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ALLOYS

BY :AMIR FIKRIAZHAR AB HALIMMOHD AMIR SAARI

CLASS : 4K3

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ALLOYSContain more than one element

Usually mixtures of metallic elements (two or more metals).

Made for certain purpose.

An alloy is a mixture of two or more elements with a certain fixed composition in which metal is the major component

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PURPOSE OF MAKING ALLOYS

To increase the strength and hardness of a pure metal.

To prevent corrosion.To improve the appearance of

a pure metal.

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ARRANGMENT OF ATOMS IN METALS

FORCE

In pure metals, atoms are all of the same size.

They arranged in layers.

When a force is being applied….

The layers can slide over each other easily.

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FORCE

Thus, pure metal can easily change its shape.

They are said to be :

1.Ductile as they can be drawn into long wires.

2.Malleable as they can be hammered to form any shapes.

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ARRANGEMENT OF

ATOMS IN ALLOYS

• Alloys have more than one kind of atoms.

• Different atoms have different sizes.

• They are mixed when they are in molten state (liquid).

Pure metal A

Pure metal B

ALLOY

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ARRANGEMENT OF ATOMS IN ALLOYS

When a force is applied….

The layers of atom in an alloy cannot slide over each other easily.

The movement of atoms get jammed up. This make them difficult to move.

Thus make an alloys not ductile

and not malleable but harder and

stronger than the original

constituent metals.

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COMPOSITION,PROPERTIES AND USES OF ALLOYS

ALLOY

COPPER IRON ALUMINIUM TIN

MAJOR COMPONENT

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TYPE OF ALLOY

COPPER

BRONZE BRASS CUPRONICKEL

BRONZE(90%Cu,10% Sn)• Hard and strong• Does not corrode• Shiny surfaceUSES :• Building statue• Medals• Sword• Artistic materials

BRASS(70% Cu,30% Zn)• Hard and strongUSES:• Musical

instrument• Kitchenware

CUPRONICKEL(75%Cu,25% Ni)• Shiny• Hard• Does not corrodeUSES:• Making coins

1.COPPER

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TYPE OF ALLOY

IRON

STEEL

(99%Fe,1% C)

Hard And Strong

Uses: Construction

Materials

STAINLESS

STEEL

(74%Fe,8%C,18%Cr)

Shiny,Strong,Does not rust

Uses: Making

cutlery

2.IRON

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3.ALUMINIUM

ALUMINIUM

DURALUMIN(93% Al,3%Cu,1%Mn)• Light and StrongUSES:• Building body of

aeroplane and bullet train

Type of Alloy

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4.TIN

TIN

PEWTER(96%Sn,3%Cu,1%Sb)• Luster• Shiny• StrongUSES:• Making souvenirs

Type of Alloy