Chemistry and Matter Review

What is Matter?

Matter- anything that has mass and takes up space.

Everything in the world is made of matter.

What is Matter?

• Made of elements (atoms) and compounds/ (molecules).

CO2

Physical vs Chemical Change

• Physical change- Going from solid to liquid or liquid to gas. Or one solid state to another.

Physical vs Chemical Change

• Chemical change- an change in the arrangement of the atoms where a new substance is made.

C OO

OOC

Carbon Oxygen Carbon Dioxide

Law of Conservation of Matter

• Matter is never created or destroyed.

- atoms can be rearranged into different compounds and substances, but we can not create or destroy new atoms.

Energy

• Energy is the capacity to do work or transfer heat.

Energy

2 Types of Energy

1. Kinetic Energy- Moving energy– Moving people, wind, water, air– Moving electrons = electricity– HEAT! Warming molecules are moving faster

2. Potential Energy – Stored energy– Chemical energy stored in gasoline– A roller costar at the top of a hill– A bouncy ball in your hand

Energy

• First law of thermodynamics: Energy can not be created or destroyed. – Energy input = Energy output– Convert energy from one form to the other– Energy is often lost in the form of heat

Energy

• Second law of thermodynamics- When energy changes from one form to another, we always end up with lower quality, less usable energy.

Examples: Only 6% of the energy available in gasoline actually moves the car, the rest is lost.Only 5% of electrical energy is used for light the other 95% is lost as low quality heat.

Order Disorder