeus muoons hieeur rox quas trinhf nayf, chungs ta caanf dungf ddeens kinhs hieenr vi ddeer quan sats tir mir cow chees vaanj hanhf cuar heej thoongs tieenf teej Myx. Cacs ddoocj giar cos chuyeen moon veef taif chinhs cos lex caanf phair ddocj kyx nooij dung duwowis ddaay mowis cos theer hieeur dduwowcj

quy trinhf taoj ra tieenf teej cuar Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx vaf heej thoongs ngaan hangf. Ddaay laf mootj bis maatj thuwowng maij quan trongj nhaats cuar nganhf taif chinhs phuwowng Taay. Do chinhs phur Myx khoong cos quyeenf phats hanhf tieenf teej maf chir cos quyeenf phats hanhf coong trais, sau ddos ddem coong trais noopj cho Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx vaf heej thoongs ngaan hangf thuwowng maij laf ngonj nguoonf cuar ddoongf USD nawmf owr coong trais. Buwowcs thuws nhaats, Quoocs hooij phee chuaanr quy moo phats hanhf coong trais, Booj taif chinhs sex thieets kees coong trais thanhf nhieeuf loaij khacs nhau, trong ddos loaij cos kyf hanj mootj nawm thif goij laf T-bills (Treasury Bill), loaij cos kyf hanj tuwf 2 ddeens 10 nawm thif goij laf % T-Notes, conf loaij cos kyf hanj 30 nawm goij laf T-bonds. Nhuwngx coong trais nayf cos muwcs laix suaats khacs nhau vowis thowif hanj khacs nhau, dduwowcj tieens hanhf phats maix coong khai treen thij truwowngf. Cuoois cungf, Booj taif chinhs dex ddem toanf booj soos coong trais khoong phats maix dduwowcj trong giao dichj chuyeenr qua Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang, vaf Cucj Duwuj truwx Lieen bang sex thu vaof toanf booj. Treen soor sachs cuar Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx, nhuwngx coong trais nayf sex dduwowcj ghi vaof mucj “Taif sanr chuwngs khoans” (Securities Asset). Do chinhs phur Myx dungf tieenf thu thuees trong tuwowng lai lamf thees chaaps coong trais neen coong trais cuar nuwowcs nayf coi laf “taif sanr ddangs tin caayj nhaats” treen thees giowis. Ngay sau khi thu dduwowcj khoanr taif sanr nayf, Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx cos theer suwr dungj nos ddeer taoj ra mootj dangj tieenf nowj (Liability) dduwowcj goij laf “chi phieeus Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx”. Ddaay laf buwowcs ddi quan trongj trong quas trinhf “bieens khoong thanhf cos”. Tuy nhieen, loaij chi phieeus nayf cuar Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang chawngr cos baats cuws loaij tieenf naof cos theer ddamr baor. Ddos laf mootj buwowcs dduwowcj thieets kees heets suwcs tinh vi duwowis dangj nguyj trang kheos leos. Suwj toonf taij cuar loaij chi phieeus nayf khieens cho chinhs phur cangf deex khoongs chees cans caan cung caauf khi phats maix coong trais. Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx thu laix tuwf khoanr tieenf cho chinhs phur vay, conf chinhs phur

thif nhaanj tieenf mootj cachs howpj phaps maf khoong ddeer looj ra daaus veets trong vieecj aans hanhf mootj luwowngj lowns tieenf giaays. Rox rangf, Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx ddax tay khoong maf bawts dduwowcj giawcj, moij con soos trong soor sachs kees toans hoanf toanf caan ddoois, taif sanr coong trais caan bawngf vowis soos nowj. Toanf booj heej thoongs ngaan hangf dduwowc bao bocj mootj cachs kheos leos trong lowps vor nguyj trang nayf. Chinhs buwowcs ddi ddown gianr maf toois quan trongj nayf ddax taoj neen suwj maats coong bawngf lowns nhaats treen thees giowis. Soos tieenf ddongs thuees trong tuwowng lai cuar nguwowif daan ddax dduwowcj chinhs phur thees chaaps cho ngaan hangf tuw nhaan vowis mucj ddichs vay dollar. Vaf cungx bowir vay ngaan hangf tuw nhaan, neen chinhs phur phair chiuj mootj muwcs laix suaats lowns. Suwj baats coong aays theer hieenj owr choox: Thuws nhaats, khoong neen ddem khoanr tieenf ddongs thuees trong tuwowng lai cuar nguwowif daan ddi thees chaaps, bowir khoanr tieenf ddos vaanx conf chuwa dduwowcj kieems ra trong thuwcj tees. Ddieeuf ddos cungx cos nghiax rawngf, vieecj thees chaaps car tuwowng lai taats yeeus sex khieens cho suwcs mua cuar tieenf teej trowr neen giamr gias trij, tuwf ddos phuwowng haij ddeens vaansddeef tichs luyx cuar nguwowif daan. Thuws hai, thuees thu dduwowcj trong tuwowng lai cuar daan cangf khoong neen thees chaaps cho ngaan hangf trung uwowng tuw huwux. Vieecj cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf haauf nhuw khoong theer bor tieenf ra maf boongx duwng laij dduwowcj huwas henj baor ddamr rawngf tieenf noopj thuees trong tuwowng lai cuar nguwowif daan quar laf mootj chieens thuaatj “tay khoong bawts giawcj” ddieenr hinhf. Thuws ba, vif mawcs nowj ngaan hangf vowis khoanr lowij tuwcs khoongr loof neen chinhs phur buoocj phair duwaj vaof nguoonf ddongs thuees cuar nguwowif daan. Nhuw vaayj, ddieeuf nayf cuoois cungf laij trowr thanhf ganhs nawngj cuar nguwowif daan. Nguwowif daan khoong chir bij thees chaaps tuwowng lai cuar minhf mootj cachs voo thuwcs maf conf phair ddongs thuees thaatj nhanh ddeer chinhs phur conf cos tieenf trar laix cho ngaan hangf trung uwowng tuw huwux. Luwowngj phats hanhf ddoongf USD cangf lowns thif moij thuws thues mas cangf ddef nawngj

leen vai nguwowif daan, vaf cais vongf luaanr quaanr aays cuws toonf taij ddowif ddowif kieeps kieeps. Buwowcs thuws hai, ngay sau khi chinhs phur lieen bang nhaanj dduwowcj “chi phieeus cuar Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx” cungf vowis chuwx kys vaf con daaus ddongs phias sau, taams chi phieeus thaanf kyf nayf laij dduwowcj guwir vaof ngaan hangf cuar Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx vaf bieens thanhf khoanr “tieets kieemj chinhs phur” (Governmen Deppsits) vaf hieenj dieenj treen taif khoanr cuar chinhs phur owr Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx.Buwowcs thuws ba, ngay sau khi chinhs phur bawts ddaauf tieeu tieenf, cacs chi phieeus chinhs phur sex taoj neen ddowtj songs tieenf teej thuws nhaats voox vaof neenf kinh tees. Cacs coong ty vaf cacs cas nhaan nhaanj nhuwngx chi phieeus nayf sex ddua nhau ddem guwir chungs vaof taif khoanr cuar hoj taij ngaan hangf thuwowng maij vaf soos phieeus ddos sex trowr thanhf khoanr tieets kieemj ngaan hangf thuwowng maij (Commercial Bank Deposits). Lucs nayf, chungs theer hieenj vai trof keps cuar minhf. Mootj mawtj, chungs laf tieenf kys guwir vaof ngaan hangf, vaf bowir vif nhuwngx khoanr tieenf nayf thuoocj quyeenf sowr huwux cuar nguwowif guwir neen sowms muoonj cungx phair trar laij cho hoj. Nhuwng mawtj khacs, nhuwngx chi phieeus nayf laij caaus thanhf “voons” cuar ngaan hangf neen ngaan hangf cos theer suwr dungj ddeer cho vay. Taats car nhuwngx thuws treen soor sachs kees toans ddeeuf vaanx caan bawngf. Thees nhuwng, ngaan hangf thuwowng maij laij duwaj vaof coong cuj huwux hieeuj laf nguoonf duwj truwx cucj booj ddeer bawts ddaauf coong vieecj “sangs taoj” ra tieenf teej. Buwowcs thuws tuw, treen soor sachs cuar ngaan hangf, tieenf tieets kieemj taij ngaan hangf thuwowng maij dduwowcj tais phaan loaij thanhf “duwj truwx ngaan hangf” (Bank Reserves). Lucs nayf, tuwf taif sanr thoong thuwowngf cuar ngaan hangf, loaij tieets kieemj nayf ddax trowr thanhf nguoonf tieenf duwj truwx cos khar nawng taoj ra ddoongf tieenf mowis. Theo heej thoongs duwj truwx cucj booj, Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx cho pheps ngaan hangf thuwowng maij dduwowcj trichs 10% tieenf kys guwir lamf Quyx duwj truwx (thoong thuwowngf, ngaan hangf Myx chir giuwx laij mootj khoanr hieenj kim tuwowng dduwowng 1-2% toongr soos tieenf kys guwir, mootj khoanr ngaan phieeus tuwowng

dduwowng 8-9 % toongr kim ngachj tieets kieemj trong kho tieenf teej cuar minhf ddeer lamf Quyx duwj truwx vaf cho vay 90 % khoanr tieets kieemj conf laij). Nhuw vaayj, 90% khoanr tieets kieemj nayf sex dduwowcj cacs ngaan hangf suwr dungj ddeer phats hanhf tins dungj. Tuy nhieen, cos mootj vaans ddeef phats sinh laf, ngay sau khi 90% soos tieenf kys guwir nayf dduwowcj suwr dungj ddeer cho nguwowif khacs vay, neeus nguwowif guwir muoons ruts tieenf thif phair lamf thees naof? Thuwcj ra, khi vieecj cho vay xayr ra, soos tieenf cho vay khoong conf laf nhuwngx khoanr tieenf guwir ban ddaauf maf ddax trowr thanhf mootj khoanr tieenf mowis dduwowcj sinh ra tuwf quas trinhf “bieens khoong thanhf cos”. Soos tieenf mowis nayf khieens cho toongr soos tieenf maf ngaan hangf nawms giuwx laapj tuwcs tawng leen 90% so vowis tieenf cux. Ddieeuf khacs bieetj so vowis tieenf cux nawm owr choox, tieenf mowis cos theer ddem laij nguoonf lowij tuwcs cho ngaan hangf. Ddaay chinhs laf lanf songs tieenf teej thuws hai xoo vaof neenf kinh tees. Sau khi lanf songs tieenf teej thuws hai keos nguwowcj veef ngaan hangf thuwowng maij thif tieenf mowis laij sinh ra nhieeuf ddowtj songs tieeps sau nuwax vowis hanj ngachj giamr daanf. Ngay khi ddowtj songs thuws hai muwowi maays keets thucs, duwowis suwj vaanj hanhf nhipj nhangf cuar Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx vaf ngaan hangf thuwowng maij, cuws mootj dollar coong trais cos theer taoj ra muwowif USD trong luwu thoong. Neeus luwowngj phats hanhf coong trais cungx nhuw luwowngj tieenf dduwowcj tawng theem tuwf cacs ddowtj songs tieenf teej vuwowtj quas nhu caauf tawng truwowngr kinh tees thif suwcs mua cuar ddoongf tieenf cux sex giamr xuoongs vaf ddaay chinhs laf nguyeen nhaan cow banr taoj ra tai nanj lamj phats tieenf teej. Tuwf nawm 2001 ddeens 2006, khi Myx phats hanhf theem 3.000 tyr USD coong trais, mootj phaanf tuwowng ddoois lowns trong ddos dduwowcj truwcj tieeps luwu thoong. Theem vaof ddos, vieecj chinhs phur thu hooif vaf chi trar lowij tuwcs coong trais cuar nhieeuf nawm truwowcs ddax khieens cho ddoongf dollar sutj gias thamr haij, trong khi gias nhieeuf loaij nhu yeeus phaamr, baats ddoongj sanr, daauf luwar, giaos ducj, ys tees, baor hieemr laij luoon tawng leen.

Tuy nhieen, ddaij dda soos coong trais phats hanhf theem hoanf toanf khoong dduwowcj truwcj tieeps nhaapj vaof heej thoongs ngaan hangf maf dduwowcj cacs ngaan hangf trung uwowng nuwowcs ngoaif, cacs toor chuwcs phi chinhs phur cuar Myx hoawcj cacs cas nhaan dduwa vaof. Trong tinhf huoongs nayf, do nguwowif mua trar bawngf ddoongf dollar thuwcj cuar minhf neen dollar mowis hoanf toanf khoong dduwowcj taoj ra. Chir khi naof Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang vaf booj mays ngaan hangf cuar Myx mua coong trais thif ddoongf dollar mowis dduwowcj sanr sinh ra. Ddaay chinhs laf nguyeen nhaan ddeer nuwowcs Myx cos theer tamj thowif khoongs chees nanj lamj phats tieenf teej. Nhuwng soos coong trais dduwowcj nawms giuwx bowir cacs ngaan hangf nuwowcs ngoaif sowms muoonj gif cungx ddeens lucs ddaos hanj. Theem vaof ddos, laix suaats cungx caanf phair dduwowcj hoanf trar nuwar nawm mootj kyf (coong trais kyf hanj 30 nawm). Lucs nayf, Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx sex phair taoj ra ddoongf dollar mowis mootj bachs baats khar khangs. Xets veef banr chaats, chees ddooj duwj truwx vangf cucj booj keets howpj vowis heej thoongs tieenf teej vay muwownj chinhs laf thur phamj cuar nanj lamj phats tieenf teej daif hanj. Duwowis chees ddooj banr vij vangf, keets quar taats yeeus laf luwowngj phats hanhf chuwngs chir ngaan hangf daanf daanf vuwowtj quas luwowngj duwj truwx vangf vaf khieens cho banr vij vangf taats nhieeu phair giair theer. Trong khuoon khoor hieepj uwowcs Bretton Woods, khar nawng supj ddoor cuar heej thoongs hoois ddoais vangf laf hoanf toanf cos theer. Conf owr chees ddooj tieenf teej phaps ddinhj thuaanf tuys, khoong theer tranhs khoir nanj lamj phats acs tinhs, cuoois cungf sex daanx ddeens suy thoais nghieem trongj treen phamj vi toanf thees giowis. Duwowis suwj chi phoois cuar nguoonf tieenf teej vay muwownj, nuwowcs Myx sex maix maix khoong theer hoanf trar heets nowj quoocs gia, nowj coong ty vaf nowj tuw nhaan, bowir vif ngayf nuwowcs Myx hoanf trar heets nowj cungx chinhs laf ngayf ddoongf dollar bieens maats. Toongr nowj cuar Myx chawngr nhuwngx sex khoong giamr xuoongs maf conf sex gioongs nhuw “hieeuj uwngs tuyeets lawn”, toongr luwowngj nowj cuar Myx sex khoong nguwngf tawng leen theo nhu caauf

tawng truwowngr tuwj nhieen cuar neenf kinh tees, ddoongf thowif toocs ddooj tawng nowj cungx dieenx ra ngayf mootj nhanh hown.

3. Coong nowj cuar Myx vaf towf “hoas ddown tamj” cuar nguwowif daan chaau As

Vaof thaapj nieen 80 cuar thees kyr 20, Myx ddax phats hanhf mootj soos luwowngj lowns coong trais vowis laix suaats voo cungf cao. Luwowngj coong trais nayf cos suwcs haaps daanx raats lowns ddoois vowis cacs nhaf ddaauf tuw tuw nhaan cungx nhuw cacs toor chuwcs phi taif chinhs. Cacs nhaf ngaan hangf trung uwowng nuwowcs ngoaif cungx nhaan cow hooij nayf nhayr vaof. Trong quas trinhf tais suwr dungj, dongf dollar hieenj cos nayf sex taoj ra mootj soos ddoongf tieenf mowis. Ddeens thaapj nieen 90, do haj gucj dduwowcj mootj soos loaij tieenf teej canhj tranh chur yeeus treen thees giowis neen coong trais tieenf teej cuar cacs nuwowcs thuoocj thees giowis thuws ba ddang ngayf cangf trowr neen maats gias. Nuwowcs Myx ddax cos nhuwngx ngayf thangs hoangf kim vowis muwcs tawng truwowngr cao vaf nanj lamj phats haauf nhuw raats thaaps. Tuwf nawm 2001 ddeens nay, do ngaan sachs cho cuoocj chieens choongs khungr boos tawng manhj vaf cacs loaij coong trais kyf hanj dduwowcj phats hanhf vowis soos luwowngj lowns tuwf thaapj nieen 80 lieen tieeps ddaos hanj cungx nhuw vieecj chi trar laix suaats ngayf cangf lowns neen Myx phair phats hanhf nhieeuf coong trais hown nuwax ddeer thay thees cho luwowngj coong trais cux. Tuwf nawm 1913 ddeens nawm 2001, trong vongf 87 nawm, Myx ddax phats hanhf luwowngj coong trais trij gias khoangr 6.000 tyr dollar. Conf tuwf nawm 2001 ddeens nawm 2006, trong thowif gian hown 5 nawm ngawns nguir, Myx ddax phats hanhf theem mootj luwowngj coong trais trij gias gaanf 3.000 tyr dollar. Toongr luwowngj coong trais cuar Myx ddax leen ddeens 8600 tyr dollar, tawng 2,55 tyr USD mooix ngayf. Tieenf chi trar laix suaats coong trais cuar chinhs phur chieems vij tris thuws ba trong ngaan sachs chi tieeu cuar chinhs phur, chir xeeps sau chi phis y tees vaf quoocs phongf, mooix nawm trar laix gaanf 400 tyr dollar, chieems 17% toongr thu nhaapj taif chinhs cuar nuwowcs nayf.

Tuwf nawm 1982 ddeens nawm 1992, toocs ddooj phats hanhf tieenf teej cuar Myx binhf quaan tawng theem 8%. Nhuwng tuwf nawm 1992 ddeens nawm 2002, toocs ddooj phats hanhf ddax ddatj muwcs 12%. Bawts ddaauf tuwf nawm 2002, do nhu caauf chi tieeu cho cuoocj chieens choongs khungr boos vaf kichs thichs neenf kinh tees ddang ngaaps nghes suy thoais, trong tinhf hinhf laix suaats sau chieens tranh gaanf nhuw owr muwcs thaaps nhaats, toocs ddooj phats hanhf theem cuar ddoongf USD ddatj muwcs 15%. Thuwcj ra, neeus nhinf vaof bieeur ddoof coong trais Myx thif taats car thif taats car nhuwngx ddieeuf nayf ddeeuf laf taats yeeus. Trong lichj suwr loaif nguwowif vaanx chuwa cos mootj quoocs gia naof maf muwcs duwj chi tuwowng lai laij vuwowtj giowis hanj cho pheps mootj cachs nghieem trongj nhuw vaayj. Myx khoong nhuwngx ddax chi tieeu taif sanr cuar nguwowif daan nuwowcs minhf maf conf chi tieeu taif sanr tuwowng lai cuar nguwowif daan cacs nuwowcs khacs. Baats cuws mootj nguwowif naof cos hieeur bieets veef ddaauf tuw coor phieeus

ddeeuf cos theer nhaanj ra rawngf, dduwowngf cong cuar bieeur ddoof nayf cuoois cungf sex daanx ddeens tinhf trangj gif. Keer tuwf sau suwj kieenj 11 thangs 9 nawm 2001, ddeer cuwus vanx thij truwowngf coor phieeus vaf thij truwowngf coong trais, Alan Greenspan ddax giamr laix suaats ddoongf dollar tuwf 6% xuoongs conf 1% baats chaaps haauj quar cuar nos gaay ra, khieens cho ddoongf USD traanf ngaapj treen toanf thees giowis. Vaf cuoois cungf thif moij nguwowif cungx hieeur ra rawngf, ddoongf USD chawngr qua chir laf towf giaays cos in hoa vawn mauf xanh. Nhuwngx nguwowif nawms giuwx ddoongf USD treen toanf thees giowis haauf nhuw doocs voons vaof cacs loaij taif sanr quys nhuw baats ddoongj sanr, daauf mor, bacj hay hangf hoas chur luwcj. Mootj nhaf ddaauf tuw nguwowif Phaps nois: “Nguwowif New York cos theer phats hanhf tieenf giaays dollar, nhuwng chir cos Chuas mowis cos theer phats hanhf dduwowcj daauf mor vaf vangf”. Haauj quar laf, gias daauf thoo tawng tuwf 22 USD/ thungf leen 60 USD/ thungf, gias vangf, bacj, bachj kim, niken, ddoongf, kemx, chif, ddaauj tuwowng, dduwowngf, caf phee, ca cao ddeeuf tawng tuwf 120% ddeens 300% so vowis gias cuar nawm 2002. Nhuwng cacs nhaf kinh tees hocj vaanx phats bieeur chawcs nichj rawngf, tyr leej lamj phats tieenf teej chir dao ddoongj owr muwcs 1% - 2%. Khi ddeef caapj ddeens vaans ddeef nayf, cos lex moij nguwowif sex nhows ddeens caau nois cuar Mark Owen rawngf: treen thees giowis cos ba kieeur nois doois: nhuwngx lowif nois dooi, nhuwngx lowif nois doois ddangs cheets vaf nhuwngx con soos thoongs kee.Ddieeuf khieens cho nguwowif ta baats an vaf toongr nowj cuar nuwowcs Myx ddax leen ddeens 44.000 tyr dollars. Nhuwngx khoanr nowj nayf bao goomf coong trais lieen bang, coong trais cuar cacs bang vaf coong trais chinhs phur cacs ddiaj phuwowng, nowj quoocs tees vaf cacs khoanr nowj tuw nhaan. Nhuwngx khoanr nowj nayf neeus tinhs binhf quaan thif mooix nguwowif daan Myx phair ganhs chiuj mootj khoanr nowj gaanf 150 nghinf USD, nhuw vaayj, mootj gia ddinhf goomf boons nguwowif phair ganhs mootj khoanr nowj gaanf 600 nghinf USD. Trong cacs khoanr nowj tuw nhaan, ddieeuf khieens nguwowif ta chus ys nhaats chinhs laf cacs khoanr cho vay mua nhaf vaf khoanr nowj tins dungj vowis nhuwngx con soos khoongr loof. Neeus nhuw tinhs theo laix suaats coos ddinhj laf

5% thif vowis 44.000 tyr dollars, mooix nawm nguwowif daan caanf phair chi trar mootj khoanr laix suaats leen ddeens 2.200 tyr dollars, gaanf nhuw tuwowng dduwowng vowis toongr thu nhaapj taif chinhs car nawm cuar chinhs phur lieen bang Myx. Gaanf 70% trong toanf booj cacs khoanr nowj dduwowcj taoj ra tuwf nawm 1990 trowr veef sau. Nuwowcs Myx hieenj taij ddax khoong theer phats ddoongj cuoocj chieens tranh laix suaats cao nhuw ddaauf thaapj nieen 80 ddeer bocs lootj cacs nuwowcs thuoocj thees giowis thuws ba, vif nuwowcs Myx cungx laf mootj con nowj thaam nieen vaf baats cuws chinhs sachs laix suaats cao naof cungx ddeeuf ddoongf nghiax vowis vaans ddeef tuwj sats kinh tees. Vieecj “tieenf teej hoas” cacs khoanr vay coongj theem vaans ddeef duwj truwx vangf cucj booj chinhs laf nhuwngx yeeus toos taoj ra booij chi taif sanr tuwowng lai cuar nguwowif daan Myx. Ddeens nawm 2006, toongr soos tieenf ddongs thuees thu nhaapj cas nhaan cuar 300 trieeuj nguwowif daan Myx chir luwu laij owr chinhs phur lieen bang trong mootj khoangr thowif gian ngawns rooif sau ddos laapj tuwcs dduwowcj chuyeenr toanf booj vaof ngaan hangf ddeer chi trar laix suaats cuar ddoongf dollar vay muwownj. Chinhs phur khoong dduwowcj pheps suwr dungj mootj ddoongf thuees naof cuar nguwowif daan. Ngaan sachs danhf cho giaos ducj owr ddiaj phuwowng chur yeeus duwaj vaof nguoonf thu thuees sanr xuaats taij ddiaj phuwowng ddos. Vieecj xaay duwngj vaf duy tu cacs con dduwowngf cao toocs treen toanf nuwowcs Myx dduwowcj laays tuwf nguoonf thuees daauf khis, conf chi phis chieens tranh ddoois ngoaij thif laays tuwf thuees doanh nghieepj do cacs coong ty Myx coongs napj. Nois cachs khacs, ba trawm trieeuj nguwowif daan Myx ddax bij cacs nhaf ngaan hangf “thu thuees gians tieeps” trong suoots maays chucj nawm maf vaanx tieeps tucj bij bocs lootj heets nawm nayf qua nawm khacs. Khoanr tichs luyx cuar nguwowif daan Myx laij bij cacs nhaf ngaan hangf rocs theem mootj lowps nuwax thoong qua vieecj “thu thuees toonf taij” vaf lamj phats tieenf teej daif hanj. Truwowcs heets, khoan hayx banf veef vieecj lieeuj con nowj owr Myx cos khar nawng hoanf trar heets cacs khoanr nowj choongf chaats hay khoong.

Vaans ddeef laf chinhs phur Myx khoong theer vaf cungx khoong nghix ddeens chuyeenj thanh toans heets coong nowj. Chinhs phur Myx luoon timf cachs ddeer phats hanhf theem coong trais mowis nhawmf ngaams ngaamf thay thees luwowngj coong trais cux vaf cais vongf tuaanf hoanf nayf cuws laapj ddi laapj laij maix. Ngaan hangf Philadenphia thuoocj Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx ddax chir ra rawngf, “Nhieeuf nhaf phaan tichs cho rawngf, coong trais laf thuws taif sanr heets suwcs huwux dungj, thaamj chis conf dduwowcj coi laf phucs aam cuar neenf kinh tees. Hoj cungx cho rawngf, khoong caanf giamr luwowngj coong trais xuoongs”. Neeus nhuw mootj cas nhaan cos theer duwaj vaof nhuwngx khoanr nowj vay ngayf cangf nhieeuf ddeer taoj ra mootj cuoocj soongs xa xir maf chawngr caanf phair hoanf trar nowj naanf thif cos lex chawngr conf vieecj naof duwowis gaamf trowif nayf laij toots hown thees. Ddieeuf nayf ddang dduwowcj vaf coor vux vaf phats huy owr Myx. Cacs nhaf kinh tees hocj cho rawngf, khoong cos suwj khacs bieetj naof veef banr chaats giuwax vieecj dungf nhuwngx khoanr nowj gia tawng khoong nguwngf ddeer huwowngr thuj “cuoocj soongs thieen dduwowngf” vaf vieecj toor chuwcs in aans nhieeuf tieenf giaays hown ddeer cos theer cos dduwowcj cuoocj soongs giauf sang vuwowng giar. Cacs hocj giar nayf conf chir trichs cacs quoocs gia chaau As trong vieecj tichs luyx quas nhieeuf taif sanr khieens cho neenf kinh tees thees giowis trowr neen maats caan bawngf. Cais thuws luaanj ddieeuj ngows ngaanr nayf ddur ddeer chuwngs minh suwj suy ddooif veef ddaoj dduwcs cuar hoj nhuw thees naof. Nguwowif daan chaau As ddax cops nhawtj, tichs luyx bao nhieeu nawm ddeer cos mootj soos tieenf nhaats ddinhj, nhuwng laij bij cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf huts vaof cuoocj “this nghieemj vix ddaij” cos quy moo chuwa tuwngf thaays trong lichj suwr nhaan loaij. Nhu caauf ddoois vowis coong trais Myx cuar cacs neenf kinh tees chaau As “huwowngs ddeens xuaats khaaur” cungx tuwowng tuwj nhuw vieecj chiuj cho ker khacs huts maus vaayj. Mootj khi khoong dduwowcj huts maus, toanf thaan chungs ta sex camr thaays khos chiuj, buwts ruwts. Nuwowcs Myx cungx vui ver dungf thuws coong trais “vinhx vieenx

khoong hoanf trar” nayf ddeer vieets bieen lai tamj thowif cho nguwowif daan chaau As. Summer, cuwuj Booj truwowngr taif chinhs Myx ddax chir ra rawngf, neeus nhuw binhf quaan mooix tuaanf Trung Quoocs nguwngf mua mootj luwowngj coong trais trij gias maays trawm trieeuj USD, thif neenf kinh tees Myx sex gay go to, nhuwng kinh tees Trung Quoocs cungx sex gawpj khoong its phieenf phuwcs khi nganhf xuaats khaaur vaof Myx giamr suts. Treen thuwcj tees, ddooi been ddax rowi vaof trangj thais “caan ddoois khungr boos taif chinhs”.

4. Thij truwowngf sanr phaamr taif chinhs phais sinhNeeus theo cachs tinhs laix goopj thif mooix nawm its nhaats 2.000 tyr dollars dduwowcj taoj ra ddeer chi trar laix suaats vaf ddi vaof luwu thoong. Chir caanf mootj phaanf nhor trong khoanr tieenf laix nayf cungx ddur ddeer taoj neen lamj phats tieenf teej. Tuy nhieen, cos mootj ddieeuf kyf laj laf, chir soos tieeu dungf (CPI) cuar Myx laij haauf nhuw khoong theer hieenj rox muwcs ddooj lamj phats. Vaayj cacs nhaf ngaan hangf quoocs tees ddax chowi trof aor thuaatj gif? Bis quyeets laf caanf phair cos ddaauf ra cho luwowngj tieenf teej phats hanhf theem. Ddos chinhs laf sanr phaamr taif chinhs phais sinh – mootj coong cuj taif chinhs gaay neen nanj lamj phats dij thuwowngf trong muwowif maays nawm trowr laij ddaay. Hai muwowi nawm truwowcs, toongr gias trij danh nghiax (National Value) cuar cacs sanr phaamr taif chinhs phais sinh treen toanf thees giowis gaanf nhuw bawngf khoong. Nhuwng dddeens nawm 2006, toongr quy moo cur thij truwowngf nayf ddax ddatj ddeens 370 nghinf tyr USD, tuwowng dduwowng gaaps 8 laanf toongf GDP cuar toanf thees giowis. Toocs ddooj vaf quy moo tawng truwowngr cuar thij truwowngf nayf vuwowtj xa suwcs tuwowngr tuwowngj cuar loaif nguwowif. Banr chaats cuar sanr phaamr taif chinhs phais sinh laf gif? Cungx gioongs nhuw ddoongf USD, sanr phaamr taif chinhs phais sinh cungx laf mootj loaij phieeus nowi! Hown thees nuwax, chungs laf mootj gois nowj, mootj taapj howpj nowj, mootj container nowj, mootj khoi nowj, nuis nowj. Nhuwngx khoanr nowj nayf dduwowcj xem laf toongr howpj ddaauf boor xung voons cho quyx ddoois xung vaf dduwowcj coong ty baor hieemr

cungf quyx huwu tris xem nhuw voons bor vaof taif khoanr. Nhuwngx khoanr nowj nayf dduwowcj giao dichj, dduwowcj keos daif thowif hanj, kieemf chees, looi keos, chuyeenr ddoongj, boor xung hoawcj ruts ra. Ddaay laf mootj buwax tieecj thinhj soanj cuar suwj vay muwownj vaf nois mootj cachs hinhf anhr hown – laf buwax tieecj thinhj soanj cho mootj canh bacj. Ddawngf sau nhuwngx coong thuwcs soos hocj phuwcs tapj, chir cos hai luwaj chonj, mooix mootj banr howpj ddoongf ddeeuf laf mootj laanf ddanhs bacj, mooix mootj laanf ddanhs bacj ddeeuf phair cos thawngs cos thua. Cho duf ddax cos con bacj cowx buwj hangf maays trawm nghinf tyr USD, nhuwng khi ddax buwowcs vaof chieeus bacj thif caanf phair cos nhaf cais. Vaayj ai laf nhaf cais trong canh bacj kia? Ddos chinhs laf 5 ngaan hangf lowns nhaats cuar Myx. Hoj laf nhuwngx con bacj VIP maf coong vieecj cuar hoj laf “buoon bans vij thees nhaf cais”.Trong baos caos veef tinhf hinhf thij truwowngf taif chinhs phais sinh cuar ngaan hangf thuwowng maij quys hai nawm 2006, Booj taif chinhs dduwa ra 5 ngaan hangf lowns nhaats cuar Myx laf J. P. Morga Chase, taapj ddoanf ngaan hangf Hoaf kyf vaf ba ngaan hangf nuwax chieems 97% toongr sanr phaamf taif chinhs phais sinh cuar 902 ngaan hangf vowis 94% thu nhaapj. Trong cacs loaij sanr phaamr taif chinhs phais sinh cuar cacs ngaan hangf, loaij sanr phaamr laix suaats (Interest Rate) chieems ddeens 83% toanf booj giao dichj buoon bans vowis gias trij danh nghiax laf 98,7 nghinf tyr dollars (4) (Baos caos cuar cow quan kieemr soats tieenf teej vaf hoatj ddoongj daanx xuaats ngaan hangf quys hai 2006).Trong soos cacs chungr loaij sanr phaamr laix suaats, Interest Rate Swap (loaij sanr phaamr maf theo ddos, trong mootj kyf hanj nhaats ddinhj, mootj been sex hoans ddooir mootj dongf laix suaats cuar minhf laays dongf laix suaats cuar ddoois phuwowng, giao dichj trong truwowngf howpj nayf thuwowngf khoong chamj ddeens tieenf voons – ND) chieems uwu thees tuyeetj ddoois. Coong dungj chur yeeus cuar nos laf laays “gias thanhf thaaps hown” ddeer “moo phongr” suwj vaanj ddoongj cuar coong trais cos laix suaats coos ddinhj daif hanj. Cow quan suwr dungj coong cuj nayf nhieeuf nhaats chinhs laf hai doanh nghieepj lowns taij Myx dduwowcj chinhs phur ddowx ddaauf (Government Sponsored Entity),

Freddie Mac vaf Fannie Mae. Hai coong ty taif chinhs sieeu caaps nayf dungf vieecj phats hanhf coong trais ngawns hanj ddeer hoox trowj voons cho nhuwngx khoanr vay baats ddoongj sanr laix suaats coos ddinhj 30 nawm. Ngoaif ra, cacs coong ty nayf conf dungf sanr phaamr “Interest Rate” ddeer ddoois xung vowis ruir ro cuar bieens ddooir laix suaats tuwowng lai. Trong soos cacs sanr phaamr phais sinh laix suaats tuwf 98,7 nghinf tyr USD nayf, J. P. Morgan Chase ddoocj chieems phaanf quan trongj nhaats, chieems 74 nghinf tyr. Trong linhx vuwcj taif chinhs, vieecj tieens hanhf ddaauf tuw vowis tyr leej voons lo: 1 dduwowcj coi laf heets suwcs “lieeuf linhx”, conf tyr leej 100:1 thif ddos laf hangj ddaauf tuw “ddieen khungf”. Quyx quanr lys voons daif hanj (Long Term Capital Management) quyx ddoois xuwngs sieeu caaps nooir tieengs trong nhuwngx nawm 90 duwowis suwj chir ddaoj chinhs cuar hai vij tieens six ddoatj giair thuwowngr Nobel trong linhx vuwcj kinh tees- ddax xaay duwngj neen thieets bij phaanf cuwngs cuar heej mays tinhs tieen tieens nhaats treen thees giowis cho moo hinhf soos hocj ddoois xuwngs ruir ro phuwcs tapj nhaats thowif ddos. Khi ddaauf tuw vowis tyr leej cans caan nay, neeus khoong ddeer ys thif nhaf ddaauf tuw sex thua sachj tuis vaf thaamj chis conf keos car heej thoongs taif chinhs cuar thees giowis supj ddoor theo (5) (Dam Hamilton, J.P. Morgan Chase – quais vaatj khoongr loof (The J.P.M. Derivatives Monster) – Nghieen cuwus nawm 2001). Thuws maf ngaan hangf J. P. Morgan Chase ddang lamf treen thuwcj tees laf buoon bans vij thees “nhaf cais” treen thij truwowngf sanr phaamr taif chinhs phais sinh. Tuyeetj ddaij dda soos nhaf ddaauf tuw muoons ddeef phongf khar nawng laix suaats tawng cao ddootj bieens trong tuwowng lai, trong khi J. P. Morgan Chase laij ddamr baor rawngf trong tuwowng lai, laix suaats sex khoong tawng leen cho nguwowif ddaauf tuw, vaf thuws maf nos bans chinhs laf mootj loaij baor hieemr nhuw vaayj. Ddieeuf gif cos theer khieens cho J. P. Morgan Chase dams maoj hieemr ddeens nhuw vaayj trong vieecj duwj ddoans muwcs ddooj bieens ddooir laix suaats thuws maf chir cos Greenspan vaf Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx bieets ddeens? Ddaps ans howpj lys chir cos mootj, banr thaan J. P. Morgan Chase chinhs laf mootj trong nhuwngx coor ddoong lowns

nhaats cuar ngaan hangf New York thuoocj Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx, maf ngaan hangf nayf laf mootj coong ty kinh doanh. J. P. Morgan Chase khoong chir bieets dduwowcj tin tuwcs veef suwj thay ddooir laix suaats sowms hown nhuwngx nguwowif khacs, maf conf laf nguwowif xacs laapj cacs chinhs sachs thay ddooir laix suaats, trong khi uyr ban Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx taanj Washington chir laf mootj cow quan hanhf chinhs maf thooi. Suwj thay ddooir veef chinhs sachs laix suaats hoanf toanf khoong gioongs nhuw kieeur bor phieeus quyeets ddinhj laam thowif taij nhuwngx kyf hooij nghij cuar Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx nhuw nguwowif ta vaanx tuwowngr tuwowngj. Dduwowng nhieen, quas trinhf bor phieeus laf gioongs y nhuw thaatj, nhuwng nguwowif bor phieeus ngay tuwf ddaauf ddax bij cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf quoocs tees danf xeeps mootj cachs chur ys. Cho neen, vieecj maf J. P. Morgan Chase lamf chinhs laf mua ddi bans laij nhawmf kieems lowif. Ddieeuf nayf cungx cos nghiax rawngf, J. P. Morgan Chase laf mootj coong ty cos theer khoongs chees luwowngj muwa nhaan taoj, conf thuws nos bans laf baor hieemr lux lutj tranf lan. Dduwowng nhieen laf nos bieets dduwowcj khi naof thif lux lutj ddeens, thaamj chis laf lux lutj sex nhaans chimf nhuwngx nowi naof. Albert Eistein ddax tuwngf nois rawngf, Chuas khoong tung sucs sawcs. J. P. Morgan Chase dams chowi trof buoon bans vij thees “nhaf cais” treen thij truwowngf sanr phaamr taif chinhs phais sinh vaf vaf hoj sex khoong tung sucs sawcs nhuw Chuas trong caau nois cuar Einstein. Cungf vowis ddaf tawng truwowngr cos tinhs chaats bungf noor cuar thij truwowngf sanr phaamr taif chinhs phais sinh, suwj giams sats cuar chinhs phur ddax trowr neen lacj haauj. Phaanf lowns howpj ddoongf sanr phaamr taif chinhs phais sinh dduwowcj tieens hanhf been ngoaif thij truwowngf giao dichj chinhs quy, dduwowcj goij laf “giao dichj qua quaayf”. Trong chees ddooj kees toans, thaatj khos maf so sanhs giao dichj sanr phaamr taif chinhs phais sinh vowis giao dichj thuwowng maij thoong thuwowngf, vaf dduwowng nhieen, vieecj so sanhs giuwax kees toans thuees vuj vaf hachj toans tuw sanr laij cangf laf ddieeuf khos maf thuwcj hieenj. Do quy moo cuar nos roongj lowns, tyr leej cans caan taif chinhs cheenh leechj nghieem trongj, ruir ro cuar ddoois thur khos kieemr soats, chinhs phur giams sats lowi longr, cho neen nhuwngx vieecj nayf

ddoois vowis thij truwowngf taif chinhs chawngr khacs naof mootj quar bom hatj nhaan henj giowf, chir chowf leenhj laf noor tung. Chir caanf mootj luwowngj lowns ddoongf USD dduwowcj phats hanhf theem vaf chayr tuwf nuwowcs ngoaif veef, chir soos lamj phats tieenf teej sex dduwowcj khoongs chees chawtj mootj cachs kyf tichs. Tuwowng tuwj, mootj khi thij truwowngf taif chinhs phais sinh supj ddoor, chungs ta sex nhaanj ra dduwowcj cown baox taif chinhs vaf suwj khungr hoangr kinh tees nghieem trongj nhaats tuwf khi xax hooij loaif nguwowif xuaats hieenj ddeens nay.

5. Cacs doanh nghieepj dduwowcj nhaf nuwowcs baor trowj: Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx thuws hai

Raats nhieeuf cow caaus taif chinhs duwowngf nhuw khoong hieeur dduwowcj tinhs chaats ruir ro cuar cacs coong trais ngawns hanj do cacs doanh nghieepj dduwowcj nhaf nuwowcs baor trowj (GSE) phats hanhf. Cacs nhaf ddaauf tuw trais phieeus hieeur rawngf, vieecj ddaauf tuw cuar hoj hoanf toanf cos theer timf dduwowcj ruir ro taanj dungj cuar (GSE). Nguyeen nhaan laf khi xayr ra khungr hoangr, hoj nghix rawngf minhf cos ddur thowif gian duwj kieens ddeer cos theer huwowngr lowij tuwf nhuwngx coong trais ngawns hanj nayf. Tuy nhieen, vaans ddeef nawmf owr choox, khi khungr hoangr taif chinhs xuaats hieenj, chir trong maays giowf ddoongf hoof hoawcj toois dda laf vaif ngayf, nhuwngx coong trais ngawns hanj cuar GSE sex hoanf toanf maats ddi tinhs thanh khoanr. Cho duf nhaf ddaauf tuw cos theer chonj cachs ruts lui, nhuwng khi moij nhaf ddaauf tuw cungf thaos chayj thif khoong ai cos theer thoats dduwowcj. Cungx gioongs nhuw khi moij nguwowif chen nhau ddooir tieenf mawtj owr ngaan hangf, nhuwngx coong trais ngawns hanj nayf khoong theer chuyeenr thanhf tieenf mawtj mootj cachs nhanh chongs. Nois toms laij, vieecj nguwowif ta tranh nhau bans thaos cacs coong trais GSE sex khoong theer thanhf coong (6) (Dieenx vawn cuar William Poole (Chur tichj Ngaan hangf duwj truwx St. Luis), Ruir ro cuar cacs doanh nghieepj dduwowcj nhaf nuwowcs baor trowj, 2005).William Boal, Chur tichj Ngaan hangf Sain Louis, thuoocj Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx, nawm 2005. Doanh nghieepj dduwowcj Nhaf nuwowcs baor trowj owr ddaay chir cos hai coong ty cho vay baats ddoongj sanr lowns nhaats laf Fannie Mea vaf

Freddie Mac dduwowcj chinhs phur Myx trao quyeenf ddawcj bieetj. Hai coong ty nayf phuj trachs mangr xaay duwngj thij truwowngf thuws caaps cho cacs khoanr vay baats ddoongj sanr cuar Myx. Toongr gias trij coong trais do hai coong ty nayf phats hanhf dduwowcj baor ddamr bawngf baats ddoongj sanr leen ddeens 4 nghinf tyr dollars. Treen thuwcj tees, phaanf lowns trong khoanr cho vay baats ddoongj sanr 7 nghinf tyr dollars maf heej thoongs ngaan hangf Myx ddax phats hanhf ddeeuf dduwowcj bans cho hai coong ty nayf. Hoj ddax bieens nhuwngx khoanr thees chaaps baats ddoongj sanr daif hanj nayf thanhf coong trais MBS, sau ddos bans ra cho cacs cow quan taif chinhs cuar Myx vaf cacs ngaan hangf trung uwowng chaau As taij thij truwowngf phoos Wall. Giuwax coong trais MBS maf hoj ddax phats hanhf vaf cacs khoanr cho vay thees chaaps baats ddoongj sanr mua dduwowcj tuwf cacs ngaan hangf cos mootj ddooj cheenh leechj vaf khoanr nayf trowr thanhf nguoonf lowij nhuaanj cuar hai coong ty nois treen. Theo thoongs kee, Myx cos 60% ngaan hangf nawms giuwx voons coong trais cuar hai coong ty nayf, vuwowtj hown 50% voons ngaan hangf (7) (Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac vaf nhu caauf cho suwj ddooir mowis cacs doanh nghieepj dduwowcj nhaf nuwowcs baor trowj (Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac and the need for GSE reform), OFHEO) vowis tuw cachs laf coong ty leen sanf, Fannie Mae vaf Freddie Mac ddeeuf laays vieecj theo dduooir lowij nhuaanj lamf huwowngs phats trieenr. Ddoois vowis hoj, vieecj truwcj tieeps nawms giuwx khoanr vay thees chaaps baats ddoongj sanr cangf theem cos lowij caanf theo dduooir. Trong tinhf huoongs nayf, muwcs dao ddoongj laix suaats vaf hoanf trar nowj truwowcs hanj thees chaaps vaf ruir ro tins dungj ddeeuf sex do hoj tuwj ddamr dduwowng. Trong khi Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx bawts ddaauf quas trinhf tawng laix suaats lieen tucj tuwf nawm 2002, Fannie Mae vaf Freddie Mac laij bawts ddaauf mua vaof mootj luwowngj lowns vaf truwcj tieeps nawms giuwx cacs khoanr vay thees chaaps baats ddoongj sanr vowis toongr gias trij ddeens cuoois nawm 2003 laf 1.500 tyr dollars. Vowis tuw cachs laf moot toor chuwcs taif chinhs ganhs chiuj mootj khoanr nowj lowns nhuw vaayj voons caanf phair caanr thaanj tranhs ruir ro, Fannie Mae vaf Freddie Mac coi sachs luwowcj quan trongj nhaats

chinhs laf lamf sao ddeer cho nguoonf voons vaf kyf hanj cuar cacs khoanr vay awn khowps vowis nhau, vif neeus khoong thif khos maf khoongs chees dduwowcj ruir ro cuar dao ddoongj laix suaats. Tieeps ddeens, caanf phair tranhs dungf voons ngawns hanj ddamr baor cho cacs khoanr nowj daif hanj. Phuwowng phaps truyeenf thoongs chinhs laf phats hanhf coong trais cos theer thu hooif daif hanj (Callale Bonds), khieens cho thowif hanj cuar voons vaf nowj trowr neen tuwowng dduwowng nhau ddoongf thowif aans ddinhj cheenh leechj laix suaats. Nhuw vaayj, cos theer hoanf toanf tranhs dduwowcj ruir ro lowns vaf dao ddoongj laix suaats vaf hoanf trar truwowcs thowif hanj thees chaaps. Thees nhuwng, treen thuwcj tees, hai coong ty nayf chur yeeus suwr dungj coong trais coos ddinhj daif hanj vaf coong trais ngawns hanj ddeer tieens hanhf huy ddoongj voons. Quy moo cuar quas trinhf vaf hanhf vi huy ddoongj voons ngawns hanj cao ddeens muwcs cacs khoanr coong trais ngawns hanj trij gias 30 tyr nayf caanf phair dduwowcj luwu chuyeenr, ddaayr cacs coong ty nayf vaof thees ruir ro cao ddooj. Ddeer tranhs ruir ro caur dao ddoongj laix suaats, cacs coong ty nayf caanf phair chonj sachs luwowcj ddoois xuwngs phuwcs tapj, nhuw suwr dungj cacs khoanr nowj chuwa trar vaf “laix suaats vuwowtj kyf” (Interest Rate Swap) taoj ra mootj kieeur toor howpj cuar “nowj ngawns hanj + dongf hieenj kim laix suaats coos ddinhj tuwowng lai” nhawmf moo phongr hieeuj quar cuar coong trais daif hanj. Hoj cungx caanf keets howpj hoans ddooir giuwax cacs quyeenf luwaj chonj (Swaption) ddeer ddoois xung vowis ruir ro hoanf trar truwowcs kyf hanj khees chaaps. Ngoaif ra, hoj conf suwr dungj sachs luwowcj “ddoois xung ddoongj thais khoong hoanf bij” (Imperfect Dynamic Hedging), “phongf thur trongj ddieemr” ddoois vowis dao ddoongj manhx lieetj cuar laix suaats khar nawng ngawns hanj, conf ddoois vowis laix suaats daif hanj oonr ddinhj thif suwr dungj phuwowng phaps “nowis longr phongf bij”. Nois chung, vowis cacs phuwowng phaps nayf, Fannie Mae vaf Freddie Mac hoanf toanf giuwx thees chur ddoongj treen thij truwowngf. Vif muoons thu dduwowcj nhieeuf lowij nhuaanj hown nuwax, Fannie Mae vaf Freddie Mac conf mua vaof mootj luwowngj lowns coong trais MBS do chinhs minhf phats hanhf ra. Mowis nghe thif ddieeuf nayf

duwowngf nhuw khoong howpj lys lawms, taij sao ddown vij phats hanhf ra coong trais ngawns hanj laij ddi mua coong trais daif hanj cuar chinhs minhf? Chuyeenj laj cos cais lys cuar chuyeenj laj. Fannie Mae vaf Freddie Mac laf ddown vij kinh doanh lungx ddoanj cuar thij truwowngf cho vay baats ddoongj sanr thuws caaps dduwowcj chinhs phur Myx trao quyeenf vaf gians tieeps baor ddamr cho hai coong ty nayf. Goij laf gians tieeps vif chinhs phur Myx cung caaps mootj hanj ngachj tins dungj vowis soos luwowngj nhaats ddinhj ddoois vowis hai coong ty nayf ddeer cos theer dungf ddeens trong tinhf huoongs khaanr caaps. Ngoaif ra, Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang cos theer tinhs toans khaaus hao ddoois vowis coong trais cuar Fannie Mae vaf Freddie Mac, hay nois cachs khacs ngaan hangf trung uwowng cos theer truwcj tieeps tieens hanhf tieenf teej hoas coong trais cuar hoj. Gaanf nuwar thees kyr nay, truwf coong trais cuar Myx, vaanx khoong cos coong trais cuar baats cuws coong ty naof cos vinh duwj ddawcj bieetj nayf. Do thij truwowngf nawms rox rawngf, coong trais do Fannie Mae vaf Freddie Mac phats hanhf cos gias trij tuwowng dduwowng ddoongf dollar neen ddooj tin caayj cuar chungs chir dduwngs sau coong trais quoocs gia Myx. Bowir vaayj maf muwcs laix suaats cuar coong trais ngawns hanj do hoj phats hanhf ra cao hown so vowis coong trais quoocs gia, vaf chinhs vif cos dduwowcj nguoonf voons nhuw vaayj maf cacs coong ty nayf chawngr daij gif maf khoong mua laij coong trais daif hanj cuar minhf ddeer kieems lowif. Cos theer nois rawngf, xets owr muwcs ddooj nhaats ddinhj, coong trais cuar hai coong ty nayf ddang phats huy vai trof cuar coong trais Booj taif chinhs Myx. Treen thuwcj tees, hai coong ty nayf ddax trowr thanhf “Cucj Duwj truwx Lien bang Myx thuws hai”, taoj neen tinhs thanh khoanr lowns cho heej thoongs ngaan hangf cuar Myx, ddawcj bieetj laf nhuwngx khi chinhs phur khoong tieenj ra mawtj. Ddaay chinhs laf nguyeen nhaan taij sao khi Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx ddax tieens hanhf tawng laix suaats lieen tucj 17 laanf nhuw vaayj maf tinhs thanh khoanr treen thij truwowngf taif chinhs vaanx raats cao. Hanhf vi kieems lowif cuar chinhs phur tuwf vieecj dungf coong trais ngawns hanj GSE mua coong trais MBS daif hanj cungf vowis suwj huy ddoongj voons vowis gias thanhf cuwcj thaaps cuar cacs ngaan hangf

quoocs tees treen thij truwowngf ddoongf yeen Nhaatj, rooif ddeens hanhf vi dungf cans caan booij soos lowns mua quyeenf kyf hanj cuar coong trais Myx taoj neen tinhf trangj nongs bongr dij thuwowngf cho cacs loaij coong trais daif hanj (coong trais quoocs gia vaf coong trais MBS kyf hanj 30 nawm). Vaayj laf sau mootj hooif do duwj, cacs nhaf ddaauf tuw nuwowcs ngoaif sex quay laij thij truwowngf coong trais daif hanj cuar Myx. Vaf nhuw vaayj, duwj truwx cuar cacs nuwowcs khacs cos theer tieeps tucj giups cho “cuoocj thuwr nghieemj ddoongj cow vinhx cuwur cuar neenf kinh tees” nuwowcs Myx. Treen buwax ddaij tieecj cuar ducj vongj, nguwowif ta tieeps tucj hoan lacj ddieen cuoongf. Chir cos ddieeuf, aor giacs cuoois cungf cungx vaanx laf aor giacs. Trong khi cacs doanh nghieepj dduwowcj nhaf nuwowcs baor trowrj tieeps tucj chuoocs ruwowuj trong manf hoan lacj ddieen cuoongf thif nguoonf voons tuwj cos cuar hoj ddax haj xuoongs duwowis muwcs 3,5% - mootj muwcs heets suwcs ruir ro. Phair ganhs vacs nhuwngx khoanr nowj hangf maays nghinf tyr dollars vowis muwcs laix suaats luoon bieens ddoongj trong khi khoois luwowngj laij thaaps nhuw vaayj, cacs coong ty dduwowcj nhaf nuwowcs baor trowj ddax khieens cho Greenspan maats awn maats ngur. Do gaanf nhuw phuj thuoocj vaof coong cuj taif chinhs phais sinh, roots cuoocj sachs luwowcj ddoois xung cuar cacs doanh nghieepj dduwowcj nhaf nuwowcs baor trowj cos theer ddoois ddaauf dduwowcj vowis suwj bootj phats baats ngowf hay khoong? William Boal – Chur tichj Ngaan hangf Saint Louis thuoocj Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx – raats lo lawngs veef khar nawng phair dduwowng ddaauf vowis muwcs laix suaats kinh hoangf cuar cacs doanh nghieepj dduwowcj nhaf nuwowcs baor trowj. Sau khi phaan tichs tinhf hinhf cuar bieen ddooj dao ddoongj laix suaats mooix ngayf cuar coong trais quoocs gia Myx trong 25 nawm qua, oong ta ddax ruts ra keets luaanj rawngf: Giar suwr mootj nawm cos 250 ngayf giao dichj, xacs suaats xayr ra dao ddoongj laix suaats cuwowngf ddooj loaij nayf laf mootj nawm hai laanf, maf khoong phair laf tams nawm mootj laanf nhuw nguwowif ta tinhs toans. Moo hinhf phaan boos trangj thais ddax phans ddoans sai hoanf toanf muwcs ddooj ruir ro dao ddoongj cuar laix suaats. Dao ddoongj

cuwowngf ddooj sieeu lowns vuwowtj quas sai leechj tieeu chuaanr 4,5 hoawcj hown ddax xayr ra muwowif mootj laanf trong 6.573 ngayf giao dichj, loaij dao ddoongj caaps ddawcj bieetj nayf sex ddur ddeer ddanhs supj mootj coong ty phuj thuoocj vaof cans caan caan bawngf taif chinhs. Conf mootj ddieemr quan trongj nuwax laf dao ddoongj sieeu caaps nayf cos khuynh huwowngs bungf noor taapj trung, cos nghiax laf trong mootj khoangr thowif gian ngawns, mootj coong ty sex bij chaans ddoongj nhieeuf laanf. Ddoois xung khoong hoanf bij trong tinhf huoongs laix suaats dao ddoongj duwx dooij sex ddaanx ddeens suwj thaats baij trieetj ddeer cuar coong ty nayf (8) (8) Dieenf vawn cuar William Poole (Chur tichj Ngaan hangf duwj truwx St. Louis). Ruir do cuar doanh nghieepj dduwowcj nhaf nuwowcs baor trowj, 2005).

Chus thichs: trong hinhf dduwowngf nhatj mayf bieeur thij phamj vi sai leechj 3,5 so vowis tieeu chauanr Dduwowngf dao ddoongj laix suaats hawngf ngayf coong trais kyf hanj 10 nawm cuar Myx trong 25 nawm nay (ngayf 1 thangs 5 nawm 1987 ddeens ngayf 1 thangs 5 nawm 2004).

Phaanf IX (tt)

Neeus xayr ra suwj kieenj bootj phats, vis duj nhuw sats thur taif chinhs ddootj ngootj coong kichs ddoongf dollars, cacs phaanf tuwr khungr boos taans coong nuwowcs Myx bawngf chieens tranh hatj nhaan hoawcj

chieens tranh sinh hocj, hoawcj nhuw gias vangf tieeps tucj tawng cao, thij truwowngf coong trais Myx awts sex chaans ddoongj dduwx dooij. Mootj khi cacs doanh nghieepj dduwowcj nhaf nuwowcs baor trowj gawpj vaans ddeef thif luwowngj coong trais trij gias maays trawm nghinf tyr dollars cos theer maats ddi tinhs thanh khoanr chir sau vaif tieengs ddoongf hoof, thaamj chis lucs nayf, Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx cungx khoong theer ra tay cuwus vowts, maf vowis suwj supj ddoor quy moo nhuw vaayj thif Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx cungx ddanhf bos tay vif luwcj baats tongf taam. Cuoois cungf, 60% ngaan hangf Myx cos theer phair dduwowng ddaauf vowis mootj cuoocj khungr hoangr, thij truwowngf sanr phaamr taif chinhs phais sinh trij gias 370 nghinf tyr dollars sex rowi vaof tinhf trangj hoonx loanj vowis hieeuj uwngs tuyeets lowr. Ruir ro lowns nhaats cuar thij truwowngf sanr phaamr taif chinhs phais sinh dduwowcj phanr anhs ddaayf ddur thoong qua cacs doanh nghieepj dduwowcj nhaf nuwowcs taif trowj, trong khi chinhs cacs doanh nghieepj nayf chawngr qua chir laf mootj gocs nuis bawng. Trong cuoons “Tham vongj xa xir cuar suwj vay muwownj”, Robert Kiyosaky – tacs giar cuoongs sachs nooir tieengs “Dayj con lamf giauf” (Rich Dad, Pool Dad) – ddax mieeu tar veef suwj “phoonf vinh kinh tees vay nowj” cuar thees giowis ngayf nay: Kinh nghieemj cuar tooi cho bieets, trong tuwowng lai nhaats ddinhj sex cos ker phair hoanf trar khoanr nowj nayf. Suwj supj ddoor cuar ddees quoocs Taay Ban Nha gawns lieenf vowis longf tham voo ddays cuar hoj ddoois vowis chieens tranh. Tooi e rawngf, longf tham voo ddays cuar con nguwowif sex keos nhaan loaij ddi theo veets xe ddoor. Vaayj kieens nghij cuar tooi laf gif? Ddoois vowis hieenj taij, hayx hoan lacj ddieen cuoongf taij buwax tieecj cuar longf tham ddi, nhuwng dduwngf uoongs quas nhieeuf, vaf phair dduwngs gaanf loois ra (9) (91 Robert Kiyosaki, Muif vij cuar nowj naanf (A Taste of Debt) - Yahoo Finace Experts Column 31/10/2006)).Trong mootj sowis bacj naos nhieetj, cacs con bacj ddang doonf heets taam tris ddeer ddawtj cuwowcj vaof ddoongf USD voons bij Robert Toru Kiosaki goij laf “tieenf teej teeus”. Lucs nayf, nhuwngx ker conf tinhr taos ddaauf ocs ddax nhaanj ra rawngf, gocs khuaats cuar chieeus bacj

ddang bawts ddaauf boocs khois. Hoj coos heets suwcs binhf sinh ddeer thoats ra khoir chieeus bacj theo huowwngs cuwar hepj. Lucs nayf, cacs con soos ddax cos theer nhinf thaays ngonj luwar lowf mowf. Tuy nhieen, hoj vaanx hoanf toanf chuwa hay bieets. Chir cos mootj soos nguwowif ddax nguwir thaays muif khois. Hoj nhowns nhacs tuws phias vaf bawts ddaauf rif raamf banf tans. Sowj moij nguwowif phats hieenj thaays ngonj luwar, oong chur sowis bacj benf bayf ruwowuj chef kichs thichs, vaf phaanf lowns con bacj laij huts trowr laij been chieeus bacj. Mooif luwar cuoois cungf cungx bens thanhf ngonj luwar, nguwowif nguwowif hoangr sowj vaf thaos chayj nhuwng khoong bieets phair lamf sao. Ddeer traans an sowis bacj, chur sowis cho rawngf, vieecj cos luwar cos khois laf chuyeenj binhf thuwowngf vaf chuyeenj kieemr soats ngonj luwar laf ddieeuf hoanf toanf lamf dduwowcj. Tuwf nawm 1971 ddeens nay, moij vieecj ddeeuf dieenx ra nhuw thees. Nhuwngx ddieeuf nayf ddax lamf yeen longf moij nguwowif, vaayj laf nguwowif ta laij tieeps tucj ddanhs bacj. Chir cos ddieeuf, soos nguwowif dduwngs owr cuwar ra vaof ngayf cangf ddoong hown. Lucs nayf, ddieeuf ddangs sowj nhaats chinhs laf khi cos tieengs thets chois tai baos hieeuj ddams chays ddang lan ddeens vaf mooix nguwowif ddeeuf phair timf dduwowngf thoats cho minhf. Ddoois vowis Robert Toru Kiyosaki, cuwar thoats hieemr cuar sowis bacj chinhs laf vangf vaf bacj. Trong tacs phaamr “Ddanhs vangf, dduwngf ddanhs bacj teeus”, oong ddax chir ra:Tooi camr thaays vangf laf taif sanr raats tieenj dungj. Trong ddieeuf kieenj gias daauf mor tawng leen vaf cacs nuwowcs nhuw Lieen bang Nga, Venezuela, Araapj vaf chaau Phi khoong muoons tieeps nhaanj ddoongf dollar cuar chungs ta, vangf sex conf tawng gias manhj. Truwowcs mawts, chungs ta cos theer dungf “tieenf teeus” cuar minhf ddeer chi trar cho hangf hoas vaf dichj vuj cuar quoocs gia khacs, nhuwng thees giowis ddax daanf daanf maats huwngs vowis ddoongf dollar rooif. Chieens luwowcj cuar tooi trong nhieeuf nawm trowr laij ddaay laf: ddaauf tuw tieenf thaatj, chungs chinhs laf vangf vaf bacj. Tooi cungx tieeps tucj vay “tieenf teeus” ddeer mua baats ddoongj sanr. Mooix khi gias vangf tawng cao, thif hieenj vaatj maf tooi mua vaof cangf nhieeuf. Cos nhaf ddaauf tuw thoong minh naof sex khoong muoons vay “tieenf teeus” ddeer mua tieenf thaatj vowis gias rer chuws (10)? (Robert

Kiyosaki, Ddanhs cuwowcj vaof vangf chuws khoong phair ddanhs cuwowcj vaof tieenf (Bet on Gold, Not on Funny Money (Yahoo Finace Experts Column July 25, 2006)).

6. Vangf – mootj loaij tieenf teej bij giam longrBanr thaan vangf mang trong minhf raats nhieeuf yeeus toos baats oonr. Vieecj chinhs phur cuar mootj soos quoocs gia lowns vaanx luoon timf cachs lung lacj gias vangf chinhs laf mootj trong nhuwngx yeeus toos aays. Neeus nhuw quan taam ddeens chinhs sachs cuar chinhs phur ddoois vowis vangf trong suoots 20 nawm qua, banj sex nhaanj ra rawngf, khi gias vangf tawng ddeens 800 dollars/ounce (nawm 1980), chawngr cos chinhs phur naof bans vangf ra. Vieecj bans vangf ra khi ddos cos theer nois laf raats howpj thowif, laij conf cos theer oonr ddinhj gias vangf. Nhuwng chinhs phur laij bans vangf ra khi gias vangf xuoongs thaaps nhaats (nawm 1999). Chinhs phur Anh ddax lamf nhuw vaayj vaf ddos chinhs laf mootj trong nhuwngx yeeus toos khieens cho gias vangf trowr neen baats oonr (11) (Ferdinand Lips, Cuoocj chieens vangf: Traanj chieens choongs laij tieenf teej tuwf cachs nhinf cuar nguwowif Thuyj Six (Gold War, The Battle Against Sound Money as Seen From a Swiss Perspective) - New York: The Foundation for the Advancement of Monetary Education 2001, tr. 125).Robert A. Mundell, nawm 1999. Yeeus toos lamf baats oonr gias vangf maf Robert A. Mundell nois ddeens nawm 1999 chinhs laf mootj booj phaanj quan trongj cuar manf kichj taif chinhs tinh vi do cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf quoocs tees danf duwngj keer tuwf nawm 1980. Nhuwng vieecj thao tungs gias vangf laij laf mootj kees hoachj taif tinhf dduwowcj danf xeeps nghieem ngawtj vowis thur phaps cao sieeu khieens nguwowif ta khos phats hieenj ra. Vieecj khoongs chees thanhf coong gias vangf trong khoangr thowif gian 20 nawm vaanx laf chuyeenj thaatj khos tin trong lichj suwr nhaan loaij. Ddieeuf khos hieeur nhaats chinhs laf tuyeen boos cuar ngaan hangf Anh quoocs vaof ngayf 7 thangs 5 nawm 1999. Ngaan hangf nayf ddootj ngootj thoong baos sex bans dduwts mootj nuwar soos vangf duwx truwx (chuwngf 415 taan). Ddaay laf laanf ngaan hangf Anh bans thaos vangf vowis quy moo lowns nhaats keer tuwf khi cuoocj chieens tranh giuwax ddees quoocs Anh vaf Napoleon noor ra. Thoong tin ddoongj trowif nayf

ddax khieens cho gias vangf quoocs tees rowts xuoongs nguwowngx 280 dollars/ ounce. Moij nguwowif khoong khoir hoaif nghi: roots cuoocj thif ngaan hangf Anh muoons gif? Ddaauf tuw uw? Khoong ddungs, bowir neeus ddaauf tuw thif hoj phair bans ra vowis gias 800 dollars/ounce tuwf nawm 1980 rooif gom coong trais Myx kyf hanj 30 nawm vowis muwcs laix suaats leen ddeens 13% vaof thowif ddos ddeer kieems laix. Nhuwng ngaan hangf Anh laij phas binhx khi bans thaos vangf ra vowis gias thaaps nhaats trong lichj suwr laf 280 dollars/ ounce vaof nawm 1999, rooif ddi ddaauf tuw coong trais Myx vowis laix suaats khi ddos chuwa ddeens 5%. Vieecj Mundell khoong theer hieeur dduwowcj nguyeen nhaan vif sao cungx khoong phair laf chuyeenj laj. Phair chawng ngaan hangf quoocs tees khoong bieets gif veef lamf awn? Dduwowng nhieen laf khoong phair. Trong suoots gaanf 300 nawm keer tuwf khi thanhf laapj vaof nawm 1694, Ngaan hangf Anh ddax xuwng hungf xuwng bas treen thij truwowngf taif chinhs, ddax trair qua moij bieens coos thawng traamf, thaamj chis, ddoois vowis hoj, Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx chir ddangs laf mootj caauj hocj trof nhor. Vif thees, neeus nois trawngs ngaan hangf Anh ngowf ngheechj trong khi kinh doanh thif thaatj laf nuwcj cuwowif. Vaayj taij sao Ngaan hangf Anh laij hanhf xuwr mootj cachs nguwowcj ddowif nhuw vaayj? Chir cos mootj lys do duy nhaats: nooix lo sowj. Hoj khoong sowj gias vangf tieeps tucj giamr xuoongs khieens cho nguoonf duwj truwx vangf maats hieeuj luwcj maf laij sowj gias vangf tieeps tucj tawng gias? Bowir trong soor sachs giaays towf cuar ngaan hangf thif vangf ddax khoong canhs maf bay. Soos vangf caanf phair thu vaof ddeer ghi cheps trong soor sachs kia cos theer maix maix khoong thu hooif laij dduwowcj. Ferdinand Lips – mootj nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf Thuyj Six – ddax tuwngf nois rawngf, neeus nhuw nguwowif daan Anh bieets dduwowcj ngaan hangf trung uwowng cuar hoj xuwr tris mootj cachs ddieen khungf vaf khinh suaats nhuw thees naof ddoois vowis nguoonf taif sanr chaan chinhs (vangf) maf hoj coos coong tichs luyx trong suoots maays trawm nawm thif duwowis ddoanj ddaauf ddaif sex cos khoois hoopj soj nawmf loonr nhoonr. Nois mootj cachs chinhs xacs hown, neeus nguwowif daan

thees giowis bieets dduwowcj cacs ngaan hangf trung uwowng ddax thao tungs gias vangf nhuw thees naof thif tooij looix lowns nhaats trong lichj suwr loaif nguwowif sex dduwowcj phowi bayf ra anhs sangs. Vaayj thif soos vangf cuar ngaan hangf Anh ddax boocs howi ddi ddaau? Hoas ra, soos vangf nayf ddax bij cacs nhaf ngaan hangf Anh mang ddi cho cacs ddoongf nghieepj buoon vangf nens (Bullion Banker) thuee muwowns maats rooif. Ngonj nganhf cuar suwj vieecj laf thees nayf: Ddaauf nhuwngx nawm 90, trucj London – phoos Wall haj gucj neenf kinh tees Nhaatj, khoongs chees dduwowcj tieens trinhf thoongs nhaats tieenf teej chaau Aau. Tuy tor ra howns howr ddawcs chis nhuwng cacs ddaij gia ngaan hangf vaanx khoong theer naof low laf maats canhr giacs vowis vangf. Neen nhows rawngf, ddoois vowis giowis taif chinhs cuar trucj London – phoos Wall thif ddoongf tieenf chaau Aau vaf ddoongf yeen Nhaatj chir laf mootj cais munj nhor maf thooi, trong khi vangf mowis laf khoois u acs tinhs. Neeus mootj khi vangf trowr neen cos gias thif moij heej thoongs tieenf teej phaps ddinhj sex phair thaanf phucj nos. Tuy khoong conf dduwowcj coi laf tieenf teej cuar thees giowis, nhuwng truwowcs sau vangf vaanx laf trowr ngaij lowns nhaats ddoois vowis cacs ngaan hangf trong vieecj tuwowcs ddoatj taif sanr cuar nguwowif daan thees giowis thoong qua nanj lamj phats tieenf teej. Chir caanf cos chuts bieens ddoongj trong xax hooij laf nguwowif ta laapj tuwcs ddoor xoo ddi mua vangf. Neeus muoons loaij bor vangf thif cacs ngaan hangf quoocs tees phair timf cachs “giam longr” vangf vinhx vieenx. Neeus muoons thuwcj hieenj vieecj nayf, cacs nhaf ngaan hangf caanf phair lamf sao ddeer car thees giowis thaays dduwowcj rawngf vangf laf mootj thuws taif sanr voo dungj vaf khoong cos khar nawng baor veej tieenf bacj cuar nguwowif daan vaf cungx khoong theer trowr thanhf chir tieeu oonr ddinhj, thaamj chis khoong cos suwcs thu huts suwj quan taam cuar cacs nhaf ddaauf cow. Vif vaayj gias trij cuar vangf caanf phair dduwowcj khoongs chees nghieem ngawtj. Nawm 1968, ruts kinh nghieemj xuwowng maus tuwf thamr baij cuar “Quyx hoox trowj vangf”, cacs nhaf ngaan hangf quoocs tees quyeets khoong dungf vangf ddeer lamf thuws ddoois choij vowis nhu caauf thij truwowngf khoongr loof. Nawm 1980, sau khi naang laix suaats leen

ddeens 20% vaf tamj thowif khoongs chees dduwowcj gias vangf ddoongf thowif khooi phucj dduwowcj longf tin cuar daan chungs vaof ddoongf dollar, cacs nhaf ngaan hangf bawts ddaauf suwr dungj mootj loaij vux khis mowis laf coong cuj taif chinhs phais sinh. Binh phaps cos caau “coong taam vi thuwowngj, coong thanhf vi haj” (ddanhs vaof longf nguwowif mowis laf thuwowngj sachs, conf ddanhs thanhf chir laf haj sachs maf thooi). Cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf quoocs tees khas hieeur rox chaan lys nayf. Vangf cungx toots, USD cungx xong, maf coor phieeus, coong trais, baats ddoongj sanr cungx ddeeuf chaaps nhaanj dduwowcj. Nhuwng duf cos dinhs dangs ddeens baats cuws thuws naof trong ddos thif cungx cos nghiax laf ta ddang dduaf giownx vowis nieemf tin! Maf sanr phaamr taif chinhs phais sinh chinhs laf vux khis nieemf tin sieeu caaps. Nawm 1987, sau khi thuwr nghieemj thanhf coong vuj noor “bom hatj nhaan taif chinhs phais sinh” trong cown ddaij hoaj cuar thij truwowngf chuwngs khoans, loaij vux khis nayf ddax dduwowcj ddem ra suwr dungj. Nawm 1990, thuws vux khis hieeuj nawng nayf laij dduwowcj suwr dungj mootj laanf nuwax treent thij truwowngf chuwngs khoans Tokyo maf muwcs ddooj suwcs sats thuwowng cuar nos khieens cho cacs nhaf ngaan hangf quoocs tees haan hoan ra mawtj. Tuy nhieen, cachs thuwcs nayf chir cos hieeuj quar trong mootj khoangr thowif gian ngawns. Vif vangf dduwowcj coi laf moois dde doaj lowns ddoois vowis cacs nhaf ngaan hangf, ddeer taoj ra suwj dde doaj mang tinhs laau daif ddoois vowis vangf, nguwowif ta caanf phair suwr dungj nhieeuf loaij vux khis ddanhs vaof longf tin cuar daan chungs. Vieecj ngaan hangf trung uwowng tuw huwux khoongs chees ddeer ddem luwowngj vangf duwj truwx quoocs gia cho thuee laf mootj trong nhuwngx loaij vux khis huwux hieeuj. Ddaauf nhuwngx nawm 90 cuar thees kyr 20, cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf quoocs tees bawts ddaauf tung ra mootj chieeu thuwcs mowis: cho cacs nhaf ngaan hangf thuee laij nguoonf vangf ddang luwu giuwx trong kho cuar ngaan hangf trung uwowng vowis laix suaats cho duf chir 1% bowir neeus khoong lamf vaayj thif luwowngj vangf ddos cuws “ngur yeen” trong kho maf chawngr heef sinh lowij, laij conf toons coong lau buij bams vaof, toons chi phis

baor quanr. Quar nhieen, cachs thuwcs nayf ddax nhanh chongs trowr thanhf phong traof raamf rooj owr chaau Aau. Vaayj thif cacs khachs hangf thuee laij vangf cuar hoj laf nhuwngx ai? Ddos chinhs laf cacs ddaij gia ngaan hangf nhuw coong ty J. P. Morgan chawngr hanj. Duwaj vaof uy tins “toots lanhf” caur minhf, hoj “vay” vangf tuwf tay cacs ngaan hangf trung uwowng vowis laix suaats sieeu rer 1%, rooif bans ra treen thij truwowngf vangf, nhaanj mootj khoanr hoa hoongf rooif sau ddos mua coong trais Myx vowis laix suaats 5%. Nhuw vaayj, hoj awn chawcs khoanr laix cheenh leechj 4% vaf thur ddoanj nayf dduwowcj goij laf “Giao dichj vangf huwowngr laix suaats cheenh leechj (Gold Carry Trade). Cuws nhuw vaayj, vieecj ngaan hangf trung uwowng bans vangf rer matj ddax taoj ra suwj eps buoocj vowis gias vangf vaf giups cacs ngaan hangf huwowngr mootj khoanr cheenh leechj beos bowr ddoongf thowif conf kichs thichs dduwowcj nhu caauf cuar daan chungs ddoois vowis coong trais Myx. Nhuw vaay, mootj muix teen cuar cas nhaf ngaan hangf ddax trungs towis maays ddichs. Tuy nhieen, vieecj lamf nayf vaanx hamf chuwas mootj nguy cow ruir ro. Phaanf lowns soos vangf maf cacs nhaf ngaan hangf vay dduwowcj tuwf ngaan hangf trung uwowng laf howpj ddoongf ngawns hanj, thuwowngf cos hieeuj luwcj trong khoangr 6 thangs, nhuwng ddoois tuwowngj ddaauf tuw raats cos theer laf coong trais daif hanj, vaf khi ddeens kyf hanj, cacs ngaan hangf trung uwowng ddown phuwowng yeeu caauf khachs hangf hoanf trar laij soos vangf ddax vay. Lucs nayf, neeus gias vangf lieen tucj tawng cao thif tinhf canhr cuar cacs ngaan hangf ddi vay sex cuwcj kyf nguy hieemr. Ddeer phongf nguwaf ruir ro nayf, cacs thieen taif phoos Wall ddax taapj trung chus ys vaof nganhf sanr xuaats vangf. Hoj khoong nguwngf nhooif nhets vaof ddaauf cacs nhaf sanr xuats vangf tuw tuwowngr mang tinhs “taats yeeus lichj suwr” rawngf, veef laau daif, gias vangf khai thacs dduwowcj sex giamr xuoongs, chir bawngf cachs choots gias bans trong tuwowng lai ngay thowif ddieemr hieenj taij thif hoj mowis cos theer tranhs dduwowcj ruir ro. Ngoaif ra, cacs nhaf ngaan hangf quoocs tees conf cos theer cung caaps mootj khoanr vay laix suaats thaaps khoangr 4% vaf cung caaps kinh phis cho nganhf sanr xuaats vangf (khaor sats vaf khai phas). Muwcs laix suaats nayf khieens nguwowif ta khos cos theer

tuwf choois, hown nuwax, khi thaays gias vangf quoocs tees bieens ddooir hangf nawm, thay vif ddowij ddeens sau nayf bans vangf haj gias thif thaf ngay baay giowf ddem vangf conf nawmf trong longf ddaats bans ra vowis mootj gias toots vaanx hown. Ddieeuf nayf goij laf “howpj ddoongf vieenx kyf vangf” (bans vangf truwowcs khi khai thacs, Gold Forward Sale). Vaayj laf cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf ddax cos trong tay mootj sanr luwowngj vangf cuar tuwowng lai vaf dungf chinhs soos vangf nayf lamf thees chaaps cho vieecj hoanf trar nowj vay vangf cuar ngaan hangf Trung uwowng. Hown nuax, vif ngaan hangf Trung uwowng vaf cacs nhaf ngaan hangf vay voons dix laf nguwowif trong mootj nhaf, cho neen “howpj ddoongf cho thuee” gaanf nhuw cos theer keos daif voo thowif hanj (Loan Roll Over). Nhuw vaayj, cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf vay vangf ddax dduwowcj baor hieemr keps. Sau mootj thowif gian ngawns thuwcj hieenj ys tuwowngr nayf, cacs thieen taif phoos Wall laij bats ddaauf tung ra thij truwowngf mootj loaij sanr phaamr taif chinhs phais sinh mowis nhuw Howpj ddoongf giao hangf chaamj(Spot Defered Sales), howpj ddoongf vieenx kyf ddieeuf kieenj (Contingent Forward), howpj ddoongf vieenx kyf bieens luwowngj (Varable Volume Forward), Ddoois xung Delta (Delta Hedging), vaf cacs howpj ddoongf quyeenf kyf hanj khacs. Duwowis suwj trowj giups cuar cacs ngaan hangf ddaauf tuw, nganhf coong nghieepj sanr suaats vangf bawts ddaauf tham gia tichs cuwcj duwowis suwj trowj giups cuar cacs ngaan hangf ddaauf tuw, nganhf coong nghieepj sanr suaats vangf bawts ddaauf tham gia tichs cuwcj vaof hoatj ddoongj ddaauf cow taif chinhs chuwa tuwngf thaays truwowcs ddos. Nganhf sanr xuaats vangf cuar cacs nuwowcs bawts ddaauf oof atj ddem luwonwgj vangf duwj truwx duwowis longf ddaats quy tinhs thanhf sanr luwowngj hieenj huwux ddeer tieens hanhf “bans truwowcs”. Nganhf sanr xuats vangf cuar Ucs thaamj chis conf ddem sanr luwowngj vangf trong 7 nawm towis bans ra ngoaif. Toongr soos howpj ddoongf sanr phaamr taif chinhs phais sinh maf Ashanti – coong ty sanr xuaats quan trongj cuar Ghana, Taay Phi – ddax mua duwowis suwj “tham muwu” cuar Goldman Sachs vaf 16 ngaan hangf ddax leens ddeens 2500 banr, ddeens thangs 6 nawm 1999, taif sanr theer hieenj treen soor sachs cuar coong ty nayf ddax ddatj muwcs 290 trieeuj USD. Cacs nhaf binhf luaanj

chir ra rawngf, cacs coong ty sanr xuaats vangf ddang dungf kim loaij quys nayf ddeer ddaauf cow maoj hieemr. Trong traof luwu “cachs mangj ddoois xung” ddang daang leen trong nganhf sanr xuaats vngf, coong ty vangf Barrick cos theer dduwowcj xem laf mootj vis duj ddieenr hinhf veef quy moo hoatj ddoongj. Quy moo ddoois xung cuar Barrick ddax vuwowtj qua phamj truf howpj lys cuar vieecj khoongs chees ruir ro, vif thees cungx chawngr cos gif sai neeus nois sachs luwowcj cuar coong ty nayf laf mootj canh bacj lowns veef taif chinhs. Trong hanhf ddoongj mua khoongs vangf motj chieeuf vowis soos luwowngj lowns, Barrick ddax taoj ra suwcs eps gias mang tinhs canhj tranh giuwax cacs ddown vij cungf nganhf, vaf keets quar taats yeeus laf thij truwowngf khoong conf cow hooij ddeer toonf tai. Trong baos caos thuwowngf nieen cuar minhf, Barrick ddax thooir phoongs sachs luwowcj ddoois xung phuwcs tapj nhawmf khieens cho hoj cos theer bans vangf ra vowis gias cao hown thij truwowngf. Thuwcj ra, mootj phaanf trong soos vangf maf Barrick bans treen thij truwowngf nayf laf vangf “vay” vowis laix suaats tuwf caacs ngaan hangf trung uwowng. Khoanr thu nhaapj cos dduwowcj tuwf vieecj bans thaos luwowngj vangf “vay” nayf treen thij truwowngf dduwowcj dungf ddeer mua coong trais Myx. Khoanr cheenh leechj laix suaats tuwf vieecj mua bans nayf chinhs laf keets quar dieeuj kyf dduwowcj sinh ra tuwf cais goij laf “coong cuj ddoois xung phuwcs tapj” – mootj tror bipj bowmj taif chinhs ddieenr hinhf. Tuy nhieen, gias vangf khoong nguwngf tuootj doocs, vaf ddieeuf nayf phuf howpj vowis lowij ichs cuar cacs been tham gia. Khi gias vangf tuootj doocs, do ddax choots gias bans ra, cacs ddown vij sanr xuaats vangf ddax bieens baos gias vangf treen giaays towf soor sachs vaf khawngr ddinhj rawngf vangf sex conf tawng gias. Vaayj laf, nganhf sanr xuaats vangf trowr thanhf ker ddoongf loax trong vieecj lamf cho gias vangf sutj giamr mootj cachs kyf quais. Thuwcj ra, thuws maf nganhf sanr xuaats vangf cos dduwowcj chir laf thuws lowi loocj nhaats thowif, conf cais maats ddi laij laf lowij ichs laau daif. Rush More – Chur tichj uyr ban hanhf ddoongj choongs lungx ddoanj vangf (Gold Anti – trust Action Committee) ddax goij Barrick laf “Gold Cartel”. Thanhf vieen chinhs cuar taapj ddoanf nayf bao goomf: coongj ty

J. P. Morgan, ngaan hangf Anh, Deutsche Bank, ngaan hangf Hoa Kyf, Coong ty Goldman Sachs, ngaan hangf thanh toans quoocs tees (BIS), Booj taif chinhs Myx vaf Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx. Trong khi gias vangf dduwowcj ddaayr leen cao khoong nguwngf do nhu caauf thij truwowngf tawng manhj thif ngaan hangf trung uwowng laij ddootj kichs vaof tuyeens thuws nhaats bawngf vieecj coong khai bans thaos mootj luwowngj lowns vangf, maix cho ddenes khi cacs nhaf ddaauf tuw camr thaays khieeps sowj mowis thooi. Trong phieen ddieeuf traanf taij uyr ban ngaan hangf haj nghij vieenj thangs 7 nawm 1998, Greenspan ddax leen tieengs nois rwngf: “Vangf laf mootj loaij hangf hoas cos raats nhieeuf sanr phaamr taif chinhs phais sinh dduwowcj tieens hanhf giao dichj ngoaif thij truwowngf. Nhaf ddaauf tuw khoong theer khoongs chees luwowngj cung uwngs vangf, neeus nhuw gias vangf tawng thif cacs ngaan hangf trung uwowng sex “cho thuee” vangf duwj truwx baats cuws lucs naof”. Hay nois cachs khacs, Greenspan ddax coong khai thuwaf nhaanj, neeus caanf thieets, gias vangf hoanf toanf nawmf duwowis suwj khoongs chees cuar cacs nhaf ngaan hangf trung uwowng. Thangs 3 nawm 1999, chieens tranh Kosovo bungf phats, tinhf hinhf ddax cos suwj thay ddooir. Cuoocj taapj kichs cuar khoois NATO chuwa theer ddatj hieeuj quar sowm nhuw mong muoons cuar cacs nhaf hoachj ddinhj chieens luwowcj, trong khi ddos, gias vangf khoong nguwngf leo thang. Mootj khi gias vangf lieen tucj tawng vaf bij maats kieemr soats thif cacs nhaf ngaan hangf taats yeeus phair gom vangf vowis gias cao treen thij truwowngf ddeer hoanf trar laij cho cacs ngaan hangf trung uwowng. Neeus thij truwowngf khoong cos nhieuf hangf hoas hoawcj nganhf sanr xuaats vangf laays sanr luwowngj vangf chuwa khai thacs duwosi longf ddaats ddeer lamf thees chaaps vaof canhr phas sanr, hoawcj truwx luwowngj vangf duwowis ddaats khoong ddur, thif khoong chir nhaf ngaan hangf quoocs tees phair ganhs chiuj toonr thaats nawngj neef maf khoanr duwj truwx vangf cuar cacs ngaan hangf trung uwowng cungx sex thieeus hutj traamf trongj. Neeus nhuw suwj vieecj baij looj thif aws sex cos ker phair buwowcs leen ddoanj ddaauf ddaif. Trong tinhf huoongs khaanr caaps nhuw vaayj, ngayf 7 thangs 5 nawm 1999, ngaan hangf Anh ddax phair ra tay.

Trong tinhf canhr nayf, thangs 9 nawm 1999, cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf trung uwowng chaau Aau ddax kys “thoar thuaanj Washington” nhawmf hanj chees toongr luwowngj vangf bans ra hoawcj cho thuee trong vongf nawm nawm towis cuar cacs nuwowcs. Tin tuwcs truyeenf ddi, laix suaats vangf “cho thuee” ddax nhayr votj tuwf 1% leen ddeens 9% trong vongf maays tieengs ddoongf hoof, khieens cho cacs nhaf sanr xuaats lamf khoongs vangf vaf sanr phaamr taif chinhs phais sinh cuar cacs nhaf daauf cow ddeeuf bij toonr thaats thamr haij. Thij truwowngf vangf sooi ddoongj gaanf 20 nawm cuoois cungf ddax chaams duwts thowif hoangf kim cuar minhf vaf mowr ra mootj tuwowng lai amr ddamj cho thij truwowngf hangf hoas. Nawm 1999 ddanhs daaus mootj buwowcs ngoawtj chieens luwowcj quan trongj treen chieens truwowngf vangf. Thowif ddieemr nayf dduwowcj vis nhuw mootj cuoocj chieens baor veej Volgagrad trong thees chieens thuws hai vaayj. Keer tuwf ddaay, cacs nhaf ngaan hangf vaanx chuwa theer gianhf dduwowcj thees chur ddoongj treen thij truwowngf vangf. Heej thoongs tieenf teej phaps ddinhj laays ddoongf USD lamf bieeur tuwowngj ddax phair luif buwowcs truwowcs suwj taans coong manhj mex cuar vangf. Ngoaif vieecj khoongs chees gias vangf, cacs nhaf ngaan hangf quoocs tees conf ddawtj neenf mongs cho cuoocj chieens truwowngf thuws hai – cuoocj chieens duw luaanj vaf cuoocj chieens hocj thuaatj. Thanhf coong lowns nhaats cuar cacs nhaf ngaan hangf quoocs tees chinhs laf vieecj “taayr naox” mootj cachs heej thoongs ddoois vowis giowis kinh tees hocj, daanx dawts giowis hocj thuaatj buwowcs vaof trof luwowngf gatj daan thuwowngf. Trong khi phaanf lowns cacs nhaf kinh tees hocj hieenj ddaij ddawtj ra caau hoir ddaayf nghi vaans veef coong dungj cuar vangf thif cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf quoocs tees laij camr thaays his huwngr ddieeuf ddos cos nghiax laf moij vieecj vaanx conf ddang nawmf trong taamf khoongs chees cuar hoj. Vaayj chees ddooj tieenf teej phaps ddinhj cos gif khoong toots? Khoong phair laf chungs ta ddax soongs duwowis chees ddooj tieenf teej phaps ddinhj nayf suoots 30 nawm rooif sao? Kinh tees khoong phair laf ddang phats trieenr nhuw thuwowngf ddos sao?

Caau trar lowif cuar John Exeter – nguyeen Phos Chur tichj ngaan hangf New York thuoocj Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx vaf phos chur tichj taapj ddoanf Hoa Kyf laf: Vowis mootj heej thoongs nhuw vaayj, chawngr cos quoocs gia naof caanf phair chi trar tieenf baor ddamr gias trij tieenf guwir cho mootj quoocs gia khacs. Bowir hoj khoong chiuj suwj trois buoocj cuar quy luaatj hoois ddoais (tieenf vangf). Chungs ta cos theer dungf tieenf giaays ddeer mua daauf, baats keer vowis soos luwowngj tieenf in laf bao nhieeu. Cacs nhaf kinh tees hocj ddax xem thuwowngf khats vongj cuar nhaan daan ddoois vowis mootj loaij tieenf teej cos theer dungf lamf taif sanr tichs truwx. Treen thuwcj tees, hoj ddax tuwf choois thuwaf nhaanj vangf laf tienf teej maf nhaanj ddinhj mootj cachs vox ddoans rawngf vangf chir laf mootj loaij hangf hoas phoor bieens gioongs nhuw chif hay kemx vaf chawngr cos vij tris gif trong heej thoongs tieenf teej. Thaamj chis hoj conf ddeef nghij Booj taif chinhs nguwngf tieeps tucj tichs truwx vangf ddoongf thowif tuwngf buwowcs bans thaos vangf ra thij truwowngf. Sau khi xuwr lys xong vangf, hoj bawts ddaauf tuyf ys xacs ddinhj gias trij cuar tieenf giaays. Hoj ddax khoong cho chungs ta bieets lamf thees naof maf thuws giaays nowj “IOU” luoon tawng truwowngf vowis toocs ddooj thaanf kyf laij cos theer thuwcj hieenj dduwowcj chuwcs nawng baor ddamr gias trij tieenf teej. Haauf nhuw hoj hoanf toanf khoong ys thuwcs dduwowcj rawngf vieecj dungf loaij tieenf giaays cos toocs ddooj phats trieenr sex cos ngayf taoj neen ganhs nawngj nowj naanf. Keynes vaf Friedman chir laf phieen banr cuar John Law trong thees kyr 20. Hoj ddax xem thuwowngf luaatj hoans ddooir tuwf tieenf giaays sang vangf vaf coos ys suwr dungj booj ocs cuar cacs nhaf kinh tees hocj hoawcj cacs chinhs trij gia cho vieecj in aans tieenf giaays. Hoj cho rawngf, ddieeuf nayf cos theer ddi nguwowcj vowis quy luaatj tuwj nhieen, taoj neen cuar cair theo cachs biaj ddawtj doois tras, trieetj tieeu chu kyf thuwowng maij, ddamr baor toanf daan luoon cos vieecj lamf vaf xax hooij maix maix phoonf thinhj. Ddieeeuf nayf cungx cos nghiax rawngf mootj soos nhaf kinh tees hocj naof ddos ddax ddawtj ra chinhs sachs theo khuynh huwowngs chinhs trij rieeng maf khoong caanf maoj hieemr tieen bacj cuar banr thaan hoj. Hoj suwr dungj tris tueej kieeur

John Law thowif ddos, nghiax laf uyeen bacs, tuyf ys quyeets ddinhj chinhs sachs tieenf teej, taif chinhs, thu thuees, thuwowng maij, gias car, thu nhaapj, vaf thaamj chis conf nois cho cungs ta bieets rawngf nhuwngx ddieeuf nayf laf toots nhaats cho chungs ta. Nhuw vaayj hoj ddax ddieeuf khieenr neenf kinh tees vi moo cuar chungs ta. Ddaij dda soos nhuwngx nhaf kinh tees hocj hieenj nay ddeeuf laf nhuwngx nguwowif dduwowcj cacs hocj trof cuar Keynes “booif duwowngx” vaf “huaans luyeenj”, bao goomf car nhuwngx nguwowif ddax gianhf dduwowcj giair thuwowngr Nobel nhuw Paul A. Samuelson – tacs giar cuar cuoons giaos trinfh “Kinh tees hocj” noois tieengs. Trong giaos trinhf cuar oong ddaayf raayx nhuwngx coong thuwcs soos hocj vaf cacs loaij bieeur ddoof. Nhuwng khi ddocj ddeens quan ddieemr cuar oong ddoois vowis vangf, nguwowif ta mowis phats hieenj ra rawngf, cachs nhinf cuar oong ta haauf nhuw chawngr cos gias trij lichj suwr naof maf tor ra heets suwcs noong canj. Oong laf mootj truwowngf howpj ddieenr hinhf cuar giowis hocj thuaatj thees kyr 20 – nhuwngx nguwowif coi thuwowngf vieecj nghieen cuwus lichj suwr cuar vangf, hoawcj laf vif mootj soos lys do naof ddos maf chonj cachs coos ys xem thuwowgnf (12) (Ferdinand Lips, Cuoocj chieens vangf. Traanj chieens choongs laij tieenf teej tuwf cachs nhinf cuar nguwowif Thuyj Six (Gold War, The Battle Against Sound Money as Seen From a Swiss Perspective) - New York: The Foundation for the Advancement of Monetary Education 2001, tr. 86, 87).Trong mootj baif binhf luaanj nooir tieengs veef vangf sau nawm 1968, Samuelson ddax nois thees nayf: “Cuoois cungf vangf ddax bij tieenf teej hoas hoanf toanf. Gias trij cuar nos hoanf toanf do quan heej cung caauf quyeets ddinhj, cungx chawngr khacs gif ddoongf, luas machj, bacj hay muoois car. Neeus nhuw ddax mua vangf vowis gias 55 USD/ounce vaf bans ra vowis gias 68 USD/ounce, mootj tuf truwowngr owr vungf Trung Ddoong nhaats ddinhj sex kieems dduwowcj boonj tieenf. Nhuwng neeus nhuw mua vaof vowis gias 55 USD/ounce maf bans thaos ra vowis gias 38,5 dollar thaamj chis laf 33 USD/ ounce thif ddamr baor rawngf oong ta sex thua ddeens muwcs chawngr conf aos maf mawcj”. Samuelson tin rawngf, mootj khi vangf bij haats vawng khoir heej thoongs tieenf teej thif nhu caauf ddoois vowis vangf chir hanj chees

trong maays loaij nhu caauf coong nghieepj raats nhor nhuw nganhf trang suwcs. Cho neen, ngayf 15 thangs 8 nawm 1971, sau khi Nixon ddongs cuwar vangf, hieepj uwowcs Bretton Woods khoong conf hieeuj luwcj thif vangf ddax khoong conf laf tieenf teej nuwax, vaf cungx chawngr conf ai caanf ddeens vangf nuwax. Ddeens nawm 1973, vij giaos suw nayf cho rawngf, muwcs 75 USD/ ounce vangf nawm 1972 nhaats ddinhj sex khoong duy trif dduwowcj laau cuoois cungf gias vangf cos theer rowts xuoongs muwcs duwowis 35 USD/ ounce. Ddieeuf khieens vij giaos suw nayf ngongj mieengj chinhs laf bayr nawm sau, gias vangf tawng votj leen ddeens 850 USD/ ounce. May laf Samuelson khoong giuwx chuwcs giams ddoocs Quyx ddoois xung cuar phoos Wall, neeus khoong thif thuws maf oong ta maats ddax khoong chir laf quaanf aos treen nguwowif.

7. Canhr baos caaps I: Nawm 2004, Rothschild ruts khoir heej thoongs ddinhj gias vangf

Nguoonf goocs cuar moij quyeenf luwcj ddeeuf theer hieenj owr quyeenf ddinhj gias thoong qua quas trinhf khoongs chees gias car ddeer thuwcj hieenj phuwowng thuwcs phaan phoois cuar cair theo kieeur “lowij minhf, haij nguwowif”. Vieecj tranh gianhf quyeenf ddinhj gias cungx khoocs lieetj nhuw suwj tranh gianhf ddiaj vij ddees vuwowng vaayj vaf luoon chuwas ddaayf nhuwngx aam muwu doois tras. Hieems khi gias car mootj tuw cachs tuwj nhieen, phias chieems uwu thees voons dix khoong tuwf baats cuws thur ddoanj naof ddeer baor veej lowij ichs cuar minhf, vaf ddieeuf nayf chawngr cos suwj khacs bieetj naof veef banr chaats so vowis chieens tranh. Ddeer banf veef vaans ddeef gias car, chungs ta caanf phair lieen tuwowngr towif vieecj nghieen cuwus chieens tranh nhawmf tieeps caanj dduwowcj hinhf anhr goocs cuar dsuwj vieecj. Ddawtj ra gias car, laatj nguwowcj gias car, bops meos gias car, thao tungs gias car ddeeuf laf keets quar cuar nhuwngx cuoocj ddoj suwcs quyeets lieetj lawpj ddi lawpj laij giuwax nhuwngx nguwowif trong cuoocj. Neeus khoong cos yeeus toos con nguwowif lamf boois canhr tham chieeus thif chungs ta khoong theer hieeur rox quyx ddaoj hinhf thanhf gias car. Ddieeuf thus vij laf car nguwowif ngooif owr vij tris oong chur phats hieeuj leenhj laanx soos ddoong nhuwngx ker phucj tungf ddeeuf cos

camr giacs ddau nhuw hoanj. Xets tuwf gocs ddooj vangf, ai khoongs chees dduwowcj cacs nhaf buoon vangf lowns treen thees giowis thif nguwowif ddos khoongs chees dduwowcj gias vangf. Khoongs chees laf vieecj lamf cho cacs nhf buoon vangf chur ddoongj hoawcj bij ddoongj chaaps nhaanj suwj sawps ddawtj caaps cao hown veef quyeenf luwcj vif lowij ichs hoawcj do bij eps buoocj. Trong gaanf 200 nawm keer tuwf cuoocj chieens tranh Napoleon nawm 1815, gia toocj Rothschild ddax ddoatj dduwowcj quyeenf ddinhj gias vangf. Theer chees ddinhj gias vangf hieenj ddaij dduwowcj ban boos vaof ngayf 12 thangs 9 nawm 1919, khi nawm ddaij bieeur cuar cacs taapj ddoanf taif chinhs lowns tuj taapj owr ngaan hangf Rothschild. Lucs nayf, gias vangf dduwowcj ddinhj owr muwcs 4 bangr 18 shiling 9 penny, tuwcs laf khoangr 7,5 USD. Ddeens nawm 1968, vieecj ddinhj gias vangf vaanx khoong heef thay ddooir, duf ddax suwr dungj ddoongf USD ddeer xacs ddinhj muwcs gias vangf. Ngoaif gia toocj Rothschild conf cos cacs ddaij dieenj cuar Mocatta & Goldsmid, Pixley & Abell, Samuel Montagu & Co., Sharps Wilkins tham gia vaof vieecj ddinhj gias vangf laanf thuws nhaats. Sau ddos, trong nhieeuf nawm lieenf, gia toocj Rothschild ddongs vai trof Chur tichj kieem ddown vij chur trif trieeuj taapj cuoocj hopj. Keer tuwf ddos, nawm vij ddaij bieeur howpj mawtj hai laanf mootj ngayf owr ngaan hangf Rothschild ddeer thaor luaanj veef gias vangf. Bawts ddaauf phieen giao dichj, chur tichj ra gias vangf, sau ddos gias nayf dduwowcj chuyeenr ddeens cacs sanf giao dichj bawngf ddieenj thoaij. Sau khi xacs ddinhj dduwowcj luwowngj nhu caauf vaf cawn cuws vaof gias thoar thuaanj giuwax been mua vaf bans, chur tichj tuyeen boos gias vangf dduwowcj “xacs laapj” (The London Good Fix). Chees ddooj ddinhj gias vangf nayf dduwowcj vaanj hanhf lieen tucj maix ddeens nawm 2004. Ngayf 14 thangs 4 nawm 2004, dongf hoj Rothschild ddootj nhieen ruts lui khoir heej thoongs ddinhj gias vangf London. Tin nayf laapj tuwcs lamf chaans ddoongj cacs nhaf ddaauf tuw treen toanf thees giowis. David Rothschild giair thichs rawngf: “thu nhaapj trong giao dichj (bao goomf car vangf) cuar chungs tooi owr thij truwowngf hangf hoas London trong thowif gian 5 nawm qua ddax giamr xuoongs ddeens muwcs chuwa bawngf 1% toongr thu nhaapj cuar chungs tooi. Xets tuwf gocs ddooj

phaan tichs chieens luwowcj, kinh doanh vangf ddax khoong conf laf nghieepj vuj chinhs cuar chungs tooi nuwax, vif thees chungs tooi quyeets ddinhj ruts lui khoir thij truwowngf nayf”. Ngayf 16 thangs 4, towf Financial Times cuar Anh laapj tuwcs phuj hoaj rawngf, “Ddungs nhuw Keynes ddax tuwngf nois, “di tichs dax man” nayf (vangf) ddang trowr thanhf buij traanf cuar lichj suwr. Vieecj gia toocj Rothschild ruts khoir thij truwowngf vangf ddax khieens cho Ngaan hangf Phaps “chanhr” laf thees cungx phair caan nhawcs kho duwj truwx vangf cuar minhf. Vangf trong vai trof cuar sanr phaamr ddaauf tuw, vangf ddang ddeens hooif giayx cheets”. Khoong chir vaayj, ngayf 1 thangs 6, taapj ddoanf AIG – mootj teen tuooir laayx luwngf treen thij truwowngf giao dichj bacj trawngs- ddax tuyeen boos ruts lui khoir heej thoongs ddinhj gias bacj, tuwj nguyeenj giangs caaps xuoongs lamf nhaf giao dichj binhf thuwowngf. Car hai vieecj nayf ddeeuf cos ver heets suwcs kyf quawcj. Lex naof dongf hoj Rothschild ddax thaatj suwj xem nhej vangf? Neeus khoong phair thif taij sao hoj khoong ruts lui vaof thowif ddieemr gias vangf xuoongs ddeens ddieemr thaaps nhaats trong lichj suwr vaof nawm 1999 maf laij phair ruwar tay gacs kieems vaof thowif ddieemr gias vangf ddang thinhj nhuw nawm 2004? Mootj khar nawng khacs chinhs laf gias bacj cuoois cungf sex maats kieemr soats, vaf mootj khi aam muwu khoongs chees gias vngf vaf bacj bij baij looj thif nguwowif nawms quyeenf khoongs chees sex trowr thanhf ker thuf chung cuar thees giowis. Cawts dduwts moois quan heej vowis vangf mootj cachs ddootj ngootj, gia toocj Rothschild sex tranhs dduwowcj suwj nguyeenf ruar cuar nguwowif ddowif neeus nhuw muwowif nawm sau gias vangf bacj cos trucj trawcj. Dduwngf queen rawngf, tuwf truwowcs towis nay, gia toocj Rothschild luoon nawms giuwx mangj luwowis tinhf baos chieens luwowcj cos hieeuj suaats cao nhaats, bis maatj nhaats treen thees giowis. Nhaf Rothschild nawms giuwx nhuwngx nguoonf thoong tin quys gias nhaat, tuyeetj maatj nhaats. Muwu cao kees hieemr coongj theem nguoonf taif chinhs khoongr loof cungx nhuw khar nawng thu thaapj, phaan tichs thoong tin mootj cachs hieeuj quar ddax giups cho gia toocj nayf nawms giuwx soos phaanj cuar thees giowis tuwf hown 200 nawm qua.

Vieecj gia toocj nayf ddootj ngootj tuyeen boos ruts lui khoir thij truowwngf vangf – mootj thij truwonwgf beos bowr maf hoj ddax lao taam khoor tuws trong suoots 200 nawm qua – ddax khoong conf laf chuyeenj binhf thuwowngf.

8. Ngayf taanj thees cuar neenf kinh tees bong bongs. Ddeer taoj neen suwj baats manx cuar quoocs tees ddoois vowis Trung Quoocs ddoongf thowif hongf che daaus muwu ddoof tawng gias daauf ddeer kichs thichs nhu caauf ddoois vowis ddoongf USD, trucj phoos Wall – London khawng khawng cho rawngf, nguyeen nhaan cuar vieecj maats caan ddoois trong cung caauf gias daauf trong thowif gian gaanf ddaay xuaats xuws tuwf suwj phats trieenr quas nongs cuar neenf kinh tees Trung Quoocs. Heetj nhuw nawm 1973, giowis taif phieetj phoos Wall – London ddax tawng gias daauf leen 400% ddeer kichs thichs nhu caauf ddoois vowis ddoongf USD ddoongf thowif ddoor toanf booj trachs nhieemj veef vieecj tawng gias daauf cho chinhs sachs caams vaanj daauf mor cuar cacs quoocs gia Trung Ddoong. Tuwf nhuwngx nawm 70, do vangf bij “giam longr”, thij truwowngf chuwngs khoans thees giowis vaf thij truwowngf hangf hoas chur luwcj tawng giamr nguwowcj chieeuf nhau. Thaapj nieen 70, thij truwowngf hangf hoas chur luwcj cuwcj kyf sooi ddoongj, trong khi thij truwowngf chuwngs khoans laij suy supj trong thowif gian ddos. Trong suoots 18 nawm lieenf keer tuwf ddaauf thaapj nieen 80, thij truwowngf chuwngs khoans sa suts manhj, nhuwng lucs nayf, thij truwowngf hangf hoas chur luwcj laij tawng truwowngr manhj mex. Tuy nhieen, bawts ddaauf tuwf nawm 2001, cungf vowis suwj phats trieenr manhj mex cuar thij truwowngf hangf hoas chur luwcj, cacs thij truwowngf khacs nhuw coor phieeus, cho vay tins dungj, baats ddoongj sanr, thij truwowngf taif chinhs phais sinh cungx ddoongf booj tawng truwowngr manhj. Xets owr khias canhj beef ngoaif thif cos ver nhuw ddoongf USD tawng gias trij, nhuwng treen thuwcj tees, do coong nowj ddoongf dollar taoj ra maf moij khoanr nowj ddeeuf ddeens hanj phair chi trar laix suaats, keets quar laf, chir caanf tawng theem suwcs chuwas, chieecs vof dduwngj car thij truwowngf hangf hoas chur luwcj laanx thij truwowngf chuwngs khoans cos theer tieeu hoas heets luwowngj dollar duw thuwaf. Tuy nhiee, vif quas nhieeuf neen ddoongf USD ddax tranf ra ngoaif chieecs vof nayf.

Vaans ddeef laf lamf thees naof ddeer timf dduwowcj chieecs vof cos suwcs chuwas lowns nhuw thees. Cacs thieen taif phoos Wall bawts ddaauf banf luaanj veef khais nieemj dung luwowngj voo hanj cuar thij truwowngf taif chinhs phais sinh. Hoj lieen tieeps tung ra thij truwowngf cacs “sanr phaamr taif chinhs” mowis vowis soos luwowngj lowns. Hoj khoong chir nghix ddeens tieenf teej, coong trais, hangf hoas, coor phieeus, tins dungj, laix suaats, maf conf sangs taoj ra nhuwngx trof chowi mowis vaf treen cow sowr lys luaanj nayf, hoj cos theer ddem suwj toots xaaus cuar mooix ngayf trong mootj nawm tuwowng lai rooif dans nhanx ddoongf USD leen ddeer bans ra thij truwowngf. Tuwowng tuwj, hoj cos theer ddem mooix giowf trong mooix ngayf cuar 100 nawm trong tuwowng lai thees giowis, thaamj chis laf car ddoongj ddaats, nuis luwar, lux lutj, hanj hans, hoar hoanj, beenhj dichj truyeenf nhieemx, tai nanj giao thoong, hoon nhaan ma chay….ddeer bieens thanhf”sanr phaamr taif chinhs phais sinh” vaf ddangf hoangf giao dichj treen thij truwowngf taif chinhs. Vif vaayj, cos theer nois rawngf, thij truwowngf taif chinhs phais sinh chinhs laf thuws sanr phaamr mang tinhs voo hanj ddinhj. Ddieeuf thus vij laf, luaanj ddieeuj nayf its nhieeuf cos nets tuwowng ddoongf vowis suwj coos Y2K voons dduwowcj ddaayr ddeens cuwcj ddieemr trong nawm 1999, khi cacs nhaf phaan tichs phoos Wall tuyeen boos mootj cachs chawcs nichj rawngf caanf phair phaan phoois ddiaj chir IP ddeens mooix hatj cats treen trais ddaats nayf. Trong khi nguwowif ddowif ddang leen cown “soots” cao nhuw vaayj thif baox taps taif chinhs cungx ddax caanj keef trong gang taacs. Gias vangf tawng manhj vaf lieen tucj sex voo tinhf ddaayr laix suaats nowj vay daif hanj cuar Myx leen cao, do cacs nhaf ngaan hangf quoocs tees ddax chaof bans ra thij truwongf taif chinhs howpj ddoongf “baor hieemr laix suaats” leen ddeens maays trawm nghinf tyr USD, ddamr baor laix suaats daif hanj sex khoong tawng leen, nhuwng mootj khi laix suaats nowj daif hanj bij eps bowir gias vangf thif cacs nhaf ngaan hangf quoocs tees sex ddeer looj muwu ddoof cuar hoj do longf tham cuar banr thaan taoj ra. Mucj tieeu ddaauf tieen laf thij truwowngf sanr phaamr taif chinhs phais sinh – quar bong bongs phinhf to sieeu caaps cuar “laix suaats vuwowtj kyf” trij gias 74 nghinf tyr USD (chir tings rieeng soos lieeuj dduwowcj

ngaan hangf thuwowng nghieepj Myx coong boos). Cacs doanh nghieepj dduwowcj nhaf nuwowcs baor trowrj vowis 3,5% voons trong tay sex chawngr khacs naof truwngs ddeer ddaauf gaayj. Vowis suwj sutj giamr gias vangf ddootj ngootj, muwcs dao ddoongj laix suaats cuar coong trais sex bieens ddoongj khacs thuwowngf, phongf tuyeens ddoois xung laix suaats yeeus owts cuar cacs doanh nghieepj dduwowcj nhaf nuwowcs baor trowj sex bij phas vowx truwowcs tieee, coong trais ngawns hanj cuar cacs doanh nghieepj nayf trij gias 4 nghinf tyr dollars sex hoanf toanf maats ddi tinhs thanh khoanr chir trong thowif gian ngawns. Cungf rowi vaof thamr canhr conf cos oong chur cuar Morgan – ker chuyeen lungx ddoanj thij truwowngf taif chinhs phais sinh vaf thij truwowngf phais sinh vangf. Nhuw vaayj, hoj buoocj phair timf cachs xoay chuyeenr cucj dieenj aps chees gias vangf vaf laix suaats daif hanj. Vieecj thij truwowngf taif chinhs phais sinh supj ddoor truwowcs tieen sex lamf giamr tinhs thanh khoanr cuar cacs sanr phaamr taif chinhs tieenf teej. Ngay khi ys ddoof bans thaos cacs loaij “howpj ddoongf baor hieemr” hieenj cos trong tay cacs nhaf ddaauf tuw thees giowis trowr – thanhf hieenj thuwcj, neenf tangr cuar nhuwngx sanr phaamr phais sinh nhuw tieenf teej, coong trais, hangf hoas, daauf mor, coor phieeus sex ddoongf thowif bij anhr huwowngr theo hieeuj uwngs domino, tinhs thanh khoanr cuar thij truwowngf taif chinhs quoocs tees sex bungf phats khungr hoangr treen quy moo lowns. Ddeer cuwus vanx ddoongs hoang tanf cuar thij truwowngf taif chinhs voons heets thuoocs chuwax, Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx buoocj phair phats hanhf theem ddoongf dollar vowis soos luwowngj lowns. Ngay khi maays chucj nghinf tyr dollar dduwowcj phats hanhf theem nhuw songs bieenr dooij vaof neenf kinh tees thees giowis, thif neenf kinh tees toanf caauf sex rowi vaof canhr hoonx loanj. Sau 30 nawm keer tuwf khi ngaan hangf quoocs tees aam muwu loaij bor banr vij vangf, nuwowcs Myx ddax duwj chi 80% luwowngtj tichs luyx cuar thees giowis. Ddeens nayf, mooix ngayf nuwowcs Myx caanf “huts” mootj khoanr tichs luyx 2 tyr dollar tuwf cow theer nguwowif daan cacs nuwowcs treen thees giowis ddeer cos theer khieens cho “coox mays kinh tees vinhx cuwur” cuar nuwowcs nayf vaanj hanhf tieeps dduwowcj, toocs ddooj tawng cuar cacs khoanr nowj vaf laix suaats cuar nuwowcs

Myx ddax vuwowtj raats xa suwcs tawng truwowngr cuar neenf kinh tees thees giowis. Ddeens khi moij nguoonf tichs luyx vangf bacj cuar cacs quoocs gia bij ruts sachj thif cungx chinhs laf ngayf taanj thees cuar neenf taif chinhs thees giowis. Lieeuj ngayf ddos cos ddeens hay khoong? Vaans ddeef khoong phair laf cos hay khoong, maf laf thowif gian naof vaf cachs thuwcs ra sao. Heej thoongs bong bongs USD thoatj nhinf thif cos ver ddoof sooj nhuwng hieemr hoaj cuar nos chinhs laf nawmf owr hai chuwx longf tin. Vaf vangf chinhs laf ngons ddonf “nhaats duwowng chir” ddax ddieemr trungs huyeetj vij nayf.

Phaanf XMUWU CHUYEENJ LAAU DAIF

Cungx gioongs nhuw tuwj do, vangf chuwa bao giowf chiuj khuaats phucj ddeens muwcs phair haj thaaps gias trij cuar nos. Maurier - 1878.Nawm 1850, London dduwowcj coi laf vaangf thais duwowng cuar heej thoongs taif chinhs thees giowis. Nawm 1850, New York ddax trowr thanhf trung taam taif chinhs toanf caauf. Vaayj nawm 2050, thanhf phoos naof sex chieems ngooi bas chur taif chinhs quoocs tees? Kinh nghieemj cuar loaif nguwowif trong lichj suwr ddax chuwngs tor rawngf, nhuwngx quoocs gia hoawcj khu vuwcj ddang nooir luoon taoj ra nhuwngx gias trij to lowns veef cuar cair vaatj chaats vowis mootj suwcs sanr xuaats dooif daof hown nhawmf baor ddamr nguoonf cuar cair cuar minhf khoong bij luwcj luwowngj tieenf teej rer matj cuar ker khacs tuwowcs ddoatj maats trong quas trinhf giao dichj. Nhuwngx khu vuwcj nayf luoon cos ddoongj luwcj nooij taij duy trif nguoonf tieenf teej, gioongs nhuw ddoongf bangr Anh bawngf vangf vuwngx chawcs trong thees kyr 19 hay ddoongf dollar Myx bawngf bacj vaf vangf thoongs soais toanf caauf trong thees kyr 20. Xuwa nay, cuar cair thees giowis luoon tuwj ddoongj chayr veef nowi cos theer ddamr baor gias trij cuar chungs. Heej thoongs tieenf teej vuwngx chawcs thucs ddaayr manhj mex suwj phaan coong xax hooij vaf suwj phaan boos howpj lys nguoonf voons

cungx nhuw taif nguyeen thij truowwngf, tuwf ddos maf hinhf thanhf neen keets caaus kinh tees cangf cos hieeuj quar hown, cuar cair dduwowcj sangs taoj ra cangf nhieeuf hown. Nguwowcj laij, khi mootj quoocs gia cuwowngf thinhj bawts ddaauf ddoois mawtj vowis suwj phas sanr, suwcs sanr xuaats cuar xax hooij khoong nguwngf giamr suts, nhuwngx khoanr chi chinhs phur hoawcj chi phis chieens tranh khoongr loof daanf daanf vets sachj moij suwj tichs luyx tuwf truwowcs, chinhs phur sex bawts ddaauf chieens luwowcj giamr gais tieenf teej hongf thoats khoir nhuwngx khoanr nowj choongf chaats ddoongf thowif dducj khoets cuar cair cuar nhaan daan. Lucs nayf, cuar cair khoong theer chayr nguwowcj ra ngoaif timf ddeens nhuwngx nowi cos theer che chowr cho nos. Vieecj tieenf teej cos vuwngx manhj hay khoong ddax trowr thanhf mootj daaus hieeuj xuaats hieenj ddaauf tieen phanr anhs suwj thinhj suy cuar mootj quoocs gia. Nawm 1914, khi ngaan hangf Anh tuyeen boos ddinhf chir vieecj hoans ddooir vangf cuar ddoongf bangr Anh thif suwj hungf manhj cuar ddees quoocs Anh ddax mootj ddi khoong trowr laij. Nawm 1971, khi Nixon ddown phuwowng ddongs cuwar thij truwowngf vangf thif thowif hoangf kim cuar Hoa Kyf chir conf laf hoaif nieemj. Nooij luwcj cuar nuwowcs Anh ddax tieeu tan mootj cachs nhanh chongs trong khois luwar cuar cuoocj chieens tranh thees giowis laanf thuws nhaats, conf nuwowcs Myx thif may mawns cos theer duy trif suwj phoonf vinh trong khoangr thowif gian ngawns khi thees giowis khoong cos nhuwngx cuoocj chieens tranh lowns. Nhuwng thuwcj tees chir laf hieenj tuwowngj “manhj baoj xos beeps” nhuw chao oong ta vaanx thuwowngf nois. Nhinf tuwf gocs ddooj lichj suwr, chungs ta thaays rawngf, quoocs gia naof thao tungs thij truwowngf, haj gias tieenf teej hongf luwaf gatj chieems ddoatj cuar cair thif cuoois cungf cungx sex bij cuar cair ddef bepj.

1. Tieenj teej: Thuwowcs ddo cuar kinh tees thees giowisTieenf teej laf thuwowcs ddo cow banr nhaats, hatj nhaan nhaats trong taats car cacs linhx vuwcj kinh tees, vaif trof cuar tieenf teej cungx gioongs nhwu cacs ddaij luwowngj ddo luwowngf quan trongj nhaats nhuw kilogam, mets, giaay trong thees giowis vaatj lys vaayj. Mooix mootj heej thoongs tieenf teej ddeeuf dao ddoongj manhx lieetj mooix

ngayf, vaf gioongs nhuw ddinhj nghiax kilogam, mets, giaay, heej thoongs tieenf teej chuwas dduwngj nhuwngx sai laamf voo lys. Neeus cos thuwowcs ddos trong tay maf ddooj daif ngawns ngayf nayf chawngr gioongs ngayf kia thif cacs coong trinhf suw phair lamf thees naof ddeer thi coong mootj toaf cao oocs cao ddeens maays chucj taang? Vaf cho duf xaay duwngj dduwowcj ddi nuwax thif ai dams vaof owr? Neeus nhuw tieeu chuaanr thowif gian tinhs bawngf giaay trong thi ddaaus theer thao cuws thay ddooir xoanhf xoachj mootj cachs tuyf tieenj thif vaanj ddoongj vieen lamf sao cos theer thuwcj hieenj vieecj so sanhs thanhf tichs thi ddaaus owr nhuwngx cuoocj ddaaus khacs nhau? Neeus nhuw quar caan tieeu chuaanr cuar mootj thuwowng gia voons dduwowcj moij nguwowif tin dungf nhuwng mooix ngayf laij dduwowcj chur nhaan cuar nos thay ddooir mootj chuts (khieens caan khoong conf oonr ddinhj vaf chinhs xacs nuwax), thif conf ai dams lamf awn vowis oong ta? Mootj trong nhuwngx vaans ddeef cawn banr cuar kinh tees thees giowis ngayf nay chinhs laf khoong cos mootj tieeu chuaanr ddo luwowngf tieenf teej oonr ddinhj vaf howpj lys, do ddos chinhs phur khoong theer tinhs toans chinhs xacs cacs quy moo cuar ddowif soongs kinh tees, doanh nghieepj khos phans ddoans chinhs xacs tinhs howpj lys trong ddaauf tuw daif hanj, baats cuws suwj quy hoachj daif hanj naof cuar nguwowif daan ddoois vowis taif sanr ddeeuf maats ddi heej tham chieeus an toanf. Vai trof cuar tieenf teej ddoois vowis neenf kinh tees duwowis suwj thao tungs tuyf tieenj vaf vox ddoans cuar cacs ngaan hangf ddax lamf sai leechj suwj phaan phoois howpj lys cuar nguoonf voons thij truwowngf mootj cachs nghieem trongj. Khi tinhs toans lowij nhuaanj cuar vieecj ddaauf tuw coor phieeus, coong trais, baats ddoongj sanr, sanr xuaats, maauj dichj hangf hoas, haauf nhuw moij nguwowif chawngr theer naof hachj toans chinhs xacs lowij nhuaanj ddaauf tuw, bowir vif raats khos tinhs dduwowcj muwcs ddooj co laij trong suwcs mua cuar tieenf teej. Tuwf nawm 1971, sau khi thoats ly hoanf toanf khoir vang, suwcs mua cuar ddoongf USD ddax giamr xuoongs 94,4%, mootj USD ngayf nay chir ddangs gias 5,6 cent cuar thowif kyf ddaauf nhuwngx nawm 70.

“Hooj mootj vanj ddoongf” laf tieeu chis giauf cos trong thaapj nieen 80 owr Trung Quoocs, conf trong thaapj nieen 90, thuaatj nguwx nayf chir buwcs binhf quaan thu nhaapj thanhf thij, theo ddos, giowf ddaay, nguwowif naof cos muwcs thu nhaapj gia ddinhf hangf nawm vaof khoangr mootj vanj ddoongf thif ddax cos theer dduwowcj xeeps vaof loaij “hooj ngheof”. Cacs nhaf kinh tees hocj chir “quan taam” towis muwcs ddooj lamj phats cuar vaatj gias tieeu dungf, nhuwng hieenj tuwowngj lamj phats tieenf teej tuw sanr cao ddeens muwcs khieens nguwowif ta khieeps sowj thif laij chawngr cos ai chus ys. Chees ddooj tieenf teej nhuw vaayj laf suwj nghieem trij tanf khoocs ddoois vowis nguwowif tichs luyx, vaf ddieeuf nayf giair thichs lys do taij sao cho duf thij truwowngf coor phieeus vaf baats ddoongj sanr heets suwcs nguy hieemr neeus nhuw khoong ddaauf tuw, nguwowif ta sex cangf laam vaof canhr nguy hieemr hown. Khi mua nhaf, nguwowif mua dduwowcj ngaan hangf caaps cho mootj towf giaays dduwowcj goij laf bieen nhaanj nowj. Cacs ngaan hangf chawngr cos nhieeuf tieenf nhuwng laij cos theer taoj ra tieenf, vaf towf bieen laij nowj laapj tuwcs bij heej thoongs ngaan hangf “tieenf teej hoas” khieens cho luwowngj tieenf luwu thoong treen thij truwowngf tawng leen chongs mawtj, ddaayr muwcs vaatj gias binhf quaan cuar toanf xax hooij leen cao, ddawcj bieetj laf trong linhx vuwcj nhaf ddaats. Cho neen, khi khoong cos cacs khoanr vay baats ddoongj sanr thif gias nhaf khoong theer cos muwcs cao nhuw vaayj, vaf mawcj duf ngaan hangf tuyeen boos rawngf hoj giups nguwowif daan ganhs vacs chi phis nhaf owr, nhuwng keets quar thif hoanf toanf nguwowcj laij. Cacs khoanr cho vay baats ddoongj sanr cuar ngaan hangf cungx chawngr khacs gif thu nhaapj trong 30 nawm towis cuwar nhuwng boongx duwng “boocs howi” trong choocs lats. Vaf nhuw vaayj, gias nhaf cuwar, thij truwowngf coor phieeus, thij truwowngf tins dungj cos lys naof khoong tawng ddootj bieens? Ngay sau khi moij cuar cair tichs luyx trong 30 nawm towis cuar nguwowif daan boocs howi heets, baats ddoongj sanr cungx trowr neen cao chots vots towis muwcs nguwowif cos thu nhaapj binhf thuwowngf khoong theer naof vowis towis dduwowcj. Nhawmf giups nguwowif daan cos theer ganhs vacs nhuwngx khoanr nowj vaf choongs choij vowis tinhf hinhf cawng thawngr veef gias baats ddoongj

sanr, cacs nhaf ngaan hangf ddax this ddieemr “suwj cachs taan vix ddaij” cuar “cuar khoanr nowj baats ddoongj sanr suoots ddowif” taij Anh vaf Myx. Nuwowcs Anh ddax dduwa ra khoanr vay baats ddoongj sanr ddeens 50 nawm, conf owr bang California cuar Myx, nguwowif ta ddang chuaanr bij thuwr nghieemj vieecj thees chaaps taif sanr keos daif 45 nawm. Vaf neeus nhuw vieecj this nghieemj nayf thu dduwowcj thanhf coong thif cacs khoanr vay muwownj sex xuaats hieenj vowis quy moo lowns hown, thij truwowngf baats ddoongj sanr sex chaof ddons mootj “muaf xuaan xans lanj” hown, trong khi nhuwngx nguwowif vay nowj ngaan hangf sex bij trois chawtj suoots ddowif vaof cacs khoanr nowj nayf, conf nhuwngx nguwowif khoong mua nhaf thif cangf ngheof xow xacs. Vaayj neeus nhuw buwax tieecj nowj 50 nawm cuar daan vaanx khoong theer lamf no bungj cacs nhaf ngaan hangf thif sao? Chir e rawngf, sex cos ngayf cacs hinhf thuwcs “vay khees chaaps vuwowtj thowif ddaij” theo kieeur “nowj cha con trar”, “nowj oong chaus trar” cungx sex dduwowcj taoj ra. Trong khi khoanr duwj truwx hoois ddoais 1 nghinf tyr dollars khieens nguwowif ta haan hoan thif cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf laij caanf phair phats hanhf theem 8 nghinf tyr nhaan daan teej ddeer mua nhuwngx “bieen lai nowj cuar nuwowcs Myx”. Neeus ddi vaof luwu thoong trong heej thoongs ngaan hangf thif toanf booj soos tieenf phats hanhf theem nayf sex dduwowcj phongs ddaij leen gaaps 6 laanf. Nois chung laf caanf phair hoanf trar laix suaats coong trais quoocs gia, nhuwng vaans ddeef laf ai sex hoanf trar? Caau trar lowif laf: nguwowif daan ddongs thuees. Khi giaos ducj vaf y tees cungx dduwowcj tieens hanhf “coong nghieepj hoas” vaf choocs lats bieens thanhf “taif sanr ddoocj chieems” trong chees ddooj taif nguyeen coong coongj cuar xax hooij thif lowij nhuaanj cuar nos cos lys naof khoong tawng votj? Trong khi chuwngs cuws giao dichj giuwax cacs coong ty trowr thanhf loaij “giaays nowj”, ngaan hangf sex thu mua nhuwngx thuws “giaays nowj” nayf vowis mootj muwcs chieets khaaus nhaats ddinhj ddeer lamf “taif sanr” cuar ngaan hangf, ddoongf thowif “sangs taoj ra” tieenf teej mowis. Trong khi nguwowif daan dungf ther tins dungj ddeer chi tieeu thif mooix mootj towf giaays cos chuwx kys phias sau ddeeuf trowr thanhf mootj

towf giaays nowj, mooix towf giaays nowj ddeeuf trowr thanhf “taif sanr” cuar ngaan hangf, mooix khoanr “taif sanr” cuar ngaan hangf ddeeuf trowr thanhf tieenf teej phats hanhf theem, hay nois cachs khacs, mooix laanf quets ther laf mootj laanf nguwowif ta taoj ra tieenf teej mowis. Nowj, nowj, vaf nowj. Ddoongf nhaan daan teej ddang truwowtj nhanh xuoongs vuwcj saau cuar ddoongf tieenf nowj. Nhuwng ddieeuf khacs vowis Myx laf Trung Quoocs chuwa cos thij truwowngf coong cuj taif chinhs phais sinh “phats ddatj” nhuw cuar Myx ddeer cos theer haaps thu nhuwngx khoanr tieenf phats hanhf theem nayf. Suwj tranf lan cos tinhs luwu ddoongj nayf sex taapj trung vaof thij truwowngf baats ddoongj sanr vaf thij truwowngf tins dungj hay coor phieeus, haauf nhuw chawngr cos thur ddoanj naof cos theer khoongs chees hieeuj quar nanj “lamj phats tieenf teej tuw sanr sieeu caaps” trong nhuwngx linhx vuwcj nayf. Caau chuyeenj thaanf thoaij veef thij truwowngf coor phieeus, suwj nongs bongr cuar baats ddoongj sanr nawm ddos cuar Nhaatj sex tais hieenj owr Trung Quoocs. Cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf quoocs tees ddang chowf ddowij mootj vowr kichj hay tuwf quar bongs sieeu hangj cuar neenf kinh tees Ddoong As khacs. Khi nois rawngf neenf kinh tees Trung Quoocs khos lamf neen trof troongs gif, chawngr phair laf baf Thatcher ddang muoons huf doaj hay sao? Maf kieens thuwcs cuar nhuwngx nguwowif nhuw baf veef neenf kinh tees bong bongs nayf cos theer nois laf raats saau roongj. Trong khi quar bong bongs tieenf teej nowj phinf leen ddeens muwcs ddooj nhaats ddinhj, cacs nhaf kinh tees hocj nooir tieengs quoocs tees sex tuwf cacs xos xinhr chui ra, nhuwngx tin tuwcs phanr dieenj vaf lowif canhr baos ddoois vowis neenf kinh tees Trung Quoocs sex trowr thanhf cacs tieeu ddeef lowns xuaats hieenj dayf ddawcj treen phuwowng tieenj truyeenf thoong chinhs cuar thees giowis. Vaf lucs nayf, cacs sats thur kinh tees ddax khoong conf nhaanx naij ddeer cungf nhau xoong leen nhuw baayf acs thus khieens cho cacs nhaf ddaauf tuw trong nuwowcs vaf quoocs tees hoonf lacj phachs xieeu. Mootj khi chees ddooj duwj truwx vangf cucj booj vaf tieenf vay nowj dduwowj giair phongs, suwj phaan hoas giauf ngheof dduwowcj xacs ddinhj, trong xax hooij sex xuaats hieenj nhuwngx nguwowif chuyeen ddi vay tieenf ngaan hangf mua sawms cuar cair ddeer huwowngr thuj “lowij

ichs” cuar lamj phats luwu thoong tieenf teej. Ngay sau khi chees ddooj duwj truwx vangf cucj booj vaf tieenf vay nowj lungx ddoanj dduwowcj “thoong leej” cuar ngaan hangf quoocs tees, trong khi nhuwngx nguwowif daan tichs luyx maats ddi cacs coong cuj ddeer baor veej taif sanr cuar minhf thif cacs ngaan hangf laij laf nhuwngx nguwowif gawtj hais dduwowcj nhieeuf lowij nhuaanj nhaats. Tieenf nowj vaf chees ddooj duwj truwx vangf cucj booj sex taoj ra “n” suwj maats gias cuar loaij tieenf teej “giaays nowj + suwj huwas henj” nayf, vowis “thuwowcs ddo lieen tucj maats gias nhuw vaayj, thif neenf kinh tees lamf sao cos theer ddur suwcs phats trieenr oonr ddinhj vaf haif hoaf dduwowcj? Trong thowif ddaij maf cumj tuwf “tieeu chuaanr hoas” luoon thuwowngf truwcj treen mooi nguwowif ddowif nhuwng laij khoong cos baats cuws chuaanr muwcj naof cuar chees ddooj duwj truwx vangf cucj booj vaf tieenf teej ddieeuf nayf chawngr phair laf ngows ngaanr hay sao? Trong khi banr chaats cuar chees ddooj duwj truwx vangf cucj booj vaf tieenf teej nowj dduwowcj chungs ta thaaus hieeur thif suwj hoang dduwowngf cuar nos cungx sex looj rox. Khoong cos mootj thuwowcs ddo tieenf teej oonr ddinhj thif khoong theer cos dduwowcj neenf kinh tees phats trieenr caan banwgf, khoong theer cos dduwowcj nguoonf voons thij truwowngf dduwowcj phaan phoois howpj lys, vaf dduwowng nhieen sex taoj neen suwj phaan hoas giauf ngheof xax hooij, khieens cho cuar cair cuar xax hooij daanf rowi vaof tay nganhf taif chinhs, vieecj xax hooij trowr neen haif hoaf chir cos theer laf ddieeuf huyeenx hoawcj maf thooi.

2. Vangf vaf bacj: Buaf oonr ddinhj gias carNgayf 13 thangs 7 nawm 1974, tapj chis The Economist ddax ddawng tair mootj banr baos caos thoongs kee vaatj gias trong suoots thowif kyf cachs mangj coong nghieepj Anh khieens nguwowif ta phair kinh ngacj. Trong khoangr thowif gian 250 nawm tuwf 1664 ddeens 1914, duwowis suwj vaanj hanhf cuar banr vij vangf, vaatj gias taij Anh ddax duy trif dduwowcj xu thees binhf oonr vaf giamr nhej. Trong thees giowis ngayf nay, khoong theer naof timf ra mootj quoocs gia thuws hai cos theer duy trif chir soos vaatj gias binhf oonr laau daif vaf lieen tucj khoong nguwngf nhuw vaayj.

Suwcs mua cuar ddoongf bangr Anh dduwowcj ddamr baor tinhs oonr ddinhj ddangs kinh ngacj. Neeus chir soos vaatj gias cuar nawm 1664 dduwowcj xacs laapj laf 100, thif truwf thowif chieens tranh Napoleon (nawm 1813) cos muwcs vaatj gias tawng tamj thowif ddeens 180, trong khoangr thowif gian conf laij chir soos vaatj gias ddeeuf thaaps hown tieeu chuaanr cuar nawm 1664. Khi cuoocj chieens tranh thees giowis laanf thuws nhaats bungf noor vaof nawm 1914, chir soos vaatj gias cuar Anh laf 91. Hay nois cachs khacs, duwowis theer chees cuar banr vij vangf, suwcs mua cuar mootj ddoongf bangr Anh taij thowif ddieemr nawm 1914 conf manhj hown mootj ddoongf bangr Anh cuar 250 nawm truwowcs (1664). Duwowis chees ddooj banr vij vangf vaf bacj, tinhf hinhf gias car cungx tuwowng tuwj nhuw vaayj. Nawm 1787, Ddieeuf 8 Chuwowng 1 hieens phaps Myx trao quyeenf cho Quoocs hooij phats hanhf vaf ddinhj gias tieenf teej. Ddieeuf 10 quy ddinhj rox rangf, taats car cacs bang khoong dduwowcj dungf baats cuws mootj loaij tieenf teej naof khoong dduwowcj quy ddinhj ngoaif vangf vaf bacj ddeer chi trar nowj naanf, tuwf ddos ddax xacs ddinhj rox tieenf teej cuar Myx caanf phair laays vangf vaf bacj lamf cow sowr. “Phaps leenhj tieenf dducs 1792” ddax xacs laapj 1 USD laf ddown vij cow banr cuar tieenf teej Myx, ddinhj gias chinhs xacs mootj ddoongf USD laf goomf 24,1 g bacj thuaanf, ddinhj gias cuar 10 USD laf goomf 16 g vangf thuaanf. Bacj trawngs dduwowcj dungf lamf cow sowr cuar heej thoongs tieenf USD. Tyr gias giuwax vangf vaf bacj laf 15:1. Baats keer nguwowif naof pha loangx ddooj thuaanf chaats ddoongf USD, khieens cho ddoongf USD maats gias trij ddeeuf sex ddoois mawtj vowis ans tuwr hinhf. Nawm 1800, chir soos vaatj gias cuar Myx owr vaof khoangr 102,2 ddeens nawm 1913, chir soos nayf haj xuoongs conf 80,7. Trong suoots thowif kyf xayr ra nhuwngx bieens ddooir lowns trong coong nghieepj hoas cuar Myx, bieen ddooj dao ddoongj vaatj gias khoong vuwowtj quas 26%, conf trong thowif ddaij banr vij vangf tuwf nawm 1879 ddeens nawm 1913, bieen ddooj giao ddoongj vaatj gias owr muwcs 17%. Trong suoots 113 nawm vowis nhuwngs bieens ddooir lowns trong lichj suwr coong nghieepj hoas ddaats nuwowcs vaf phats trieenr sanr xuaats cuar

Myx, tyr leej lamj phats tieenf teej binhf quaan haauf nhuw laf bawngf 0, giao ddoongj gias car hangf nawm khoong vuwowtj quas 1,3% (1) (Ferdinand Lips, Cuoocj chieens tranh vangf: Traanj chieens choongs laij tieenf teej tuwf cachs nhinf cuar nguwowif Thuyj Six (Gold War, The Battle Against Sound Money as Seen From a Swiss Perspective) - New York: The Foundation for the Advancement of Monetary Education 2001, tr. 10).Tuwowng tuwj duwowis banr vij vangf, tieenf teej cuar cacs quoocs gia chur yeeus owr chaau Aau trong quas trinhf chuyeenr ddooir tuwf neenf kinh tees noong nghieepj sang neenf kinh tees coong nghieepj cungx duy trif dduwowcj tinhs oonr ddinhj cao ddooj nhuw vaayj. Ddoongf francs Phaps, tuwf nawm 1814 ddeens nawm 1914 oonr ddinh 100 nawm. Ddoongf florin Haf Lan, tuwf nawm 1816 ddeens nawm 1914, oonr ddinhj 98 nawm.Ddoongf francs Thuyj Six, tuwf nawm 1850 ddeens nawm 1936, oonr ddinhj dduwowcj 86 nawm.Ddoongf francs Bir, tuwf nawm 1832 ddeens nawm 1914, oonr ddinhj dduwowcj 82 nawm. Ddoongf khoa Thuyj Ddieenr, tuwf nawm 1873 ddeens nawm 1930, oonr ddinhj dduwowcj 58 nawm. Ddoongf macs Dduwcs, tuwf nawm 1875 ddeens nawm 1914, oonr ddinhj dduwowcj 39 nawm. Ddoongf lia Ys, tuwf nawm 1883 ddeens nawm 1914, oonr ddinhj dduwowcj 31 nawm (2) (Ferdinand Lips, Cuoocj chieens tranh vangf: Traanj chieens choongs laij tieenf teej tuwf cachs nhinf cuar nguwowif Thuyj Six (Gold War, The Battle Against Sound Money as Seen From a Swiss Perspective) - New York: The Foundation for the Advancement of Monetary Education 2001, tr. 15).Mises ddax ddanhs gias banr vij vangf laf thanhf tuwuj cao nhaats trong toanf booj neenf vawn minh phuwowng Taay owr thowif ddaij hoangf kim cuar chur nghiax tuw banr. Neeus khoong cos mootj thuwowcs ddo tieenf teej oonr ddinhj vaf howpj lys, suwcs sangs taoj cuar cair voo cungf lowns maf neenf vawn minh phuwowng Taay ddax theer hieenj ra trong

giai ddoanj phats trieenr nhanh chongs cuar chur nghiax tuw banr sex laf mootj chuyeenj vuwowtj ngoaif suwcs tuwowngr tuwowngj. Heej thoons gias car oonr ddinhj cao dduwowcj hinhf thanhf trong quas trinhf tieens hoas tuwj nhieen cuar vangf vaf bacj treen thij truwowngf, cos theer khieens cho cacs nhaf hoachj ddinhj kinh tees “thieen taif” cuar thees kyr 20 xaaus hoor toats moof hooi hootj. Vai trof tieenf teej cur vangf vaf bacj dduwowcj xem laf sanr phaamr cuar quas trinhf tieens hoas tuwj nhieen, laf sanr phaamr cuar neenf kinh tees thij truwowngf chaan chinhs, laf tieenf teej thuwcj ddangs tin caayj cuar loaif nguwowif. Cais dduwowcj goij laf thuwowcs ddo tieenf teej chinhs laf cais khoong bij thay ddooir vif banr tinhs tham lam cuar nhuwngx trumf taif chinhs, vif suwj hieeus chieens cuar chinhs phur hay vif suwj ddaauf cow lowij ichs cuar cacs nhaf kinh tees hocj “thieen taif”. Trong lichj suwr chir cos tieenf vangf vaf bacj – sanr phaamr dduwowcj sinh ra tuwf suwj tieens hoas tuwj nhieen cuar thij truwowngf – mowis cos theer lamf dduwowcj ddieeuf nayf, vaf trong tuwowng lai cungx chir cos vangf vaf bacj mowis cos theer ganhs vacs dduwowcj trongj trachs lichj suwr nayf. Chir cos vangf vaf bacj mowis cos theer baor veej thuwcj suwj cho taif sanr cuar nhaan daan cungx nhuw suwj phaan boos howpj lys cuar cacs nguoonf taif nguyeen trong xax hooij. Cacs nhaf kinh tees hocj dduwowng ddaij cos mootj thuws quan ddieemr khas thinhj hanhf khi cho rawngf toocs ddooj gia tawng cuar vangf vaf bacj khoong theer dduooir kipj toocs ddooj gia tawng cuar cuar cair, duwowis heej thoongs tieenf teej laf vangf vaf bacj, tinhf trangj thieeus hutj tieenf teej sex xayr ra, maf ddieeuf nayf laij laf ker thuf coos huwux cuar moij neenf kinh tees. Treen thuwcj tees thif ddaay chir laf mootj quan ddieemr chur quan cas nhaan sai laamf. Luaanj ddieemr xuyeen tacj “lamj phats tieenf teej howpj lys” hoanf toanf laf cow sowr lys luaanj dduwowcj taoj neen bowir suwj howpj suwcs cuar nhaf ngaan hangf quoocs tees vaf nhoms Keynes vowis mucj ddichs chinhs laf phees bor banr vij vangf, tuwf ddos thoong qua thur ddoanj lamj phats tieenf teej “thu thuees mootj cachs kins ddaos” ddoois vowis nguwowif daan, tieens hanhf cuwowps ddoatj vaf awn cawps mootj cachs “sachj sex” cuar cair cuar nhaan daan. Tuwf thuwcj tieenx xax hooij cuar cacs quoocs gia chur yeeus owr Aau Myx nhuw Anh vaf Myx thees kyr 17 ddeens nay, suwj

thuwcj khoong theer bacs bor ddax chuwngs minh rawngf suwj phats trieenr manhj mex veef kinh tees xax hooij hoanf toanf khoong gaay neen lamj phats tieenf teej. Treen thuwcj tees, hai nuwowcs Anh, Myx ddeeuf hoanf thanhf cuoocj cachs mangj coong nghieepj trong tinhf hinhf thieeus hutj tieenf teej luwu thoong owr muwcs ddooj nhej. Vaans ddeef thuwcj suwj chuwa hawnr laf toocs ddooj tawng truwowngr cuar vangf vaf bacj khoong theo kipj toocs ddooj tawng truwowngr cuar cair maf laf khoong theo kipj toocs ddooj tawng truwowgnr cuar coong nowj. Vaf lamj phats coong nowj mowis cos haij cho suwj phats trieenr xax hooij.

3. Khoois mowx coong nowj vf GDP giamr beosMoo hinhf phats trieenr kinh tees vowis suwj tawng truwowngr GDP cungx chawngr khacs naof vieeecj tawng theer trangj vaayj. Vaf tieenf teej coong nowj chinhs laf phaanf chaats beos dduwowcj phats trieenr theem. Mootj nguwowif maf troong cuws ngayf theem phif noonj thif lieeuj anh ta cos thaatj suwj khoer manhj khoong? Moo hinhf tawng truwowngr kinh tees cuar mootj quoocs gia khoong nawmf ngoaif hai dangj thuwcs sau: mootj laf do cuar cair chaan chinhs cos tuwf suwj tichs luyx, sau ddos nhuwngx nguoonf voons vangf bacj thuwcj suwj nayf dduwowcj dungf vaof ddaauf tuw, tuwf ddos taoj neen cuar cair thuwcj taij nhieeuf hown truwowcs, kinh tees xax hooij cungx nhowf ddos maf tieens booj, ddieeuf maf tawng truwowngr kinh tees theo moo hinhf nayf mang laij chinhs laf suwj phats trieenr cuar phaanf cow thitj cuar neenf kinh tees, suwj cuwngs caps khoer manhj cuar gaan coots neenf kinh tees, suwj caan bawngf trong phaan boos dinh duwowngx cuar neenf kinh tees. Tuy hieeuj quar truwowcs mawts laf chaamj chapj, nhuwng chaats luwowngj tawng truwowngr cao, its gaay ra tacs dungj phuj. Moo hinhf khacs laf dungf cacs khoanr vay nowj ddeer kichs thichs suwj tawng truwowngr cuar neenf kinh tees khieens quoocs gia, doanh nghieepj vaf cas nhaan phair ganhs chiuj nhuwngx khoanr nowj khoongr loof. Sau khi dduwowcj tieenf teej hoas qua hej thoongs ngaan hangf, nhuwngx khoanr nowj nayf laij tawng leen vowis nhuwngx con soos khoongr loof vaf gaay cho nguwowif ta camr giacs rawngf cuar cair

ddang dduwowcj tawng leen nhuw theer quar bong bongs dduwowcj bowm cawng vaayj. Vif vaayj, tieenf teej dduwowng nhieen trowr neen maats gias daanx ddeens suwj cachs bieetj nghieem trongj trong phaan hoas giauf ngheof maf haauj quar cuar nos laf luwowngj mowx duw thuwaf cuar neenf kinh tees ddang ngayf cangf tawng leen. Vieecj phats trieenr kinh tees theo moo hinhf dungf nowj ddeer kichs thichs chawngr khacs naof nguwowif ta dungf thuoocs kichs thichs tawng truwowngr tieem vaof cow theer nhawmf trowr neen beos toots mootj cachs caaps toocs, tuy hieeuj quar laf rox reetj chir sau mootj thowif gian ngawns, song tacs dungj phuj tieemf aanr cuar nhuwngx thuws hoocs – moon tawng truwowngr caaps kyf cuoois cungf rooif cungx sex daanx ddeens ddur loaij bieens chuwngs bootj phats. Vaf ddeens khi ddos, cacs loaij thuoocs maf cow theer cuar neenf kinh tees nhaats ddinhj phair caanf ddungf ddeens ngayf cangf nhieeuf ddeer rooif cuws thees ddaauf ddoocj heej thoongs nooij tieets cuar cow theer neenf kinh tees, gaay ra suwj nooir loanj trieetj ddeer cuar mooi truwowngf sinh thais been trong cow theer, cuoois cungf laf voo phuwowng cuwus chuwax. Cawn beenhj ddaauf tieen maf coong nowj sinh ra chinhs laf cao huyeets aps trong neenf kinh tees – nanj lamj phats tieenf teej, ddawcj bieetj laf lamj phats taif sanr. Owr mootj phuwowng dieenj khacs, chuwngs beenhj nayf daanx ddeens tinhf trangj duw thuwaf trong sanr xuaats, taoj ra suwj xaos troonj veef caaus trucs cuar neenf kinh tees, gaay langx phis lowns cho nguoonf voons thij truwowngf taoj ra cuoocj chieens gias car khoocs lieetj trong sanr xuaats cungx nhuw nanj lamj phats hangf hoas tieeu dungf. Gia ddinhf dduwowcj xem laf tees baof chinhs cuar cow theer neenf kinh tees, vaayj nhuw, tees baof nayf ddang bij dde doaj khoong chir bowir nanj lamj phats tieenf teej maf conf bowir tinhf trangj gianx thowj ddang tawng leen hangf ngayf. Nhuwngx ddieeuf nayf ddax lamf suy giamr suwcs tieeu thuj trong daan chungs vaf khieens cho cow theer neenf kinh tees thieeus ddi suwcs soongs. Mootj chuwngs beenhj khacs do khoois mowx coong nowj taoj neen chinhs laf luwowngj mowx cao trong maus cuar neenf kinh tees. Ngay sau khi cacs khoanr coong nowj dduwowcj tieenf teej hoas, tieenf teej sex khoong conf khan hieems, maf xuaats hieenj tranf lan khawps moij ngox ngachs cuar xax hooij. Tieenf cangf ngayf cangf nhieeuf

nhuwng cow hooij ddaauf tuw thif ngayf cangf its ddi. Duwowis chees ddooj banr vij vangf, ddawcj truwng chur yeeus cur thij truwowngf coor phieeus laf cow caaus taif chinhs cuar coong ty leen sanf khas vuwngx chawcs, tinhf trangj coong nowj khoong cos nguy cow, nguoonf voons dooif daof, muwcs lowij nhuaanj tawng truwowngr oonr ddinhj, coor tuwcs cuar coor phieeus tawng ddeeuf theo hangf nawm, thij truwowngf coor phieeus tuy cos maoj hieemr, nhuwng laij laf mootj thij truwowngf thuwcj suwj ddangs ddeer ddaauf tuw. Maf cacs thij truwowngf coor phieeus chur yeeus cuar thees giowis ngayf nay laij ngaapj trong cacs khoanr tieenf nowj vaf bij danh gias quas vowis gias trij thuwcj cuar nos, cacs nhaf ddaauf tuw khos maf troong chowf vaof lowij nhuaanj coor tuwcs cho duf vaanx luoon nuooi hy vongj vaof khar nawng tawng gias coor phieeus. Thij truwowngf chuwngs khoans ngayf cangf maats ddi tinhs ddaauf tuw maf daanf bieens thanhf mootj songf bacj vowis ddaayf raayx nhuwngx ddieemr khacs thuwowngf. Tinhf trangj baats ddoongj sanr cungx gioongs heetj nhuw vaayj. Banr thaan cacs khoanr nowj ddax khieens cho machj maus kinh tees trowr neen deex vowx hown, vieecj tawng luwowngj phats hanhf t ieenf nowj sex khieens cho huyeets dichj kinh tees sanhs ddawcj laij, luwowngj voons lawngs ddongj treen thij truwowngf chuwngs khoans vaf thij truwowngf baats ddoongj sanr sex khieens huyeets quanr kinh tees cangf theem tawcs nghenx, trieeuj chuwngs cao huyeets aps cuar neenf kinh tees sex khoong theer tranhs khoir. Trangj thais cao huyeets aps trong neenf kinh tees sex cangf tawng theem ganhs nawngj cho trais tim kinh tees – thuws dduwowcj coi laf mooi truwowngf vaf taif nguyeen maf nhaan daan dungf ddeer sangs taoj ra cuar cair. Ganhs nawngj coong nowj sex gaay neen tinhf trangj booij chi nghieem trongj, mooi truwowngf sinh thais bij oo nhieemx, taif nguyeen canj kieetj, heej sinh thais maats caan ddoois, khis haauj bieens ddooir, thieen tai lieen mieen… Chinhs nhuwngx ddieeuf nayf ddax daanx ddeens tinhf trangj choongf chaats trong coong nowj cuar daan chungs. Suwj phaan hoas giauf ngheof, dao ddoongj kinh tees, maau thuaanx xax hooij, tham oo hur baij vaf nhuwngx moois hieemr hoaj ddoois vowis xax hooij lanhf manhj. Trong taats car nhuwngx cawn beenhj nhuw luwowngj mowx cao

trong maus, cao huyeets aps- nhuwngx chuwngs beenhj do chaats mowx tieenf teej coong nowj gaay ra – cungf phats tacs vaf toonf taij thif heej thoongs nooij tieets tuwj nhieen cuar cow theer kinh tees sex rowi vaof trangj thais roois loanj, khar nawng haaps thuj dinh duwowngx kems, cacs cow quan nooij tangj toonr thuwowng nghieem trongj, quas trinhf ddooir mowis trong cow theer khoong theer vaanj hanhf binhf thuwowngf, heej thoongs mieenx dichj maats ddi suwcs ddeef khangs. Neeus chonj bieenj phaps ddau gif trij naays thif vieecj nayf sex gaay ra hieenj tuwowngj nhownf thuoocs, tuwf ddos maf cangf lamf suy thoais traamf trongj hown heej thoongs nooij tieets cuar cow theer neenf kinh tees. Ngay sau khi ddax nhaanj thuwcs rox banr chaats vaf suwj nguy haij cuar tieenf teej coong nowj thif chungs ta caanf phair thuwcj hieenj vieecj ddieeuf chinhr tuwowng uwngs ddoois vowis chieens luwowcj phaats trieenr kinh tees. Nghiax laf tuwf moo hinhf cux laays tawng truwowngf GDP lamf kim chir nam, laays tieenf teej coong nowj lamf cow sowr, laays booij chi taif chinhs lamf tawng truwowngr, chungs ta caanf phair chuyeenr bieens sang moo hinhf phats trieenr mowis laays xax hooij vaf suwj phats trieenr haif hoaf lamf trung taam, dungf tieenf teej thaatj lamf thuwowcs ddo, dungf tichs luyx ddeer thucs ddaayr phats trieenr. Chungs ta cungx phair tuwngf buwowcs xaay duwngj mootj heej thoongs thuwowcs ddo tieenf teej oonr ddinhj dungf vangf bacj lamf ddieemr tuwaj, tuwngf buwowcs loaij truwf coong nowj ra khoir dongf luwu thoong tieenf teej, naang cao tyr leej duwj truwx vangf trong ngaan hangf vaf xem ddos laf phuwowng phaps quan trongj trong vieecj kieemr soats vaf ddieeuf hanhf taif chinhs khieens cho tyr suaats lowij nhuaanj cuar nganhf taif chinhs ngang bawngf vowis tyr suaats lowij nhuaanj binhf quaan cuar cacs nganhf coong nghieepj khacs trong xax hooij. Chir khi naof trij taanj goocs hai cawn beenhj dai dawngr laf tieenf teej vaf coong nowj vaf chees ddooj duwj truwx vangf cucj booj nayf, chinhs phur mowis cos theer ddamr baor dduwowcj suwj coong bawngf haif hoaf trong xax hooij. Vieecj loaij bor tieenf nowj ra khoir heej thoongs luwu thoong tieenf teej phair laf mootj quas trinhf laau daif, gian khoor, gioongs nhuw quas trinhf giamr beos vaayj. Cawts giamr luwowngj thuwcs awn, ddieeuf chinhr cow caaus buwax awn, tawng cuwowngf luwowngj vaanj ddoongj theer

ducj…taats car nhuwngx vieecj nayf thuwcj suwj khos khawn hown nhieeuf so vowis chuyeenj troons minhf trong chieecs chawn aams aps cuar tieenf nowj tawng sinh. Vieecj sieets chawtj luwu thoong tieenf teej cungx gioongs suwj renf luyeenj ys chis vaf suwcs chiuj dduwngj cuar con nguwowif, gioongs nhuw khi chungs ta ddi bowi vaof sangs sowms muaf ddoong vaayj. Sau nhuwngx gian khoor ban ddaauf, tinhs linh hoatj cuar neenf kinh tees sex tawng cuwowngf rox reetj, heej thoongs khangs laij vowis loaij xung ddootj khungr hoangr kinh tees sex cangf theem hoanf thieenj, aps luwcj mooi truwowngf sinh thais sex giamr nhej, suwj phaan phoois taif nguyeen treen thij truwowngf cungx sex howpj lys hown. Dix nhieen, cacs chuwngs beenhj trong cow theer neenf kinh tees sex thuyeen giamr, heej thoongs nooij tieets tuwj nhieen trong cow theer neenf kinh tees sex tuwngf buwowcs khooi phucj chuwcs nawng khieens cho xax hooij sex trowr neen haif hoaf vaf khoer manhj. Khi Trung Quoocs mowr cuwar hoanf toanf linhx vuwcj taif chinhs, caanf phair nhaanj thuwcs rox uwu thees vaf ddieemr yeeus cuar heej thoongs taif chinhs phuwowng Taay ddoongf thowif phair tor ra cowir mowr, phair cos dungx khis vaf muwu tris nhawmf sangs taoj ra cais mowis mootj cachs hieeuj quar. Thoong thuwowngf, nhuwngx quoocs gia quaatj khowir trong lichj suwr ddeeuf cos nhuwngx coongs hieens mang tinhs khai sangs ddoois vowis suwj phats trieenr cuar xax hooij loaif nguwowif. Trung Quoocs ddang owr treen”buwowcs ngoawtj chieens luwowcj” ddawcj bieetj nayf.

4. Nganhf taif chinhs: “Khoong quaan chieens luwowcj” cuar Trung Quoocs ddang phats trieenr kinh tees

Vij thees cuar tieenf teej duwj truwx treen thees giowis ddaij dieenj cho quyeenf luwcj toois thuwowngj trong vieecj phats hanhf tieenf teej vowis ddaayf ddur suwj tin caayj. Khoong its nguwowif camr thaays khos hieeur vif sao Trung Quoocs khoong cos quyeenf ddinhj gias treen thij truwowngf quoocs tees. Wal-Mart cos theer eps cacs doanh nghieepj Trung Quoocs ddeens muwcs ai cungx phair xots xa. Cacs nhaf kinh tees hocj giair thichs rawngf, bowir vif hoj laf nguwowif tieeu dungf lowns nhaats, ddaij dieenj cho thij truwowngf tieeu thuj lowns nhaats thees giowis- nuwowcs Myx. Vaf bowir vaayj, hoj laf nguwowif cos quyeenf ddinhj gias. Cungx cos

nguwowif giar thichs rawngf, vif ddang nawms giuwx cacs keenh tieeu thuj cuar thij truwowngf Myx, neen Wal- Mart cos quyeenf ddinhj gias. Vaayj conf cacs mor khoangs sanr, mor daauf, duwowcj phaamr, mays bay chowr khachs, phaanf meemf thif sao? Trung Quoocs laf mootj trong nhuwngx thij truwowngf tieeu thuj lowns nhaats thees giowis, vaf nhuw vaayj, trong vai trof nguwowif tieeu dungf lowns nhaats thees giowis, lamf sao maf quoocs gia nayf cos theer ddeer cho ker khacs chenf eps vaf thao tungs gias car? Vif thieeus mootj chieens luwowcj taif chinhs ddungs ddawns neen Trung Quoocs khoong cos quyeenf ddinhj gias. Trong mootj giai ddoanj lichj suwr raats daif, neenf kinh tees Trung Quoocs phats trieenr duwaj treen nguoonf voons nuwowcs ngoaif, nhuwng neeus khoong cos chinhs sachs mowr cuwar hooij nhaapj vowis nguoonf voons nuwowcs ngoaif thif quoocs gia nayf cungx khoong cos suwj phats trieenr kinh tees nhuw hieenj nay. Trung Quoocs cos theer trowr thanhf ddoois tuwowngj nhaanj voons nuwowcs ngoaif, nhuwng cungx cos theer ddoois tuwowngj ddos laf Aans Ddooj. Nguoonf voons nayf cos theer dduwowcj rots cho mootj quoocs gia nhuwng cungx cos theer ruts ra khoir quoocs gia ddos. Ai khoongs chees dduwowcj quyeenf luwu ddoongj voons, ker ddos sex ddaayf ddur quyeenf ddinhj gias thaatj suwj. Cacs doanh nghieepj treen thees giowis baats keer thuoocj top 500 hay 100, baats keer laf gax khoongr loof trong nganhf coong nghieepj xe howi hay coong nghieepj mays tinhs, ddeeuf caanf ddeens taif chinhs. Ddoois vowis doanh nghieepj thif tieenf cungx gioongs nhuw khoong khis vaf nuwowcs vowis cow theer soongs vaayj. Ddoois vowis cacs nganhf ngheef khacs trong xax hooij, taif chinhs laf nguwowif chur tuyeetj ddoois. Ai khoong chees dduwowcj luwu thoong tieenf teej, ker ddos cos theer quyeets ddinhj suwj huwng thinhj suy vong cuar baats cuws doanh nghieepj naof. Neeus nhuw coong ty mor sawts cuar Ucs giamr gias, chir caanf mootj cus ddieenj thoaij laf cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf quoocs tees ddang lungx ddoanj quyeenf phats hanhf ddoongf USD cos theer ung dung. Coong ty cos conf caanf ddeens nguoonf taif chinhs nuwax hay khoong? Neeus nhuw khoong ddaps uwngs yeeu caauf, coong ty nayf sex cos nguy cow bij doonf vaof thees cungf dduwowngf treen thij truwowngf taif

chinhs quoocs tees. Gias coor phieeus cuar hoj cos theer bij khoongs chees treen thij truwowngf chuwngs khoans, cho ddeens khi coong ty nayf “quyj” hawnr mowis thooi. Vux khis sats thur cuar cacs oong trumf taif chinhs quoocs tees laf cawts dduwts nguoonf nawng luwowngj cuar doanh nghieepj, buoocj ddoois thur phair tuaan theeo moij suwj chi phoois vaf ddieeuf khieenr cuar minhf. Cacs oong trumf taif chinhs quoocs tees cungx dduwowcj vis nhuw khoong quaan chieens luwowcj cuar mootj quoocs gia vaayj. Khoong cos suwj chi vieenj taans coong cuar khoong quaan, cacs nganhf ngheef treen mawtj ddaats chawcs chawns sex rowi vaof cuoocj chieens giaps las caf voo cungf thamr khoocs vowis cacs quoocs gia khacs, thaamj chis conf tuwj gieets nhau, phas gias nhau, lamf toonr hao voons lieengs cuar nhau hoawcj phas hoaij mooi truwowngf lamf vieecj cuar nhau. Treen thij truwowngf quoocs tees, neeus khoong khoongs chees dduwowcj nguoonf taif chinhs thif baats cuws mootj theer chees naof cungx khoong cos quyeenf ddinhj gias sanr phaamr vaf cungx khoong cos quyeenf chur ddoongj chieens luwowcj trong phats trieenr kinh tees. Vif vaayj chuwngf naof ddoongf tieenf cuar Trung Quoocs trowr thanhf tieenf teej duwj truwx cuar thees giowis, chuwngf ddos quoocs gia nayf mowis cos hy vongj dduwowcj tror thanhf thanhf vieen tham gia vaof vieecj ddinhj gias taif chinhs treen thees giowis. Vaayj ddoongf tieenf naof cos theer trowr thanhf tieenf teej duwj truwx cuar cacs nuwowcs treen thees giowis? Sowr dix ddoongf bangr Anh vaf ddoongf USD ddeeuf ddax tuwngf laf nhuwngx ddoongf tieenf manhj trong quaanf hungf tieenf teej thees giowis laf do neenf kinh tees cuar cacs quoocs gia nayf cos dduwowcj heej thoongs tieenf teej oonr ddinhj lamf chuaanr, heej thoongs sanr xuaats phats trieenr manhj mex, tuwngf buwowcs ddongs vai trof then choots trong heej thoongs thanh toans thuwowng maij thees giowis. Cow sowr taoj neen suwj tins nhieemj nayf ddoois vowis ddoongf bangr Anh vaf ddoongf USD chinhs laf vangf vaf bacj. Trong quas trinhf phats trieenr cuar hai nuwowcs nayf, mangj luwowis ngaan hangf cuar cacs quoocs gia nayf ddax tuwngf buwowcs phur khawps thees giowis, ddoongf bangr Anh vaf ddoongf USD cos theer dduwowcj chuyeenr thanhf vangf mootj cachs tuwj do vaf thuaanj tieen, dduwowcj thij

truwowngf chaaps thuaanj, vif thees maf nhuwngx ddoongf tieenf nayf conf dduwowcj coi laf “ngoaij teej manhj”. Sau khi thees chieens thuws hai keetst hucs vaof nawm 1945, Myx ddax tuwngf nawms ddeens 70% luwowngj duwj truwx vangf thees giowis, cho neen ddoongf USD dduwocj moij nguwowif goi laf “Myx kim”. Thuwowcs ddo cuar cair oonr ddinhj dduwowcj baor ddamr bowir banr vij vangf vaf bacj khoong chir laf suwj ddamr baor cho neenf kinh tees Anh – Myx luoon giuwx vij tris nooir trooij maf conf laf tieenf ddeef lichj suwr khieens cho ddongf bangr Anh vaf ddoongf USD trowr thanhf mootj loai tieenf duwj truwx cuar thees giowis. Nawm 1971, sau khi heej thoongs tieenf teej thees giowis tachs ra khoir suwj rangf buoocj vowis vangf, uy luwcj cuar ddoongf tieenf cacs nuwowcs ddax bij toonr haij nghieem trongj. Nawm 1971, mootj ounce vangf trij gias 35 USD, ddeens nawm 2006, mootj ounce vangf ddax nhayr leen 630 USD (ngayf 23 thangs 11 nawm 2006). Trong suoots 35 nawm nay keer tuwf nawm 1971 cho ddeens 2006, so vowis gias vangf thif: # Ddoongf lia (Ys) ddax giamr xuoongs 98,2% (keer tuwf nawm 1999 veef sau quy ra ddoongf euro). # Ddoongf khoa Thuyj DDieenr ddax giamr 96%# Ddoongf bangr Anh ddax giamr 95,7%# Ddoongf francs Phaps giamr 95,2% (keer tuwf nawm 1999 veef sau quy ra ddoongf euro)# Ddoongf dollar Canada ddax giamr 95,1%# Ddoongf USD ddax giamr 94,4% # Ddoongf macs Dduwcs ddax giamr 89,7% (tuwf nawm 1999 veef sau quy ra ddoongf euro)# Ddoongf yeen Nhaatj ddax giamr 83,3%# Ddoongf francs Thuyj Six ddax giamr 81,5% Vieecj heej thoongs ddoongf USD cuoois cungf sex supj ddoor vaanx laf mootj logic phair xayr ra. Neeus nois ddoongf USD khoong ddangs tin caayj thif thees giowis sex duwaj vaof ddoongf tieenf coong nowj naof ddaay? Hieenj nay, trong soos cacs ddoongf tieenf coong nowj “hieenj ddaij” hieenj cos owr phuwowng Taay, khoong cos ddoongf tieenf naof manhj

hown ddoongf francs Thuyj Six. Nguyeen nhaan khieens car thees giowis tin tuwowngr cao ddooj vaof ddoongf francs Thuyj Six heets suwcs ddown gianr bowir vif gias trij cuar ddoongf francs Thuyj Six dduwowcj baor ddamr bawngf 100% vangf vaf cos gias trij ngang vowis vangf. Mootj ddats nuwowcs hinhf vieen ddanj vowis venr venj 7,2 trieeuj daan, nhuwng luwowngj duwj truwx vangf cuar Ngaan hangf Trung uwowng nuwowcs nayf leen ddeens 2.590 taans (nawm 1990), chieems 8% toongr luwowngj duwj truwx vangf cuar cacs ngaan hangf trung uwowng treen thees giowis, chir dduwngs sau Myx, Dduwcs vaf quyx tieenf teej (IMF). Khi gia nhaapj toor chuwcs tieenf teej quoocs tees (IMF) nawm 1992, Thuyj Six buoocj phair tachs ddoongf francs cuar minhf ra khoir moois quan heej vowis vangf. Vaf nhuw vaayj, muwcs ddooj baor damr bawngf vangf cuar ddoongf francs Thuyj Six suy giamr daanf, ddeens nawm 1995, chir conf laij 43,2%. Ddeens nawm 2005, Thuyj Six chir conf laij 13.321 taans vangf, nhuwng so vowis soos vangf duwj truwx cuar Trung Quoocs (600 taans) thif con soos nayf vaanx nhieeuf gaaps 2 laanf. Cungf vowis suwj sutj giamr cuar luwowngj vangf baor ddamr cho ddoongf francs Thuyj Six, suwcs mua cuar ddoongf tieenf nayf cungx ngayf cangf trowr neen suy yeeus. Luwowngj duwj truwx vangf cuar Nhaatj Banr nawm 2005 chir conf 765,2 5 taans. Tuy nhieen, cos mootj nghichj lys laf, khoong phair Nhaatj khoong muoons tawng luwowngj duwj truwx vangf, maf nuwowcs nayf ddang bij Myx ngawn canr. Ferdinald Lips – mootj chuyeen gia veef vangf ddoongf thowif laf mootj nhaf ngaan hangf cos tieengs owr Thuyj Six – ddax cungf vowis gia toocj Rothschild laapj neen Ngaan hangf Rothschild Bank AG taij Zurich vaf ddieeuf hanhf ngaan hangf nayf trong nhieeuf nawm. Ddeens nawm 1987, oong ddax thanhf laapj Bank Lips AG taij Zurich – mootj thanhf vieen “ruootj thitj” cuar ddees chees taif chinhs quoocs tees. Trong cuoons “Chieens tranh vangf bacj” cuar minhf, oong ddax tieets looj rawngf, trong hooij nghij hieepj hooij vangf thees giowis dduwowcj toor chuwcs owr Paris, mootj quan chuwc daaus teen lamf vieecj trong nganhf ngaan hangf cuar Nhaatj ddax phanf nanf vowis Ferdinand Lips rawngf, chir caanf hamj ddooij Thais Binhf Duwowng cuar Myx conf hieenj dieenj owr Nhaatj Banr ddeer “baor veej suwj an toanf” cho nuwowcs nayf thif chinhs phur Nhaatj Banr vaanx bij caams

duwj truwx theem vangf (3) (Ferdinand Lips, Cuoocj chieens tranh vangf: Traanj chieens choongs laij tieenf teej tuwf cais nhinf cuar nguwowif Thuyj Six (Gold War, The Battle Against Sound Money as Seen From a Swiss Perspective) - New York: The Foundation for the Advancement of Monetary Education 2001, tr. 143).Truwowcs mawts, Trung Quoocs ddax cos nguoonf duwj truwx ngoaij hoois leen ddeens 1 nghinf tyr USD, vaf vieecj suwr dungj nguoonf taif sanr khoongr loof nayf cos lieen quan ddeens vaanj meenhj trawm nawm cuar Trung Quocs trong tuwowng lai. Ddaay khoong ddown gianr laf vaans ddeef maoj hieemr phaan tans taif chinhs maf ddieeuf quan trongj laf Trung Quoocs phair xem xets lamf thees naof ddeer danhf dduwowcj quyeenf chur ddoongj chieens luwowcj trong cuoocj chieens tranh taif chinhs quoocs tees sawps phais ra ddeer chieems laays vij thees bas chur tieenf teej trong thowif ddaij “haauj USD” treen thees giowis. Cuoois nawm 2006, Trung Quoocs ddax mowr cuwar hoanf toanf linhx vuwcj taif chinhs. Cacs ngaan hangf quoocs tees ddax sawnx sangf cho mootj cuoocj chieens tranh tieenf teej khoong nghe thaays tieengs thets nowi chieens truwowngf, nhuwng keets cuoocj sau cungf cuar cuoocj chieens nayf sex quyeets ddinhj ddeens soos phaanj tuwowng lai cuar Trung Quoocs. Baats keer cos ys thuwcs dduwowcj hay khoong, cos chuaanr bij toots dduwowcj hay khoong, sowms muoonj Trung Quoocs cungx sex phair dduwowng ddaauf vowis mootj cuoocj chieens tranh tieenf teej – mootj cuoocj chieens tranh khoong tuyeen maf chieens. Chir khi phans ddoans rox rangf vaf chinhs xacs mucj ddichs chieens luwowcj chur yeeus vaf phuwowng huwowngs taans coong chinhs cuar cacs ngaan hangf quoocs tees, quoocs gia nayf mowis cos theer ddawtj ra mootj sachs luwowcj phanr uwngs hieeuj quar. Cos hai mucj ddichs chieens luwowcj cawn banr trong cuoocj ddoor booj oof atj cuar cacs ngaan hangf quoocs tees vaof Trung Quoocs: khoongs chees quyeenf phats hanhf tieenf teej cuar Trung Quoocs,taoj ra “cuoocj giair theer cos kieemr soats” ddoois vowis neenf kinh tees Trung Quoocs, vaf cuoois cungf laapj neen mootj “chinhs phur thees giowis” vaf “tieenf teej thees giowis” duwowis suw chi phoois chur ddaoj cuar trucj London – phoos Wall.

Cos lex moij nguwowif ddeeuf bieets rawngf, nguwowif naof cos theer lungx ddoanj dduwowcj nguoonf voons cung uwngs cuar mootj loaij sanr phaamr thif ker ddos sex dduwowcj lowij nhuaanj sieeu caaps. Maf tieenf teej laf mootj thuws sanr phaamr ai ai cungx caanf, neeuf nguwowif naof lungx ddoanj dduwowcj quyeenf phats hanhf tieenf teej cuar mootj quoocs gia, ker ddos sex nawms dduwowcj coong cuj taoj ra nguoonf lowij nhuaanj voo hanj. Ddaay chinhs laf lys do giair thichs taij sao trong hangf maays trawm nawm qua, cacs ngaan hangf quoocs tees ddax vof ddaauf vawts ocs, doonf taam suy nghix, khoong tuwf baats kyf aam muwu thur ddoanj naof ddeer lungx ddoanj dduwowcj quyeenf phats hanhf tieenf teej cuar mootj quoocs gia vaf mucj tieeu cao nhaats cuar hoj laf lungx ddoanj quyeenf phats hanhf tieenf teej cuar toanf thees giowis. Xets veef toongr theer, rox rangf ngaan hangf quoocs tees ddang owr vaof thees chur ddoongj taans coong chieens luwowcj, trong khi cacs ngaan hangf cuar Trung Quoocs laij laam vaof thees thucs thur, vaf so vowis ngaan hangf quoocs tees – ker ddax chowi trof aor thuaatj vowis tieenf teej treen thees giowis hangf trawm nawm qua – thif cacs ngaan hangf Trung Quoocs rox rangf laf yeeus kems veef nhieeuf mawtj, tuwf voons lieeng, nguoonf nhaan luwcj, moo hinhf kinh donah, haj taangf cow sowr kyx thuaatj cho ddeens heej thoongs phaps lys. Neeus muoons tranhs khoir nguy cow thaats baij toanf dieenj trong cuoocj chieens nayf, Trung Quoocs chir cos mootj luwaj chonj duy nhaats: “anh ddanhs theo cachs cuar anh, tooi ddanhs theo cachs cuar tooi”, vaf quyeets khoong ddanhs theo cachs maf ddoois phuwowng hoachj ddinhj. Ddaay laf mootj cuoocj chieens tranh tieenf teej chir cos hai con dduwowngf hoawcj thaats baij hoawcj chieens thawngs. Neeus khoong bij “ddees quoocs La Max mowis” chinh phucj trong cuoocj chieens nayf thif trong quas trinhf ddaapj tan ddoois thur, Trung Quoocs sex xaay duwngj leen mootj traatj tuwj mowis veef tieenf teej treen thees giowis.

5. Chieens luwowcj cuar tuwonwg lai: “Xaay tuwowngf cao, tichs luwowng thaor, hoanx xuwng vuwowng”

# “Xaay tuwowngf cao” Trung Quoocs caanf phair xaay duwngj mootj heej thoongs phongf nguwj keps ddoois vowis cown ddaij hoongf thuyr taif chinhs tuwf ngoaif tranf vaof vaf cown hoar hoanj tuwf trong phats ra.

Cacs ngaan hangf quoocs tees sawps suwar oof atj tieens vaof cacs trung taam taif chinhs cuar Trung Quoocs, nhuw vaayj nuwowcs nayf khoong theer khoong ddeef phongf. Khi banf veef ddeef taif nayf, phaanf lowns moij nguwowif taapj trung vaof cuoocj tranh gianhf khoanr tieenf kys guwir cuar daan chungs – mootj mieengs banhs lowns voo cungf haaps daanx – giuwax ngaan hangf nuwowcs ngoaif vowis ngaan hangf nooij ddiaj. Tuy nhieen, treen thuwcj tees, ddieeuf nguy hieemr hown laf cacs ngaan hangf cos voons ddaauf tuw nuwowcs ngoaif nayf sex thoong qua vieecj cung caaps tins dungj cho cacs doanh nghieepj vaf nguwowif daan Trung Quoocs ddeer truwcj tieeps nhungs tay vaof vieecj phats hanhf tieenf teej cuar Trung Quoocs. Thoong qua chees ddooj duwj truwx vangf cucj booj, Ngaan hangf cos voons ddaauf tuw nuwowcs ngoaif sex ddoongf loatj ddaayr manhj tieens trinhf tieenf teej hoas cuar cacs khoanr nowj vay cuar nhaf nuwowcs, doanh nghieepj vaf nguwowif daan Trung Quoocs. “Ddoongf nhaan daan teej vay muwownj” do cacs ngaan hangf cos voons nuwowcs ngoaif nayf phats hanhf sex tieens saau vaof been trong cow theer cuar neenf kinh tees Trung Quoocs thoong qua raats nhieeuf phuwowng thuwcs nhuw chi phieeus ngaan hangf, ngaan phieeus ddinhj muwcs ngaan hangf, ther tins dungj, cho vay thees chaaps baats ddoongj sanr, cho vay voons luwu ddoongj doanh nghieepj, sanr phaamr taif chinhs phais sinh. Suoots maays chucj nawm nay, cacs doanh nghieepj vuwaf vaf nhor taij Trung Quoocs moir mawts troong chowf khoanr vay tuwf cacs ngaan hangf quoocs doanh ddoongf thowif phair chiuj dduwngj suwj thowf ow gher lanhj cuar hoj. Neeus vis nhu caauf cuar cacs doanh nghieepj vuwaf vaf nhor ddoois vowis voons gioongs nhuw cuir khoo thif khar nawng ddaps uwngs nhu caauf cuar cacs ngaan hangf cos voons ddaauf tuw nuwowcs ngoaif chawngr khacs naof luwar manhj. Nhuw vaayj, ddooi been chawngr henj maf gawpj, vaf bowir thees maf cown hoar hoanj tins dungj tranf lan owr Trung Quoocs laf hoanf toanf cos theer duwj baos dduwowcj. Luwowngj voons lowns sex dduwowcj ddoor vafo cacs coong trinhf xaay duwngj vowis quy moo lowns, vaatj gias tieeu dungf sex bij sieets chawtj, vaans ddeef lamj phats taif sanr sex cangf trowr neen gay go hown. Vowis vieecj sieets chawtj vaatj gias tieeu dungf vaf nanj lamj

phats taif sanr dieenx ra tranf lan, Trung Quoocs sex laam vaof canhr voo cungf khos khawn. Vaf trong lucs nayf, cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf quoocs tees sex bawts ddaauf chieens dichj “xens luoong cuwuf” ddeer tuwowcs ddoatj taif sanr cuar nguwowif daan Trung Quoocs. Cow hooij ddeer cacs nhaf ngaan hangf quoocs tees “gawtj hais” chinhs laf khi neenf kinh tees Trung Quoocs rowi vaof tinhf trangj suy supj. Thomas Jefferson – nguwowif cos coong laapj ra nuwowcs Myx – ddax cos mootj caau danh ngoon canhr baos nguwowif ddowif rawngf: “Neeus nguwowif daan Myx ddeer cho ngaan hangf tuw nhaan khoongs chees quyeenf phats hanhf tieenf teej cuar ddaats nuwowcs, thif truwowcs heets nhuwngx ngaan hangf nayf sex thoong qua lamj phats tieenf teej, sau ddos sieets chawtj lamj phats ddeer tuwowcs ddoatj taif sanr cuar nguwowif daan. Maix cho ddeens mootj ngayf, khi tinhr daayj, con cais cuar hoj sex nhaanj thaays mootj ddieeur rawngf, taats car ruoongj vuwownf nhaf cuwar ddaij lucj maf oong cha hoj caats coong khai phas ddax khoong canhs maf bay”. Hown hai trawm nawm ddax trooi qua, nhuwng lowif canhr baos cuar Thomas Jefferson duwowngf nhuw vaanx conf nguyeen gias trij vaf cos suwcs chaans ddoongj manhj ddoois vowis taats car chungs ta. Truwowcs ddaay, khi cacs ngaan hangf cos voons ddaauf tuw nuwowcs ngoaif chuwa ddoor booj vaof Trung Quoocs, tuy cos lowij dungj nanj lamj phats tieenf teej ddeer kieems lowij nhuaanj, nhuwng cacs ngaan hangf quoocs doanh cuar nuwowcs nayf tuyeetj ddoois khoong cos ys ddoof cungx nhuw khar nawng ddeer taoj ra tinhf trangj khan hieems tieenf teej nhawmf chieems ddoatj taif sanr cuar nguwowif daan. Sowr dix tuwf thuowr khai sinh laapj ddiaj ddeens nay, Trung Quoocs chuwa tuwngf ddoois mawtj vowis tinhf trangj khungr hoangr kinh tees nghieem trongj laf do khoong ai cos dax taam vaf khar nawng ddeer taoj ra khungr hoangr kinh tees. Sau khi cacs Nhaf ngaan hangf Quoocs tees xaam nhaapj toanf dieenj vaof Trung Quoocs, tinhf hinhf nayf ddax thay ddooir hoanf toanf. Buwcs tuwowngf phongf nguwf taif chinhs ddoois nooij cuar Trung Quoocs nhawmf phongf nguwaf cacs ngaan hangf voons nuwowcs ngoaif taoj ra lamj phats taif chinhs ddeer thooir to quar bong bongs owr Trung

Quoocs, tieeps ddos sieets chawtj nguoonf vons ddeer taoj ra thaam hutj tieenf teej, buoocj hangf loatj doanh nghieepj vaf cacs nhaan phair ddongs cuwar hoawcj phas sanr, tuwf ddos thu mua laij khoois taif sanr quan trongj cuar Trung Quoocs vowis gias beof botj. Do vaayj, vowis cow quan quanr lys taif chinhs Trung Quoocs caanf phair nghieem tucs giams sats quy moo vaf phuwowng huwowngs phats hanhf tins dungj cuar cacs ngaan hangf cos voons ddaauf tuw nuwowcs ngoaif ddeer tieens hanhf ddieeuf tieets vix moo tyr leej vangf duwj truwx cungx nhuw thanhf phaanf vangf duwj truwx, ddeef phongf khar nawng cacs ngaan hangf cos voons nuwowcs ngoaif tieens hanhf tieenf teej hoas cacs khoanr coong nowj trong nuwowcs. Cacs ngaan hangf Trung Quoocs cungx caanf ddeef phongf khar nawng lieen minh, caau keets giuwax ngaan hangf cos voons nuwowcs ngoaif vowis quyx ddoois xung quoocs tees. Howpj ddoongf taif chinhs phais sinh dduwowcj kys keets giuwax cacs coong ty Trung Quoocs vaf cacs ngaan hangf nuwowcs ngoaif phair dduwowcj baos caos cho cacs cow quan quanr lys taif chinhs. Ddawcj bieetj laf caanf phair caanr trongj ddoois vowis howpj ddoongf taif chinhs phais sinh do ngaan hangf cos voons nuwowcs ngoaif kieemr ddinhj, ddeef phongf thur ddoanj taans coong tuwf xa cuar giowis taif phieetj quoocs tees ddoois vowis heej thoongs taif chinhs Trung Quoocs. Baif hocj tuwf cuoocj taans coong cuar cacs ngaan hangf quoocs tees nawm 1990 vaof thij truwowngf coor phieeus vaf thij truwowngf taif chinhs Nhaatj Banr vaanx conf nguyeen gias trij ddoois vowis taats car chungs ta. Buwcs tuwowngf phongf lux taif chinhs ddoois ngoaij cuar Trung Quoocs chur yeeus nhawmf baor veej ddaats nuwowcs khi heej thoongs USD rowi vaof khungr hoangr. Vowis khoanr nowj khoongr loof leen ddeens 44 nghinf tyr dollars, neenf kinh tees Myx ddang aanr chuwas nhieeuf nguy cow ruir ro lowns. Vieecj chi trar muwcs laix suaats khoongr loof tuwf cacs khoanr vay nowj chawngr khacs naof nhuwngx cown songs duwx ngayf ddeem xoo vaof con ddee yeeus taoj neen suwj dde doaj raats lowns ddoois vowis Trung Quoocs vaf cacs quoocs gia Ddoong Nam As khacs.

Trung Quoocs caanf phair hanhf ddoongj khaanr caaps, chuaanr bij choongs lux lutj taif chinhs vaf baor veej an toanf taif sanr cuar nhaan daan. Suwj maats gias nhanh chongs cuar ddoongf USD ddax khoong conf laf duwj baos nuwax maf laf suwj thuwcj ddang dieenx ra hangf ngayf. Traanj lux ddang aam thaamf, chir conf chowf nuwowcs lux tranf leen vaf xayr ra suwj coos vowx ddee, vaf haauj quar sex voo cungf nghieem trongj. Nguoonf duwj truwx ngoaij hoois cuar Trung Quoocs ddax owr vaof trangj thais ruir ro cao ddooj. Neeus cown baox taif chinhs xuaats hieenj mootj cachs thinhf linhf trong khi quar bongs sanr phaamr taif chinhs phais sinh vaf heej thoongs ddoongf USD ddax phinhf cawng cuwcj ddooj thif vangf vaf bacj sex laf chieecs thuyeenf cuwus sinh an toanf nhaats cho car thees giowis. Tawng cuwowngf duwj truwx vangf vaf bacj caur Trung Quoocs ddax trowr thanhf vaans ddeef khaanr thieets vaf caaps bachs hown bao giowf heets. # “Tichs luwowng thaor”Mowr roongj kho tichs truwx luwowng thuwcj, naang cao luwowngj duwj truwx vangf vaf bacj chinhs laf chuyeenj car quan laanx daan Trung Quoocs cungf phair lo. Cacs mor vangf bacj trong lanhx thoor Trung Quocos caanf phair dduwowcj tawng cuwowngf baor veej cow maatj nhuw taif sanr chieens luwowcj quan trongj nhaats ddoongf thowif phair dduwowcj tieens hanhf quoocs huwux hoas toanf dieenj. Treen binhf dieenj quoocs tees, caanf phair doocs suwcs mua vaof cacs coong ty sanr xuaats vangf bacj, xem ddos laf suwj boor xung taif nguyeen vangf bacj trong tuwowng lai cuar Trung Quoocs. Phuwowng huwowngs cuoois cungf cuar cair cachs tieenf teej Trung Quoocs chinhs laf xaay duwngj mootj “heej thoongs tieenf tej keps” vowis suwj baor ddamr cuar vangf bacj phuf howpj vowis tinhf hinhf Trung Quoocs, xacs ddinhj thuwowcs ddo caan bawngf tieenf teej oonr ddinh, hoanf thanhf vieecj chuaanr bij mang ys nghiax chieens luwowcj nhawmf bieens ddoongf nhaan daan teej thanhf tieenf teej tichs luyx chur yeeus cuar thees giowis. # “Hoanx xuwng vuwowng”

Chinhs phur Trung Quoocs caanf phair caan nhawcs cacs khos khawn cungx nhuw hanj chees cuar ddaats nuwowcs minhf. Suwj phats trieenr nooir trooij cuar cacs cuwowngf quoocs treen thees giowis luoon gawns lieenf vowis khar nawng sangs taoj vuwowtj trooij ddeer ddi leen, sanr xuaats ra mootj luwowngj lowns hangf hoas vaf dichj vuj mowis maf cacs nuwowcs khacs khoong theer lamf dduwowcj, taoj ra cacs phats minh sangs chees khoa hocj kyx thuaatj tieen tieens, dduwa ra nhuwngx tuw tuwowngr vaf lys luaanj xuaats sawcs ddeer daanx dawts vawn minh cuar thees giowis. Hieenj nay, Trung Quoocs dduwowcj ddanhs gias cao veef phuwowng dieenj moo phongr kyx thuaatj sanr xuaats cuar phuwowng Taay treen quy moo lowns, tuy nhieen, xets veef phuwowng dieenj sangs taoj cais mowis trong lys luaanj tuw tuwowngr vaf khoa hocj kyx thuaatj, Trung Quoocs vaanx conf raats yeeus kems. Ddawcj bieetj laf trong linhx vuwcj vawn hoas tuw tuwowntr, nguwowif Trung Quoocs thieeus longf tuwj tin vaof vawn minh cuar nuwowcs minhf. Bieeur hieenj chur yeeus cuar vieecj nayf laf nguwowif Trung Quoocs khoong phaan bieetj dduwowcj tinhs howpj lys vaf baats howpj lys cuar chees ddooj phuwowng Taay, thieeus suwj dungx camr trong vieecj phee phans nhuwngx sai laamf veef mawtj ddaoj dduwcs cuar phuwowng Taay, khoong dams thuwcj hieenj nhuwngx thuws maf phuwowng Taay khoong cos, thieeus suwj dungx camr trong vieecj taoj ra mootj quy tawcs mowis cho thees giowis. Taats car nhuwngx ddieeuf nayf khoong theer mootj sowms mootj chieeuf maf giair quyeets dduwowcj, vif vaayj Trung Quocos neen “hoanx xuwng vuwowng” ddeer cos theer muwu chuyeenj laau daif.

6. Con dduwowngf trowr thanhf nguoonf tieenf teej duwj truwx cuar thees giowis

Mootj cuwowngf quoocs thees giowis laf mootj ddaats nuwowcs maf neenf tangr vuwngx chawcs cuar nos khoong chir cos khoa hocj kyx thuaatj tieen tieens vaf tieemf luwcj quaan suwj hungf manhj. Chir khi naof xaay duwngj dduwowcj mootj heej thoongs tieenf teej vaf heej thoongs taif chinhs ddangs tin caayj mang taamf thees giowis thif quoocs gia ddos mowis cos theer giuwx dduwowcj vij thees baats baij trong moij cuoocj xung ddootj, xaay duwngj dduwowcj uy tins vuwngx chawcs trong tinhf hinhf thees giowis ddaayf bieens ddoongj khos luwowngf.

Neeus ddoongf USD maats ddi vai trof truj cootj trong heej thoongs tieenf teej thees giowis, cho duf ddiaj vij cuar Microsoft vaanx khoong ai cos theer thachs thuwcs, lieeuj nuwowcs Myx cos conf giuwx dduwowcj vij tris thoongs soais cuar minhf hay khoong? Lieeuj hoj cos conf nhaats ngoon cuwur ddinhr nuwax hay khoong? Cos conf laf “ngonj hair ddawng maf moij nguwowif treen toanf thees giowis huwowngs veef” nhuw truwowcs hay khoong? Dduwowcj xem laf ngooi sao trong tuwowng lai, Trung Quoocs taats yeeus sex phair xaay duwngj mootj heej thoongs taif chinhs tieenf teej ddangs tin caayj cho car thees giowis. Tieenf laf huyeets dichj cuar neenf kinh tees xax hooij loaif nguwowif. Nguwowif naof nawms giuwx vaf cung uwngs nguoonf huyeets dichj nayf, ker ddos sex cos dduwowcj suwcs manhj. Vaayj nguoonf huyeets dichj naof sex khieens cho thieen haj phair tuaan theo? Caau trar lowif laf: nguoonf huyeets dichj phair dduwowcj taoj ra tuwf mootj cow theer khoer manhj. Neeus nhieemx phair maamf beenhj “HIV” khoong thuoocs cuwus chuwax, laij conf truyeenf maus cho nguwowif khacs thif moo hinhf phats trieenr kinh tees vaf chees ddooj taif chinhs nooij taij sex nhanh chongs bij huyr dieetj. Ddoongf thowif, nguoonf huyeets dichj nayf phair laf nhoms O – tuwcs laf nhoms maus cos khar nawng cho maus roongj nhaats vaf khar nawng chaaps nhaanj cao nhaats. Vaayj heej thoongs taif chinhs tieenf teej nhuw thees naof dduwowcj goij laf “nhoms maus O” khoer manhj cuar Trung Quoocs trong tuwowng lai? Hieenj nay, Trung Quoocs laf nuwowcs thu dduwowcj mootj luwowngj lowns ngoaij teej thoong qua xuaats khaaur ddoongf thowif suwr dungj nguoonf ngoaij teej nayf ddeer mua mootj luwowngj lowns coong trais Myx. Vieecj nayf ddang laf mootj nguy cow tieemf aanr khos luwowngf. Tacs dungj phuj cuar moo hinhf kinh tees dungf xuaats khaaur lamf ddaauf tauf laf raats lowns maf banr banr chaats cuar moo hinhf nayf laf dungf coong nowj cuar Myx ddeer keos daif neenf kinh tees cuar minhf phats trieenr, trong khi nguwowif daan Myx khoong conf ddur suwcs chiuj dduwngj ganhs nawngj nowj naanf. Neeus tieeps tucj quy trinhf nayf, Trung Quoocs sex taoj neen suwj maats caan ddoois raats lowns trong cow caaus kinh tees xuaats khaaur cuar minhf, daanx ddeens khar nawng duw thuwaf sanr luwowngj traamf trongj vaf quas trinhf ddieeuf

chinhr trong tuwowng lai dduwowng nhieen cungx khos khawn gian khoor hown raats nhieeuf. Vaf nhuw vaayj, treen thuwcj tees, thaats baij nayf cuar Trung Quocos sex dduwowcj nhaan leen nhieeuf laanf. Phuwowng ans “giair phaaus” cawn beenhj nayf thoong qua mootj heej thoongs taif chinhs tieenf teej tuaanf hoanf tichs cuwcj dda nguyeen hoas mootj vaans ddeef raats lowns vaf phuwcs tapj. Trong cuoons sachs nayf, chungs ta chir taapj trung suy nghix timf toif veef mootj giar thuyeets – truyeenf sinh khis vaof vangf vaf bacj trong boois canhr dda nguyeen hoas. Vif ddax trair qua hanf nghinf nawm keets tinh lawngs ddongj, ddax cos ddaayf ddur ddooj tin caayj tuwj nhieen neen vangf bacj dduwowcj coi laf vaatj baor ddamr gias trij cho tieenf teej, vaf nhuw vaayj, chees ddooj tieenf teej dduwowcj ddamr baor bawngf vangf bacj chinhs laf con dduwowngf tawts dduwa ddoongf nhaan daan teej cuar Trung Quoocs trowr thanhf ddoongf tieenf duwj truwx cuar thees giowis. Chungs ta hayx theo giar thuyeets nayf ddeer tuwngf buwowcs khams phas ra nhuwngx ddieeuf mowis mer hown nuwax. Neeus nhuw mooix nawm mua vaof mootj luwowngj vangf khoangr 200 tyr USD vowis gias 650 dollars/ounce, chinhs phur vaf nguwowif daan Trung Quocos cos theer mua dduwowcj 9.500 taanf vangf, tuwowng dduwowng vowis vieecj mua dduwts luwowngj duwj truwx vangf hangf nawm cuar Myx (8.136 taans). Trong giai ddoanj mowr manf cuar chieens dichj, cacs nhaf ngaan hangf quoocs tees awts phair thoong qua coong cuj taif chinhs phais sinh ddeer khoongs chees gias vangf mootj cachs quyeets lieetj, cacs ngaan hangf Trung uwowng cuar cacs nuwowcs phuwowng Taay cos theer ra mawtj lieen keets vowis nhau bans phas gias vangf khieens gias vangf cos theer tamj thowif suy giamr. Neeus nhinf thaaus con ats chur baif cuar ddoois thur, Trung Quoocs sex nhaanj ra rawngf, hanhf ddoongj haj thaaps gias vangf laf mootj suwj vieenj trowj taif chinhs haof phongs nhaats trong lichj suwr cuar phuwowng Taay ddoois vowis Trung Quoocs. Neen nhhows rawngf, toongr luwowngj vangf maf thees giowis ddax khai thacs dduwowcj trong suoots 6.000 nawm qua chir cos 140 nghinf taans, vaf toongr luwowngj duwj truwx vangf treen soor sachs cuar cacs ngaan hangf trung uwowng Aau – Myx laf 21 nghinf taans vangf. Neeus tinhs theo gias vangf hieenj taij (650 dollars/ ounce) thif

soos vangf nayf chir cos gias trij 400 tyr USD, vaf luwowngj thawngj duw maauj dichj cuar Trung Quocos lowns ddeens nhuw vaayj thif vieecj tieeu hoas luwowngj duwj truwx vangf 400 tyr USD chawngr qua chir laf vieecj cuar vaif ba nawm truwowcs ddaay. “Ddanj duwowcj” cuar cacs Ngaan hangf Trung uwowng Aau – Myx sex dduwowcj bawns heets sachj trong thowif gian khoong daif lawms. Neeus Trung Quoocs thu mua vangf vowis toocs ddooj lieen tucj nhuw vaayj trong nawm nawm thif gias vangf quoocs tees sex leo thang vuwowtj quas giowis hanj laix suaats ddoongf USD daif hanj voons do cacs ngaan hangf quoocs tees taoj neen. Vaf nhuw vaayj, moij nguwowif sex cos haan hanj taanj mawts chuwngs kieens suwj supj ddoor cuar heej thoongs ddoongf USD voons dduwowcj xem laf lowns manhj nhaats thees giowis. Vaans ddeef khoong phair laf Trung Quoocs cos theer dungf gias vangf ddanhs saapj heej thoongs USD hay khoong maf laf Trung Quoocs cos muoons hay khoong. Ddoois vowis ddoongf USD, gias vangf vaanx laf vaans ddeef sinh tuwr. Chir caanf nguoonf tin Trung Quoocs ddinhj mua vaof luwowngj vangf trij gias 200 tir USD dduwowcj truyeenf ddi, chawcs chawns Booj truwowngr taif chinhs Myx vaf Chur tichj Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bangf nuwowcs nayf sex laapj tuwcs leen cown tawng xoong. Thaamj chis, Myx sex caan nhawcs vaans ddeef Ddaif Loan – mootj cais gai nhonj ddoois vowis Trung Quoocs suoots maays chucj nawm nay. Vaans ddeef “cuwus Ddaif Loan hay cuwus ddoongf dollar” sex dduwowcj dduwa leen banf caan ddeer suy xets. Duf khoong theer ddi chung vowis Myx treen mawtj traanj taif chinhs, song neeus Myx dduwa ra ddieeuf kieenj howpj lys, Trung Quocs vaanx cos theer howpj tacs vowis Myx ddeer cuwus ddoongf dollar. Cungf vowis vieecj tuwngf buwowcs tawng cuwowngf luwowngj duwj truwx vangf trong daan chungs cungx nhuw owr caaps nhaf nuwowcs, Trung Quoocs cos theer tieens hanhf cair cachs tieenf teej, tuwngf buwowcs dduwa vangf vaf bacj tham gia vaof heej thoongs tieenf teej. Tuwngf buwowcs thuwcj hieenj quas trinhf chuyeenr bieens hoas ddoongf tieenf Trung Quoocs theo chees ddooj banr vij vangf vaf bacj, theer chees

tieenf teej cuar Trung Quocs sex taoj ra mootj coongs hieens lowns ddoois vowis neenf kinh tees thees giowis. Vieecj chuyeenr bieens hoas cuar ddoongf tieenf Trung Quoocs cos theer tieens hanhf theo tuwngf giai ddoanj. Vieecj cos theer lamf truwowcs heets laf “coong trais kim bieen” (coong trais dduwowcj baor damr bawngf vangf) vaf “coong trais ngaan bieen” (coong trais dduwowcj baor ddamr bawngf bacj) do Booj taif chinhs phats hanhf, dungf vangf vaf bacj ddeer keets toans vaf laix coong trais. Chawngr hanj lowij tuwcs cuar “coong trais kim bieen” kyf hanj 5 nawm cos theer dduwowcj xacs ddinhj owr muwcs tuwf 1% - 2%. Do vangf dduwowcj xem laf phuwowng phaps keets toans cuoois cungf cuar voons vaf laix neen nguwowif daan sex hawng hais mua coong trais thuws sanr phaamr taif chinhs cos tacs dungj “baor ddamr gias trij cuar cair” thaatj suwj nayf. Treen thij truwowngf giao dichj coong trais, suwj cheenh leechj giuwax tyr suaats sinh lowif cuar “coong trais kim bieen” vaf “coong trais ngaan bieen”so vowis tyr leej sinh lowif cuar coong trais quoocs gia phoor thoong cungf kyf hanj vaf cungf muwcs gias sex phanr anhs chaan thuwcj muwcs ddooj tieeps nhaanj cuar thij truwowngf ddoois vowis vangf vaf bacj. Tham soos quan trongj nayf sex dduwowcj xem nhuw laf heej tham chieeus this ddieemr cho giai ddoanj tieeps theo. Giai ddoanj thuws hai laf vieecj ddieeuf chinhr laij cow caaus duwj truwx vangf cuar heej thoongs ngaan hangf. Vieecj duwj truwx vangf cuar cacs ngaan hangf- baats keer laf ngaan hangf nuwowcs ngoaif hay laf ngaan hangf quoocs doanh – caanf phair bao hamf mootj tyr leej vangf hoawcj bacj nhaats ddinhj ddoongf thowif giamr thieeur tyr leej coong nowj trong soos tieenf duwj truwx. Tyr leej vangf bacj trong heej thoongs duwj truwx tieenf teej cangf cao, heej soos khuyeechs ddaij cho vay cangf cao, vaf tuwowng tuwj, tyr leej coong nowj cangf lowns thif khar nawng cho vay sex giamr thaaps xuoongs. Ngaan hangf trung uwowng caanf phair chaams duwts moij ngaan phieeus vay muwownj ddinhj kyf khoong phair laf vangf vaf bacj. Cachs lamf nayf sex cungr coos ddiaj vij cuar vangf vaf bacj trong heej thoongs tieenf teej Trung Quoocs, lamf gia tawng nhu caauf cuar ngaan hangf ddoois vowis vangf vaf bacj.

Khoong cos vangf bacj lamf duwj truwx, khar nawng phats hanhf tins dungj cuar cacs ngaan hangf sex giamr xuoongs. Ddoongf thowif, heej thoongs ngaan hangf sex tuwngf buwowcs loaij bor ngaan phieeus coon nowj ra khoir heej thoongs luwu thoong tieenf teej. Ngaan hangf sex camr thaays thoair mais hown trong vieecj mowr ra dichj vuj uyr thacs tieets kieemj hay kinh doanh vangf bacj. Vaf nhuw vaayj, thij truwowngf luwu thoong cuar vangf vaf bacj sex dduwowcj hinhf thanhf treen phamj vi toanf quoocs. Cacs nganhf ngheef cos lowij nhuaanj cao trong toanf quoocs nhuw baats ddoongj sanr, ngaan hangf, thuoocs las, buwu ddieenj, daauf mor ddeeuf phair noopj thuees doanh nghieepj vowis tyr leej vangf vaf bacj nhaats ddinhj, taoj ra suwj kichs thichs nhu caauf cuar thij truwowngf ddoois vowis vangf vaf bacj. Giai ddoanj thuws ba laf dungf vangf vaf bacj cuar Booj taif chinhs lamf thees chaaps ddeer phats hanhf tieenf giaays vangf vaf ddoongf giaays bacj Trung Quoocs. Theo ddos, ddoongf giaays vangf sex trowr thanhf thuwowcs ddo chuaanr cuar tieenf teej Trung Quoocs. Cawn cuws vaof tinhf hinhf duwj truwx vangf vaf bacj cuar Trung Quoocs, mooix mootj ddoongf giaays vangf Trung Quocos dduwowcj xacs ddinhj sex cos bao nhieeu gam vangf. Ddoongf giaays vangf Trung Quoocs chur yeeus dungf ddeer keets toans maauj dichj cacs hangf hoas chinhs yeeus thoong qua chuyeenr khoanr giuwax cacs ngaan hangf vowis vieecj chi trar owr quy mo lowns. Vowis mootj soos luwowngj nhaats ddinhj, nguwowif ta cos theer ddem ddoongf giaays vangf Trung Quoocs ddeens Booj taif chinhs ddeer hoans ddooir vangf. Conf ddoongf giaays bacj Trung Quoocs cos theer dduwowcj dungf lamf tieenf teej phuj trowj, trong mooix mootj ddoongf giaays bacj cos chuwas mootj luwowngj bacj nhaats ddinhj, chur yeeus dungf cho vieecj thanh toans cacs khoanr chi nhor. Vowis mootj soos luwowngj nhaats ddinhj, nguwowif ta cos theer ddem ddoongf giaays bacj Trung Quoocs ddeens Booj taif chinhs ddeer hoans ddooir thanhf bacj. Tyr gias giuwax ddoongf giaays vangf vaf ddoongf giaays bacj sex do Ngaan hangf trung uwowng coong boos vaf ddieeuf chinhr ddinhj kyf. Nguyeen lys “tieenf xaaus taats nhieen sex ddaayr luif tieenf toots khoir luwu thoong” thuwowngf dduwowcj nhieeuf nguwowif nhawcs ddeens.

Treen thuwcj tees, vieecj nayf caanf mootj ddieeuf kieenj tieenf ddeef quan trongj: suwj can thieepj cuar chinhs phur, dungf uy luwcj cuwowngx chees ddeer quy ddinhj tieenf xaaus cos gias trij ngang vowis tieenf toots. Treen thij truwowngf tuwj nhieen, tinhf hinhf laij hoanf toanf nguwowcj laij, tieenf toots taats nhieen sex ddaayr luif tieenf xaaus khoir luwu thoong, bowir vif treen thij truwowngf, chawngr cos ai muoons chaaps nhaanj tieenf xuaaus car. Khi Trung Quoocs luwu hanhf ddoongf giaays bacj vaf ddoongf giaays vangf, treen thij truwowngf vaanx luwu thoong ddoongf nhan daan teej phoor thoong. Chinhs phur caanf quy ddinhj rox cacs khoanr thuees phair dduwowcj noopj bawngf ddoongf vangf vaf ddoongf bacj Trung Quoocs, vaf thij truwowngf cos theer tuwj do luwaj chonj ddoongf bacj, ddoongf vangf Trung Quoocs hoawcj ddoongf nhaan daan teej phoor thoong ddeer ddinhj gias, conf thij truwowngf taif chinhs sex cawn cuws vaof moois cung caauf ddeer quyeets ddinhj tyr gias giuwax ddoongf vangf – ddoongf bacj Trung Quoocs vowis ddoongf nhaan daan teej phoor thoong. Lucs nayf, ngwowif ta sex nhaanj thaays rawngf, suwcs mua trong tins dungj cuar ddoongf nhaan daan teej phoor thoong Ngaan hangf thuwowng maij phats hanhf sex giamr suts so vowis ddoongf giaays vangf – ddoongf giaays bacj Trung Quoocs. Tyr gias cuar hai loaij tieenf teej sex theer hieenj mootj cachs rox nets thoong tin nayf treen thij truwowngf taif chinhs. Booj taif chinhs caanf phair laf cow quan chiuj trachs nhieemj kieemr soats cuoois cungf ddoois vowis vieecj phats hanhf cuar ddoongf giaays vangf- ddoongf giaays bacj Trung Quoocs chuws khoong phair laf heej thoongs ngaan hangf thuwowng maij. Nguyeen nhaan raats ddown gianr: nguwowif daan laf nhuwngx nguwowif sangs taoj ra cuar cair, vaf cuar cair ddos phair thuoocj veef hoj, tuw nhaan khoong dduwowcj pheps lungx ddoanj vaf can thieepj vaof vieecj phats hanhf tieenf teej. Tinhf hinhf xuaats khaaur cuar Trung Quoocs sex tuwngf buwowcs giamr suts trong khi ddoongf giaays vangf bacj cuar Trung Quoocs manhj leen. Tuy nhieen, treen thuwcj tees, cacs vongf giamr beos GDP nayf khoong theer khoong cos dduwowcj. Khi luwowngj phats hanhf ngayf cangf lowns thif ddoongf giaays vangf vaf bacj Trung Quoocs nhaats ddinhj sex trowr thanhf tieeu ddieemr chus

ys cuar giowis taif chinhs thees giowis. Do cos theer hoans ddooir tuwj do thanhf vangf hoawcj bacj neen ddoongf giaays vangf vaf bacj Trung Quoocs sex laf thuws tieenf teej vuwngx manhj treeen thees giowis vaf sex trowr thanhf tieenf teej duwj truwx dduwowcj luwaj chonj hangf ddaauf cuar cacs nuwowcs treen thees giowis trong thowif ddaij “haauj USD”. Cuar cair voons dix tuwj ddoongj chayr veef nowi cos theer baor veej nos vaf khieens nos tawng gias trij. Vowis suwcs sangs taoj ra caur cair hungf manhj vaf ddoongf tieenf oonr ddinhj, Trung Quoocs sex trowr thanhf trung taam tichs tuj nguoonf taif sanr cuar thees giowis.

PHUJ LUCJ

1. Trung Quoocs mowr cuwar thij truwowngf taif chinhsRuir ro lowns nhaats cuar vieecj mowr cuwar thij truwowngf taif chinhs Trung Quoocs laf thij truwowngf nayf thieeus ys thuwcs “phongf bij chieens tranh”. Vaans ddeef maf ddaij dda soos hocj giar vaf nhuwngx nguwowif hoachj ddinhj chieens luwowcj quan taam khi nghieen cuwus vaans ddeef ruir ro cuar vieecj mowr cuwar thij truwowngf taif chinhs Trung Quoocs laf ruir ro veef mawtj “chieens thuaatj”. Vis duj, ruir ro cuar vieecj ngaan hangf nuwowcs ngoaif ddaauf tuw khoongs chees thij truwowngf chuwngs khoans, ruir ro quanr lys cacs toor chuwcs taif chinhs, ruir ro thij truwowngf cho vay baats ddoongj sanr, ruir ro mowr cuwar thij truwowngf taif khoanr tuw banr, ruir ro ddoongf nhaan daan teej tawng gias, ruir ro maats kieemr soats been trong cuar ngaan hangf quoocs huwux, ruir ro cuar thij truwowngf sanr phaamr phais sinh taif chinhs, ruir ro xung ddootj cuar thoar thuaanj Basel v.v…. Thuwcj ra, ruir ro lowns nhaats cuar vieecj mowr cuwar taif chinhs bawts nguoonf tuwf “caaps ddooj chieens luwowcj”, vif veef banr chaats, mootj khi Trung Quocos mowr cuwar thij truwowngf taif chinhs thif nuwowcs nayf cungx ddax tham gia vaof “cuoocj chieens tranh tieenf teej”. Thieeus ys thuwcs vaf suwj chuaanr bij cho chieens tranh laf ruir ro lowns nhaats truwowcs mawts cuar Trung Quoocs!

Hieeur vieecj mowr cuwar thij truwowngf taif chinhs cungx gioongs nhuw mowr cuwar cacs nganhf ngheef binhf thuwowngf laf mootj ddieeuf cuwcj kyf nguy hieemr. Tieenf teej laf mootj loaij hangf hoas, nhuwng khacs vowis cacs loaij hangf hoas khacs. Nos laf thuws hangf hoas maf moij nganhf ngheef, moij toor chuwcs, moij cas nhaan ddeeuf caanf ddeens. Khoongs chees phats hanhf tieenf teej laf hinhf thuwcs cao nhaats trong cacs hinhf thuwcs lungx ddoanj taif chinhs!Vieecj phats hanhf tieenf teej cuar Trung Quoocs voons dix do chinhs phur khoongs chees, chir cos cachs nayf mowis cos theer ddamr baor suwj coong bawngf cow banr trong toor chuwcs xax hooij. Ngay sau khi cacs ngaan hangf nuwowcs ngoaif tieens vaof Trung Quoocs, quyeenf phats hanhf tieenf teej cuar nuwowcs nayf sex owr vaof tinhf thees nguy hiemr. Moij nguwowif sex cho rawngf tieenf teej cuar Trung Quoocs laf tieenf giaays nhaan daan teej, chir cos chinhs phur mowis cos theer in aans vaf phats hanhf tieenf teej, vaf banr thaan cacs ngaan hangf nuwowcs ngoaif lamf sao cos theer in dduwowcj ddoongf nhaan daan teej cuar minhf. Thuwcj ra, cacs ngaan hanf quoocs tees voons dix chawngr caanf in aans ddoongf nhaan daan teej cungx cos theer “sangs taoj” ra nguoonf cung uwngs tieenf teej. Hoj sex ddem theo mootj luwowngj lowns sanr phaamr taif chinhs “mowis toanh” vaof Trung Quoocs, khieens nguwowif ta phair hoa mawts boois roois. Hoj dungf cacs phuwowng phaps sangs taoj ra coong cuj nowj vaf tieenf teej hoas cacs sanr phaarm maf hoj ddem theo. Ddaay chinhs laf “tinhs luwu ddoongj” cuar sanr phaamr tuwowng tuwj nhuw tieenf teej. Nhuwngx loaij sanr phaamr taif chinhs nayf hoanf toanf cos ddaayf ddur suwcs mua cuar tieenf teej trong linhx vuwcj kinh tees thuwcj theer. Tuwf gocs ddooj nayf cos theer nois, ngaan hangf nuwowcs ngoaif sex tham duwj vaof suwj phats hanhf tieenf teej cuar ddoongf nhaan daan teej Trung Quoocs. Khi toongr luwowngj tins dungj bawngf ddoongf nhaan daan teej do cacs ngaan hangf nuwowcs ngoaif “sangs taoj” ra vuwowtj quas muwcs cuar ngaan hanf thuwowng maij quoocs doanh thif treen thuwcj tees hoj cos theer ddur suwcs “treo coor” Ngaan hangf Trung uwowng Trung Quoocs, khoongs chees quyeenf phats hanhf tieenf teej cuar Trung Quoocs! Hoj sex cos ddur nawng luwcj vaf muwu ddoof ddeer khoongs chees dao

ddoongj cung uwngs tieenf teej mootj cachs ddaayf acs ys. Hoj suwr dungj kheos leos coong cuj lamj phats tieenf teej vaf sieets chawtj tieenf teej ddeer tuwowcs ddoatj taif sanr cuar nguwowif daan Trung Quoocs, gioons nhuw cacs cuoocj khungr hoangr kinh tees ddax xuaats hieenj lapj ddi lawpj laij trong lichj suwr. Khi cacs thees luwcj ngaan hangf nuwowcs ngoaif ngayf cangf manhj, hoj sex thoong qua cacs hinhf thuwcs giao dichj giuwax tieenf vaf quyeenf, giuwax tieenf vowis tieenf, giuwax tieenf bacj vaf danh duwj, giuwax tieenf bacj vaf hocj thuaatj ddeer hinhf thanhf neen mootj thees traanj “lieen howpj hunf manhj” cuar “taapj ddoanf lowij ichs ddawcj thuf sieeu caaps” chuwa tuwngf cos owr Trung Quocos. Hoj sex cung caaps tins ddungj ddeer tuwowngr thuwowngr cho cacs cow quan ddiaj phuwowng “taam ddaauf ys howpj” vowis hoj, sex dungf tieenf vaf sawcs ducj ddeer “booif duwowngx” nhuwngx ngooi sao chinhs trij mowis “cos tieemf luwcj” nhawmf mong nhaanj dduwowcj suwj baos ddaps veef mawtj chinhs trij trong tuwowng lai laau daif. Hoj sex thoong qua cacs quyx ddaauf tuw nghieen cuwus hocj thuaatj ddeer “khuyeens khichs vaf ungr hooj” cacs thanhf tuwuj nghieen cuwus cos lowij cho hoj. Hoj sex taif trowj motj luwowngj lowns kinh phis cho cacs toor chuwcs xax hooij ddeer tacs ddoongj ddeens cacs chuwowng trinhf nghij suwj chung, tuwf ddos maf hinhf thanhf neen “mootj ys thuwcs heej” lowns manhj tuwf treen xuoongs duwowis. Hoj sex haof phongs ungr hooj suwj hoatj ddoongj theo huwowngs thij truwowngf hoas cuar cacs giowis truyeenf thoong ddeer phanr anhs “suwj phee binhf tichs cuwcj” cuar xax hooij vowis ngaan hangf nuwowcs ngoaif. Hoj sex suwr dungj voons ddaauf tuw ddeer baos ddaps laij nhuwngx toor chuwcs xax hooij cos ichs cho hoj, sex manhj tay ddaauf tuw vaof nganhf y tees, bao goomf car y hocj coor truyeenf nups bongs mootj cachs cos heej thoongs, tuwngf buwowcs tieens hanhf xaam nhaapj vaof linhx vuwcj giaos ducj, heej thoongs phaps luaatj, thaamj chis laf heej thoongs quaan ddooij. Quan ddieemr cuar hoj laf, trong xax hooij hangf hoas sex khoong cos ai ddur suwcs “mieenx dichj” ddoois vowis tieenf bacj. Cacs thees luwcj ngaan hangf nuwowcs ngoaif cungx thoong qua ddaauf tuw ddeer khoongs chees nganhf ngheef quoocs huwux nongf coots nhuw: vieenx thoong, daauf mor, giao thoong, hangf khoong, coong

nghieepj quoocs phongf cuar Trung Quoocs, vif chawngr cos quy ddinhj phaps luaatj naof ngawn canr cacs nganhf nayf rowi vaof tay cuar cacs ngaan hangf nuwowcs ngoaif. Mootj khi trowr thanhf nguwowif cung caaps cacs khoanr voons chur yeeus cuar cacs nganhf nawms quyeenf khoongs chees trong neenf kinh tees cuar Trung Quoocs, cacs ngaan hangf nuwowcs ngoaif sex nawms giuwx machj maus “taif sanr coots loix” nayf cuar Trung Quoocs. Hoj cos theer cawts dduwts daay chuyeenf voons cuar cacs doanh nghieepj trongj yeeus nayf baats cuws lucs naof, tuwf ddos daanx ddeens suwj tee lieetj cuar nganhf sanr xuaats trongj taam caur Trung Quoocs. Cacs ngaan hangf nuwowcs ngoaif vaof Trung Quoocs dduwowng nhieen laf ddeer kieems tieenf, nhuwng khoong nhaats ddinhj phair kieems tieenf theo cachs binhf thuwowngf. Ruir ro chieens luwowcj maf vieecj mowr cuwar taif chinhs phair ddoois mawtj khoong heef ddown gianr nhuw banr thaan cuar nganhf taif chinhs maf nos bao hamf toanf booj cacs phuwowng dieenj cuar xax hooij Trung Quoocs. Chir caanf mootj chuts baats trawcs thif haauj quar sex khoon luwowngf. Ddieeuf ddangs tieecs laf trong danh sachs cacs nganhf quoocs doanh dduwowcj Trung Quoocs baor hooj, tuyeetj nhieen khoong cos nganhf taif chinhs, mootj nganhf ddangs ra phair dduwowcj baor hooj trongj ddieemr nhaats. Truwowcs mawt, cacs ngaan hangf quoocs doanh Trung Quoocs hoanf toanf khoong phair laf ddoois thur cuar cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf Aau – Myx ddax tuwngf “lawn loonj giang hoof” hown hai trawm nawm. Ddieeuf nayf chawngr khacs naof bawts mootj moon sinh nhaapj moon ddi ddoj suwcs vowis nhaf voo ddichj, chawngr caanf phair tuwowngr tuwowngj quas nhieeuf thif nguwowif ta cungx bieets dduwowcj keets quar cuoois cungf cuar cuoocj ddoj suwcs nayf. Duf ruir ro chieens luwowcj cuar vieecj mowr cuwar taif chinhs sex lieen quan ddeens toanf cuoocj cho neen cacs cow quan quanr lys nhuw uyr ban giams sats ngaan hangf, uyr ban giams sats chuwngs khoans, uyr bangiams sats baor hieemr ddax khooong theer ganhs vacs trachs nhieemj nawngj neef ddeer giams sats ruir ro chieens luwowcj tuwf vieecj mowr cuwar nayf. Cho neen chinhs phur Trung Quoocs caanf phair xaay duwngj mootj “uyr ban an toanf taif chinhs quoocs gia” ddeer thoongs nhaats ba toor chuwcs nayf laij vowis nhau, vaf truwcj thuoocj quanr lys

cuar caaps hoachj ddinhj chieens luwowcj; tawng cuwowngf suwcs manhj nghieen cuwus tinhf baos taif chinhs, tawng cuwowngf coong tacs nghieen cuwus phaan tichs cacs phuwowng dieenj nhuw bois canhr nhaan vieen, ddieeuf ddoongj voons, chieens luwowcj ddoois vowis ngaan hangf nuwowcs ngoaif; xaay duwngj chees ddooj phaan caaps baor maatj an toanf taif chinhs quoocs gia, nhuwngx nguwowif nawms quyeenf hoachj ddinhj chieens luwowcj taif chinhs quoocs gia caanf phair dduwowcj sats hachj thoong qua chees ddooj nayf. Caanf phair caan nhawcs ddeens vieecj tieens hanhf “hanj chees longr” ddoois vowis cacs nganhf ngheef vaf ngaan hangf nuwowcs ngoaif cos theer vowis ddeens; xaay duwngj cacs phuwowng ans duwj phongf ddeer uwngs phos cacs cuoocj khungr hoangr taif chinhs xayr ra ddootj ngootj cho Trung Quoocs, vaf tieens hanhf cuwr duyeetj ddinhj kyf. An toanf taif chinhs ddoois vowis Trung Quoocs laf mootj vaans ddeeef caanf phair giams sats nghieem ngawtj hown car vux khis hatj nhaan chieens luwowcj. Truwowcs khi xaay duwngj dduwowcj mootj cow chees kieemr soats an toanf taif chinhs, vieecj chinhs phur mowr cuwar thij truowwngf taif chinhs chawngr khacs naof ddang xaay con dduwowngf ddeer ruwowcs hoaj vaof nhaf.

2. Caanf chur quyeenf tieenf teej hay laf caanf oonr ddinhj tieenf teej?

Chur quyeenf tieenf teej laf mootj trong nhuwngx quyeenf cow banr nhaats khoong theer tuwowcs ddoatj cuar mootj quoocs gia cos chur quyeenf. Nos trao trachs nhieemj cho mootj quoocs gia cos chur quyeenf hoachj ddinhj chinhs sachs phats hanhf tieenf teej cawn cuws vaof tinhf hinhf cuar nuwowcs minhf. Chur quyeenf tieenf teej dduwowng nhieen cao hown taats car cacs quyeenf lowij ngoaij lai khacs, bao goomf taats car cacs heej thoongs quoocs tees, cungx nhuw cacs aps luwcj chinhs trij been ngoaif. Chur quyeenf tieenf teej phair phucj vuj cho lowij ichs cawn banr cuar nguwowif daan banr quoocs. Baor veej duy trif oonr ddinhj tieenf teej tuwcs laf baor veej duy trif oonr ddinhj gias trij tieenf teej cuar mootj nuwowcs trong heej thoongs tieenf teej quoocs tees nhawmf taoj ra mootj mooi truwowngf sinh thais phats

trieenr, neenf kinh tees thoong thoangs vaf binhf oonr cho cacs nganhf ngheef quoocs nooij. Hieenj taij, cais khos cuar Trung Quoocs nawms owr choox hoj chir cos theer luwaj chonj hoawcj chur quyeenf tieenf teej hoawcj oonr ddinhj tieenf teej. Neeus chonj baor veej chur quyeenf ddoongf Nhaan daan teej thif nuwowcs nayf sex ddois mawtj vowis haauj quar ddoongf Nhaan daan teej tawng gias, conf neeus theo dduooir suwj oonr ddinhj cow banr veef tyr suaats hoois ddoais giuwax ddoongf Nhaan daan teej vaf ddoongf USD thif sex maats ddi chur quyeenf tieenf teej. Chinhs sachs hieenj taij cuar Trung Quoocs laf ddeer phats trieenr kinh tees khoong theer khoong theo dduooir suwj oonr ddinhj vaf gatj bor chur quyeenf tieenf teej. Cais nguy cuar cachs luwaj chonj nayf nawmf owr choox, Cucj Duwj truwx Lieen bang Myx ddang can duwj raats nhieeuf vaof luwowngj cung caaps tieenf teej cuar Trung Quoocs. Do Trung Quoocs chonj chees ddooj keets noois cuwowngx chees neen Myx cos theer tawng cuwowngf thaam hutj thuwowng maij ddoois vowis Trung Quoocs ddeer eps ngaan hangf trung uwowng Trung Quoocs phair phats hanhf theem tieenf teej mowis. Vowis suwj giups ddowx cuar ngaan hangf thuwowng maij, khoanr tieenf phats hanhf theem nayf sex dduwowcj nhaan banr leen gaaps hangf trawm nghinf laanf, lamj phats tranf lan, thij truwowngf baats ddoongj sanr vaf coor phieeus rowi vaof trangj thais bungf noor kieeur bong bongs, lamf xaaus ddi traamf trongj mooi truwowngf sinh thais taif chinhs cuar Trung Quoocs. Ddeer binhf oonr lamj phats, chinhs phur vaf ngaan hangf trung uwowng laij phair phats hanhf theem coong trais quoocs gia vaf ngaan phieeus ddinhj muwcs cuar ngaan hangf trung uwowng ddeer ruts laij soos tieenf thuwaf muwas trong luwu thoong. Nhuwng hanhf ddoongj nayf laij lamf tawng theem ganhs nawngj nowj naanf cuar chinhs phur, maf nhuwngx khoanr nowj nayf sowms muoonj gif cungx phair hoanf trar car goocs laanx laix. Mootj chieens luwowcj taif chinhs hoanf toanf bij ddoongj nhuw vaayj quar thaatj laf cuwcj kyf baats lowij ddoois vowis Trung Quocos. Neeus ddoongf USD vaanx conf owr ddiaj vij tieenf teej tichs luyx cuar thees giowis thif Trung Quoocs khoong theer thoats khoir dduwowcj cucj dieenj nayf. Veef cow banr, vieecj thucs ddaayr quas trinhf tieenf teej hoas vangf laf phuwowng phaps duy nhaats ddeer taoj ra mooi truwowngf

sinh thais taif chinhs tuwj do, coong bawngf vaf haif hoas cho cacs nuwowcs treen thees giowis. Trong tinhf hinhf thij truwowngf tyr suaats hoois ddoais quoocs tees dao ddoongj duwx dooij, cais gias kinh tees maf cacs quoocs gia treen thees giowis phair trar thuwcj laf heets suwcs ddawts ddor vaf ddau ddowns, ddawcj bieetj laf cacs quoocs gia giauf taif nguyeen khoangs sanr cangf chiuj suwj toonr thuwowng nawngj neef hown. Neeus mootj buwowcs khos cos theer thanhf coong ngay, thif cacs nuwowcs cungx phair coos gawngs thucs ddaayr tieens trinhf dda nguyeen hoas tieenf teej tichs luyx cuar thees giowis vowis sachs luwowcj chia ddeer trij.

3. Tieenf teej tawng gias vaf chuwngs “roois loanj nooij tieets” cuar heej thoongs taif chinhs

Nhaatj Banr dduwowcj xem laf taams guwowng phanr chieeus ddaayf ddur nhaats nhuwngx haauj quar kinh tees vaf xax hooij cuar vieecj tieenf teej tawng gias duwx dooij. Neenf kinh tees Nhaatj Banr tieeu ddieeuf trong thowif gian daif, dduwowng nhieen cos nhaan toos khachs quan nooij taij cuar nos, nhuwng vieecj thieeus chuaanr bij tuw tuwowngr ddoois vowis cuoocj chieens tranh taif chinhs” maf Myx phats ddoongj mootj cachs ddootj ngootj cungx laf mootj trong nhuwngx nhaan toos quan trongj nhaats. Nawm 1941, Nhaatj Banr phats ddoongj suwj kieenj “ddanhs ups Traan Chaau cangr”, khieens cho quaan Myx chawngr kipj trowr tay, conf nuwowcs Myx ddax ddaps laij Nhaatj Banr bawngf mootj cuoocj “chieens tranh chowps nhoangs veef taif chinhs” vaof nawm 1990, tuwcs laf sau gaanf nuwar thees kyr, vaf nhuw vaayj, ddooi been ddeeuf xem nhuw hoaf. Kitsusengenchu – tacs giar cuoons sachs “Thaats baij taif chinsh” xots xa cho rawngf, neeus cawn cuws theo tyr leej toor thaats cuar cair maf nois, haauj quar cuar thaats baij taif chinhs nawm 1990 cuar Nhaatj Banr gaanf nhuw tuwowng dduwowng vowis toonr thaas maf cuoocj chieens tranh thees giowis laanf thuws hai gaay ra cho nuwowcs nayf. Nhaatj Banr vaf Trung Quoocs cungx gioongs nhuw nhau, ddeeuf laf nhuwngx quoocs gia ddieenr hinhf ra suwcs sangs taoj cuar cair vaatj chaats bawngf suwcs luwcj cuar minhf, luoon giuwx mootj thais ddooj hoaif nghi ddoois vowis nhuwngx khais nieemj cuar cair taif chinhs mow

hof. Logic thats baij taif chinhs cuar Nhaatj Banr raats ddown thuaanf; nhuwngx sanr phaamr gias rer chaats luwowngj cao do nuwowcs nayf sanr xuaats ra gioongs nhuw ker phas binhx treen thij truwowngf ddaayf canhj tranh, conf nganhf ngaan hangf cuar hoj khi ddos ddax tuwngf dduwowcj xeeps vaof hangf cos soos maw, ngaoj manj vowis thieen haj khi nawms giuwx vij tris quoocs gia duwj truwx ngoaij hoois vaf chur nowj hangf ddaauf. Nawm 1985 ddeens nawm 1990, neenf kinh tees quoocs nooij vaf maauj dichj xuaats khaaur cuar Nhaatj Banr phats trieenr ddeens muwcs cuwcj thinhj, thij truwowngf coor phieeus, baats ddoongj sanr nawm naof cungx tawng gias, thu veef nhuwngx khoanr lowns voons ddaauf tuw nuwowcs ngoaif, conf suwj tuwj tin cuar nguwowif Nhaatj cungx tawng leen muwcs chuwa tuwngf thaays, cuws nhuw thees hoj ddax qua mawtj dduwowcj Myx car hangf chucj nawm trowif vaayj. Nhaatj khoong heef cos ys thuwcs ddoois vowis chieens tranh taif chinhs, thaamj chis hoj conf lacj quan hown car Trung Quoocs hieenj nay. Nhaatj Banr cungx vuwowtj xa Trung Quoocs veef khoanr giauf cos. Ys nghiax cuar caau nois “vong chieens taats nguy” (neeus low laf canhr giacs thif sex raats nguy hieemr) ddoois vowis Nhaatj Banr ngayf hoom qua vaanx conf nguyeen gias trij ddoois vowis Trung Quoocs ngayf hoom nay.Tyr suaats hoois ddoais 1 USD awn 250 yeen Nhaatj khi “thoar thuaanj Plaza” dduwowcj kys nawm 1985, ddax thanhf 1 USD awn 200 yeen Nhaatj, tinhs gia ddoongf USD ddax maats gias ddeens 20%. Vaayj nhuwng, ddeens nawm 1987, tyr leej nayf chir conf 1USD awn 120 yeen Nhaatj, hay nois cachs khacs, chir trong thowif gian ngawns nguir, gias ddoongf yeen Nhaatj ddax tawng gaaps ddooi – mootj suwj bieens ddooir lowns trong mooi truwowngf taif chinhs cuar mootj nuwowcs. Ddoois vowis neenf kinh tees Nhaatj, haauj quar cuar vieecj thay ddooir tyr suaats hoois ddoais nhanh vaf manhj nhuw vaayj chawngr khacs naof suwj bieens ddooir ddootj ngootj cuar thowif kyf bawng haf (khieens khungr long tuyeetj chungr). Cacs baacj thaays taif chinhs Myx sowms bieets rawngf, neeus eps ddoongf yeen Nhaatj tawng gias manhj chir trong mootj thowif gian ngawns thif cungx chawngr khacs naof eps nuwowcs Nhaatj uoongs thuoocs kichs thichs vowis lieeuf luwowngj quas muwcs. Haauj quar taats

yeeus laf khieens cho neenf kinh tees Nhaatj Banr xuaats hieenj trieeuj chuwngs roois loanj “nooij tieets heej thoongs taif chinhs” nghieem trongj. Neeus eps dduwowcj Nhaatj Banr tieeps tucj duy trif chinhs sachs laix suaats thaaps duwowis 2,5% trong hown hai nawm thif hieeuj quar cuar lieeuf thuoocs kia cangf tuyeetj vowif hown. Quar nhieen, neenf kinh tees Nhaatj Banr ddax maats caan bawngf trong vieecj ddieeuf tieets taif chinhs vaf duwowis suwj kichs thichs cuar lieeuf kichs thichs toos kia. Nhuwngx mieens mowx nhuw thij truwowngf coor phieeus, baats ddoongj sanr tawng leen nhanh chongs, cacs toor chuwcs moo cow cuar cacs booj phaanj sanr xuaats vaatj chaats vaf nganhf xuaats khaaur bij teo ruts nghieem trongj, sau ddos hangf loatj trieeuj chuwngs nhuw luwowngj mowx trong maus cao, cao huyeets aps trong neenf kinh tees bawts ddaauf xuaats hieenj ddinhj kyf, gaay neen nhuwngx chuwngs beenhj tim machj vaf beenhj ddoongj machj vanhf nowi quar tim cuar neenf kinh tees (heej thoongs taif chinhs). Ddeer thucs ddaayr cacs cawn beenhj kia sowms phats tacs, nawm 1987, cacs nhaf ngaan hangf owr Ngaan hagnf thanh toans quoocs tees ddax nghieen cuwus ra mootj loaij bieetj duwowcj mowis cho Nhaatj Banr – thoar thuaanj Basel – vowis yeeu caauf tyr leej voons tuwj cos cuar cacs ngaan hangf cos nghieepj vuj quoocs tees phair tawng leeen tuwf 8% trowr leen, vaf Myx cungf vowis Anh laf hai nuwowcs hawng hais kys truwowcs vaof banr thoar thuaanj, sau ddos eps Nhaatj Banr vaf cacs nuwowcs khacs cungx phair kys vaof, neeus khoong cacs ngaan hangf owr cacs nuwowcs nayf khoong theer tieens hanhf giao dichj vowis cacs ngaan hangf Anh – Myx treen thij truwowngf taif chinhs quoocs tees. Vaans ddeef toonf taij phoor bieens cuar cacs ngaan hangf Nhaatj Banr laf nguoonf voons tuwj cos thaaps, neen chir conf cachs duwaj vaof suwj gia tawng voons ngoaif soor sachs, tuwcs laf voons dduwowcj hinhf thanhf tuwf suwj tawng gias coor phieeus ngaan hangf, thif mowis cos theer ddaps uwngs dduwowcj tieeu chuaawnr. Voons duwaj daamx quas nhieeuf vaof suwj tawng gias cuar coor phieeus vaf thij truwowngf baats ddoongj sanr, neen heej thoongs ngaan hangf Nhaatj Banr ddax ddeer howr suwownf non duwowis luwowix kieems sawcs bens cuar cuoocj chieens tranh taif chinhs do Myx phats ddoongj. Ngayf 12 thangs 1 nawm 1990, Myx ddax suwr dungj ddonf taans coong

chieens luwowcj “kieeur teen luwar hanhf trinhf” vaof thij truwowngf coor phieeus Tokyo cuar Nhaatj Banr. Beenhj tim vaf beenhj ddoongj machj vanhf cuar heej thoongs taif chinhs Nhaatj khoong chiuj dduwngj nooir nhuwnx ddonf taans coong duwx dooij nayf, cuoois cungf neenf kinh tees Nhaatj Banr ddax trungs gios vaf sau ddos laf chuwngs lieetj nuwar nguwowif keos daif suoots 17 nawm. Ngayf any, cacs bacs six taif chninhs cuar Myx laij “nhieetj tinhf vaf caaps thieets” ddem phuwowng thuoocs nayf giowis thieeuj ddeens Trung Quocos, tuy nhieen, cos ddieeuf khacs laf, cow theer neenf kinh tees Trunng Quoocs conf xa mowis bawngf dduwowcj neenf kinh tees Nhaatj Banr nawm ddos, neeus uoongs lieeuf thuoocs nayf vaof thif chir e Trung Quoocs khoong chir “baij lieetj” mootj cachs ddown gianr nhuw Nhaatj. Thaamj chis, Nhaatj Banr conf nongs longf hown car Myx, muoons xem Trung Quoocs uoongs lieeuf thuoocs nayf vaof thif keets cuoocj sex cos phanr uwngs ra sao. Hieenj taij, nhuwngx bieeur hieenj ban ddaauf cuar neenf taif chinhs Trung Quocs raats gioongs vowis Nhaatj Banr nhuwngx nawm 1985- 1990.

4. Taoj thees binhf ddawngr khi tham chieens“Thoong leej quoocs tees” hieenj ddang laf mootj thuaatj nguwx khas thinhj hanhf, ddeens muwcs nhieeuf nguwowif tuwowngr rawngf, chir caanf tuaan thur theo “thoong leej quoocs tees” thif thees giowis tuwf ddaay veef sau sex thais binhf, conf vieecj mowr cuwar taif chinhs laf chuyeenj thuw thais binhf thanr gioongs nhuw vui thus ddieenf vieen vaayj, chawngr cos gif phair lo. Cachs nghix lan man treen trowif duwowis ddaats kieeur nayf chir e laf sex haij nuwowcs haij daan. “Thoong leej quoocs tees” dduwowcj hinhf thanhf thoong qua suwj thao tungs cuar cacs ngaan hangf quoocs tees cos ddiaj vij lungx ddoanj. Trong nhuwngx ddieeuf kieenj nhaats ddinh, hoj cungx cos theer chees tacs ra mootj booj “thoong leej quoocs tees” bitj kins vieecj mowr roongj phamj vi sinh toonf cuar nganhf ngaan hangf Trung Quoocs. Thur ddoanj nayf ddang trowr thanhf thuws vux khis hieeuj quar ddeer loaij bor ddoois thur trong canhj tranh taif chinhs cuar cacs ngaan hangf Anh – Myx. Thoar thuaanj Basel ddax ddanhs baij xu thees khuyeechs truwowngf cuar nganhf taif chinhs Nhaatj Banr nawm ddos, nay ddax thay ddaauf ddooir

mawtj naang caaps leen thanhf thoar thuaanj Basel nawm 2004. Tuwowng tuwj nhuw nhuwngx gif ddax lamf vowis Nhaatj Banr, thoar thuaanj nayf raats cos theer sex dduwowcj cacs nhaf taif phieetj ngaan hangf quoocs tees dungf lamf coong cuj ddeer canr trowr nganhf taif chinhs Trung Quoocs phats trieenr ra nuwowcs ngoaif. Mootj soos quoocs gia phats trieenr cho rawngf, cacs toor chuwcs chi nhanhs ngaan hangf nuwowcs ngoaif nawmf trong bieen giowis nuwowcs hoj caanf phair ddaps uwngs dduwowcj cacs yeeu caauf cuar thoar thuaanj Basel thif mowis cos theer tieeps tucj hoatj ddoongj. Tuy nhieen, ngay car quoocs gia sowr taij cuar cacs ngaan hangf nuwowcs nayf cungx caanf phair phuf howpj vowis yeeu caauf cuar thoar thuaanj nayf, neeus khoong cungx khoong theer toonf taij. Nhuwngx quy ddinhj nhuw vaayj chawcs chawns sex lamf tawng theem gias thanhf hoatj ddoongj cuar toor chuwcs chi nhanhs cuar cacs ngaan hangf nuwowcs ngoaif nayf. Ddoois vowis Trung Quoocs,mootj nuwowcs vuwaf mowis buwowcs chaan vaof nganhf taif chinhs thees giowis, vieecj phair ddaps uwngs heets nhuwngx yeeu caauf haf khawcs nhuw thoar thuaanj Basel ddeer ra thif chawngr khacs naof ruts cuir ddays nooif. Nois cachs khacs, neeus cacs ngaan hangf banr ddiaj caur Trung Quocos khoong thuwcj hieenj thoar thuaanj Basel thif khar nawng cacs ngaan hangf nayf owr Myx cungx nhuw cacs chi nhanhs cuar nos owr chaau Aau sex bij thay ddooir thaamj chis laf bij ddongs cuwar, mangj luwowis taif chinhs nuwowcs ngoaif do Trung Quoocs vaats var xaay duwngj neen ddang toonf taij nguy cow bij ddanhs saapj. Cacs nhaf xaay duwngj quy tawcs trof chowi cuar nganhf ngaan hangf Aau – Myx chieems uwu thees cuwcj lowns sex deex dangf phong toar con dduwowngf phats trieenr ra ngoaif cuar nganhf taif chinhs Trung Quoocs. Khoong chir cos vaayj, cacs ngaan hangf quoocs nooij cuar Trung Quoocs conf caanf phair tuaan thur nhuwngx thuws dduwowcj goij laf “thoong leej quoocs tees” ddang ngangs dduwowngf phats trieenr cuar minhf, maf trong thieen haj chawngr cos quy tawcs trof chowi naof baats coong hown thees. Dduwowng ddaauf vowis nhuwngx ddoois thur cos uwu thees nhuw vaayj, chuwa keer laf conf bij trois chaan tay, vieecj thawngs thua cuar Trung Quoocs trong trof chowi nayf xem nhuw ddax ddinhj.

Nhaanj cuar nguwowif maf khoong ddaps laij e laf thaats leex. Ddoois sachs cuar Trung Quoocs chinhs laf, “duy trif luwcj luwowngj tacs chieens treen mawtj traanj chinhs cuar minhf ddoong thowif lieen keets vowis cacs luwcj luwowngj been ngoaif”. Neeus nuwowcs naof ddos baats chaaps moij “thoong leej quoocs tees” ddeer phong toar chi nhanhs ngaan hangf nuwowcs ngoaif cuar Trung Quoocs, Trung Quoocs sex bawts chuwowcs lamf theo, ddawtj ra cacs quy ddinhj cuar nganhf ngaan hangf “mang mauf sawcs Trung Quocos” ddeer hanj chees cungx nhuw xoas bor suwj vaanj hanhf cuar cacs ngaan hangf nayf taij Trung Quoocs. Nhinf laij quas trinhf Anh – Myx trowr thanhf luwcj luwowngj chur ddaoj cuar nganhf ngaan hangf quoocs tees, chungs ta deex thaays rawngf vieecj xaay duwngj mangj luwowis ngaan hangf quoocs tees laf con dduwowngf taats yeeus. Thay vif ngooif im mootj choox vaf tuaan theo cacs quy tawcs aps ddawtj tuwf been ngoaif, nganhf ngaan hangf Trung Quocs vaf cacs nganhf khacs cuar nuwowcs nayf phair giuwx vuwngx thees coong chinhs dieenj, truwcj tieeps mua laij cacs ngaan hangf caur Aau – Myx hoawcj khuyeechs truwowng cacs chi nhanhs, xaay duwngj leen mangj luwowis taif chinhs roongj khawps thees giowis cuar chinhs Trung Quoocs, theo kieeur hocj chieens tranh tuwf trong longf chieens tranh. Neeus nganhf ngaan hangf Trung Quoocs gawpj phair trowr luwcj trong vieecj mua laij hoawcj khuyeechs truwowng owr nuwowcs ngoaif, thif Trung Quoocs cungx dduwngf ngaij aps dungj nhuwngx nguyeen tawcs nayf ddeer hanhf xuwr vowis nhuwngx ngaan hangf cuar cacs nuwowcs taij Trung Quoocs.

5. Giuwx vangf hown giuwx ngoaij teej. Truwowcs xu thees ddoongf USD tuwowtj gias daif hanj, nhieeuf nhaf nghieen cuwus ddax kieens nghij caanf phair tichs truwx ngoaij teej ddeer lamf giarm ruir ro toonr thaats duwj truwx ngoaij hoois quoocs gia. Neeus baisx bor chees ddooj cuwowngx chees duwj truwx cho doanh nghieepj truwcj tieeps khoongs chees ngoaij hoois thif Trung Quoocs cos theer phaan tans dduwowcj ruir ro maats gias cuar duwj truwx ngoaij hoois quoocs gia ddoongf thowif giamr nhej aps luwcj phats hanhf theem tieenf teej vaf tawng gias cuar ddoongf nhaan daan teej. Nhuwng cachs lamf

nayf tawng theem ruir ro cho car heej thoongs taif chinhs, cho neen ddaay khoong phair laf mootj sachs toanf venj. So vowis vieecj tichs truwx ngoaij teej thif tichs truwx vangf vaanx hown. Veef laau daif, moij loaij ngoaij hoois ddeeuf cos xu huwowngs maats gias so vowis vangf, chir khacs nhau owr toocs ddooj maats gias nhanh hay chaamj maf thooi. Neeus muoons ddamr baor suwcs mua cho khaonr taif sanr khoongr loof maf Trung Quoocs ddax taoj ra dduwowcj thif cachs duy nhaats laf chuyeenr ddooir duwj truwx ngoaij hoois sang duwj truwx vangf vaf bacj. Dao ddoongj cuar gias vangf vaf bacj quoocs tees thuwcj ra chir laf giar taoj maf thooi, neeus nhinf saau vaof suwj dao ddoongj nayf thif conf sowj gif cown songs cuar thij truwowngf tyr suaats hoois ddoais, vif mootj khi cos hangf vanj taans vangf, Trung Quoocs nghieemx nhieen ddax cos dduwowcj ddooi dduax thaanf ddeer depj yeen moij bieens ddoongj. Veef cawn banr, vieecj duwj truwx trong daan baor veej dduwowcj suwj an toanf taif sanr cuar daan, cho duf lamj phats tieenf teej owr hinhf thuwcs hangf hoas hay tieenf teej cungx ddeeuf khoong theer anhr huwowngr dduwowcj suwcs mua thuwcj suwj cuar hoj. Ddaay laf neenf tangr tuwj do kinh tees khoong theer thieeus trong vieecj xaay duwngj mootj xax hooij haif hoaf vaf binhf ddawngr. Toms laij, nguwowif daan ddax lao ddoongj ra cuar cair, hoj cos quyeenf quyeets ddinhj chonj luwaj phuwowng thuwcs tichs truwx cuar cair cuar rieeng minhf. Vangf cos tinhs luwu ddoongj thuoocj ddawngr caaps cao nhaats trong cacs loaij tieenf teej. Trong hown 5.000 nawm lichsj suwr cuar laoif nguwowif, vangf khoong chir laf hinhf thuwcs cuar cair cuoois cungf maf baats cuws thowif ddaij naof, neenf vawn minh naof, daan toocj naof, khu vuwcj naof, theer chees chinhs trij naof, vangf cungx ddeeuf dduwowcj chaaps nhaanj. Nos conf ganhs vacs trongj trachs lichsj suwr laf thuwowcs ddo cow banr nhaats trong hoatj ddoongj kinh tees cuar xax hooij tuwowng lai. Trong lichsj suwr, nguwowif ta tuwngf boons laanf thuwr timf cachs tuwowcs bor vai trof honf ddas tangr cuar vangf trong heej thoongs tieenf teej nhawmf “sangs chees” ra chees ddooj tieenf teej thoong minh hown, nhuwng taats car ddeeuf thaats baij. Loaif nguwowif voons banr tinhs tham lam coos huwux cuar minhf sex khoong thanhf

coong trong vieecj dungf ys thuwcs chur quan cuar minhf ddeer tieeu chuaanr hoas cacs hoatj ddoongj kinh tees. Tichs trux vangf trong daan ddeer chowf khi thieen haj cos bieens ddoongj laf viecj lamf caanf thieets. Ddoongf tieenf Trung Quocs cos vangf ddamr baor gias trij sex hieen ngang sanhs vai vowis cacs ddoongf tieenf khacs treen thees giowis. Vaf ddeens lucs ddos, neenf vawn minh Trung Hoa sex cos dipj caats ddaauf daayj.