chemistry and biochemistry department chemical hygiene …€¦ · this chemical hygiene and safety...

i

BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY

CHEMISTRY AND BIOCHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT

CHEMICAL HYGIENE AND SAFETY PLAN

SEPTEMBER 2012


2

President Cecil O Samuelson, 2005

“At BYU we are committed to strict compliance with all regulatory requirements

applicable to our campus operations.” Y NEWS, July 8, 2005 Vol. 30 No. 33

Department Chair Letter

Chemistry Department

Letter of Laboratory Safety Expectations

Employee: ___________________________ Date: _________________

As employees in the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, we have a

responsibility to follow closely department safety standards. The University has a

responsibility to provide a safe work environment which includes each of our

participation. Our adherence to safety standards and University Policy will ensure our

general safety and the safety of others. Please note that violations of these safety

standards may be cause for disciplinary action. (See Risk Management and Safety Policy

and Employee Discipline Policy.)

Gregory F. Burton

Chair, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry

Prudent Practices

“Laboratory personnel realize that the welfare and safety of each individual depends on

clearly defined attitudes of teamwork and personal responsibility and that laboratory safety

is not simply a matter of materials and equipment but also of processes and behaviors.

Learning to participate in this culture of habitual risk assessment, experiment planning, and

consideration of worst-case possibilities—for oneself and one’s fellow workers—is as much

part of a scientific education as learning the theoretical background of experiments or the

step-by-step protocols for doing them in a professional manner.”

PRUDENT PRACTICES IN THE LABORATORY: Handling and Management of Chemical Hazards, The National Academies Press, 2011


3

FLOW CHART

The following flow chart helps navigate the major responsibilities of the five groups identified

as stake holders for the Safety/Chemical Hygiene plan. The chart design includes both a

primary and secondary level of responsibility. Primary is the color of the shape. Secondary is

the color of the shadow.

Laboratory Safety Responsibilities

ADMINISTRATION ACADEMIC

GROUPS

Waste

Disposal

RM/CHO Materials Mgmt.

Laboratory Inspection

Chemical

Inventory

Large Spill

Cleanup

Lasers

Radiation

Restricted Chemicals

Controlled Substances

Dept. Safety Officer

Safety Plan Review

Department

Safety

Conscience

Informal Lab

Inspections

Communicate

Safety

Information

Chemistry Department

Safety Policies

Safety Equipment

Safety Compliance

Restricted Chemical Approval

Students / Graduate/TAs Undergraduate

PI / Lab Supervisor

Lab Safety Training

Chemical Spills

Training Documentation

Lab Specific Training

Accidents & Emergencies

Lab SOPs

PPE

House Keeping

Lab Security

Lab Hazard Assessments

Primary

Legend: Main Responsibility

MSDS Search

http://hazard.com/msds/#pelicancases


4

TABLE OF CONTENTS

President Cecil O Samuelson, 2005 .................................................................................... 2

Department Chair Letter ..................................................................................................... 2

Prudent Practices ................................................................................................................ 2

FLOW CHART ......................................................................................................................... 3

TABLE OF CONTENTS .............................................................................................................. 4

I. PURPOSE, SCOPE AND RESPONSIBILITIES ........................................................... 7

Purpose ................................................................................................................................ 7

Scope.................................................................................................................................... 7

Responsibilities ................................................................................................................... 7

II. SAFETY TRAINING REQUIREMENTS ................................................................... 9

General Laboratory Safety Training ................................................................................... 9

Safety Education ............................................................................................................... 10

Safety Meetings .................................................................................................................. 11

III. DEFINITIONS ................................................................................................ 11

IV. CHEMICAL HYGIENE PLAN ............................................................................. 14

Housekeeping ..................................................................................................................... 15

Chemical Procurement ....................................................................................................... 15

Chemical Storage ................................................................................................................ 15

Chemical Handling ............................................................................................................. 15

Chemical Inventories ........................................................................................................ 16

Chemical Spills .................................................................................................................. 16

Nuisance Spills .................................................................................................................. 16

Potentially Hazardous Spills .............................................................................................. 17

Laboratory Exhaust Hoods ................................................................................................ 17

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) .............................................................................. 19

Controlled substances ....................................................................................................... 23

Highly Reactive, Explosive and Highly Hazardous Chemicals ........................................ 24

Procedures ......................................................................................................................... 24

V. BIOSAFETY IN CHEMICAL LABORATORIES ......................................................... 26

Biosafety PPE .................................................................................................................... 26

Biosafety cabinets .............................................................................................................. 26

Blood-borne pathogens ..................................................................................................... 27


5

Research with human and animal subjects ...................................................................... 28

Sharps ................................................................................................................................ 28

VI. COMPRESSED GASES ..................................................................................... 29

VII. ELECTRICAL SAFETY ..................................................................................... 30

Static Electricity .................................................................................................................31

Electrocution ......................................................................................................................31

VIII. EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT ........................................................................... 32

Overall Objectives ............................................................................................................. 32

Emergency Notification .................................................................................................... 32

Fire or Explosion ............................................................................................................... 33

Evacuation ......................................................................................................................... 33

Emergency Procedures ...................................................................................................... 34

Laboratory Shutdown Procedures .................................................................................... 34

Medical Emergency Procedures ........................................................................................ 34

Emergency Planning ......................................................................................................... 35

IX. ACCIDENT PROCEDURES ................................................................................ 35

Student/Guest Incident Reporting ................................................................................... 35

Accident Investigation and Reporting .............................................................................. 35

Occurrence Reporting ....................................................................................................... 35

Chemical, Biological or Radioactive Spills ....................................................................... 36

Exposure to a Bloodborne Pathogen ................................................................................ 36

Laceration or Puncture Wounds ....................................................................................... 37

X. LABORATORY ERGONOMICS ........................................................................... 37

XI. LAB GUESTS / VISITORS ................................................................................ 38

XII. HAZARDOUS WASTE DISPOSAL ....................................................................... 38

Chemical waste collection ................................................................................................. 38

Chemical Waste ................................................................................................................. 39

Biological Waste ................................................................................................................ 40

Glass .................................................................................................................................. 41

Paper and Plastic ............................................................................................................... 41

Mixed Waste ...................................................................................................................... 41

Other .................................................................................................................................. 42

XIII. LABORATORY SAFETY EQUIPMENT .................................................................. 42


6

Emergency Showers, Drench Hoses and Eye Wash Stations ........................................... 42

Fire Extinguishers ............................................................................................................. 42

First Aid Kits ..................................................................................................................... 43

Laboratory Hazard Signs, Door Postings, and Other Signs ............................................. 43

Mechanical Pipetting Aids ................................................................................................ 43

Sharps Containers and Glass Boxes .................................................................................. 43

XIV. LABORATORY ACCESS AND SECURITY ............................................................... 43

Property Loss ..................................................................................................................... 44

XV. LOCKOUT/TAGOUT AND VERIFICATION ............................................................ 45

XVI. OFF-SITE FIELD RESEARCH SAFETY ................................................................ 45

XVII. PRESSURE SAFETY AND CRYOGENICS ............................................................... 45

XVIII. RADIATION SAFETY ..................................................................................... 46

XIX. NON-IONIZING RADIATION SAFETY ................................................................. 47

XX. REFERENCES ............................................................................................... 47

XXI. ATTACHMENTS ............................................................................................. 48

ATTACHMENT #1 - SAFETY REVIEW CHECKLIST ..................................................................... 49

ATTACHMENT #2 - CHEM 201/601, SAFE CHEMICAL PRACTICES SYLLABUS ........................... 52

ATTACHMENT #3 - INCOMPATIBLE AND REACTIVE CHEMICAL HAZARDS ................................ 53

ATTACHMENT #4 - Highly Reactive Chemicals ................................................................... 55

ATTACHMENT #5 - LIST OF SHOCK SENSITIVE CHEMICALS .................................................... 58

ATTACHMENT #6 - FLOW CHART HAZARD CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION .................................. 60

ATTACHMENT #7 - CARCINOGENIC / TERATOGEN CHEMICALS/ REPRODUCTIVE HAZARDS ...... 61

ATTACHMENT #8A - BYU Training Attendance Form ........................................................ 62

ATTACHMENT #8B - Online Training Record Form ........................................................... 63

ATTACHMENT #9 - SAFETY CHECKLIST FOR COMPRESSED GASES ........................................... 64

ATTACHMENT #10 - BROKEN GLASS WARNING LABEL .......................................................... 66

ATTACHMENT # 11 - RESTRICTED CHEMICALS AND PRIOR APPROVAL ..................................... 67

ATTACHMENT #12 - LABORATORY INSPECTION CHECKLIST .................................................... 68

ATTACHMENT #13 – UNDERSTANDING AN MSDS .................................................................. 71


7

I. PURPOSE, SCOPE AND RESPONSIBILITIES

Purpose

This Safety and Chemical Hygiene and Plan is to assist faculty and students to become aware of the procedures and precautions that must be taken to prevent chemical injury and potential hazards while working in the Chemistry and Biochemistry laboratories at Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah.

Scope

This Chemical Hygiene and Safety Plan is for all the Chemistry and Biochemistry laboratories on BYU campus. Individual laboratories within the department should have their own Chemical Hygiene Plan in accordance with OSHA 1910.1450, but may use this document as a reference. As such, questions regarding potential hazards should be addressed to the laboratory principal investigator (PI) or (laboratory supervisor).

Responsibilities

Department

Approve/Create Safety Policies

Provide laboratories with exposure controls and other necessary safety equipment.

Review and approve use of restricted chemicals. Including: highly toxic, explosive, unstable, highly reactive, regulated, or otherwise dangerous chemicals used in the department (refer to Attachment #12 – Restricted Chemicals).

Enforce laboratory safety through implementing findings of the annual lab inspections by Risk Management and, if necessary, disciplinary actions (e.g., Chemistry Laboratory Safety Progressive Warning Policy).

Under statutes of The State of Utah and the regulations of the United States of America, compliance officers may visit the campus at any time to conduct safety inspections of work or laboratory areas. They may perform a general inspection or look at a specific area. Any time the university receives such a request or if a compliance officer arrives on campus contact Risk Management immediately.

Department Safety Officer

Act as the safety conscience of the Chemistry and Biochemistry Department.

Review the Chemical Hygiene Plan annually for the department

Assist each faculty member in implementing and complying with university safety and health policies.

Ensure proper compliance with Federal and State laboratory and safety regulations

Conduct informal inspections to promote compliance with existing policies.

Communicate information on health and safety policies to faculty and staff.

Conduct or coordinate routine safety training sessions for students and visitors upon request.


8

Assist laboratory personnel with evaluating, preventing and controlling hazards.

Coordinate laboratory hazard assessments with Risk Management.

The Principal Investigator/Laboratory Supervisor

Be aware of the sections of this Safety Plan and read all sections that pertain specifically to your lab.

Implement the provisions and requirements of the current version of this document. This includes, but is not limited to, following the Chemical Hygiene Plan procedures, reviewing and incorporating pertinent information from the Chemical Hygiene Plan appendices, and training individuals who perform work in the laboratory.

Ensure laboratory workers have appropriate safety training. See the training requirements in the next section).

Document required training and when training was completed (see Attachments 8a and

8b, TRAINING DOCUMENTATION FORM). Keep records of each student or employee working in you lab.

Identify hazardous conditions or operations in the lab which are beyond what is taught in Chemistry 201/601. Perform a lab hazard assessment including specific processes. Develop and implement Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) for these processes. See attached 201/601 syllabi for reference.

PI/Lab Supervisor is responsible for guest safety in their laboratory. Ensure guests are accompanied and they wear appropriate personal protective equipment and are aware of hazards specific to the laboratory.

Oversee safety compliance of university safety policies and this safety plan with each graduate student, TA, or undergraduate student, employee, or lab guest who works in your laboratory.

Report significant laboratory accidents and injuries to Risk Management and Safety through submitting a Supervisor Incident Report Form found on the Risk Management website under Insurance Department tab. If you have questions about the form contact Risk Management.

Investigate near misses and/or accidents that occur in the laboratory and revise written SOP(s) as necessary to prevent future accidents.

Notify the Chemistry Department Office if you encounter a need for safety equipment that you cannot address.

Request necessary approval for the use of Restricted Chemicals from Risk Management and the Department office.

Conduct and document periodic and an annual safety review of your laboratory.

Discuss safety topics at the beginning of the heavy research period and/or semester.

Graduate Students (GS), Teaching Assistants (TA), Undergraduate Students (US)

Read, understand, and follow the Chemical Hygiene Plan section of this document and specific SOPs if they exist for the lab you work. General SOPs for laboratory safety were explained in Chem 201/601. Additional SOPs were written for safety training in individual labs. Your responsibility includes reviewing and understanding the hazards


9

of materials and processes in their laboratory prior to conducting work. See Training Requirements below.

Understand and follow PI instructions.

Utilize all hazard controls/safety procedures provided by the Principal Investigator.

Keep the work areas safe and uncluttered by cleaning glassware and equipment, and by cleaning up materials after performing laboratory work.

Avoid practical jokes or other behavior that might confuse, startle or distract others.

Complete all required laboratory training and signing a verification of training certificate and returning it to the supervisor prior to conducting work (see attachment 7)

Report accidents and unsafe conditions to the PI.

Graduate Students will complete Chemistry 601 if they have not taken 201 as an undergraduate.

Obtain permission from the PI first before ordering any chemicals.

Gain prior written approval from the PI for the use of Restricted Chemicals.

Risk Management and Safety (CHO)

Provide technical guidance on matters of laboratory safety.

Inspect laboratories to assure compliance with safety and health guidelines and regulations, and to assist with remediation of safety issues. Send PIs copies of inspection results, with recommended corrective actions, copy department safety officer.

Coordinate clean-up operations in the event of chemical or biological spills.

Oversee adoption and implementation of all University health and safety policies.

Assist Chemistry and Biochemistry department with audits from state or federal regulatory agencies.

Teach Chemistry 201 and 601, Safe Chemical Practices

Prepare reports to the regulatory agencies as required by law, and will inform administration of the status of corrections.

Chemicals Management

Maintain an academic laboratory chemical inventory.

Pick up and dispose of regulated laboratory wastes.

Monitor the procurement, handling, and disposal of chemicals.

Upon request, provide instruction and assistance to individuals decommissioning a laboratory.

II. SAFETY TRAINING REQUIREMENTS

General Laboratory Safety Training

Ensure individuals (Students, laboratory personnel) are trained on lab safety practices prior to their initial work assignment. Training will follow SOPs and OSHA (Federal) standards within the laboratories. Access to Safety training guides are found at Risk Management’s website under trainings.


10

Confirm that students have taken Safe Chemical Practices, Chem 201 for Undergrads, Chem 601 for Graduates. Chem 201/601 satisfies requirements for general lab safety training.

Ensure individuals receive specific training for use of particularly hazardous substances like: select carcinogens, reproductive toxins, substances with high degree of acute toxicity, biological hazards, radioactive isotopes, high powered lasers, and strong magnetic fields.

The PI determines what training will be performed and documented. See Attachments #8A &8B for training documentation form and a comprehensive list of all trainings offered through BYU.

Safety Education

PI/Lab supervisors are responsible to know the hazards of their work area(s), both the obvious dangers and those that may be brought about by inexperienced workers. The PI/lab supervisor will outline a safety training plan based on the hazards determined in their lab.

The safety education will include general laboratory safety, safe working practices, and safety rules specific to the labs.

Continuing safety education should include familiarization to this document and safety topics found in SOPs specific for each lab.

Personnel are responsible to:

Know and observe accepted safety rules and procedures for their work area.

Report any unsafe conditions or practices as soon as possible to the immediate

supervisor for corrective action.

Wear and/or use personal protective apparel/equipment, as required, in the

performance of job duties.

Personnel are responsible to inform their supervisor if the safety apparel/equipment is

lost, stolen or becomes inoperable.

Inspect work areas and equipment daily to keep them in proper operating condition.

Report use of any medications which may impair his/her ability to safely perform job

duties.

Develop and maintain a safe working attitude.

Set a safe example for co-workers.

Avoid taking chances or unnecessary risks.

Encourage the safe way to do things.

Know how to use a fire extinguisher.

Know basic first aid.


11

Safety Meetings

PI/Lab supervisors are responsible to discuss safety issues in their regularly scheduled laboratory meetings. If regularly scheduled meetings are not held, PI/Lab supervisors are responsible to hold periodic safety meetings with their personnel. Refer to Attachments #1, 2, 8A-B and 13 for safety training resources. The department safety officer will be a resource for additional safety information.

III. DEFINITIONS

Chemicals of Acute or Chronic Toxicity: These materials have immediate and/or long-term adverse health effects and vary widely in their level of toxicity. Common examples include hydrogen cyanide, nickel carbonyl, ricin, tetrodotoxin, benzene, and many others. Use extreme caution when handling or using highly toxic materials.

Chemical Hygiene Officer (CHO) –, person assigned responsibility to oversee the

health and safety of individuals working with chemicals throughout the institution.

Chemical Hygiene Plan (CHP) –, required by OSHA in the Laboratory Standard,

OSHA 29 CFR 1910.1450. Contains sections pertinent to working with chemicals and

understanding their hazards and the hazards of working in a laboratory.

Compressed Gas: (i) A gas or mixture of gases having, in a container, an absolute pressure exceeding 40 psi at 70 deg. F (21.1 deg. C); or (ii) A gas or mixture of gases having, in a container, an absolute pressure exceeding 104 psi at 130 deg. F (54.4 deg C) regardless of the pressure at 70 deg. F (21.1 deg. C); or (iii) A liquid having a vapor pressure exceeding 40 psi at 100 deg. F (37.8 C) as determined by ASTM D-323-72.

Controlled Substances: a drug or other substance, or immediate precursor, included in schedule I, II, III, IV or V of Part B, Section 802 Title 21, United States Code of Federal Regulations.

Corrosives: Corrosives are materials which can react with the skin and other tissues causing burns similar to thermal burns, and/or which can react with metal causing deterioration of the metal surface. Acids and bases are corrosives.

Cryogens: Some of the hazards associated with cryogens (fluids used to maintain extremely low temperatures) are fire, pressure, embrittlement of materials, and skin or eye burns upon contact with the liquid. Cryogens can condense nearly pure liquid oxygen from the air, creating a severe fire risk. A pressure hazard exists because of the large expansion ratio from liquid to gas, causing pressure build up in containers. Many materials become brittle at extreme low temperatures. Brief contact with materials at extreme low temperatures can cause burns similar to thermal burns.

Designated Areas: are locations established and labeled for work with certain chemicals and mixtures, which include select carcinogens, reproductive toxins, and/or substances which have a high degree of acute toxicity. A designated area may be the entire laboratory, an area of a laboratory or a device such as a laboratory hood.

Emergency Action Plan (EAP) –, a plan that addresses emergency scenarios and provides directions on what to do in the event of an emergency.


12

Explosive: means a chemical that causes a sudden, almost instantaneous release of pressure, gas, and heat when subjected to sudden shock, pressure, of high temperature.

Flammables and Combustibles: Flammable/combustible materials are materials which under standard conditions can generate sufficient vapor to cause a fire in the presence of an ignition source. Flammable materials can generate sufficient vapors at temperatures below 100oF (38oC); combustibles, at temperatures at or above 100oF (38oC). Flammables are more hazardous at elevated temperatures due to more rapid vaporization. In addition, flammable and combustible materials react with oxidizers which can result in a fire.

Hazardous Chemical: means a chemical for which there is statistically significant evidence based on at least one study conducted in accordance with established scientific principles that acute or chronic health effects may occur in exposed d employees.

"Health hazard" refers to chemicals for which there is statistically significant evidence based on at least one study conducted in accordance with established scientific principles that acute or chronic health effects may occur in exposed employees. This term includes chemicals which are carcinogens, toxic or highly toxic agents, reproductive toxins, irritants, corrosives, sensitizers, hepatotoxins (liver), nephrotoxins (kidney), neurotoxins (nerves), agents which act on the hematopoietic system (blood), radioactive materials, biohazards, and agents which damage the lungs, skin, eyes, or mucous membranes. For many toxic materials, hygienic standards have been established and action must be taken to prevent personnel from receiving exposures in excess of these standards. These standards may be referred to as threshold limit values (TLVs) or permissible exposure limits (PELs). Protection from health hazards is provided by ensuring that exposure to such hazards is minimized or eliminated.

Many chemicals are considered highly reactive, explosive, and/or toxic and may be or become explosive under the right conditions. Additionally, many chemicals exhibit more than one hazardous characteristic. When working with or around these chemicals additional precautions for safe handling to protect against injury should be understood and practiced. Understanding the steps for proper disposal of these chemicals is also very important since many laboratory accidents involving these types of chemicals occur during the disposal process. The main categories of chemicals defined as reactive, explosive, and/or hazardous include:

Laboratory: means a facility where the “laboratory use of hazardous chemicals” occurs. A workplace where relatively small quantities of hazardous chemicals are used on a non-production basis.

Laboratory Scale: means work with substance in which the containers used for reactions, transfers, and other handling of substances are designed to be easily and safely manipulated by one person. “Laboratory scale” excludes those workplaces whose function is to produce commercial quantities of materials.

Light-Sensitive Materials: Light-sensitive materials are unstable with respect to light energy. They tend to degrade in the presence of light, forming new compounds which can be hazardous, or resulting in conditions such as pressure build-up inside a container.


13

Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) – required information about specific chemicals or mixtures of chemicals sent with each chemical by the manufacture or chemical supplier. MSDS should contain sixteen sections including chemical name, physical data, toxicity data, hazards, safe handling precautions, emergency procedures, etc.

Medical consultation: means a consultation which takes place between and employee and a licensed physician for the purpose of determining what medical examinations or procedures, if any, are appropriate in cases where significant exposure to a hazardous chemical may have taken place.

Occupation Safety and Health Act (OSHA): government organization organized to regulate and monitor worker safety.

Oxidizers: Oxidizers are materials which readily yield oxygen or another oxidizing gas, or that readily react to promote or initiate combustion of flammable/combustible materials. Oxidation reactions are a frequent cause of chemical accidents.

Peroxidizable Substances: Peroxidizable substances react with oxygen to form peroxides (-O-O-) . Some peroxides can explode with impact, heat, or friction such as that caused by removing a lid. Peroxides can form inside the containers of some materials even if they have not been opened. Examples include ethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, acetaldehyde, isoprene, isopropyl ether, etc.

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) – safety devices and clothing to protect lab workers examples: safety glasses, goggles, face shields, lab coat, gloves, ear plugs, etc.

Principle Investigator (PI) – a professor or other researcher who oversees a

laboratory

"Physical hazard:" refers to a chemical for which there is evidence that it is a combustible liquid, a compressed gas, explosive, flammable, an organic peroxide, an oxidizer, pyrophoric, unstable (reactive) or water-reactive. Certain chemicals cannot be safely mixed or stored with other chemicals because a severe reaction can take place or an extremely toxic reaction product can result.

Pyrophoric Materials: Pyrophoric materials ignite spontaneously upon contact with air. The flame may or may not be visible. Examples include butyllithium, silane, and yellow phosphorous. Store and use all pyrophorics in an inert atmosphere.

Reproductive Toxin: means chemicals which affect the reproductive chemicals which affect reproductive capabilities including chromosomal damage (mutations) and effects on fetuses (teratogenesis).

Risk Management (RM) –, department who manages the health and safety of the

campus community including laboratory safety.

Select Carcinogen: means any substance which meets the following criteria: i) It is regulated by OSHA as a carcinogen; ii) it is listed under the category “known to be carcinogens” by National Toxicology Program (NTP); iii) it is listed under Group 1 carcinogenic to humans by International Agency of research on Cancer Monographs (IARC); iv) It is listed in either Group 2A or 2B by IARC under the category, “reasonably anticipated to be carcinogens.


14

Shock-Sensitive or Explosive Materials: Shock sensitive/explosive materials are substances or mixtures which can spontaneously release large amounts of energy under normal conditions, or when struck, vibrated, or otherwise agitated. Dinitrophenylhydrazine, picryl chloride, and many other nitro compounds are shock-sensitive and explosive. Some materials become increasingly shock-sensitive with age and/or loss of moisture (Example: Picric acid). The inadvertent formation of shock-sensitive/explosive materials such as peroxides, perchlorates, picrates and azides is of great concern in the laboratory. More detail can be found in OSHA 1910.120(j)(5).

Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) –, documents that describe a specific process or procedure, provides guidance for correct operation with specific safety elements and PPE recommendations.

Teaching Assistants (TAs) –, assist PI with teaching classes or laboratories

Unstable (reactive): means a chemical which in the pure state, or as produced or

transported, will vigorously polymerize, decompose, condense, or will become self-

reactive under conditions of shock, pressure or temperature.

Water-Reactive Materials: Materials which react with water to produce a flammable or toxic gas, or other hazardous condition are said to be water-reactive. Fire and explosion are serious concerns when working with these materials. Special precautions for safe handling of water-reactive materials will depend on the specific material, and the conditions of use and storage. Examples of water-reactives include alkali (Group IA) and alkaline earth (Group IIA) metals (e.g. Li, Na, K, Ca, Mg), metal hydrides, some metal and nonmetal chlorides (e.g. SiCl4, PCl3, AlCl3), calcium carbide, acid halides and acid anhydrides.

IV. CHEMICAL HYGIENE PLAN

One of the most important components of a laboratory safety program is chemicals management. The OSHA Laboratory Standard, 29 CFR 1910.1450 requires “a written program developed and implemented by the employer which sets forth procedures, equipment, and personal protective equipment and work practices that are capable of protecting employees from the health hazards presented by hazardous chemicals used in that particular workplace.”

As the foundation of the laboratory safety program, the department Chemical Hygiene Plan will be reviewed and updated, as needed, on an annual basis by the department safety officer and chemical hygiene officer. Updates will include changes in policies and personnel as stated by OSHA. Each PI is responsible to review and update their laboratory CHP annually.

Topics included in a Chemical Hygiene Plan:

standard operating procedures

individual responsibilities for chemical hygiene

safety rules and regulations

biological safety

personal apparel and PPE

safety equipment

laboratory housekeeping

laboratory equipment

compressed gas safety


15

facility design and laboratory ventilation

chemical management

criteria to reduce chemical exposures

chemical waste policies

emergency action plan (EAP) for accidents and spills

emergency preparedness and facility security issues

required training

medical and environmental or exposure monitoring

radiation and non-ionizing radiation safety

CHPs shall be readily available to employees.

Housekeeping

Good housekeeping is one of the most important factors in a safe laboratory. Clutter may result in spills, falls, and broken glassware. DO NOT store combustible material like boxes and unnecessary papers that can fuel a fire and keep it burning. DO NOT block sprinklers.

Keep hoods, floors, workbenches, sinks, cabinets, and shelves free of clutter. Keep in mind that for most laboratories, custodial crews will only clean the floor and empty trash bins. It is the responsibility of laboratory personnel to clean workbenches, hoods, and sinks.

Chemical Procurement

Before ordering chemicals, discuss the need with your supervisor, then check to see if the chemicals are available in the stockroom. OSHA strongly recommends that information on proper handling, storage, and disposal should be known to those involved prior to ordering and receiving a substance. All information regarding specifics of chemicals is found in the MSDS. Additionally, no container should be accepted without an adequate identifying label and chemicals should all be received in the central stockroom. Shipments with damage such as breakage and leakage should be refused or opened in a hood by laboratory staff.

Chemical Storage

Store chemicals according to the Chemical Hygiene Plan and information listed on the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). Remember to utilize storage units designed for flammable materials (e.g., flammable solvents exceeding 10 gallons) and ventilated cabinets as needed. Be alert for possible incompatible combinations of chemicals (e.g., oxidizers with organics) when organizing and storing. See Attachment #4 for an extensive list of incompatible chemicals. Chemicals should not be stored on bench tops, desks, floors, or hoods. Use only laboratory-safe, flammable material refrigerators for storage of chemicals. Never store items for human consumption in chemical storage refrigerators.

Corridor closets equipped with storage shelves for equipment which is temporarily not in use are not for storing chemicals.

Chemical Handling

MSDS sheets are the resource for important information about handling chemicals. A comprehensive file of MSDSs must be kept in the laboratory or be readily accessible online to all employees during all work shifts. Reading and following MSDSs should be part of the training of laboratory personnel. Familiarization of appropriate PPE that should be worn when


16

handling a chemical is a must. Additionally, ensure that the ventilation will be adequate to handle the chemicals in the laboratory.

Chemical Inventories

A current inventory of chemicals used or stored in the laboratory is to be available. Keep chemicals organized and away from work areas (benches, hoods, and desks) in order to provide smooth inventory checking and work flow.

MSDS’s for all chemicals used or stored in a laboratory will be available. The MSDS will provide necessary information to emergency personnel in the event of an incident. (see Attachment #13) Chemicals Management personnel are responsible for maintaining and updating chemical inventories for the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry. Each faculty member has access to his inventories by visiting the Risk Management and Safety website (http://risk.byu.edu/index.php). Chemicals Management’s inventory updates are performed annually. The laboratory should keep their own updated inventory and fill in new chemicals not on the inventory list and remove chemicals that are used or sent for disposal.

Chemical Spills

Principal Investigators are responsible for ensuring that spills are cleaned up in a timely manner. PI’s should ensure all laboratory workers know how to prevent and clean spills. Spill containment kits for the types of chemicals used in the laboratory will be accessible.

Please contact Risk Management and Safety, if additional assistance is needed.

Simple steps to reduce the likelihood of spills

o Eliminate clutter in the work area o Know proper work practices for the materials you use o Always use unbreakable, suitably large secondary containers when transporting

chemicals o Store chemicals in a location where they will not be broken o Dispose of waste excess chemicals in a timely manner

Nuisance Spills

A nuisance spill is less than four liters of a non-hazardous material.

Nuisance Spill Procedure:

Alert others in immediate area of spill

Assess the hazard of spill

Wear additional personal protective equipment appropriate for clean-up

Avoid breathing vapors from the spill

Confine spill to small area and absorb with absorbent material

Clean spill area with soap and water

Dispose all contaminated materials properly

http://risk.byu.edu/index.php


17

Potentially Hazardous Spills

A potentially hazardous spill is greater than four liters of a known material or a smaller spill of more dangerous material (e.g. unknowns, LD50 less than 50mg/kg, LC50 less than 200ppm, unknown toxicity, carcinogens, flammable metals, radioactive material, biohazards).

Potentially Hazardous Spill Procedure:

Attend to injured or contaminated person(s) (if area is safe). Remove them from further exposure unless they are not in harm’s way and need medical attention. Do not move anyone who may need medical attention unless their life safety is in question.

Alert others in immediate area to evacuate the lab

Close doors to affected area

Assess the hazard of spill

Turn off heat and ignition sources if spill is flammable

Call Risk Management (2-4468) or BYU Police at 2-2222

A person knowledgeable to the incident and the laboratory assist Risk Management personnel.

Laboratory Exhaust Hoods

Laboratory hoods are designed to protect the individual from exposure to chemical hazards. Fume hoods are the most important components used to protect laboratory personnel from exposure to hazardous chemicals and agents. Large volumes of air are drawn through the face and out the top into an exhaust duct to contain and remove contaminants from the laboratory. A well-designed hood, when properly installed and maintained, offers a substantial degree of protection to the user and other people in the laboratory. Protection is contingent on proper use and understanding the limitations.

NOTE: Chemicals should not be stored in a hood. Cabinets below the hood are designed for

chemical storage.


18

Variable Air Volume Chemical Fume Hoods

All of the exhaust hoods are designed to protect workers from chemical vapors and to optimize the air flow required to do this job. The air flow regulator for each hood and room is controlled by microprocessors located in the corridor. The microprocessors are then tied to a master control which regulates the speed of the building’s supply and exhaust fans. The energy required to condition building air is wasted when hood sashes are left open unnecessarily. Use the hoods correctly or they will not give you the protection that you are expecting. If your head is in the hood, you are not protected from the fumes in the hood–you are in the fumes! If you have the sash up and the sliding glass doors open, you are exposing yourself to the fumes you are trying to avoid! All chemical fume hoods have the following characteristics.

The hoods are designed for 100 lineal feet-per-minute face velocity when in use. Air speed

settings can be increased or decreased for special requirements in any hood.

1. Vertical and horizontal sliding sashes have detectors to indicate when they are open or closed, and these automatically adjust exhaust and supply air flow to compensate for changing openings.

2. The hoods have both infrared and motion detectors with which they can determine “in use" status. When someone approaches a hood, air flow increases. When they walk away, in a few seconds to minutes (programmable) the hood air flow will drop to a lower level (programmable) in order to conserve energy.

3. An alarm will sound if air flow drops below a set velocity. Do NOT mute the alarm on a hood or continue to use it. The alarm is sounding for a reason and necessary repairs should be made so that it is not necessary to mute the alarm.

4. There may be an exception when the hoods are turned to EMERGENCY for forced ventilation. Putting the hood on emergency usually activates the alarm and in this case the alarm may be muted for the duration of the emergency use of the ventilation system.

5. Each hood has a bypass feature which allows it to still move minimal amounts of air with the sashes closed. The hoods are designed to be normally closed. Hoods left open overnight or for extended periods cause unnecessary filtering, cooling and/or heating of building air. Close hood sashes when experiments in the hood are not being accessed.

6. The building exhaust, air supply, and hood systems are connected to the emergency power generator system that will provide minimal ventilation and exhaust during a main power outage.

7. Hood sashes should be closed (and the building evacuated) during a power outage. The ALARMS ON THE HOODS WILL AUTOMATICALLY ACTIVATE.

8. Hoods are equipped with baffles which are manually adjustable with a lever from the front of the hood.

9. Hood sashes can be raised above the level of the normal "stop" to insert apparatus. THIS WILL NORMALLY ACTIVATE THE ALARM SYSTEM because the air flow is not adequate. Do not leave the sash above this "stop" when performing experiments. Hoods cannot maintain the necessary 100-ft. per second airflow in the fully open position.


19

10. If you need extra ventilation in a laboratory due to a spill or other problem, the hoods may be raised to the stop, turned to EMERGENCY operation, and muted.

11. Do NOT open the sliding windows as well as raise the sash. This will recirculate bad air into the laboratory.

12. Hoods are tested semiannually for

Snorkel Fume Exhausts

The snorkels installed in many labs are adjustable devices, and each unit is furnished with a "normally-closed-when-not-in-use" butterfly valve. Some of these valves may be accessible only above the ceiling tile and are not intended for frequent changes. The flexible ducting is stainless steel. Other flexible ducting can be installed if needed. Several labs have a snorkel on/off switch to control all locations in the room.

Specialty Hoods for Particularly Hazardous Substances

Various types of hoods are designated for specific hazardous substances. A few of these

substances are: perchloric acid, fluorine, and select carcinogens.

Perchloric acid hoods are stainless steel hoods with a special wash-down feature that allows for

the safe removal of any organic perchlorates that may have formed in the course of perchloric

acid digestions. The hood is designed to have a completely separate venting. All waste

generated while working in this hood needs to be handled through Materials Management (2-

6452). Do not pour waste into the drain or the water wash system of the hood!

A fluorine hood is for working with fluorine gas. It is a stainless steel hood with completely

separate venting designed to prevent the mixing of the fluorine gas with any other materials.

Such mixing could result in an explosion due to incompatibilities.

Carcinogen hoods are located in an isolated area where a shower for decontamination, a changing area, and a warning light to allow others to avoid the area while work is being conducted. This is a stainless steel hood with completely separate venting. Biosafety Cabinets: BSCs are special hoods for work with pathogenic microorganisms. Each is designed with HEPA filtration to remove microorganisms. Refer to the discussion of BSCs in section V of this document.

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

All personnel are responsible to wear the required PPE for their work area. Supervisors are responsible to establish, and in some cases provide, the types of PPE necessary to safely perform the work. PI’s will monitor personnel’s wearing of the appropriate safety PPE. See the BYU PPE Program for guidance identifying hazards and selecting appropriate PPE: http://risk.byu.edu/safety/docs/PPEProgram.pdf

Follow the list of questions to determine the type(s) of PPE necessary for any given laboratory activity.

What Person Protective Equipment (PPE) is necessary?

When is the PPE to be used?

How to put on, take off, or otherwise adjust the PPE?

Any limitations of the PPE?

http://risk.byu.edu/safety/docs/PPEProgram.pdf


20

How long the PPE will last (useful life)?

How to properly care for, maintain, replace and dispose of the PPE?

The following should be used as a guideline for obtaining safety PPE:

Where REQUIRED, the department will provide the following safety apparel items (the department obtains them at its expense and the items remain on University premises):

o Aprons o Face shields o Hard hats o Hearing Protection Devices o Laser safety glasses o Protective Gloves (welding gloves, mesh gloves for cutting, cryogenic gloves,

rubber gloves, etc.) o Respiratory Protection Devices

Risk Management provides all respirators where they are needed on campus. The BYU Respiratory Protection program is administered through Risk Management. Contact Risk Management for an evaluation, training and proper fit testing of respirators.

Safety apparel – responsibility of employee if it is determined to be required by the hazard assessment

o Foot Protection; individuals are responsible for their own shoes/boots o Laboratory coats o Latex or nitrile gloves (for teaching labs) o Safety goggles

NOTE: This list is not all inclusive

Personnel who prefer to use fitted safety apparel/equipment that is recommended BUT NOT REQUIRED are responsible to obtain the apparel/equipment at their own expense:

o Safety glasses (prescription/non-prescription) o Safety Shoes o Gloves (except those provided by the department)

NOTE: This list is not all inclusive.

If an individual does not wear or disables the required safety apparel or equipment, the supervisor is responsible to take appropriate disciplinary action. When disciplinary action is necessary, the supervisor should contact the department office or Employee Relations Office for the proper procedures.

Supervisors who do NOT require and monitor personnel wear/use of the appropriate safety apparel, or do not discipline those who do NOT wear/use the appropriate safety apparel/equipment may also be subject to discipline.


21

Eye and Face Protection

Wear safety glasses, goggles, or face shields when working with corrosive materials or other hazardous or infectious substances that can splash into the eyes. The type of eye protection required depends on the hazard. It is the responsibility of individual students to wear adequate protective eyewear as specified in the protocol being performed.

For persons requiring corrective lenses, over-the-glasses style safety spectacles are available. Contact lenses may be worn in most lab environments provided that the same approved eye protection is worn as required. If chemical vapors or corrosive or irritant liquids contact the eyes while wearing contact lenses, these steps should be followed:

Continuously flush the eyes with water as described above for at least 15 minutes. o Remove the lenses after flushing begins. o Seek medical attention.

Gloves

Wear gloves made of the appropriate material (e.g. nitrile, latex, vinyl gloves) when handling chemical or biological hazards in the laboratory. Refer to the MSDS and the SOP or procedure for the specified type of gloves.

Always wear disposable gloves when handling human blood, human blood products, or other human or animal body fluids or tissues.

Wear gloves when handling or mixing any mutagenic, carcinogenic, teratogenic, toxic, or other hazardous compound (see Attachment #6 for OSHA list of known carcinogens).

Double gloving is strongly encouraged when working with blood products and hazardous chemicals not compatible with the glove type.

Nitrile, cut resistant gloves DISPOSABLE PLASTIC NOT acceptable! forlaboratory use


22

Note: Do Not Wear Disposable Gloves Outside Of Laboratory Areas

Do not wear contaminated gloves in public areas of the building. The gloves may carry contaminates which can expose non-laboratory workers, visitors, and students to the very hazards that require gloves in the first place. Even if your gloves are clean, bystanders may question whether or not those gloves are contaminated. Therefore, we adopt the common protocol of removing gloves each time we leave our laboratory area. Remove used gloves properly and dispose in designated receptacles in the laboratory. Wash hands with soap and warm water for at least 15 sec immediately after removing gloves. For additional information on the type of gloves needed for a procedure, visit the glove information section of the RM website. http://risk.byu.edu/safety/Gloves.php

Laboratory Coats and Aprons

Laboratory coats and aprons may be required depending on the type of work being performed. Remove coats and aprons prior to leaving the laboratory. Properly fitting lab coats (not too large or too small) are essential for lab safety. The cuff is off the sleeve not extending past your wrist. Launder the lab coat when they become dirty. You can find more information on proper lab attire in the PPE attachment at the end of this plan.

Other Protective Clothing

All personnel must wear closed toe shoes (not open sandals) while in laboratories. Long pants are also required in all labs where chemicals or other hazardous materials are used. Loose-

http://risk.byu.edu/safety/Gloves.php

http://risk.byu.edu/safety/Gloves.php


23

fitting or hanging clothing (ties or scarfs) are not recommended. Long hair should be pulled back away from the face and secured behind the head. Never wear shorts or sandals into a laboratory. They do not provide adequate protection for students or researchers working with chemicals or other hazardous materials. Jewelry and ties can be a hazard, become caught on equipment or keep chemicals in close contact with the skin.

Hearing Protection

Risk Management oversees the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) Hearing Conservation Program, and, with the assistance of the Hearing and Speech Laboratory, monitors the noise exposure levels in campus buildings. Risk Management works with Media Services to monitor noise levels at special events. Supervisors are required to ensure that proper hearing protection is used, where necessary. Call the Risk Management department about the Hearing Conservation Program (422-4468).

Noise induced hearing loss in the work place is an ever increasing problem. Typically laboratories do not have problems with excessive noise produced by lab equipment but if you need to raise your voice to speak to someone standing next to you then hearing protection may be required. Disposable earplugs or earmuffs provide substantial protection in reducing exposure to high levels of noise.

Before inserting earplugs wash your hands. Roll the end of the earplug into a small rod-like shape and gently insert the plug into your ear canal. Wait a few seconds for the plug to expand and get a good fit.

Ear muffs come in a variety of styles, shapes and sizes. They protect against noise by completely covering the outer ear. It is important to find one that fits comfortably. Test several types and sizes to assure they fit over your outer ear.

Note: This policy and warning about proper PPE applies in all teaching and research laboratories within the College where chemicals are used or stored.

Controlled substances

The BYU Controlled Substances program applies to all Brigham Young University faculty,

administrators, staff and students who use controlled substances for academic and/or research

purposes, with the exception of Athletics and the Student Health Center. This includes, but is

not limited to the use of controlled substances in animal research. This program does not apply

to the medical use of controlled substances prescribed by a physician.

Schedule I controlled substances are not allowed on BYU campus.

BYU’s written Controlled Substance Policy may be down loaded from the ORCA website under:

Policies & Reports; Policies & Reports.


24

http://orca.byu.edu/policies/

Highly Reactive, Explosive and Highly Hazardous Chemicals

A hazardous chemical is any element, chemical compound, or mixture of elements and/or compounds which presents a physical hazard and/or a health hazard. If you are not sure if a chemical you are using is hazardous, review the MSDS and applicable reference books, or contact your PI, supervisor, instructor, or the Chemical Hygiene Officer.

The OSHA Laboratory Standard requires Chemical Hygiene Plans to include information on “the circumstances under which a particular laboratory operation, procedure or activity shall require prior approval”, including “provisions for additional employee protection for work with particularly hazardous substances” such as "select carcinogens, reproductive toxins, and substances which have a high degree of acute toxicity.

Prior approval ensures that the laboratory workers have received the proper training on the hazards of particularly hazardous substances. The laboratory must have the facilities to properly use and store the hazardous substance. All safety considerations will be taken into account BEFORE a particularly hazardous substance is ordered. Refer to Attachments#5 & 6 for a list of particularly hazardous substances. Since this list is not all inclusive, other resources should be reviewed like the MSDS. Additional information can be found on the OSHA Safety and Health Topics for Hazardous and Toxic Substances webpage.

Procedures

In most cases, the label will indicate if the chemical is hazardous. Look for key words like caution, hazardous, toxic, dangerous, corrosive, irritant, carcinogen, etc. Old containers of hazardous chemicals (before 1985) may not contain hazard warnings.

The following guidelines apply to reactive, explosive, and highly hazardous chemicals:

1. Consult with Risk Management prior to purchasing or using materials which are radioactive, biohazardous, particularly toxic, highly energetic, and similar types of materials. They require special purchasing approvals, handling techniques, storage, and waste disposal.

2. A hazard assessment will be done and Standard Operating Procedures written prior to beginning any activity using hazardous materials. SOPs may be created by departments, principal investigators, project directors or graduate students. Each SOP should be project-specific and/or area-specific for the use of hazardous chemicals and hazardous operations work not specifically covered by this Safety/CHP.

http://orca.byu.edu/policies/


25

3. The department, PI, or Laboratory Supervisor will define which, if any activities, operations, or procedures require approval before implementation.

4. Minimize the quantity of these materials kept in the work area.

5. An eyewash and safety shower must be readily accessible to areas where hazardous materials are used and stored. In the event of skin or eye contact with an injurious material, immediately flush the area of contact with cool water for at least 15 minutes. Remove all affected clothing. Get medical help.

6. Wear both eye protection and chemical resistant gloves when handling hazardous materials. A face shield, rubber apron, and other personal protective equipment may also be appropriate, depending on the work performed. The required safety equipment will be included in the SOP for the process or experiment.

7. Know the reactivity of the materials involved in the experiment or process. If the reaction can be violent or explosive, use shields or other methods for isolating the materials or process.

8. Date all containers of explosive, shock-sensitive, or otherwise unstable materials upon receipt and when opened. Follow established procedures for timely and acceptable disposal of unused materials.

NOTE: Refer to Attachments #3-7 for listing of hazardous, toxic, carcinogenic, shock sensitive, and other dangerous chemicals.

The OSHA Laboratory Standard requires Chemical Hygiene Plans to include information on “the circumstances under which a particular laboratory operation, procedure or activity shall require prior approval”, including “provisions for additional employee protection for work with particularly hazardous substances” such as "select carcinogens," reproductive toxins, and substances which have a high degree of acute toxicity.

Prior approval ensures that laboratory workers have received the proper training on the hazards of particularly hazardous substances or with new equipment, and that safety considerations have been taken into account BEFORE a new experiment begins.

While Risk Management can provide assistance in identifying circumstances when there should be prior approval before implementation of a particular laboratory operation, the ultimate responsibility of establishing prior approval procedures lies with the Principal Investigator or laboratory supervisor.

Principal Investigators or laboratory supervisors must identify operations or experiments that involve particularly hazardous substances (such as "select carcinogens," reproductive toxins, and substances which have a high degree of acute toxicity) and highly hazardous operations or equipment that require prior approval. They must establish the guidelines, procedures, and approval process that would be required. This information should be documented in the laboratory's or department's SOPs.

Additionally, Principal Investigators and laboratory supervisors are strongly encouraged to have written documentation, such as “Prior Approval” forms that are completed and signed by the laboratory worker, and signed off by the Principal Investigator or laboratory supervisor and kept on file.

Examples where Principal Investigators or laboratory supervisors should consider requiring their laboratory workers to obtain prior approval include:


26

Experiments that require the use of particularly hazardous substances such as "select carcinogens," reproductive toxins, and substances that have a high degree of acute toxicity, highly toxic gases, high energy chemicals, etc.

Cryogenic materials and other highly hazardous chemicals or experiments involving radioactive materials, high powered lasers, etc.

Where a significant change is planned for the amount of chemicals to be used for a routine experiment such as an increase of 10% or greater in the quantity of chemicals normally used.

When a new piece of equipment is brought into the lab that requires special training in addition to the normal training provided to laboratory workers.

V. BIOSAFETY IN CHEMICAL LABORATORIES

Biosafety involves the proper handling of biological agents and materials to limit exposures and reduce the likelihood of infection and disease, which may result from an exposure. Risk of disease resulting from a laboratory exposure to biological substances can be significantly reduced with an understanding of the agent(s), proper handling techniques, and the appropriate PPE. Laboratory biohazards present at BYU may include bacteria, viruses, fungi and molds, blood, and other bodily fluids. Each may pose a threat to the health of living organisms, primarily that of humans.

Recombinant DNA is considered a biohazard. When working with rDNA the same precautions must be followed as described for infectious microorganisms and agents.

Hand washing cannot be over emphasized when it comes to biosafety. Lab employees should wash their hands prior to beginning and after completing work with biological hazards. Other individuals working in the vicinity but not directly with a biological hazard should also wash their hands prior to leaving the laboratory.

Biosafety PPE

The proper selection and use of PPE is required when working with infectious agents. This is

crucial for reducing risks and preventing diseases caused by an exposure to skin, mucus

membranes, or from puncture wounds. PPE may include eye and face protection, gloves that

cover the hand and lower arm, lab appropriate clothing including long pants, foot ware that

covers the entire foot, and if needed respiratory and UV protection.

Biosafety cabinets

Biological Safety Cabinets (BSCs) are the primary means of containment developed for working

safely with infectious microorganisms. Like a chemical flow hood, BSCs are designed to

provide personal protection for the lab worker. BSCs also provide additional protection for the

environment and test products. The level of protection is dependent on the biohazards

associated with the agent or material being used.

BSCs are only one part of an overall biosafety program, which requires consistent use of good

microbiological practices, use of primary containment equipment, and proper containment

facility design. Three kinds of biological safety cabinets, designated as Class I, II and III, have

been developed to meet varying research and clinical needs. Every laboratory using biological


27

materials is to have a hazards and risk assessment performed by the Biosafety Officer and

Principal Investigator to determine if, and what type of BSC is required. Each BSC must be

routinely inspected and tested by trained personnel appointed by the department and

recertified annually to maintain proper operational integrity.

A video explaining how to use a biosafety cabinet can be accessed from the College of Life

Science website. http://lifesciences.byu.edu/safety/LabSafety/SafetyVideos.aspx

Blood-borne pathogens

Labs on campus may be performing research with microorganisms found in blood or human tissue known as blood-borne pathogens. Pathogens may be viruses, bacteria, or other infectious agents transmitted in the blood and known to cause disease in humans. There is a potential for workers in these labs to come in contact with contaminated blood or body fluids which could result in infection and disease.

Anyone working with body fluids or in laboratories where injury and bleeding is a possibility should be informed about precautions against contacting bloodborne pathogens. Common pathogens include Hepatitis B, C, and Human Immune Deficiency Virus (HIV) 1 and 2. The Supervisor or Principal Investigator should instruct and document instructions about biological hazards in the lab prior to starting work. This is essential in order to reduce the risk of exposure.

Preventative measures include using goggles, gloves, protective clothing, sharps containers, eyewash stations, and good sanitation measures (e.g. liberal use of a 1:10 dilution of house hold hypochlorite bleach solution when cleaning up blood or other body fluids; CDC ). Vaccination for Hepatitis B is recommended prior to working in places with the risk of exposure to bloodborne pathogens since about 1 out of 240 people in the US are chronic carriers of Hepatitis B. There is no vaccine for Hepatitis C which is equally contagious.

If an individual is exposed to infected blood or other body fluids not known to be infected, immediately contact the lab Supervisor or Principal Investigator and, if needed, emergency responders. If after consulting with medical personnel an individual chooses to receive HIV-specific, anti-retroviral drugs, treatment should begin within 2 hours of the estimated time of exposure. BYU Risk Management, BYU Student Health Center, and Utah Valley Hospital all have protocols for the anti-retroviral treatment.

Basic guidelines for Exposure to Bloodborne Pathogens (adapted from the Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report for Occupational Exposure to Bloodborne Pathogens June 29, 2001).

Provide immediate care to the exposure site o Wash wounds and skin with soap and water o Flush mucous membranes with water o Clean exposed areas (e.g. counter, floor) with bleach

Determine risk associated with exposure by o Type of fluid (e.g. blood) o Type of exposure (e.g. inhalation, ingestion, injection, absorption, etc.)

Refer to the BYU Bloodborne Pathogens Program on the Risk Management website:

http://risk.byu.edu/safety/safety_programs/BloodbornePathogens.php#program

http://lifesciences.byu.edu/safety/LabSafety/SafetyVideos.aspx

http://risk.byu.edu/safety/safety_programs/BloodbornePathogens.php#program


28

Research with human and animal subjects

The Office of Research and Creative Activities (ORCA) is responsible both animal and human subject research training at BYU. Two committees regulate the use of animal or human subjects during research: the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) and the Institutional Review Board (IRB).

IACUC is required by federal regulation and is intended to ensure appropriate housing, care, and humane treatment of animals used in research or other academic activities on campus and animal field studies research performed by University researchers. Refer to the IACUC page on ORCA’s website: http://orca.byu.edu/iacuc/index.php

All researchers using animals are required to complete an online tutorial see link on ORCA’s website under training. http://orca.byu.edu/iacuc/Training.php. Online training is provided by ORCA through the American Association of Laboratory Animal Science (AALAS) Learning Library. This training is essential for all researchers and investigators working with animals. The training emphasizes the appropriate handling, care, and use of animals. The courses are designed to help meet training mandates of regulatory agencies and improve technical knowledge. All students and faculty must complete the designated AALAS training modules before working with animals. This includes the principal investigator, all co-investigators, research technicians, research assistants, or student assistants who have interactions with the research animals.

BYU’s IRB is responsible for the review of all human subjects research conducted at BYU or elsewhere by University faculty, staff, or students. It also reviews research by investigators from other institutions or agencies who are working in conjunction with BYU in any capacity. See the IRB overview at: http://orca.byu.edu/irb/

All researchers using human subjects are required to complete an online research tutorial located on BYU’s IRB website. All students and faculty must complete the IRB tutorial before working with human subjects. This includes the principal investigator, all co-investigators, research technicians, research assistants, or student assistants who have contact with the research subjects. A certificate of completion will be issued at the end of the tutorial. This report must be printed out and kept with protocol materials.

Sharps

Biohazardous sharps

Needles, razor blades, lancets, scalpels, glass and plastic tips – instruments used for cutting, puncturing skin, or biological cultures – are regulated wastes, meaning that there are regulations and laws governing the disposal of these materials. All sharps contaminated with potentially biohazardous substances must be properly labeled as biohazardous waste. Biohazardous sharps are required to be stored in a leak resistant sealable container. These containers are available in the Chemistry Central Stockroom.

http://orca.byu.edu/iacuc/index.php

http://orca.byu.edu/iacuc/Training.php

http://orca.byu.edu/irb/


29

Metal sharps (Needles, razors blades, lancets, scalpels) can be autoclaved and disposed by incineration.

Schedule a pickup of biohazardous waste on the Risk Management website or contact Risk Management for more information.

Non-biohazardous sharps

Same for biohazardous sharps except a biohazardous sharps container may be relabeled Non-biohazardous.

Glass All uncontaminated waste glass (rinsed and NON-BIOHAZARDOUS; broken or not) must be packaged and labeled in sturdy containers. Containers are not to be too large so that they exceed 20 pounds when full. Sturdy cardboard boxes are recommended. Glass mixed with sharps becomes regulated waste, increasing disposal costs. Glass may be disposed of with other trash (see attached document).

VI. COMPRESSED GASES

All cylinders must be treated as potential missiles and with caution. Tragic accidents have occurred when a cylinder was knocked over, damaging the cylinder and turning it into a rocket.

Pressurized cylinders need special handling and storage. Store high pressure cylinders in storage brackets fastened against a wall or in a secure location.

Cylinders must be transported with safety caps in place and must be effectively secured before that cap is removed. They must never be dragged across the floor. Serious accidents have occurred when a cylinder with a regulator in place was improperly moved. Cylinders that had a regulator shear off in a fall have been known to rocket through several brick walls.

The Benson Science Building has cylinder closets located in the halls for the storage of compressed gas cylinders. Cylinders must be secured with two straps or preferably chains to a fixed rack or secured in a cylinder bracket secured to an immovable counter or structure to prevent them from falling. Cylinders in individual laboratories are to be secured to the wall with Uni-strut and chains. Multiple cylinders secured by one clamp are not safe. Cylinders secured with straps and pressure clamps attached to benches do not provide adequate safety and should only be used temporarily.

Additionally, gas cylinders are not to be stored on cylinder transportation carts. It is never appropriate to store compressed gas cylinders on carts or lying on the floor horizontally.

The storage rooms should be fire resistant and the storage should not be in subsurface locations. Cylinders should be stored in secure areas at temperatures below 125ºF, away from radiators or other sources of heat. A fire-resistant partition between the cylinders can also be used. A flame should never come in contact with any part of a compressed gas cylinder.


30

Rusting will damage the cylinder and may cause the valve protection cap to stick.

All alterations and repairs to the cylinder and valve must be made by the compressed gas vendor. Modification of safety relief devices beyond the tank or regulator should only be made by a competent person appointed by management.

Often color codes are used to help designate cylinders. Arbitrary paint is not recommended.

Ordinary soap solution may contain oils that are unsafe when used with oxygen cylinders. Leak detection liquids are available from laboratory supply houses.

Refer to the safety check list for compressed gas cylinders, Attachment #9.

VII. ELECTRICAL SAFETY

Because so much of the equipment in this department employs high voltage or current, it is important to understand electrical hazards. Whether working on wiring, the inside of a computer, or outlets and extension cords, if you are not familiar with the work you are doing, be trained first. Even low voltage devices can deliver a harmful current.

Electric shock typically occurs when a person contacts the following:

Both wires of an energized circuit.

One wire of an energized circuit and the ground.

A metallic part in contact with an energized wire while the person is also in contact with the ground.

Three primary factors affect the severity of the shock a person receives when he/she is a part of

an electrical circuit:

Amount of current flowing through the body.

Path of the current through the body.

Length of time the body is in the circuit.

Other factors that may affect the severity of the shock are:

Voltage of the current.

Presence of moisture in the environment.

Phase of the heart cycle when the shock occurs.

The general health of the person prior to the shock.


31

Effects can range from a barely perceptible tingle to severe burns and immediate cardiac arrest. Shocks can cause electrical burns, arc or flash burns, or thermal contact burns.

A longer exposure creates a greater risk for serious injury. Additionally, longer exposures at relatively low voltages can be as dangerous as short exposures at higher voltages. Low voltage does not imply low hazard.

In addition to muscle contractions that cause seizing, or “freezing”, electrical shocks also can cause involuntary muscle reactions. These reactions can result in a wide range of other injuries from collisions or falls.

Static Electricity

Static electricity can also cause a shock, though generally not as potentially severe as the type of shock described previously. Static electricity can build up on the surface of an object and, under the right conditions, discharge to a person, causing shock.

However, static electricity also can cause shocks or can discharge to an object with much more serious consequences. One example is when friction causes a high level of static electricity to build up at a specific spot on an object. This can happen simply though handling plastic pipes and materials or during normal operation of rubberized drive or machine belts found in worksites. In these cases, static electricity can potentially discharge to nearby flammable or combustible substances, causing an explosion. Grounding or other measures may be necessary to prevent this static buildup.

Electrocution

If a person is “frozen” to a live electrical contact, shut off the current immediately. If this is not possible, use boards, poles, or sticks made of dry wood or any other non-conducting materials and safely push or pull the person away from the contact. It is important to act quickly, but remember to protect yourself from electrocution.

A severe shock can cause considerably more damage than meets the eye. A victim may suffer internal hemorrhages and destruction of tissues, nerves, and muscles that aren’t readily visible. Renal (kidney) damage also can occur. If you or a coworker receives a severe shock, seek emergency medical help immediately.

OSHA’s How to avoid electrical hazards:

Use double-insulated tools and equipment.

Always turn off, unplug and ground any equipment being worked on.

Use tools and equipment according to manufacturer’s instructions included with their listing, labeling, or certification.

Visually inspect all electrical equipment before use. Remove from service any equipment with frayed cords, missing ground prongs, cracked tool casings, etc. Apply a warning tag to any defective tool and do not use it until the problem has been corrected.

Use only equipment that is approved to meet OSHA standards.

Do not modify cords or use them incorrectly.

Use factory-assembled cord sets.

Use only extension cords that are 3-wire type.

Use only extension cords that are marked with a designation code for hard or extra-hard usage.

Remove cords from receptacles by pulling on the plug and not the cord.


32

Continually audit/inspect cords on-site. Any cords found not to be marked for hard or extra-hard use, or which have been modified, must be taken out of service immediately.

Ground all power supply systems, electrical circuits, and electrical equipment.

Frequently inspect electrical systems to insure that the path to ground is continuous.

Visually inspect all electrical equipment before use. Take any defective equipment out of service.

Do not remove ground prongs from cord-and-plug-connected equipment or extension cords.

Ground all exposed metal parts of equipment. Additional information regarding specific electrical hazards or systems should be treated in laboratory standard operating procedures.

VIII. EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT

The mission of the Emergency Management Program at Brigham Young University is to assist

the University and its personnel in:

preventing, mitigating, preparing for, responding to, and recovery from all incidents, emergencies or disasters which may impact the University or its

personnel.

Overall Objectives

Preserve life. Protect property and processes. Return the University to normal following a disaster. Protect the environment.

Emergency Notification

BYU’s emergency notification system

To request emergency assistance on campus (fire, police, or ambulance), dial 2-2222 or 911 from any campus phone. Dial 801-422-2222 from any cell phone. 911 from a cell phone will get Provo, City or Utah County Dispatch.

In all emergencies and accidents the first consideration is your safety and the safety of those around you. For more detailed emergency procedures please refer to the College Emergency Procedure Guide.

All OSHA reportable fires, injuries, and spills need to be reported as soon as possible, even if they are minor and require no further action. Contact your faculty supervisor, Department Safety Coordinator, or College Safety Coordinator to report all incidents.

All non-student employee injuries (of any type) should be reported on the injury report form

(see ). All injuries to University or paid student employee’s should be reported using the


33

workers’ compensation injury form located on the Risk Management website. All injuries need

to be reported within 24 hours where possible.

Fire or Explosion

Remain Calm.

Quickly assess the size and nature of the fire. If the fire is beyond your own training in fighting fires GET OUT! If you have any doubts, GET OUT! Fighting a fire is voluntary and your personal safety in the situation is most important. Do not become part of the problem for emergency responders by needing to be rescued.

If the fire is small and does not involve a hazardous chemical then try to extinguish the fire with the correct type of extinguisher for the fire. Most labs in the Benson Building have ABC fire extinguishers which can be used for most laboratory fires. They are used for fires containing combustible materials like wood, paper, cardboard, and most plastics; flammable or combustible liquids like organic solvents, gasoline, grease, and oil; and on most electrical fires.

If the fire is not under reasonable control, pull the closest fire alarm box and exit the building.

Fire pull stations for the Benson Science Building are located near all building exits. Pull stations are only located on the first and basement levels. The basement level pull station is located in the central wing near the drinking fountain.

BNSN Exit Fire Alarm Pull

BNSN Basement Fire Alarm Pull

When you have left the building, dial 801-422-2222 or 911 from any on campus phone to alert BYU or Provo City police and fire. (Note: if 911 is dialed with a cell phone, Provo City dispatch will receive the call) Be prepared to provide the location, type, and size of the fire or explosion, as well as your location and phone number where you can be reached (not your lab phone, since you should not remain in the lab during a fire).

Evacuation

http://risk.byu.edu/insurance/secureIncidentReport.php


34

Persons in the lab will quickly cease all hazardous operations (e.g. turning off a Bunsen burner) and exit following the evacuation maps posted in the lab.

Evacuation is mandatory in the following cases:

The fire alarm sounds

An evacuation announcement is made

A university official orders you to evacuate

See Instructor Responsibilities for evacuations on the Chemistry and Biochemistry Department website. http://www.chem.byu.edu/node/10282

Faculty members are responsible for their students. Therefore, students must evacuate the building so faculty members can give the “all clear” to the designated emergency control officer that no students or employees are in the building.

In the event of a major emergency (e.g., earthquake, flood, or terrorist attack) students will be released to report to their local church ward, as appropriate.

Emergency Procedures

Emergencies can include fire, non-fire emergencies, toxic chemical spills, and terrorist acts like a bomb or shooter.

Fires are an "expected" emergency in all lab situations and all lab staff are to be trained on emergency steps in the event of a fire.

“Non-fire” emergencies can include electrical outages, equipment failure, or natural disasters. Laboratory shut down procedures should be followed to assure safety for emergency responders and to preserve property and any ongoing or critical experiments.

Toxic chemical spills are likely events in labs and should be handled with caution. Depending on the nature of the toxic chemical spill, the best course of action may be to evacuate the lab. Other labs in the area should be notified of the spill.

Acts of terrorism are becoming more prevalent today. These may include everything from a bomb threat to a shooter. Each should be taken seriously. For additional information see the link to the BYU Police website or the department’s links at: http://www.chem.byu.edu/faculty.

Laboratory Shutdown Procedures

If personal safety is not compromised, the following procedures may be attempted if appropriate:

Close fume hoods

Close any open containers

Power off any unnecessary equipment

Shut all doors

Medical Emergency Procedures

Call BYU dispatch 801-422-2222

Protect victim(s) from further harm

Provide first aid until assistance arrives

Laboratory security

Seismic safety

http://www.chem.byu.edu/node/10282

http://www.chem.byu.edu/faculty


35

Emergency Planning

BYU has created a complete emergency plan for the university. The plan follows the Federal

Emergency Management Administration’s (FEMA) disaster preparedness recommendations.

The FEMA Incident Command System (ICS) is implemented to manage a disaster.

BYU’s Emergency Plan can be viewed on the Risk Management website under the Emergency

Management tab.

http://risk.byu.edu/emergency/emergencyPlan.php

IX. ACCIDENT PROCEDURES

Student/Guest Incident Reporting

Supervisors are responsible to instruct their personnel to do the following when assisting in an accident involving a student or guest:

Assess the injury regarding the need for medical care.

If only minor care (first aid) is needed, dispense first aid kit supplies and record the incident on the first aid kit log.

If medical care and/or transportation of the individual is needed, contact University Police for assistance (particularly for accidents involving neck or back injuries).

Complete a BYU Accident Report for Students or Guests form. These report forms can be obtained from Risk Management’s website.

https://risk.byu.edu/insurance/secureIncidentReport.php

PERSONNEL SHOULD NOT ADMIT LIABILITY FOR THE UNIVERSITY FOR ANY INCIDENT.

Accident Investigation and Reporting

An accident resulting in an injury requiring medical attention is to be reported to the

PI/lab supervisor and Risk Management. Record information about the accident; who

was effected, location, time, details – chemical exposure name of chemical, biological

exposure – biological agent or blood, witnesses to the accident, time occurred, other

information which might assist with the investigation.

Occurrence Reporting

Incidents should be reported to the appropriate persons and in a timely manner. Lab workers

should report the incident to the laboratory PI, who will report it to Risk Management.

Incidents can be divided into many categories, see attached document regarding OSHA

reportable incidents.

http://risk.byu.edu/emergency/emergencyPlan.php

https://risk.byu.edu/insurance/secureIncidentReport.php


36

Chemical, Biological or Radioactive Spills

Alert all persons nearby.

If a chemical has spilled on you or splashed in your face/eyes use the emergency shower or eyewash station for at least 15 minutes. While rinsing, remove any contaminated clothing to minimize further exposure.

If you have spilled a small amount, know that the substance is of minimal hazard, and can clean it up, do so. Label and package according to the guidelines listed on Chemicals Management Regulated Waste Procedure website. Otherwise,

Evacuate the area and close the door to the laboratory facility. If flammables are spilled and your safety is assured, turn off any ignition devices.

Contact your faculty supervisor, Department Safety Coordinator, College Safety Coordinator. If after hours or on weekends, contact BYU Police at 801-422-2222 for advice and assistance or Provo City Police at 911. Be prepared to provide the identity, amount, and location of the spill, as well as your location and phone number where you can be reached (not your lab phone, since you should not remain in the lab after the spill).

If you have been potentially exposed to a Bloodborne Pathogen (see below), contact your faculty supervisor, Department Safety Coordinator, College Safety Coordinator and/ or RM&S immediately. Treatment should be started within 2 hours of the possible exposure. If during working hours, proceed directly to the BYU Student Health Center, if after hours go to UVRMC ER.

Exposure to a Bloodborne Pathogen

A Bloodborne pathogen is any microorganism that is present in human blood or other body fluids and can cause disease in humans. These pathogens include, but are not limited to, hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Any exposure to blood or other potentially infectious body fluids needs to be reported IMMEDIATELY, even if the presence of infectious materials on an item or surface is only suspected. Exposure can be from broken skin, eye, mucous membrane, needle sticks, human bites, cuts and abrasions.

All exposure incidents need to be treated as soon as possible. Prophylactic treatment, when indicated, is available for most diseases if started within 2 hours of the exposure. When possible the exposure device should be saved for further testing and documentation. When a source individual is identified, they should be asked to give consent to immediate testing and interview by a clinician to determine risk free of charge.

If a potential exposure happens:

Clean the wound, wash or flush the contaminated area thoroughly.

https://risk.byu.edu/environmental/procedures.php

https://risk.byu.edu/safety/safety_programs/BloodbornePathogens.php



37

Notify your faculty supervisor, Department Safety Coordinator, College Safety Coordinator immediately.

Proceed to Urgent Care at the Student Health Center from 8 AM to 5 PM Monday–Friday for evaluation and post-exposure follow-up. During night or weekends, go directly to the Utah Valley Regional Medical Center for evaluation and post-exposure follow-up.

Treatment costs are covered by the University for all injuries occurring while enrolled in a class or working as a student employee on campus. Do not let treatment costs prevent you from seeking care as some bloodborne pathogens cause life threatening illness.

The following information must be provided to your supervisor or safety coordinator: the route of exposure and how the exposure occurred and the identity of the source unless unknown or prohibited by law.

Laceration or Puncture Wounds

If you have been potentially exposed to a Bloodborne Pathogen, contact your faculty supervisor, Department Safety Coordinator, College Safety Coordinator and/or RM&S immediately. Treatment should be started within 2 hours of the possible exposure. If during working hours, proceed directly to the BYU Student Health Center; if after hours, go to UVRMC ER.

Any injury or bite from an animal needs to be treated by a medical professional. If you are injured while handling an animal:

Clean the wound, wash or flush the contaminated area thoroughly.

Notify your faculty supervisor, Department Safety Coordinator, College Safety Coordinator immediately.

Proceed to Urgent Care at the Student Health Center from 8 AM to 5 PM Monday–Friday for evaluation and post-exposure follow-up. During night or weekends, go directly to the Utah Valley Regional Medical Center for evaluation and post-exposure follow-up.

For lacerations and puncture wounds where no potential biological hazard is present:

Wash the affected area with mild soap and water for at least 5 minutes.

Use direct pressure to stop bleeding if needed.

Apply antibacterial ointment and a clean bandage that will not stick to the wound.

Inform your faculty supervisor, Department Safety Coordinator, College Safety Coordinator of the incident.

If stitches or further medical treatment is needed proceed directly to the BYU Student Health Center during work hours, or if after hours go to UVRMC ER.

X. LABORATORY ERGONOMICS

Ergonomics is fitting the work environment to the worker in order to maximize efficiency and minimize discomfort. The principles of laboratory ergonomics are covered in the BYU Ergonomics program and will not be discussed in this document. Refer to the BYU Ergonomics program on the Risk Management website:

http://risk.byu.edu/safety/safety_programs/Ergonomics.php


http://risk.byu.edu/safety/safety_programs/Ergonomics.php


38

XI. LAB GUESTS / VISITORS

This policy and the procedures adopted pursuant thereto cover access to laboratories by “Visitors,” which include the following categories of persons:

Persons who are neither paid nor permanent members of the BYU faculty nor other permanent full-time or part-time employees of BYU. It includes, for example, faculty visitors from other universities and research institutions; adjuncts; visitors from business organizations and governmental entities

Persons who volunteer their services in laboratories; and

Those employees or students at BYU, whose presence in a laboratory with hazardous materials or animals is not part of their normal employment at the University or a part of their supervised course work.

Due to the potential hazards and liability issues, other persons, in particular children under the age of 16 are not permitted in hazardous work areas, with the exception of University-sanctioned activities, e.g., tours, open houses, or other University related business as authorized by the Principal Investigator or laboratory supervisor. In these instances, all children under the age of 16 must be under careful and continuous supervision.

There are potential risks associated with allowing access to labs and equipment by visiting scientists. These risks include: theft or questions of ownership for intellectual property, bodily injury, and property damage. Colleges and departments should verify that all users of the lab have the required safety and health training prior to allowing access to the lab and/or specialized equipment. It is the PI’s responsibility to provide the appropriate training.

XII. HAZARDOUS WASTE DISPOSAL

Waste

Nearly everything we do leaves behind some kind of waste. Households create ordinary

garbage. Industrial and manufacturing processes create both solid waste and hazardous waste.

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulates all this waste under the Resource

Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). RCRA's goals are to: protect us from the hazards of

waste disposal; conserve energy and natural resources by recycling and recovery; reduce or

eliminate waste; and clean up waste which may have spilled, leaked, or been improperly

disposed of. Hazardous waste comes in many shapes and forms, from laboratory wastes to

used antifreeze to spent fluorescent bulbs. RCRA tightly regulates all hazardous waste from

cradle to grave. These regulations are found in the Code of Federal Regulations under 40 CFR

Parts 260 - 299.

Chemical waste collection

Within your work area, the following practices must be followed for proper management and collection of hazardous waste:

To determine if your unwanted materials pose a significant risk requiring management as hazardous waste, you must contact Environmental Management.


39

To determine if chemical deactivation or drain disposal is an option, you must contact Environmental Management.

Label containers of hazardous chemical wastes with the identity of the chemical(s) AND the words “Hazardous Waste”.

Keep all containers of hazardous chemical wastes closed at all times when they are not in use.

Store hazardous waste containers within the room in which they are generated in.

Recommended practices that should be followed: o Always maintain a neat and orderly workplace. o Use secondary containment bins or trays to store your chemical waste containers in. o Store your waste containers in a designated place.

Chemical Management personnel collect waste from laboratories. They can be contacted through the Risk Management website. All waste containers must be labeled appropriately. EPA regulations state that lids must be screwed on waste containers when waste is not being added or removed.

Chemical Waste

The following federal regulations apply to hazardous waste generated in laboratories. Any

violation of these regulations may result in significant fines and loss of federal grants.

No more than 55 gallons of waste may be stored in a laboratory. For acutely hazardous waste, this limit is reduced to one quart. Please contact Environmental Management if you have questions about whether your waste is acutely hazardous waste or not.

Full containers must be marked with the date on which it was filled and they must be removed from the laboratory within three days (not three business days).

The laboratory must be "under the control of the operator". This simply means that when nobody is in the lab the door must be locked.

Waste containers must be in good condition and compatible with the type of waste being stored in them. Leaking containers are not acceptable.

Containers must be closed at all times except when adding or removing waste. "Closed" means that no waste can evaporate out of the container and that no waste would spill if the container were to tip over.

The container must be labeled with a description of its contents. This description must be in English and must include the chemical name. Chemical structures and/or formulas are not appropriate substitutes for their names. All components of the waste must be listed.

Incompatible wastes must be kept segregated.

Training is required for anybody generating and handling hazardous waste. If you have not been trained on hazardous waste regulations, contact Environmental Management immediately. Environmental Management will provide training during a laboratory staff meeting or at any time that is convenient for you.

The following are additional rules for our convenience in disposing of your waste.

Please contact Environmental Management when the container is about to become full to request a pickup. Fill all waste containers to NO MORE than 90% capacity.

Do not put solid waste into liquid waste containers. For example, paper towels should be stored in a plastic bag or in a solid waste container; they should not be placed into a container for liquids.


40

Spill cleanups should be managed as hazardous waste. Place all of the contaminated items (paper towels, gloves, etc.) into a zip-lock bag. Label the bag with the material that was cleaned up and mark it with the date.

Do not use red biohazard bags for chemical waste. They are to be used for biohazardous material only. If you are not sure whether your waste is biohazardous please contact Environmental Management.

DO NOT GENERATE A MIXED WASTE. See section on mixed wastes below.

Biological Waste

General biohazardous waste in the lab is defined as waste contaminated or potentially contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms, sharps, and animal remains.

Liquids with Biological Contamination

Environmental Management will not dispose of liquid biohazardous waste. This waste may be autoclaved or disinfected with bleach and flushed down the drain. It is also recommended to disinfect the sink with additional bleach after disposing of biohazardous waste.

Urine and blood are not to be put into biological waste containers. If these fluids do not contain infectious agents, they may be discarded into the sanitary sewer. Sanitary sewer lines should be disinfected once per day or following disposal with a 1/10 dilution of household bleach. Fluids known to have infectious agents should be disinfected with an appropriate chemical disinfectant or autoclaved before disposal. The autoclaved liquid may then be discarded into the sanitary sewer.

Preserving solutions may not be flushed down the drain. The specimens must be removed from the solution and are disposed of as solid biological waste. The solution may then go to Environmental Management for hazardous waste disposal. See section on chemical waste.

Autoclaving o Infectious waste may be autoclaved and discarded to the regular trash. A log of each

autoclaved load must be maintained. A log should include information on the type of waste, operators name, temperature or pressure of the load, the date, and the duration of the cycle. Additionally, autoclaves must be checked once per week or once per load with a spore suspension or spore strip. After autoclaving, the waste should be placed in an opaque plastic bag or box and prominently marked as autoclaved waste. If the biohazard bag is still visible, the material is not properly packaged. E230 BNSN has an area designated for infectious waste.

Solids with Biological Contamination

http://risk.byu.edu/environmental/procedures.php#mixedwastes


41

Biohazardous waste must be packaged in either a red biohazard bag or a bag which is labeled as biohazardous and displays the international biohazard symbol.

In order to minimize our exposure to biohazards, we ask that bags of solid waste be closed and tied off before we pick them up.

Keep all sharp materials separate. We will not accept biohazard bags that contain glass, needles, or blades.

There may not be any liquids in the solid waste.

Low-risk biohazard agents may be autoclaved and disposed of as regular trash. Before discarding make sure that the red biohazard bag is not visible. Place the waste in either an opaque plastic bag or in a cardboard box before discarding to the dumpster. The landfill employees really do not like to see red biohazard bags!

If you do not have access to an autoclave, Environmental Management will accept your low-risk biohazard waste for disposal.

High-risk biohazard agents must be both autoclaved and received by Environmental Management.

Animal remains or specimens that are not preserved must be frozen. Environmental Management will only pick up frozen waste.

"Sharps" include all needles and blades and must always be managed as biohazardous, even if they were only used with chemicals. They must be placed in an appropriate sharps container. Do not over-fill the container; it must be closed before we will pick it up. Broken glass may be managed as "sharps", but technically it does not have to be. See the section on glass below.

DO NOT GENERATE ANY MIXED WASTE. See section on mixed waste below.

Glass

Some empty bottles, such as those that contained acutely hazardous materials must be managed as hazardous waste. However, most glass waste may be disposed of as regular trash. An empty container, defined as having less than 3% of the original volume, can be discarded into the normal trash. Do not ever put glass (especially broken glass) into the regular waste containers. This has caused accidents where custodians have cut themselves while removing waste. Attach a label to the box or bucket which informs the custodians to place the container directly into the dumpster.

Paper and Plastic

Most paper and plastic waste generated in the laboratory may be disposed of in the regular waste containers. In some cases, such as spill cleanups or contamination with very hazardous materials, it may become necessary to dispose of paper and plastic as hazardous waste. In such cases, do not place these materials into containers of liquid hazardous waste. They may be collected in containers designated for solids debris only.

Mixed Waste

For our purposes, mixed waste is considered any waste that is:

Hazardous and Radioactive

Hazardous and Biohazardous

Radioactive and Biohazardous

http://risk.byu.edu/environmental/procedures.php#glass

http://risk.byu.edu/environmental/procedures.php#mixedwastes


42

Disposal of these wastes is extremely difficult and costly. THIS TYPE OF WASTE MUST BE

APPROVED WITH ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT BEFORE ANY WASTE IS GENERATED. Laboratories generating mixed wastes will be responsible to pay for their disposal.

Other

Environmental Management also collects and recycles the following miscellaneous wastes:

Batteries

Oil-bearing devices (such as transformers)

Circuit boards

Aerosol cans (empty or full)

Please detach these items from equipment that is to be discarded and contact Environmental

Management for their disposal. There are other regulated wastes generated on campus that are

typically managed by other entities (physical facilities, custodians, etc.) These wastes include

computers and monitors, fluorescent lights, electronic ballasts, and others. Be aware that if

your lab does generate any of these items for waste, they may not be discarded in the trash.

XIII. LABORATORY SAFETY EQUIPMENT

Emergency equipment must not be blocked by anything that would prevent the immediate use of the equipment. It is each individual’s responsibility to know where all emergency equipment and exits are located in their laboratory area.

Emergency Showers, Drench Hoses and Eye Wash Stations

Use in an emergency to flush chemicals which have accidentally come in contact with laboratory personnel. Drench hoses and eye wash stations are for use with minor splashes to the face or body. Safety showers should be used when a major chemical splash occurs. Treatment of splashes to the eye and face is immediate flushing with copious amounts of water for 15 minutes. Personnel should not be hesitant to use safety shower and eyewash stations simply because there are no floor drains. We will deal with the water after the emergency has been resolved.

Fire Extinguishers

Fire extinguishers have been strategically placed in or just outside laboratories depending on the hazards. Visit the fire extinguisher section of the RM&S website for additional complete information. When operating a fire extinguisher, remember P.A.S.S. – Pull (the pin), Aim (the nozzle at the base of the fire), Squeeze (the trigger), and Sweep (across the base of the fire).

https://risk.byu.edu/safety/safety_programs/FireExtinguisher.php


43

First Aid Kits

Kits should be available in each laboratory. The kit should contain disposable gloves, Band-Aids, gauze bandages, gauze pads, and ice packs. These kits should not have topical creams, liquids, or ointments that could be contaminated with hazardous materials. Kits should also contain first aid items for laboratory specific hazards such as calcium gluconate for hydrofluoric acid exposure on the skin.

Laboratory Hazard Signs, Door Postings, and Other Signs

All laboratories should have a laboratory safety information sign on or by the door exterior, facing the corridor. The sign provides emergency response personnel information about the potential hazards in the laboratory. The card should identify hazards within the facility and the responsible faculty member. To update or create a lab sign, please visit the Hazard Sign Request section of the RM&S website. https://risk.byu.edu/apps/lab_sign/

Special placards must also be placed in locations for radioactivity, laser light and magnetic field hazards.

Mechanical Pipetting Aids

Always use appropriate pipetting devices. Mouth pipetting is prohibited.

Sharps Containers and Glass Boxes

All needles and syringes, razor blades and other sharp items need to be disposed of in a sharps container. Glass-only boxes are used for disposal of non-contaminated broken glass. When the box is full securely close the box and mark for disposal by custodial personnel. Sharps containers should be sealed and replaced when 2/3 full to prevent overfilling. Do not overfill sharps containers. Sealed sharps containers can be picked up by Environmental Management for disposal.

XIV. LABORATORY ACCESS AND SECURITY

Outside door access is available “after hours” if needed for all the Chemistry and Biochemistry Department labs. Each laboratory is equipped with card readers on some exterior doors. You must have your ID card encoded so that you may enter the building after hours. Contact your department secretary for more information on obtaining after-hours access. Each person

https://risk.byu.edu/apps/lab_sign/




44

entering a building when it is locked should swipe his or her own card. Do not give your ID card to another person to access the building. When buildings are locked, outside doors should not be propped open.

Property Loss

The Risk Management and Safety Department handles property loss for BYU in conjunction with the Church Risk Management Department's self‐insurance program.

Colleges/departments should submit a written, detailed report of any loss of or damage to University property over $100 to the Risk Management and Safety Department within one week. This report should contain information concerning the initial purchase and replacement information and costs. EXCEPTION: All incidents involving loss greater than $5,000 should be reported immediately BY TELEPHONE, then by MEMO. Reimbursement is made on a replacement‐cost basis.

All required documentation must be submitted within one year. Claims for property losses submitted beyond one year after the date of the loss are considered expired and will not be paid.

Upgrading costs will not be borne by Risk Management.

If the loss is due to carelessness on the part of the department or BYU personnel, the department may be assessed $100 when the loss is less than $500. If the loss is greater than $500, the assessment will be $200. If the loss is due to willful negligence, the assessments will be $200 and $300, respectively. Losses due to other causes will be reimbursed without any cost to the department.

Reimbursement of money, bonds, stocks, jewels, precious metals, and other like items will only be reimbursed if approved by the Property Reimbursement Exceptions Committee.

BYU will only pay for damage to the personal property of University personnel, students, and visitors, etc., when BYU is responsible for causing the damages or when one of the following applies:

The property of BYU personnel is damaged during the course and within the scope of employment and is used with the knowledge and approval of the supervisor or department chair, dean or director.

OR

The property of others is damaged during the course and scope of an officially approved activity or during activity‐related transport in a University or University‐rented vehicle, and used with the knowledge and approval of the director of the activity AND APPROVED BY RISK MANAGEMENT AND SAFETY PRIOR TO THE ACTIVITY.

In addition to the above, BYU will only pay for damage to the personal property of University personnel, students, and visitors, etc., when ALL of the following apply:

Coverage is secondary to all other collectible insurance such as renters and homeowner's.

The owner of the property must have exercised reasonable care to protect the property before and after any loss.

The property loss must be reported to Risk Management and Safety within 30 days.


45

Valuation will be at the actual cash (used) value of the property rather than what it would cost to replace it with a brand new item. Otherwise, coverage is based on the same coverage as BYU property. Personal property used primarily for the pleasure, entertainment or convenience of personnel will not be covered by the University. Items that are typically worn, such as clothing, watches, eye wear, engagement and wedding rings, are generally not covered.

XV. LOCKOUT/TAGOUT AND VERIFICATION

This standard covers the servicing and maintenance of machines and equipment in which the unexpected startup of the machines or equipment, or release of stored energy could cause injury to employees. This standard establishes minimum performance requirements for the control of such hazardous energy.

Supervisors must comply with state and federal safety regulations for lockout/tagout procedures. See the Risk Management and Safety Department code manual for specific lockout/tag out procedures. Visit route Y for appropriate online LOTO training.

Electrically powered equipment must have a lockout control on the switch or an electrical switch, mechanical clutch or other positive shut-off device mounted directly on the equipment. Circuit interruption devices on an electric motor, such as circuit breakers or overload protection, must require manual reset to restart the motor.

XVI. OFF-SITE FIELD RESEARCH SAFETY

Field research conducted away from campus has a variety of safety concerns. Some of the

same principles described here for laboratory safety may be applicable to field research.

Additional safety training may be needed to address specific areas. The PI will decide if there is

a need for additional awareness and training.

Training which may be needed:

Van Driver Training

ATV Safety Training

Bear Safety

Boat Safety

Heat Stress and UV Awareness

Rock Climbing Safety Training

Specific PPE for Field Research

For questions regarding off-site safety training and instructions on submitting university

liability contact Risk Management for assistance.

XVII. PRESSURE SAFETY AND CRYOGENICS

Many laboratories use pressurized cylinders and air line s for analytical equipment or research purposes. Air under pressure is a hazardous material. If directed toward the skin severe tissue damage could occur. Never direct air under pressure toward yourself or anyone unless the


46

airline has a safety nozzle that restricts air pressure below 30 psi. Pressurized air directed toward an object can create projectiles that could strike a person.

High pressure air lines must be pressured rated and adequate for the intended pressure level. Air regulators are required on all high pressure cylinders and air lines. The regulator must be designed to with stand the maximum available pressure from the source and have a failsafe pressure relieving control that will release pressure if it exceeds the maximum pressure of the system. No valve shall be placed between the air receiver and the safety valves. A pressure indicating gauge that is readily visible is required to indicate the pressure delivered from receiver. All high pressure lines must have a safety relief valve that limits air pressure delivered from exceeding 10% over the maximum allowable working pressure for the system. All high pressure air lines should be routinely inspected for cracking, damage and excessive ware. Do not try and fix a high pressure airline. Replace it with a certified new pressure rated air line. Be cautious of where and how the high pressure air line is being used.

High pressure connections should be leak tested. A leak test solution is often used for this purpose. Ordinary soap solutions may contain oils that are unsafe when used with oxygen cylinders. Leak detection liquids are available from laboratory supply houses.

Cryogenic liquids and gases or materials kept in a subzero freezer require special precautions

when handling or working with these materials. Specific PPE is require d to handle these

material including special gloves rated for cold temperatures, face shields, smocks or lab coats

are required PPE to handle cryogenic materials. Cryogenic gases will pressurize their

containment vessels when heated even at or near ambient temperatures. Consideration should

be made of the type of container and the length of exposure. Cryogenic dewers should be used

to transport liquid nitrogen or liquid oxygen. Dry ice should be transported in a Styrofoam

container.

See Attachment #9 for a safety checklist on high pressure cylinders.

XVIII. RADIATION SAFETY

Radiation Safety applies to all BYU employees or students who work with ionizing radiation,

which includes the use of radioactive isotopes and radiation generating equipment. The BYU

Radiation Safety Program covers this topic and will not be discussed in this document. The

Radiation Safety Officer is responsible for training of all employees that use radioactive

chemicals and oversees the authorization process for its use. For details call Risk Management

at 422-4468 or refer to the BYU Radiation Safety Program on the Risk Management website:

http://risk.byu.edu/safety/safety_programs/Radiation.php

http://risk.byu.edu/safety/safety_programs/Radiation.php


47

XIX. NON-IONIZING RADIATION SAFETY

Non-ionizing radiation refers to any type of electromagnetic radiation that does not carry

enough energy to ionize atoms or molecules. The Chemistry Department at BYU has the

following sources of non-ionizing radiation which have a variety of health risks:

Lasers

Ultraviolet

EMF

White light

Radio frequency

Microwaves

Magnetic fields

Near infrared and infrared

The BYU Laser Safety program covers the topics associated with lasers and will not be

discussed in this document. Refer to the BYU Laser Safety program found on the Risk

Management website:

http://risk.byu.edu/safety/safety_programs/LaserPPE.php

Other sources of non-ionizing radiation will be individually evaluated for hazards. Safety

measures will be implemented from the identified hazards.

XX. REFERENCES

1. NFPA standards

2. OSHA compliance standard

Laboratory Standard; 1910.1450

http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=10106

3. ANSI standards

4. Prudent Practices in the Laboratory (2011)

5. BYU Programs

Bloodborne Pathogens

Ergonomics

Radiation Safety

Laser Safety

PPE Program

6. Handbook of Chemicals Health and Safety; Robert J. Alaimo, Editor, 2001 Oxford Press

7. Safety in Academic Chemistry Laboratories; Volumes 1 and 2

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy

http://risk.byu.edu/safety/safety_programs/LaserPPE.php




48

XXI. ATTACHMENTS

Attachment #1 – Safety Review Checklist

Attachment #2 - CHEM 201/601, SAFE CHEMICAL PRACTICES SYLLABUS

Attachment #3 - Incompatible And Reactive Chemical Hazards

Attachment #4 - Highly Reactive Chemicals

Attachment #5 - LIST OF SHOCK SENSITIVE CHEMICALS

Attachment #6 - Flow Chart Hazard Chemical Identification

Attachment #7 - Carcinogenic / Teratogen Chemicals/ Reproductive Hazards

Attachment #8a – BYU Training Attendance Form

Attachment #9 - Safety Checklist For Compressed Gases In Cylinders Or Portable

Tanks

Attachment #10 - Broken Glass Warning Label

Attachment #11 - Restricted Chemicals And Prior Approval

Attachment #12 – RM Laboratory Inspection

Attachment #13 – Understanding an MSDS

—Back to top—


49

ATTACHMENT #1 - SAFETY REVIEW CHECKLIST

This form is available at:

http://chem.byu.edu/sites/default/files/file/Faculty%20&%20Staff/Forms/Annual%20Safety%20Review%20Checklis

t.pdf

Laboratory Safety Review Checklist

Faculty Member Building Room Date

General Safety YES NO COMMENTS

Training given to all new laboratory workers

Door Placards up to date and accurate

Emergency Procedures clearly posted

Emergency phone numbers and names clearly posted

First aid kit present in visible, marked location

Eye protection used, goggles for working with chemicals

Gloves worn where required, not outside of laboratory

Eyewash and safety shower are working and accessible

MSDS’s, SOP’s and Safety Plan CHP on hand in each group

Individuals do not work alone

No food or beverages in lab or refrigerator

HOUSEKEEPING YES NO COMMENTS

Aisles are free of tripping hazards-cords, tubing, open drawers, stored chemicals

Floor free from water spils, chemical spills, anything that would make the floor slick

Fume hoods not used to store chemicals or equipment

No children or other unauthorized persons

Sharps in approved sharps containers-needles, razorblades, bottles, broken glass

Emergency equipment has 18” radius of clearance

Work areas clean and un cluttered

CHEMICAL STORAGE YES NO COMMENTS

Incompatible chemicals not stored together

Laboratory workers no stockpiling chemicals

Radioactive and controlled substances properly secured

Heavy items not stored above shoulder height

Adequate storage so that chemicals are not crowded on shelves, floor, benches, or desk

http://chem.byu.edu/sites/default/files/file/Faculty%20&%20Staff/Forms/Annual%20Safety%20Review%20Checklist.pdf

http://chem.byu.edu/sites/default/files/file/Faculty%20&%20Staff/Forms/Annual%20Safety%20Review%20Checklist.pdf


50

All chemicals labeled with full name, hazard, date, name of responsible person

Labels are primary, not labels over old labels

Empty chemical bottles carefully disposed of

Flammables in disparked refrigerators only or flammable cabinet/10gal limit lab use

Corrosive/reactive stored below shoulder height

Chemical waste containers capped when not in use

FUME HOODS YES NO COMMENTS

Fume hoods draw adequate air/inspection tag in place

Sash operates smoothly

Adequate lighting

Hoods are CLOSED when not in use

FIRE SAFETY YES NO COMMENTS

Extinguishers near exits are clearly marked

No frayed or damaged electrical cords/electrical equipment unplugged when not in use

Exits unobstructed and unlocked

Lab doors not propped open

Open flames avoided where flammables are in use/heat sources in good repair

Extinguishers inspected within last year

No storage with in 18” of ceiling

GAS CYLINDERS YES NO COMMENTS

Cylinders securely fastened to wall with two restraints

Cylinders capped when not in use

No cylinder on wheeled carts or tables

HOUSE VACUUM YES NO COMMENTS

Laboratory workers instructed on correct use of the house vacuum

Laboratory equipment using vacuum equipped with traps

Dry ice or liquid nitrogen traps employed for all vacuum work

Signature__________________________________________


51

Lab Hazard Analysis

The Lab Hazards Analysis (LHA) provides a documented mechanism to answer the question “How do I know that I’m doing my job safely?” Job Hazards Analysis addresses the five core functions of Safety Management namely: 1. Plan the work by describing the work tasks to be performed. 2. Analyze the hazards of the work. 3. Determine the controls necessary to safely perform the work. 4. Perform the Work utilizing the prescribed Controls. 5. Provide feedback and continuous improvement to enhance safety by periodically reviewing the LHA.

Questions to address Response

What can go wrong?

What are the consequences?

How could it arise?

What are other contributing factors?

How likely is it that the hazard will occur?

Other questions to address

Where is it happening? (environment)

Who or what it is happening to? (exposure)

What precipitates the hazard? (trigger),

What is the outcome that would occur

should it happen? (consequence)

Are there other contributing factors?

List Control Measures

Create an SOP

Resources:

1) Safety/CHP Plan and Attachments 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7.

2) Risk Management (2-4468)

3) Laboratory Safety Guidance: OSHA.gov

http://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHA3404laboratory-safety-guidance.pdf

4) CAMEO chemical reactivity and safety information.

http://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/

5) Prudent Practices in the Laboratory;

Chapter 4; Evaluating Hazards and Assessing Risks in the Laboratory http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=12654&page=45

Signature__________________________________________

—Back to top—

http://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHA3404laboratory-safety-guidance.pdf

http://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/

http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=12654&page=45


52

ATTACHMENT #2 - CHEM 201/601, SAFE CHEMICAL PRACTICES SYLLABUS

Instructor Jim Workman/Steve McLean Risk Management Office: 240 FB Phone: 422-4468 Email: [email protected]

Office Hours Anytime. Come to my office or schedule an appointment with my secretary at the phone and location listed above.

Course Description This course will teach the fundamental principles of chemical and laboratory safety.

Course Goals By the end of the course students will be able to:

understand local and federal laws governing laboratory safety and environmental protection and follow proper laboratory chemical safety procedures,

execute proper laboratory waste disposal methods,

select appropriate protective equipment, and

use standard laboratory safety equipment.

Exams There will be a midterm and final exam. Both will be taken online at https://risk.byu.edu/courses/

Midterm

Final

Reading Material/Homework Each topic will have reading material posted at the website listed above. Homework will be assigned each week and can be completed by logging on to the website and following the instructions.

Attendance Attendance is mandatory (25% of your grade).

Grading

Attendance 25% (7 Lectures)

Midterm Exam 25% (Sep 25)

Homework 25% (6 Assignments)

Final Exam 25% (Oct 16-23)

Lecture Schedule

Lecture 1 OSHA Laboratory Standard and EPA Regulations

Lecture 2 Chemical Hazards and Chemical Compatibility

Lecture 3 Personal Protective Equipment Activity: Respiratory Equipment

Lecture 4 Laboratory Accidents Activity: Mercury Spill, “Pillar of Fire”

Lecture 5 Fire Safety Activity: Pull the Pin – Fire Extinguisher Exercise

Lecture 6 Laboratory Waste Activity: Hazardous Waste Officer Visit

Lecture 7 Biological and Radioactive Chemical Safety Activity: Radionuclide Exercise

—Back to top—


53

ATTACHMENT #3 - INCOMPATIBLE AND REACTIVE CHEMICAL HAZARDS

The following table is another resource for determining chemical incompatibilities. Like the

preceding matrix, this is not exhaustive. Therefore, use sources such as MSDSs to determine

chemical incompatibility. The container's label should also provide storage guidelines.

CHEMICAL KEEP OUT OF CONTACT WITH

Acetic acid Chromic acid, nitric acid, hydroxyl compounds, ethylene glycol, perchloric acid,

peroxides, permanganates and other oxidizers

Acetone Concentrated nitric and sulfuric acid mixtures, and strong bases

Acetylene Chlorine, bromine, copper, fluorine, silver, mercury

Alkali metals Water, carbon tetrachloride or other chlorinated hydrocarbons, carbon dioxide, the

halogens

Ammonia, anhydrous Mercury, chlorine, calcium hypochlorite, iodine, bromine, hydrofluoric acid

Ammonium nitrate Acids, metal powders, flammable liquids, chlorates, nitrites, sulfur, finely divided

organic or combustible materials

Aniline Nitric acid, hydrogen peroxide

Arsenic materials Any reducing agent

Azides Acids

Bromine Same as chlorine

Calcium oxide Water

Carbon (activated) Calcium hypochlorite, all oxidizing agents

Carbon tetrachloride Sodium

Chlorates Ammonium salts, acids, metal powders, sulfur, finely divided organic or combustible

materials

Chromic acid and chromium trioxide Acetic acid, naphthalene, camphor, glycerol, glycerin, turpentine, alcohol, flammable

liquids in general

Chlorine Ammonia, acetylene, butadiene, butane, methane, propane (or other petroleum gases),

hydrogen, sodium carbide, turpentine, benzene, finely divided metals

Chlorine dioxide Ammonia, methane, phosphine, hydrogen sulfide

Copper Acetylene, hydrogen peroxide

Cumene hydroperoxide Acids, organic or inorganic

Cyanides Acids

Flammable liquids Ammonium nitrate, chromic acid, hydrogen peroxide, nitric acid, sodium peroxide,

halogens

Hydrocarbons Fluorine, chlorine, bromine, chromic acid, sodium peroxide

Hydrocyanic acid Nitric acid, alkali

Hydrofluoric acid Ammonia, aqueous or anhydrous, bases and silica

Hydrogen peroxide Copper, chromium, iron, most metals or their salts, alcohols, acetone, organic materials,

aniline, nitromethane, flammable liquids

Hydrogen sulfide Fuming nitric acid, other acids, oxidizing gases, acetylene, ammonia (aqueous or

anhydrous), hydrogen

Hypochlorites Acids, activated carbon

Iodine Acetylene, ammonia (aqueous or anhydrous), hydrogen

Mercury Acetylene, fulminic acid, ammonia

http://www.lbl.gov/ehs/chsp/html/msds.shtml


54

Nitrates Sulfuric acid

Nitric acid (concentrated) Acetic acid, aniline, chromic acid, hydrocyanic acid, hydrogen sulfide, flammable

liquids, flammable gases, copper, brass, any heavy metals

Nitrites Acids

Nitroparaffins Inorganic bases, amines

Oxalic acid Silver, mercury

Oxygen Oils, grease, hydrogen; flammable liquids, solids, or gases

Perchloric acid Acetic anhydride, bismuth and its alloys, alcohol, paper, wood, grease, and oils

Peroxides, organic Acids (organic or mineral), avoid friction, store cold

Phosphorus (white) Air, oxygen, alkalis, reducing agents

Potassium Carbon tetrachloride, carbon dioxide, water

Potassium chlorate and perchlorate Sulfuric and other acids

Potassium permanganate Glycerin, ethylene glycol, benzaldehyde, sulfuric acid

Selenides Reducing agents

Silver Acetylene, oxalic acid, tartaric acid, ammonium compounds, fulminic acid

Sodium Carbon tetrachloride, carbon dioxide, water

Sodium nitrite Ammonium nitrate and other ammonium salts

Sodium peroxide Ethyl or methyl alcohol, glacial acetic acid, acetic anhydride, benzaldehyde, carbon

disulfide, glycerin, ethylene glycol, ethyl acetate, methyl acetate, furfural

Sulfides Acids

Sulfuric Acid Potassium chlorate, potassium perchlorate, potassium permanganate (or compounds with

similar light metals, such as sodium, lithium, etc.)

Tellurides Reducing agents

INCOMPATIBLE CHEMICALS CHART

Acids, inorganic

Acids, oxidizing

Acids, organic

Alkalis (bases)

Oxidizers Poisons, inorganic

Poisons, organic

Water- reactives

Organic solvents

Acids, inorganic

X X

X X X X

Acids, oxidizing

X X

X X X X

Acids, organic

X X

X X X X X

Alkalis (bases)

X X X

X X X

Oxidizers

X

X X X

Poisons, inorganic

X X X

X X X

Poisons, organic

X X X X X X

Water- reactives

X X X X X X

Organic solvents

X X

X X X

(x-incompatible combination)

—Back to top—


55

ATTACHMENT #4 - Highly Reactive Chemicals

The combination of certain compounds or classes of compounds can result in a violent chemical reaction leading to an explosion or fire. Other compounds pose explosion or fire hazards when exposed to heat, shock, or other conditions. Listed below are some of the specific compounds and combinations of compounds that may pose explosion or fire hazards, which may be encountered in laboratories. This list is not intended to be complete, but may help labs create specific SOP’s for the work they perform.

Acetylenic compounds are explosive in mixtures of 2.5-8.0% with air. At pressures of 2 or more atmospheres, acetylene subjected to an electrical discharge or high temperature can decompose explosively. Dry acetylides can detonate on receiving a slight shock. Many heavy metal acetylides are sensitive explosives.

Aluminum chloride should be considered a potentially dangerous material. If moisture is present, there may be sufficient decomposition (generating HCL) to build up considerable pressure. If a bottle is to be opened after long standing, it should be completely enclosed in a heavy towel.

Ammonia reacts with iodine forming nitrogen triiodide, which is explosive, and with hypochlorites to give chlorine. Mixtures of ammonia and organic halides sometimes react violently when heated under pressure.

Dry benzoyl peroxide is easily ignited and sensitive to shock and may decompose spontaneously at temperatures above 50o C. It is reported to be desensitized by addition of 20 % water.

Carbon disulfide is very toxic and very flammable; mixed with air, its vapors can be ignited by a steam bath or pipe, a hot plate, or a glowing light bulb.

Chlorine may react violently with hydrogen or with hydrocarbons when exposed to sunlight.

Diazomethane and related compounds should be treated with extreme caution. They are very toxic (potent carcinogens), and the pure gases and liquids explode readily. Solutions in ether are safer from this standpoint.

Dimethyl sulfoxide decomposes violently on contact with a wide variety of active halogen compounds. Explosions from contact with active metal hydrides have been reported.

Diethyl, diisopropyl, and other ethers (particularly the branched-chain type) sometimes explode during heating or refluxing because of the presence of peroxides. Ferrous salts or sodium bisulfite can be used to decompose these peroxides, and passage over basic active alumina will remove most of the peroxidic material. In general, however, old samples of ethers should be carefully and properly disposed of.

Ethylene oxide has been known to explode when heated in a closed vessel. Experiments using ethylene oxide under pressure should be carried out behind suitable barricades.

Halogenated compounds such as chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, and other halogenated solvents should not be dried with sodium, potassium, or other active metals; violent explosions are usually the result of such attempts.

Hydrogen peroxide stronger than 3% can be dangerous; in contact with the skin, it may cause severe burns. Thirty percent hydrogen peroxide may decompose violently if contaminated with iron, copper, chromium, or other metals or their salts.


56

Liquid-nitrogen cooled traps open to the atmosphere rapidly condense liquid air. Then, when the coolant is removed, an explosive pressure buildup occurs, usually with enough force to shatter glass equipment. Hence, only sealed or evacuated equipment should be used.

Lithium aluminum hydride should not be used to dry methyl ethers of tetrahydrofuran; fires from this are very common. The products of its reaction with carbon dioxide have been reported to be explosive. Carbon dioxide or bicarbonate extinguishers should not be used against lithium aluminum hydride fires, which should be smothered with sand or some other inert substance.

Oxygen tanks: Serious explosions have resulted from contact between oil and high-pressure oxygen. Oil should not be used on connections to an oxygen cylinder.

Ozone is a highly reactive and toxic gas. It is formed by the action of ultraviolet light on oxygen (air) and, therefore, certain ultraviolet source may require venting to the exhaust hood. Liquid and solid ozone are explosive substances.

Palladium or platinum on carbon, platinum oxide, Raney nickel, and other catalysts should be filtered from catalytic hydrogenation reaction mixtures carefully. The recovered catalyst is usually saturated with hydrogen and highly reactive and, thus, will inflame spontaneously on exposure to air. Particularly in large-scale reactions, the filter cake should not be allowed to become dry. The funnel containing the still-moist catalyst filter cake should be put into a water bath immediately after completion of the filtration. Another hazard in working with such catalysts is the danger of explosion if additional catalyst is added to a flask in which hydrogen is present.

Parr bombs used for hydrogenations have been known to explode. They should be handled with care behind shields, and the operator should wear goggles.

Perchlorates: The use of perchlorates should be avoided whenever possible. Perchlorates should not be used as drying agents if there is a possibility of contact with organic compounds, or in proximity to a dehydrating acid strong enough to concentrate the perchloric acid to more than 70% strength (e.g., in a drying train that has a bubble counter containing sulfuric acid). Seventy percent perchloric acid can be boiled safely at approximately 200o C, but contact of the boiling undiluted acid or the hot vapor with organic matter, or even easily oxidized inorganic matter (such as compounds of trivalent antimony), will lead to serious explosions. Oxidizable substances must never be allowed to contact perchloric acid. Beaker tongs, rather than rubber gloves, should be used when handling fuming perchloric acid. Perchloric acid evaporations should be done in a hood with adequate airflow and a built-in water spray for the ductwork behind the baffle. Frequent (weekly) washing out of the hood and ventilator ducts with water is necessary to avoid spontaneous combustion or explosion if this acid is in common use.

Permanganates are explosive when treated with sulfuric acid. When both compounds are used in an absorption train, an empty trap should be placed between them.

Peroxides (inorganic): When mixed with combustible materials, barium, sodium, and potassium peroxides form explosives that ignite easily.

Phosphorus (red and white) forms explosive mixtures with oxidizing agents. White P should be stored under water because it is spontaneously flammable in air. The reaction of P with aqueous hydroxides gives phosphine, which may ignite spontaneously in air or explode.

Phosphorus trichloride reacts with water to form phosphorous acid, which decomposes on heating to form phosphine, which may ignite spontaneously or explode. Care should be


57

taken in opening containers of phosphorous trichloride, and samples that have been exposed to moisture should not be heated without adequate shielding to protect the operator.

Potassium is in general more reactive than sodium; it ignites quickly on exposure to humid air and, therefore, should be handled under the surface of a hydrocarbon solvent such as mineral oil or toluene. Oxidized coatings should be carefully scraped away before cutting the metal (explosions can otherwise occur).

Residues from vacuum distillations have been known to explode when the still was vented to the air before the residue was cool. Such explosions can be avoided by venting the still pot with nitrogen, by cooling it before venting, or by restoring the pressure slowly.

Sodium should be stored in a closed container under kerosene, toluene, or mineral oil.

Scraps of Na or K should be destroyed by reaction with n-butyl alcohol. Contact with water should be avoided because Na reacts with water to form hydrogen with evolution of sufficient heat to cause ignition. Carbon dioxide, bicarbonate, and carbon tetrachloride fire extinguishers should not be used on alkali metal fires.

—Back to top—


58

ATTACHMENT #5 - LIST OF SHOCK SENSITIVE CHEMICALS

Shock sensitivity is a comparative measure of the sensitivity to sudden compression (by impact

or blast) of an explosive chemical compound. Determination of the shock sensitivity of a

material intended for practical use is one important aspect of safety testing of explosives. A

variety of tests and indices are in use, of which one of the more common is the Rotter Impact

Test with results expressed as FOL, which is an inverse scale measuring the impact sensitivity of

an explosive substance. At least four other impact tests are in common use, while various "gap

tests" are used to measure sensitivity to blast shock. When some chemicals are exposed to air,

they form explosive peroxides that are shock sensitive, pressure sensitive, or heat sensitive and

may explode when subject to shock or friction. Many are so sensitive that the mere scraping of a

spatula on the side of the container is sufficient to initiate an explosion. Therefore users must

have appropriate laboratory equipment, information, knowledge and training to use these

compounds safely.

These types of chemicals should be kept to a minimum by maintaining proper inventory

consistent with the rate of use. Inventory control is also important in order to dispose of

chemicals that tend to form unstable materials with age, such as ethers, or materials that

become dangerous when they become dehydrated, such as perchloric and picric acids. Shock-

sensitive materials should be stored in a cool, dry area, protected from heat and shock. During

storage, the materials should be segregated from incompatible materials including flammables

and corrosives. Materials that are used specifically because of their explosive properties should

be treated as an explosive of the appropriate class and kept in a magazine or the equivalent.

Below is a list of common shock sensitive chemicals

Acetylides of heavy metals Fulminate of silver

Aluminum ophorite explosive Fulminating gold

Amatol explosive (sodium amatol) Fulminating mercury

Ammonal Fulminating silver

Ammonium nitrate Fulminating platinum

Ammonium perchlorate Gelatinized nitrocellulose

Ammonium picrate Guanyl nitrosamino guanyl tetrazene

Ammonium salt lattice Guanyl nitrosamino guanylide hydrazine

Calcium nitrate Heavy metal azides

Copper Acetylide Hexanite

Cyanuric triazide Hexanitrodiphenylamine

Cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine Hexanitrostilbene

Cyclotetramethylenetranitramine Hexogen (Cylclotrimethylenetrinitramine)

Dinitroethyleneurea Hydrazoic acid

Dinitroglycerine Lead azide

Dinitrophenol Lead mannite

Dinitrophenolates Lead picrate

Dinitrophenyl hydrazine Lead salts

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Explosive

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_compound

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safety_testing_of_explosives


59

Dinitroresorcinol Lead styphnate

Dinitrotoluene Magnesium ophorite

Dipicryl sulfone Mannitol hexanitrate

Dipicrylamine Mercury oxalate

Erythritol tetranitrate Mercury tartrate

Fulminate of mercury Mononitrotoluene

Nitrated carbohydrate Silver styphnate

Nitrated glucoside Silver tetrazene

Nitrated polyhydric alcohol Sodatol

Nitrogen trichloride Sodium amatol

Nitrogen triiodide Sodium dinitro-ortho-cresolate

Nitroglycerin Sodium nitrate-potassium nitrate explosive mixtures

Nitroglycol Sodium picramate

Nitroguanidine Styphnic acid

Nitroparaffins Tetrazene (guanyl nitrosamino guanyl tetrazene)

Nitromethane Tetranitrocarbazole

Nitronium perchlorate Tetrytol

Nitrourea Trimethylolethane

Organic amine nitrates Trimonite

Organic nitramines Trinitroanisole

Organic peroxides Trinitrobenzene

Picramic acid Trinitrobenzoic acid

Picramide Trinitrocresol

Picratol explosive (ammonium picrate) Trinitro-meta-cresol

Picric acid Trinitronaphthalene

Picryl chloride Trinitrophenol

Picryl fluoride Trinitrophloroglucinol

Polynitro aliphatic compounds Trinitroresorcinol

Potassium nitroaminotetrazole Tritronal

Silver acetylide Urea nitrate

Silver azide

—Back to top—


60

ATTACHMENT #6 - FLOW CHART HAZARD CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

Identify Process

STOP

Chemical reactivity hazards not

likely to be present.

Expect chemical reactivity hazards to

be present. Implement procedures

for identifying and managing

hazards.

Is intentional

chemistry

performed?

Is any heat generated

during the mixing or

physical processing of

substances?

Is there any mixing or

combining of different

substances?

Is there any

substance identified

as spontaneously

combustible?

Does any other physical

processing of substances

occur at your facility?

Are there any

hazardous substances

stored or handled at

your facility?Is there any substance

identified as peroxide

forming?

Is there any


as water reactive?

Is there any


as an oxidizer?

Is there any


as self-reactive?

Can incompatible

materials coming into

contact cause undesired

consequences?

YES-Investigate Further

YES

NO

NO

YES

YES

NO

NO

NO

NO

YES

YES

YES

YES

YES

NO

NO-Investigate Further

YES-Investigate Further

NO-Investigate

Laboratory & Pilot Plant Reactive

Chemisty Risk Matrix

—Back to top—


61

ATTACHMENT #7 - CARCINOGENIC / TERATOGEN CHEMICALS/ REPRODUCTIVE HAZARDS

OSHA list of thirteen known carcinogens (29 CFR 1910.1003)

4-Nitrobiphenyl, Chemical Abstracts Service Register Number (CAS No.)

92933

alpha-Naphthylamine, CAS No. 134327

methyl chloromethyl ether, CAS No. 107302

3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine (and its salts) CAS No. 91941

bis-Chloromethyl ether, CAS No. 542881

beta-Naphthylamine, CAS No. 91598

Benzidine, CAS No. 92875

4-Aminodiphenyl, CAS No. 92671

Ethyleneimine, CAS No. 151564

beta-Propiolactone, CAS No. 57578

2-Acetylaminofluorene, CAS No. 53963

4-Dimethylaminoazo-benzene, CAS No. 60117

N-Nitrosodimethylamine, CAS No. 62759

http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDA

RDS&p_id=10007

IARC List of Carcinogens

For the complete listing of Chemicals classified by IARC as either Group 1,

carcinogenic to humans; 2A, probably carcinogenic to humans; or B see the

following link to the IARC website.

http://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Classification/index.php

—Back to top—



http://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Classification/index.php


62

ATTACHMENT #8A - BYU Training Attendance Form

Title of Training

Date

Summary of Topics Covered

Training Aids Used

Instructor Instructor's

Signature

Regulation Requirement Y / N If yes, indicate

regulation:

ATTENDEES: Please print your information legibly

Printed Name Initials Department BYU ID # email

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15


63

ATTACHMENT #8B - Online Training Record Form

Instructions: Print this form, then complete it and turn it into your supervisor.

Title of Online Course:

Date of Training:

You’re Name (Please Print):

You’re I.D. Number:

Department:

Supervisors Name:

—Back to top—


64

ATTACHMENT #9 - SAFETY CHECKLIST FOR COMPRESSED GASES

IN CYLINDERS OR PORTABLE TANKS

Are cylinders stored in upright positions and immobilized by chains or other

means to prevent them from being knocked over?

Are cylinders stored away from highly flammable substances such as oil, gasoline, or waste

Are cylinders stored away from electrical connections, gas flames or other sources of ignition, and substances such as flammable solvents and combustible waste material?

Are flammable gases separated from oxidizing gases in storage areas?

Are oxygen and fuel gas cylinders separated by a minimum of 20 feet when in

storage?

Are storage rooms for cylinders dry, cool, and well- ventilated?

Are cylinders stored away from incompatibles, excessive heat, continuous

dampness, salt or other corrosive chemicals, and any areas that may subject them

to damage?

Is the storage area permanently posted with the names of the gases stored in the cylinders?

Do all compressed gas cylinders have their contents and precautionary labeling clearly marked on their exteriors?

Are all compressed gas cylinder valve covers in place when cylinders are not in use?

Are all compressed gas cylinders stored so they do not interfere with exit paths?

Are all compressed gas cylinders subjected to periodic hydrostatic testing and

interior inspection? This is normally done by the supplier and marked on the

cylinder.

Do all compressed gas cylinders have safety pressure relief valves?

Are cylinders always maintained at temperatures below 125ºF?

Are safety relief devices in the valve or on the cylinder free from any indication of tampering?

Is repair or alteration to the cylinder, valve, or safety relief devices prohibited?

Is painting cylinders without authorization by the owner prohibited?


65

Are charged or full cylinders labeled and stored away from empty cylinders?

Is the bottom of the cylinder protected from the ground to prevent rusting?

Are all compressed gas cylinders regularly inspected for corrosion, pitting, cuts, gouges, digs, bulges, neck defects and general distortion?

Are cylinder valves closed at all times, except when the valve is in use?

Are compressed gas cylinders always moved, even short distances, by a suitable

hand truck?

Is using wrenches or other tools for opening and closing valves prohibited?

Are suitable pressure regulating devices in use whenever the gas is emitted to systems with pressure-rated limitations lower than the cylinder pressure?

Are all compressed gas cylinder connections such as pressure regulators,

manifolds, hoses, gauges, and relief valves checked for integrity and tightness?

Are all compressed gas cylinders regularly subjected to leak detection using an

approved leak detecting liquid?

Is an approved leak-detection liquid used to detect flammable gas leaks? A flame

should never be used.

Are procedures established for when a compressed gas cylinder leak cannot be remedied by simply tightening the valve?

The procedures should include the following:

o Attach tag to the cylinder stating it is unserviceable.

o Remove cylinder to a well-ventilated out of doors location.

o If the gas is flammable or toxic, place an appropriate sign at the cylinder warning of these hazards.

o Notify the gas supplier and follow his/her instructions as to the return of the cylinder.

Are students/employees prohibited from using compressed gases (air) to clean clothing or work surfaces?

Are compressed gases only handled by experienced and properly trained people?

—Back to top—


66

ATTACHMENT #10 - BROKEN GLASS WARNING LABEL

—Back to top—


67

ATTACHMENT # 11 - RESTRICTED CHEMICALS AND PRIOR APPROVAL

Various chemical types require preapproval because of regulations or the hazardous

properties of the material. These chemical may require special training, hazardous

material storage, regulatory approval and security.

The following classification list for hazardous or regulated chemicals requires

preapproval through Risk Management. A reference is given for each hazardous

chemical classification. Contact Risk Management with questions (422-4468)

TYPE

Controlled Substances (DEA Schedule I – V; see 21 CFR 1308.11 through

1308.15)

o NOTE: DEA Schedule I substances are not allowed on campus.

o 21 CFR 1308

o See BYU Controlled Substance Policy

Chemical Weapons

o Any material listed as a schedule 1, 2, or 3 Toxic Chemical on 15 CFR

Parts 712 through 714.

See section A of Supplement No. 1 for each part

o Title 15, Subtitle B, Chapter VII, Subchapter B

Highly Toxic

o Any chemical listed in OSHA 29 CFR 1910.119 App A, List of Highly

Hazardous Chemicals, Toxic and Reactives

o Quantities not exceeding one-hundredth (0.01 x) the listed Threshold

Quantity in pounds is allowable.

o http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table

=STANDARDS&p_id=9761

High Energy and/or High Hazard Materials

o Any chemical listed as “Forbidden” or Hazard class “1” in column 3 of

the DOT 49 CFR 172.101 – Hazardous Material Table

o 49 CFR 172.101 Hazardous Materials Table

Biological agents in Risk Groups 3 and 4.

o BMBL 5th edition, Table #1, page 10, Classification of Infectious

Microorganisms by Risk Group

o http://www.cdc.gov/biosafety/publications/bmbl5/BMBL5_sect_II.p

df

—Back to top—

http://ecfr.gpoaccess.gov/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=ecfr&sid=f2da9e3abc1b0069128832f3ac85a95a&rgn=div5&view=text&node=21:9.0.1.1.9&idno=21

http://ecfr.gpoaccess.gov/cgi/t/text/text-idx?sid=f2da9e3abc1b0069128832f3ac85a95a&c=ecfr&tpl=/ecfrbrowse/Title15/15cfrv2_02.tpl#700



http://ecfr.gpoaccess.gov/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=ecfr&sid=7f94b15b7fff396ccb5bc975a4052cb0&rgn=div8&view=text&node=49:2.1.1.3.8.2.25.1&idno=49

http://www.cdc.gov/biosafety/publications/bmbl5/BMBL5_sect_II.pdf

http://www.cdc.gov/biosafety/publications/bmbl5/BMBL5_sect_II.pdf


68

ATTACHMENT #12 - LABORATORY INSPECTION CHECKLIST

Lab inspection checklist used by Risk Management

Urgency levels: S No items of non-compliance or unsafe conditions were identified. (Safe) N Non-compliance concern. (Non-compliance)

UC Potential or actual unsafe condition in the lab. (Condition) UA Unsafe condition of higher priority but not an immediate threat. (Attention) R UNCORRECTED REPEATED VIOLATIONS IDENTIFIED (REPEATED) I IMMEDIATE ACTION REQUIRED TO CORRECT AN UNSAFE CONDITION (IMMEDIATE)

Urgency Questions Responses Comments 1. General & House Keeping 1.1. The lab sign is up to date accurate Passed Action Required N/A UNK 1.2. No person is working alone in the lab Passed Action Required N/A UNK 1.3. Lab is properly secured. Passed Action Required N/A UNK 1.3.a. What is the security issue? No locks on doors Lab doors open while unattended Controlled sub. not properly secured 1.4. No food in lab, including fridges. Passed Action Required N/A UNK 1.5. No parts of the lab are overly cluttered Passed Action Required N/A UNK 1.5.a. What part of the lab is overly cluttered? Hood Aisles Workbench Sink Shelf Lab “A” etc. 1.6. No heavy objects are above shoulder level. Passed Action Required N/A UNK 1.6.a. Where is the object above shoulder level? North Shelf East Shelf West Shelf South Shelf Middle Shelf 1.7. There is a spill kit in the lab. Passed Action Required N/A UNK 1.8. There is a stocked first aid kit in the lab. Passed Action Required N/A UNK 1.9. Egress and exits are not blocked Passed Action Required N/A UNK 1.10. Hand soap is available in lab Passed Action Required N/A UNK 2. Records & Documentation 2.1. Emergency numbers listed near phone. Passed Action Required N/A UNK 2.2. MSDS are readily available or lab workers are aware of

where to find them Passed Action Required N/A UNK

2.3. SOPs are available and accessible Passed Action Required N/A UNK 2.4. An inventory is kept for all chemicals in the lab Passed Action Required N/A UNK 2.5. Lab training is performed and documented Passed Action Required N/A UNK 2.5.a. What training is deficient? Chemical Hygiene Plan Specific Hazards MSDS Safety Equipment (Eyewash, showers) Fume Hood Bio-safety Cabinet Lab Specific Equipment Lab Specific Chemicals Lab Specific Procedures Emergency Procedures Chemical Storage Training Log 2.6. Lab areas and equipment are properly labeled Passed Action Required N/A UNK 2.6.a. What areas or items are not labeled properly? Refrigerator Freezer Microwave Radioactive areas Ongoing Experiments (Unattended) Warning Sings Storage Areas Emergency Exits Waste Area


69

2.7. Emergency procedures are in place and reviewed in the case of a catastrophic event.

Passed Action Required N/A UNK

2.8. Lasers have proper documentation. Passed Action Required N/A UNK 3. Equipment Safety 3.1. Eyewash and/or Shower areas are properly maintained. Passed Action Required N/A UNK 3.1.a. What are the eyewash/shower infractions? Obstructed Broken Equipment Near Electric Source 3.2. Sharps are being stored properly. Passed Action Required N/A UNK 3.2.a. Where is the sharps infraction? Workbench Hood Sink Floor Shelves 3.3. A proper container is available for discarding broken

glass. Passed Action Required N/A UNK

3.4. Laboratory Hoods are properly used. Passed Action Required N/A UNK 3.4.a. What is the hood infraction? Sash left open No Lighting Bad Flow Alarm Used as chemical storage Excess waste in hood Excess clutter Open Solvent Containers Alterations made 3.5. Hood inspection tags are current. Passed Action Required N/A UNK 3.6. Gas cylinders are used properly. Passed Action Required N/A UNK 3.6.a. What is the gas cylinder infraction? Too near electricity source No cap or improperly capped Not properly secured Regulator is not correct (For intended use) Regulator not installed correctly 3.7. Gas cylinders are labeled clearly. Passed Action Required N/A UNK 3.8. Toxic gases have appropriate sensor present Passed Action Required N/A UNK 3.8.a. Which gas does not have an appropriate sensor? CO2 Cl2 NO CO F2 SO2 H2 CN H2S O2 HCl NH3 Silane Dichlorosilane Other 3.9. Bio-safety cabinets are used properly Passed Action Required N/A UNK 3.9.a. What is the BSC infraction? Excess clutter Used as chemical storage 3.10. Bio-safety cabinets certification up to date Passed Action Required N/A UNK 3.11. Any mechanical equipment is properly guarded. Passed Action Required N/A UNK 3.12. Only appropriate refrigerators contain flammables. Passed Action Required N/A UNK 4. Chemical Safety 4.1. PPE is being used properly in the lab Passed Action Required N/A UNK 4.1.a. What PPE is not used properly? Goggles Gloves Pants Lab Coat Shoes Other 4.2. Incompatibles properly segregated Passed Action Required N/A UNK 4.2.a. What incompatibles are not segregated? Acids Bases


70

Oxidizers Flammables Water Reactive Toxic 4.3. No chemical storage hazards in the lab. Passed Action Required N/A UNK 4.3.a. What is the chemical storage infraction? Incompatibles stored together Flammables stored on bench Flammables stored in hood Containers not capped and closed Breakable containers on floor. No lip or bar for shelves Containers leaking Containers forming crystals Outdated chemicals Improper fridge use 4.4. All chemicals are properly labeled Passed Action Required N/A UNK 4.5. Adequate storage available for chemicals. Passed Action Required N/A UNK 4.6. Chemical cabinets are properly maintained. Passed Action Required N/A UNK 5. Fire Safety 5.1. No fire hazards present in lab. Passed Action Required N/A UNK 5.1.a. Which fire hazards are present: Missing Ceiling Tile Cluttered Aisle Frayed electrical wires Fire doors propped open Unattended flames No fire extinguisher Excess flammable liquids out More than 5 gal. Sprinklers obstructed Electrical appliance in spark-proof fridge Extinguisher access blocked Flam cabs not meet NFPA Flam liquids stored near ignition source 5.2. Fire extinguisher tags are current. Passed Action Required N/A UNK 6. Electrical Safety 6.1. No electrical hazards present in the lab. Passed Action Required N/A UNK 6.1.a. What is the electrical infraction? Extension cords routed incorrectly Extension cord overloaded Daisy-chaining Outlet covers missing Blocked electrical panel Equipment grounding Frayed wire Missing insulation GFCI near sink GFCI near flammable liquid storage 7. Hazardous Material Storage & Disposal 7.1. Hazardous material is being disposed of properly. Passed Action Required N/A UNK 7.1.a. What is the hazardous material infraction? Improper containers Improper labeling Excess on bench Excess in hood Incompatibles together Location not marked Broken glass Sharps Breakable container on floor Containers not closed Not timely removed >55 gal of waste in lab 8. Biological and Radiological Safety 8.1. No biological hazards in the lab. Passed Action Required N/A UNK 8.2. No radiological hazards in the lab. Passed Action Required N/A UNK 9. Other 9.1. Any other concerns that need to be noted? YES NO

—Back to top—


71

ATTACHMENT #13 – UNDERSTANDING AN MSDS

The SIRI MSDS index is available on the Risk Management website under the <Environmental> <Services> <MSDS Search>

http://hazard.com/msds/

ANSI Standardized MSDS Format

Section 1 Chemical product and company identification

Gives details on what the chemical or substance is, CAS number, syn-onyms, the name of the company issuing the data sheet, and often an emergency contact number.

Section 2 Composition/information on ingredients

Identifies the OSHA hazardous ingredients, and may include other key ingredients and exposure limits.

Section 3 Hazards identification, including emergency overview

Lists the major health effects associated with the chemical. Sometimes both the acute and chronic hazards are given.

Section 4 First aid measures

Provides first aid measures that should be initiated in case of exposure.

Section 5 Firefighting measures

Presents the fire-fighting measures to be taken.

Section 6 Accidental release measures

Details the procedures to be taken in case of an accidental release. The instructions given may not be sufficiently comprehensive in all cases, and local rules and procedures should be utilized to supplement the information given in the MSDS sheet.

Section 7 Handling and storage

Addresses the storage and handling information for the chemical. This is an important section as it contains information on the flammability, explosive risk, propensity to form peroxides, and chemical incompatibility for the substance. It also addresses any special storage requirements for the chemical (i.e., special cabinets or refrigerators).

Section 8 Exposure controls/personal protection

Outlines the regulatory limits for exposure, usually the maximum per-missible exposure limits (PEL). The PEL, issued by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, tells the concentration of air contamination a person can be exposed to for 8 hours a day, 40 hours per week over a working lifetime (30 years) without suffering adverse health effects. It also provides information on personal protective equipment.

http://hazard.com/msds/


72

Section 9 Physical and chemical properties

Gives the physical and chemical properties of the chemical. Information such as the evaporation rate, specific gravity, and flash points are given.

Section 10 Stability and reactivity

Provides the stability and reactivity information of the chemical with chemical incompatibilities and conditions to avoid.

Section 11 Toxicological information

Provides both the acute and chronic toxicity of the chemical and any health effects that may be attributed to the chemical.

Section 12 Ecological information

Identifies both the ecotoxicity and the environmental fate of the chemical

Section 13 Offers suggestions for the disposal of the chemical. Local, state, and Federal regulations should be followed.

Section 14 Ecological information

Provides transportation information required by the Department of Transportation. This often identifies the dangers associated with the chemical, such as flammability, toxicity, radioactivity, and reactivity.

Section 15 Regulatory information

Outlines regulatory information for the chemical. The hazard codes for the chemical are given along with principle hazards associated with the chemical. A variety of country and/or state specific details may be given.

Section 16 Other information

Provides additional information, such as the label warnings, preparation and revision dates, name of the person or firm that prepared the MSDS, disclaimers, and references used to prepare the MSDS.

NOTE: Not all MSDS are up to date or accurate. Some areas are too

general and lack adequate information to allow the reviewer to make an

informed decision. Two examples of this are Section 8, Exposure

Controls/Personal Protection and Section 13, Disposal Considerations.

Often both of these sections are to general to be useful.

—Back to top—

chemistry and biochemistry department chemical hygiene …€¦ · this chemical hygiene and safety...

Documents