Chemistry Of LifeWhat you need to know:

1. What is the basic building block of life?

2. What are the 3 things they are made of?

3. Where are these 3 things located in the atom?

4. How can just ONE electron look like a cloud around a nucleus?

5. When atoms BOND together you get a?

6. Name the 3 examples of the answer to #5 that we discussed.

7. Draw the 3 examples you gave in #6.

8. What is the formula for PHOTOSYNTHESIS?

Chemistry Of LifeTEST KEY – TEST KEY – TEST KEY

1. What is the basic building block of life? atoms2. What are the 3 things they are made of? Protons, neutrons,

electrons3. Where are these 3 things located in the atom? Protons and

neutrons in the nucleus, electrons around the outside4. How can just ONE electron look like a cloud around a

nucleus? It moves so fast5. When atoms BOND together you get a? molecule6. Name the 3 examples of the answer to #5 that we discussed.

Carbon Dioxide (CO2)Water (H2O)Methane (CH4)

7. Draw the 3 examples you gave in #6.8. What is the formula for PHOTOSYNTHESIS? CO2 +  H2O  +

energy from sun  =   C6H12O6  +   6O2

Chemistry Of LifeWhat you need to know:

9. What are the 4 aspects of the “Chemistry of Life” that we discussed?

10. What are the 2 different types of chemical bonds?

11. Define one type of chemical bond.

12. Define the second type of chemical bond.

13. What would a typical pH be for a strong acid?

14. What would a typical pH be for a strong base?

15. What are the 3 macromolecules we discussed?

16. Each link of a protein is called a?

17. What is DENATURATION?

Chemistry Of LifeTEST KEY – TEST KEY – TEST KEY – TEST KEY

9. What are the 4 aspects of the “Chemistry of Life” that we discussed? 1. The “Atoms” Family 2. Chemical Bonds 3. pH 4. Macromolecules

10. What are the 2 different types of chemical bonds? Covalent and hydrogen

11. Define one type of chemical bond. Covalent – when atoms share electrons.

12. Define the second type of chemical bond. Hydrogen – attraction of electrons which results in a partial + on one atom and a partial – charge on the other atom.

13. What would a typical pH be for a strong acid? 0 – 3.914. What would a typical pH be for a strong base? 10 - 1415. What are the 3 macromolecules we discussed? Proteins,

carbohydrates, fats 16. Each link of a protein is called a? amino acid 17. What is DENATURATION? Protein turns from liquid to solid like the whites of an egg.

Chemistry Of LifeWhat you need to know:

18. Where do CARBOHYDRATES originate from?

19. What is the chemical formula for GLUCOSE?

20. What does SATURATION refer to when we are talking about FAT?

21. Which FAT is the healthiest to eat?

Chemistry Of LifeWhat you need to know:

18. Where do CARBOHYDRATES originate from? photosynthesis

19. What is the chemical formula for GLUCOSE? C6H12O6

20. What does SATURATION refer to when we are talking about FAT? the number of hydrogen atoms attached to the fat molecule

21. Which FAT is the healthiest to eat? "monounsaturated." An example is olive oil.

Chemistry Of Life

1. The “Atoms” Family

2. Chemical Bonds

3. pH

4. Macromolecules

WE WILL DISCUSS 4 ASPECTS

Chemistry Of LifeIN YOUR PLANNER – FIND THE PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS

INTERACTIVE PERIODIC TABLE

← DOES THIS PICTURE OF AN ATOM REMIND

YOU OF ANYTHING ELSE?

ALL ATOMS ARE LIKE A MINIATURE SOLAR SYSTEM

1. THE NUCLEUS IS LIKE THE SUN AND

2. THE ELECTRONS ARE LIKE THE PLANETS ORBITING AROUND THE SUN.

3. THE PROTONS AND THE NEUTRONS ARE INSIDE THE SUN (THE NUCLEUS).

Chemistry Of LifeIN YOUR PLANNER – FIND THE ELEMENT “RA”

INTERACTIVE PERIODIC TABLE

88Ra226

ATOMIC NUMBER = TOTAL NUMBER OF PROTONS (+ CHARGE).

ABBREVIATION FOR THE NAME OF AN ELEMENT – THIS IS “RADIUM”

ATOMIC MASS – TOTAL NUMBER OF PROTONS AND NEUTRONS ADDED TOGETHER

Chemistry Of Life

88Ra226

THE TOP NUMBER IS ALWAYS THE?

ATOMIC NUMBER – WHICH IS THE TOTAL NUMBER OF?

PROTONS (+) CHARGE

WHAT HAS THE NEGATIVE CHARGE TO BALANCE OUT THE PROTONS?

THAT’S RIGHT! – ELECTRONS

SO THE ATOMIC NUMBER WILL ALWAYS TELL YOU HOW MANY PROTONS AND HOW MANY ELECTRONS.

THIS ELEMENT HAS 88 PROTONS AND 88 ELECTRONS.

WHAT IS THE ATOMIC MASS?

THAT’S RIGHT! - 226

PROTONS + NEUTRONS = ATOMIC MASS.

HOW CAN WE FIGURE OUT HOW MANY NEUTRONS THERE ARE?

226 – 88 = 138 NEUTRONS

Chemistry Of Life

19K

39.0

ATOMIC NUMBER = ?

THAT’S RIGHT! 19

SO THIS ELEMENT HAS

19 PROTONS AND

19 ELECTRONS.

WHAT IS THE ATOMIC MASS?

THAT’S RIGHT! 39.

SO PROTONS + NEUTRONS = 39.

WE KNOW THERE ARE HOW MANY PROTONS?

SO IF WE KNOW WE HAVE 19 PROTONS – JUST SUBTRACT 19 FROM 39 AND NOW YOU KNOW HOW MANY NEUTRONS THERE ARE.

39 – 19 = 20. PROTONS = 19, ELECTRONS = 19, NEUTRONS = 20 GOOD JOB!!!

Chemistry Of Life

17Cl

35.0

ATOMIC NUMBER = ?

THAT’S RIGHT! 17

SO THIS ELEMENT HAS

17 PROTONS AND

17 ELECTRONS.

WHAT IS THE ATOMIC MASS ?

THAT’S RIGHT! 35.

SO PROTONS + NEUTRONS = 35.

WE KNOW THERE ARE HOW MANY PROTONS?

SO IF WE KNOW WE HAVE 17 PROTONS – JUST SUBTRACT 17 FROM 35 AND NOW YOU KNOW HOW MANY NEUTRONS THERE ARE.

35 – 17 = 18. PROTONS = 17, ELECTRONS = 17, NEUTRONS = 18 GOOD JOB!!!

Cl = Chlorine

Chemistry Of LifeDRAW THIS CHART, FILL IN WITH 5 ELEMENTS FROM BOOK

ELEMENT NAME

ATOMIC NUMBER

ATOMIC MASS

# Protons

# NeutronsDENSITY (g/cm3)

Explain this cartoon!

Chemistry Of Life

1. The “Atoms” FamilyA. ATOMS are the basic building block of life and are made of

3 things – what are they? ANIMATION1. PROTONS 2. NEUTRONS 3. ELECTRONS

QUESTION OF THE DAY

B. When Atoms bond together and you have more than one – you have a MOLECULE like: Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

Water (H2O)

Methane (CH4)

Chemistry Of LifeHOMEWORK – DUE TODAY 50 POINTS!

IN YOUR PERIODIC TABLE – FIND THE FOLLOWING ELEMENTS AND…:

1. Na (sodium)

2. Ca (calcium)

3. Ne (Neon)

4. Ag (silver)

5. Al (aluminum)

6. Au (gold)

7. Cu (copper)

8. Pb (lead)

9. He (Helium)

10. O (oxygen)

Write down 5 things for each element.

1. Atomic Number?2. How many protons?3. How many electrons?4. Atomic Mass?5. How many neutrons?

MAKE A CHART LIKE THIS

Chemistry Of Life

HOMEWORK ANSWERS

50 POINTS!

Chemistry Of Life2. Chemical Bonds (1 of 2)

A. Covalent Bonds – 2 hydrogen atoms equally share electrons to form a covalent bond.

Example of Sodium Chloride (NaCl) which is table salt.

Chemistry Of Life2. Chemical Bonds (2 of 2)

B. Hydrogen Bonds - oxygen atoms attract lots of electrons. This results in a partial negative charge on the oxygen atom, and a partial + charge on the hydrogen atoms.

Chemistry Of Life3. pH

What does the pH of a substance tell us?

ANIMATION

Strong Acid pH =__ H+ Ion = __ Name:_______

Neutral pH =__ H+ Ion = __

Strong Base pH =__ H+ Ion = __ Name:_______

It tells us how ACIDIC IT IS.

CLASS DEMONSTRATION1. Turn your notebook sideways and draw the pH

scale (with colors).

2. Leave room on top of the chart to fill in your observations from the demonstraton.

3. Write out a list of the following under the chart.

a. Isopropyl Alcohol

b. Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH)

c. Hydrogen Peroxide

d. Hydrochloric Acid (HCl)

e. Ammonia

f. Water

g. Vinegar

Refer to the pH scale on the website – as I add the indicator – write the name of the chemical at the location of the pH scale where you think it belongs. Next to the chemical name on the list – write in a description (pH level and whether it is acid, base, neutral).

3. pH Can we (our class) test substances to see if they are ACIDIC or BASIC?

WHAT COLOR LITMUS PAPER DO WE USE FOR ACIDS?

RIGHT! BLUE PAPER TURNS RED FOR ACIDS.

WHAT COLOR LITMUS PAPER DO WE USE FOR BASES?

RIGHT! RED PAPER TURNS BLUE FOR BASES pH LAB

Chemistry Of Life4. MACROMOLECULES

A. PROTEIN

THESE ARE 3 THAT WE ARE GOING TO LEARN ABOUT

B. CARBOHYDRATE

C. FAT

Chemistry Of Life4. MACROMOLECULES

WRITE OUT THREE THINGS YOU KNOW ABOUT:A. PROTEIN: 1.

2.

3.

B. CARBOHYDRATES: 1.

2.

3.

C. FAT: 1.

2.

3.

MAKING A MODEL MOLECULE1. USE 1 OR 2 BOOKS PER TABLE2. FIND A DRAWING OF AN AMINO ACID (THESE

ARE THE BUILDING BLOCKS THAT CREATE PROTEINS).

3. USING SMALL BALLS OF CLAY AND TOOTHPICKS, CREATE A MODEL OF ONE OF THE AMINO ACIDS YOU FOUND. C, O, H, N.

4. IN YOUR NOTEBOOK ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS:A. ARE MOLECULES 2-DIMENSIONAL (FLAT)?B. HOW MANY BONDS CAN THE FOLLOWING ATOMS MAKE?

CARBON, OXYGEN, HYDROGEN, NITROGEN

Chemistry Of Life4. MACROMOLECULES

A. PROTEIN - Proteins are found in all living things. One of the easiest types of protein to see is the white of a chicken's egg. When it is uncooked, the protein looks like jelly, but when it is heated up (above 56oC) the protein turns into a solid and changes from clear to a white color. This change is called denaturation ("dee-na-tur-ay-shun"). To get an idea of what a protein is, try thinking of a bicycle chain. Each link in the bicycle chain is like the links that make up a protein. These links are stuck together, and the chain is described as a protein. Each link of the protein is called an amino acid.

Chemistry Of Life4. MACROMOLECULES

B. CARBOHYDRATE - Carbohydrates are the most abundant class of organic compounds found in living organisms. The suffix ose is generally used. They originate as products of photosynthesis. The most common carbohydrate is GLUCOSE (C6H12O6).

This is the formula for photosynthesis:

CO2 +  H2O  + energy from sun  =   C6H12O6  +   6O2

Chemistry Of Life4. MACROMOLECULES

C. FAT - 3 different kinds of fats in human nutrition. Fat is categorized according to its saturation. Saturation refers to the number of hydrogen atoms attached to the fat molecule. When a fat molecule has the maximum number of hydrogen atoms, it is (1)"saturated." It is called “solid fat," because it remains solid at room temperature (ex: butter). If one pair of hydrogen atoms is missing, the molecule is (2) "monounsaturated." An example is olive oil. Monounsaturated fat is the healthiest, most easily digested form of fat. If more than one pair of hydrogen atoms is missing, it is said to be (3) "polyunsaturated." These are the thin oils commonly used for frying and for salad dressing. Which is most healthy?

DRAWING – FAT MOLECULES

MACROMOLECULESWE CAN TEST FOR MACROMOLECULES IN OUR

FOOD BY USING CERTAIN “INDICATORS”. If there is a color change – then the food you are testing for is present.

1. BIURET SOLUTION TESTS FOR PROTEIN BY PUTTING ONE DROP ON THE FOOD.

2. BENEDICT’S SOLUTIONS TESTS FOR SUGAR BY PUTTING THE FOOD IN THE TEST TUBE, INTO THE BOILING WATER FOR 5 MINUTES, AND LETTING IT COOL FOR 5 MINUTES.

3. LUGOL’S IODINE TESTS FOR STARCH BY PUTTING ONE DROP ON THE FOOD.

MACROMOLECULE LAB

SUBSTANCE

INDICATOR PROTEIN SUGAR STARCH

EGG BIURET (1 DROP)

EGG BENEDICT’S (TESTUBE)

EGG LUGOL’S(1 DROP)

BREAD BIURET (1 DROP)

BREAD BENEDICT’S TESTUBE)

BREAD LUGOL’S(1 DROP)

BANANA BIURET (1 DROP)

BANANA BENEDICT’S TESTUBE)

BANANA LUGOL’S (1 DROP)

CHECK OFF THE SQUARE THAT SHOWS RESULTS

HOW HEALTY IS MCDONALDS?

1. Imagine you are very very hungry.

2. Write out a list of 4 items you would buy at McDonalds.

3. Write up a chart like this:

MCDONALDS CHART

4. DUE BEFORE YOU LEAVE – 25 POINTS