chemistry the four states of...
TRANSCRIPT
Chemistry
The Four States of Matter
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States of Matter
What is matter?
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Any substance that has mass and takes up
space.
Brian Pop Video
http://glencoe.mcgraw-
hill.com/sites/dl/free/0078600472/164155/0004468
2.html
The Four States of Matter
Four States Solid Liquid Gas Plasma
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States of Matter
The Four States of Matter
Basis of Classification of the Four Types
particle arrangement
energy of particles
distance between particles 4
States of Matter
Solids Particles of solids are tightly packed, vibrating
about a fixed position.
Solids have a definite shape and a definite volume.
Particles move slowly.
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States of Matter
Solids
Particle Movement Examples
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States of Matter
Liquids Particles of liquids are tightly packed, but are far enough
apart to slide over one another.
Liquids have an indefinite shape and a definite volume.
Take shape of container. Ex. Juice in glass
Particles move more quickly.
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States of Matter
Liquids
Particle Movement Examples
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States of Matter
Gases Particles of gases are very far apart and move freely.
Gases have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume.
Particles move very fast. 9
States of Matter
Gases
Particle Movement Examples
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States of Matter
Microscopic Explanation for Properties of Solids Solids have a definite shape and a definite volume because the particles are locked into place
Solids are not easily compressible because there is little free space between particles
Solids do not flow easily because the particles cannot move/slide past one another
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States of Matter
Microscopic Explanation for Properties of Liquids Liquids have an indefinite shape because the particles can slide past one another.
Liquids are not easily compressible and have a definite volume because there is little free space between particles.
Liquids flow easily because the particles can move/slide past one another. 12
States of Matter
Microscopic Explanation for Properties of Gases Gases have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume because the particles can move past one another.
Gases are easily compressible because there is a great deal of free space between particles.
Gases flow very easily because the particles randomly move past one another.
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States of Matter
The Four States of Matter
The Classification and Properties of Matter Depend Upon Microscopic Structure
Particle arrangement Particle energy Particle to particle distance
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States of Matter
Phase Changes
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When one phase changes to another.
Particles must change their kinetic energy,
how fast they are moving.
You can do this by adding or taking away
heat.
Phase Changes
Chumbler - Properties of Matter 17
solid liquid = melting
liquid solid = freezing
liquid gas = evaporation
gas liquid = condensation
solid gas = sublimation
Kinetic Theory of Matter
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The atoms and molecules that make up
matter are in constant motion, and that
motion changes as the temperature changes.
Temperature
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During a phase change the temperature of a substance
stays the same.
Physical Properties – A characteristic of matter that can be observed by using any of your senses. It doesn’t change the composition of the substance
Ex. Hardness, density, melting pt. /
boiling pt., State (solid, liquid, gas)
Size, shape, color, odor, taste
Examples of Physical Properties
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Viscosity-resistance to flow
Conductivity-ability to allow heat to flow
Malleability-ability of solid to be hammared without
shattering
Hardness-scratch test
Melting and boiling points-temp. from solid to liquid
Density-ratio of mass to volume
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Video showing difference between physical and chemical
properties.
http://youtu.be/6WjBM-ZgysQ
Separate Mixtures
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Filtration-process that separates materials based on the size of
particles
Distillation-process that separates the substances in a solution
based on boiling points.
Physical & Chemical Changes
Physical Change- a change in which the form or
appearance of matter changes but not its composition
Ex. Shape – crumpled paper
Dissolving – Koolaid
Change in State
Chemical Changes
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When substances react with each other and form one or
more new substances.
Tree leaves change color
Wood burning
Baking a cake
Chemical Properties
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Flammability-ability to burn in presence of oxygen
Reactivity-how readily a substance combines with other
substances.
Evidence of Chemical Change
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Change in color
Production of gas
Formation of a precipitate-any solid that forms and separates
from a liquid mixture.
Cottage cheese
Homogenous vs. Heterogeneous
Chumbler - Properties of Matter 28