chasing sustainability on the net 2012

7/30/2019 Chasing Sustainability on the Net 2012

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Chasing

sustainability

on the net

Easirkkunen

&

Clare

Cook

(d)


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Chasing

Sustainabilityon the NetInternational research on 6 journalistic

pure players and their business models

Editors:

Esa Sirkkunen, Research Centre COMET, University o Tampere, Finland

Clare Cook, University o Central Lancashire, United Kingdom

Database project lead:

Pekka Pekkala, USC Annenberg, USA

Contributing authors:

Mikihito Tanaka, Waseda University, Japan

Johanna Vehkoo, UK

Nicola Bruno, Italy

Luchino Sivori, Spain

Leader o the project:

Proessor Risto Kunelius, University o Tampere, Finland


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Layout and graphic design:

Teemu Helenius

Juvenes Print

Tampere 1

ISBN -51--6- (PDF)
http://www.thelenius.net/http://www.thelenius.net/


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Contents

. Introduction Esa Sirkkunen, Clare Cook and Pekka Pekkala

. Diversifed media landscapes

.1. Overview o media systems 1

Esa Sirkkunen

.. USA: Moderate success ater a long crisis 1

Pekka Pekkala

.. Japan: Journo-based and journo-oriented

Mikihito Tanaka

.. UK: Big media riends

Johanna Vehkoo and Clare Cook

.5. France: Tensions and diversity 5

Clare Cook

.6. Italy: An unfnished transition 6

Nicola Bruno

.. Spain: Enthusiasm and ragility

Luchino Svori

.. Finland: Legacy dominates

Esa Sirkkunen

. Revenue sources Clare Cook and Esa Sirkkunen

. Sustaining journalistic entrepreneurship 0Pekka Pekkala and Clare Cook

. Conclusions Clare Cook, Esa Sirkkunen and Pekka Pekkala

About the authors

Appendices


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Chasing Sustainability on the Net

1. IntroductionEsa Sirkkunen, Clare Cook and Pekka Pekkala

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Chasing Sustainability on the Net 11

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References

Anderson, C. (2009) T f . T W S J

31.01.2009 p://.j.//SB123335678420235003.Bruno, N. & Nielsen, R. K. (2012) S S. Of: R I

f S f J. p://...//2012/

p/02/---f--

Briggs, M. (2012) Ep J: H B W N f

N. L A: S.

Filloux, F. (2012) C f: f . ..

2.4.2012 p://www...//2012/p/02/--

-f--

CJR (2012) CJR G O Nw Sp. p://www.j./w_-

p_/

Downie, L. & Schudson, M. (2009) T R f A J-

. Cb J R 19.10.2009. p://.j./

/__f_.pp?p=

Grueskin, B. & Seave, A. & Graves, L. (2011) T S S F. W w w

b b f j. Cb J S

T C f D J. p://j./_b_f__

j/
http://online.wsj.com/article/SB123335678420235003.htmlhttp://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2012/apr/02/monday-note-culture-shift-user-clienthttp://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2012/apr/02/monday-note-culture-shift-user-clienthttp://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2012/apr/02/monday-note-culture-shift-user-clienthttp://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2012/apr/02/monday-note-culture-shift-user-clienthttp://www.cjr.org/news_startups_guide/http://www.cjr.org/news_startups_guide/http://www.cjr.org/reconstruction/the_reconstruction_of_american.php?page=allhttp://www.cjr.org/reconstruction/the_reconstruction_of_american.php?page=allhttp://cjr.org/the_business_of_digital_journalism/http://cjr.org/the_business_of_digital_journalism/http://cjr.org/the_business_of_digital_journalism/http://cjr.org/the_business_of_digital_journalism/http://www.cjr.org/reconstruction/the_reconstruction_of_american.php?page=allhttp://www.cjr.org/reconstruction/the_reconstruction_of_american.php?page=allhttp://www.cjr.org/news_startups_guide/http://www.cjr.org/news_startups_guide/http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2012/apr/02/monday-note-culture-shift-user-clienthttp://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2012/apr/02/monday-note-culture-shift-user-clienthttp://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2012/apr/02/monday-note-culture-shift-user-clienthttp://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2012/apr/02/monday-note-culture-shift-user-clienthttp://online.wsj.com/article/SB123335678420235003.html


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Kaye, J. & Quinn, S. (2010) F J D A. N Y:

P L Pb.

Levy, D. & Nielsen, R.K. (2010) T C B f J

Ip f D. Of: R I f S f

J.

Newman, N. (2011) M b f

f . Oxf: R I f S f J

Nichols J. and Mcchesney R.W. (2009) T f f A-

pp. T N ZNET 20.03.2009. p://b.

pbw./w/f/f/48493379/---f-f---

pp-b-j-.pf

Picard, R. (2010) A B Pp C F J. I

L D. N R. () (2010) T C B f J Ip f D. Oxf: R I f S

f J.

Rosenstiel, T. & Jurkowit, M. & Ji, H.(2012) T S f N B-

M. P R C Pj f E J

05.03.2012.p://www.j./_p/_w_b

_

Radclie, D. (2012) H N: UK p . p://.

../b//H__N_17.pfUutisraivaaa (2012) p://j.f/.

Wunsch-Vincent, S. (2010) O N, R Dp, N B-

M F Pp. I L D. N R. () (2010)

T C B f J Ip f D.

Oxf: R I f S f J.
http://bsunytimes.pbworks.com/w/file/fetch/48493379/the-death-and-life-of-great-american-newspapers-by-john-nichols.pdfhttp://bsunytimes.pbworks.com/w/file/fetch/48493379/the-death-and-life-of-great-american-newspapers-by-john-nichols.pdfhttp://bsunytimes.pbworks.com/w/file/fetch/48493379/the-death-and-life-of-great-american-newspapers-by-john-nichols.pdfhttp://www.journalism.org/analysis_report/search_new_business_modelhttp://www.journalism.org/analysis_report/search_new_business_modelhttp://www.journalism.org/analysis_report/search_new_business_modelhttp://www.nesta.org.uk/library/documents/Here_and_Now_v17.pdfhttp://www.nesta.org.uk/library/documents/Here_and_Now_v17.pdfhttp://uutisraivaaja.fi/home.htmlhttp://uutisraivaaja.fi/home.htmlhttp://www.nesta.org.uk/library/documents/Here_and_Now_v17.pdfhttp://www.nesta.org.uk/library/documents/Here_and_Now_v17.pdfhttp://www.journalism.org/analysis_report/search_new_business_modelhttp://www.journalism.org/analysis_report/search_new_business_modelhttp://bsunytimes.pbworks.com/w/file/fetch/48493379/the-death-and-life-of-great-american-newspapers-by-john-nichols.pdfhttp://bsunytimes.pbworks.com/w/file/fetch/48493379/the-death-and-life-of-great-american-newspapers-by-john-nichols.pdfhttp://bsunytimes.pbworks.com/w/file/fetch/48493379/the-death-and-life-of-great-american-newspapers-by-john-nichols.pdf


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. Diversifed medialandscapesT p f p f b

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.1. Overview o media systemsEsa Sirkkunen

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CountryPopulation(est 2011)

Internetusers %2011/11

Newspaperreach %

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Mediaadvertising

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Size o MediaMarket

(billions)

USA 313 232 044 78,3 39,6 $158,9 (2011) $ 557,9 (est. 2009)

Japan 126 475 664 79,1 90,9 5710,0 (2011) 11800 (2010)

France 65 102 719 77,2 46,3 $ 9,5 (2010) $ 40,7 (2010)

UK 62 698 362 84,1 56,7 $11,7 (2010) $ 41,8 (2010)

Italy 61 016 804 58,7 45,9 6,3 (2011) 28,8 (2010)

Spain 46 754 784 65,6 38,0 5,8 (2010) Not available

Finland 5 259 250 88,6 78,0 1,4 (2011) 4,3 (2011)

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The three Models /

Media systemcharacteristics

Polarized pluralist:

France, Italy, Spain

Democratic-

corporatist:Germany, Finland

Liberal model:

USA, UK

Newspaper industryLow newspaper circula-tion; elite oriented press

High newspapercirculation; earlymass-circulation

Medium newspapercirculation; earlycommercial press

Political parallelism(how journalismrefects the politicalsystem)

External pluralism,commentary-orientedjournalism, governmentmodel o broadcastgovernance

External pluralism,strong party press,neutral commercialpress, politics-in -broad-casting system with

substantial autonomy

Neutral commercialpress, inormation-oriented journalism,proessional model obroadcast governance ormally autonomous

system

ProessionalisationWeaker proessionalisa-tion; instrumentalisation

Strong proessionalisa-tion; institutionalisedsel-regulation

Strong proessionalisati-on; non-institutionalisedsel-regulation

Role o the stateStrong state interven-tion, press subsidies inFrance and Italy

Strong state interventionbut with protection opress reedom, presssubsidies (Finland)

Market dominated(except strong publicbroadcasting in Britain,Ireland)

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References:

Hallin, D. & Mancini, P. (2004) Cp : T f

p. Cb: Cb U P.

Hanitsch, T. et al (2011) Mpp J C A N. J-

S, 12:3, 273-293.

McCargo, D. (2012) P P. I H D. M P. (2012)

Cp b w w. Nw Y: Cb

U P.


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. USA: Moderate success atera long crisisPekka Pekkala

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There is no magic one-solution-its-all ormula to surviving. Advertising still

the major source o income but new revenues rom community support

and consulting are emerging.

Frugality is key. Costs are kept down and newsroom growth is in sync with

growing revenues, not with expected revenues.

Theres very little promise in citizen contributions i youre running a small,

niche web site. Contributions are sporadic and the one-man-publisher-

editor model seems to create most o the stories by themselves.

Niche sites seem to enjoy strong community support, which can be backed up

with inancial support. People are willing to pay small sums to support the pub-

lications, in a orm o exclusive access or newsletter. People pay to be part o the

community and support a publication they think is important and worthwhile.

Entrepreneurial thinking remains a problem. Traditional newsroom work

doesnt require any business intelligence and journalists start their entre-

preneurial path rom zero. It takes time or them to realize that they are

probably the best people to run the business side o things as well as the

editorial. A business mindset grows gradually. The skills are there but they

need time to develop.

The case studies included are: TheBatavian.com, DavidsonNews.net,

MedCityNews.com, Ars Technica, BargainBabe.com, Technically Philly,

ArtsJournal.com, PatientPower.ino, MedCityNews.com


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References

Barkai, M. (2011) T Ep p w. EJC

Mz 30.03.2011. p://.j./z//____p_p__/
http://www.ejc.net/magazine/article/the_economic_recession_in_europe_rampages_the_newsroom/http://www.ejc.net/magazine/article/the_economic_recession_in_europe_rampages_the_newsroom/http://www.ejc.net/magazine/article/the_economic_recession_in_europe_rampages_the_newsroom/http://www.ejc.net/magazine/article/the_economic_recession_in_europe_rampages_the_newsroom/


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Bruno, N. & Nielsen, R. K. (2012). S S. Of: R I

f S f J.

Comaine, B. & Hoag, A. (2012) F Spp H Nw E

M M: A S f M Ep. I J

M M 14, 2749.

Funaiki, J. (2012) O J Ep: F Sp S-

b. M Ip F. p://f.//8747

eMarketer (2012) US O A Sp Sp P

2012. P R 19.01.2012. p://../PR.

px?R=1008788

Kantar Media (2012) K M p U.S. xp -

0.8 p 2011. P 12.03.2012. p://www..

//f/f/p/K_M_2011__Q4_US_A_Sp.pfJ-La KCNN D f C N S. J Lb K C

N N. p://../_/

Kurius, D. D., Metgar, E.T. & Rowley, K.M. (2010) S Hp

M. J S, 11, pp.359376.

Mitchell, A. & Rosenstiel, T. (2012) K F. T S f Nw M-

. T P R C Pj f Ex J p://

f./2012/-4/-f/#

Paer Cuts (2012) E S U.S. wpp ff b.p://ppff./

Pavlik, J. (2001) J , N Y: Cb U

P.

Shaer, J. (2012) Ip Nw S: T P Sw B W.

J-Lb 15.02.2012. p://.j-b.///b-/

-p---b-/

Shaw, L. (2011) L.A. T R b M T: Tp E Q W

C L. T WRAP 13.12. 2011 p://.p.//

-p/------33567

Tenore, M. J. (2011) A: Npp S Rp I B G-

f E. P. 10.12.2009. p://.p./

-/p-/99822/-pp--p--

b---f-x/

The NYT (2011) L Sp f T L. T NYT. 30.06.2010. p://

p.b../2010/06/30/-p-f--/
http://gfem.org/node/8747http://www.emarketer.com/PressRelease.aspx?R=1008788http://www.emarketer.com/PressRelease.aspx?R=1008788http://www.kantarmedia.com/sites/default/files/press/Kantar_Media_2011__Q4_US_Ad_Spend.pdfhttp://www.kantarmedia.com/sites/default/files/press/Kantar_Media_2011__Q4_US_Ad_Spend.pdfhttp://www.kcnn.org/citmedia_sites/http://stateofthemedia.org/2012/overview-4/key-findings/#economicshttp://stateofthemedia.org/2012/overview-4/key-findings/#economicshttp://newspaperlayoffs.com/http://www.j-lab.org/ideas/category/blogically-thinking/the-pendulum-is-swinging-both-ways/http://www.j-lab.org/ideas/category/blogically-thinking/the-pendulum-is-swinging-both-ways/http://www.thewrap.com/media/column-post/russ-stanton-out-la-times-editor-33567http://www.thewrap.com/media/column-post/russ-stanton-out-la-times-editor-33567http://www.poynter.org/latest-news/top-stories/99822/angier-newspaper-science-reporting-is-basically-going-out-of-existence/http://www.poynter.org/latest-news/top-stories/99822/angier-newspaper-science-reporting-is-basically-going-out-of-existence/http://www.poynter.org/latest-news/top-stories/99822/angier-newspaper-science-reporting-is-basically-going-out-of-existence/http://maplewood.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/06/30/last-stop-for-the-local/http://maplewood.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/06/30/last-stop-for-the-local/http://maplewood.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/06/30/last-stop-for-the-local/http://maplewood.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/06/30/last-stop-for-the-local/http://www.poynter.org/latest-news/top-stories/99822/angier-newspaper-science-reporting-is-basically-going-out-of-existence/http://www.poynter.org/latest-news/top-stories/99822/angier-newspaper-science-reporting-is-basically-going-out-of-existence/http://www.poynter.org/latest-news/top-stories/99822/angier-newspaper-science-reporting-is-basically-going-out-of-existence/http://www.thewrap.com/media/column-post/russ-stanton-out-la-times-editor-33567http://www.thewrap.com/media/column-post/russ-stanton-out-la-times-editor-33567http://www.j-lab.org/ideas/category/blogically-thinking/the-pendulum-is-swinging-both-ways/http://www.j-lab.org/ideas/category/blogically-thinking/the-pendulum-is-swinging-both-ways/http://newspaperlayoffs.com/http://stateofthemedia.org/2012/overview-4/key-findings/#economicshttp://stateofthemedia.org/2012/overview-4/key-findings/#economicshttp://www.kcnn.org/citmedia_sites/http://www.kantarmedia.com/sites/default/files/press/Kantar_Media_2011__Q4_US_Ad_Spend.pdfhttp://www.kantarmedia.com/sites/default/files/press/Kantar_Media_2011__Q4_US_Ad_Spend.pdfhttp://www.emarketer.com/PressRelease.aspx?R=1008788http://www.emarketer.com/PressRelease.aspx?R=1008788http://gfem.org/node/8747


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. Japan: Journo-based andjourno-oriented

Mikihito Tanaka1

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Large news sites including legacy media websites are now mainly relying on

incomes rom advertisers, but by observing and ollowing trends overseas,

they are trialling several other business models to acquire sustainability.

Currently many sites have moved towards a reemium model, but this is not

without problems.

Many small and medium-sized news sites including alternative journalism

sites are partly dependent on its news distribution to portal sites or legacy

media. Because o Japans barely there donation culture, citizen and alterna-

tive journalism sites are struggling to survive, although they are attempting

to disperse risk by using several proit models at the same time.

By inventing new web architecture some subculture sites have been great

successes. In these cases, more journalistic agendas were put in place ater

their success.

Apart rom economical sustainability, Japanese online journalism culture

is acing several challenges or its sustainability. For example, training,

supplying and the livelihood o young journalists in online culture is a key

problem.

Another relatively new topic in Japanese history is ixing the online public

opinion sphere to bridge the gap between nationalism and globalism.

The case studies include: A Power Magazine, Nanapi, Rocket News, Webronza,

Record China, Niwango, Our Planet TV, 47news, CB News, Gigazine, JB Press,Blogos, Sankei Digital, Natalie, Videonews.com.


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References

Anderson, C. (2009) F: T F f R P Hp.

Digital Advertising Consortium (2010) Sp, P, Ipp

j 2010 [U S b Sp, P

C P 2010] p://www...jp/C/pf/p/20100924_p_

.pf(R D. 2011)

Hirata, A., Kimura, Y. et al. (2012) TV R S G [C-

S f T R R], H K C

[B S R] M 2012. pp102-113.

Nihon Shinun Kyokai [T Jp Npp Pb A]

p://www.p..jp//p/p04.pp (R

Ap. 2012)Nielsen Wire (2011) N [T pp

Jp] p://www...jp/_w/jp/2011/06/29/

_201105.pf(R J. 2012)

Nomura Research Institute (2011) S

[M q

] p:///www...jp/w/2011/110329.(R N. 2011)

Soumusyo (2012) J T H H 23 b [MIC 2012;

Jp M f I Aff C (2012) If- C pp 2011 (2012)]

Soumusyo Tokeikyoku, N T N (2012) [S B, M-

f I Aff C, S Yb f Jp,

(2012)]

Soumusyo Tsuhin Riyo Doko Chosa [C Rp b S-

B, M f I Aff C] p://

...jp/j//05. (L A

M 2012)

M T w w pp b MEXT KAKENHI G Nb 23700301

Nb q p b f Jp b (N T N 2012) , If C pp 2011 f Jp f ff (J T H 2012) p b (T R DC, 2012).

Nb q p b f Jp b (N T N 2012) , If C

pp 2011 f Jp f ff (J T H 2012) p b (T R DC, 2012).
http://www.dac.co.jp/Contents/pdf/press/20100924_sp_research.pdfhttp://www.dac.co.jp/Contents/pdf/press/20100924_sp_research.pdfhttp://www.pressnet.or.jp/data/employment/employment04.phphttp://www.netratings.co.jp/nielsen_wire/jp/2011/06/29/sns_201105.pdfhttp://www.netratings.co.jp/nielsen_wire/jp/2011/06/29/sns_201105.pdfhttp://www.nri.co.jp/news/2011/110329.htmlhttp://www.soumu.go.jp/johotsusintokei/statistics/statistics05.htmlhttp://www.soumu.go.jp/johotsusintokei/statistics/statistics05.htmlhttp://www.soumu.go.jp/johotsusintokei/statistics/statistics05.htmlhttp://www.soumu.go.jp/johotsusintokei/statistics/statistics05.htmlhttp://www.nri.co.jp/news/2011/110329.htmlhttp://www.netratings.co.jp/nielsen_wire/jp/2011/06/29/sns_201105.pdfhttp://www.netratings.co.jp/nielsen_wire/jp/2011/06/29/sns_201105.pdfhttp://www.pressnet.or.jp/data/employment/employment04.phphttp://www.dac.co.jp/Contents/pdf/press/20100924_sp_research.pdfhttp://www.dac.co.jp/Contents/pdf/press/20100924_sp_research.pdf


44/135


. UK: Big media riendsJohanna Vehkoo and Clare Cook

I B wpp w : b

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f, q pp z. T pp

p pp T S, f 2,6 M 2012.

T b pb f pp T M,

240 T D M S

M (Pf 2012). T B p f p p- , pb b, BBC,

Many UK startups do not rely on advertising revenue. There are severalwho make their money rom legacy media, showing that the relationship

between startups and legacy media players is collaborative rather than

competitive.

The B2B (business-to-business) approach is very visible in the business

models o our UK case studies. These are startups whose clients are either

the traditional media or other bigger companies.

It seems that there is more money in curation, aggregation and selling tech-

nology than in the high set-cost business o journalistic content creation.

The hyperlocal scene is vibrant receiving much attention but sustainability

is a struggle.

Apart rom the hyperlocals, its surprisingly diicult to ind UK startups whoproduce their own content and sell it to a large or even niche audience.

As our project contains no case studies rom Scotland or Wales, this report

mainly considers England. We also briely mention an Irish case study,

Storyul.

The case studies include: Lichield Community Media, Hackney Citizen,

Scraperwiki, Storyul, Tweetminster, Demotix, Media Street Apps, Blottr

Digital, Journalism.co.uk, Audioboo, Landscape Juice, Not on the Wires,

Talk to the Press, Womens Views On News, Alderleyedge.com.


45/135


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References

Bessant, J. R. & Venales, T. (2008) C W F Kw: M-

I C.

Bradshaw, P. (2009) Ex f W 3.12. 2009 p, -

b : p://.pb.p./p/200910///43/09120303.

Chesrough, H. (2003) Op I: T N Ip f C

Pf f T. B: H B S P.

Fowler, N. (2011) H f ? T , f f

f wpp U K. L Nff

C, Oxf U, 10 N 2011. Ab : p://.ff.

x..//Nff%20G%20L%202011.pf

Fowler, N. (2011) L pp f . 20.11. 2011 .., b : p://..

.///2011//20/-pp---

Flouch, H. (2010) L b. N Nb-

L C. Ab : p://www.../

pb/pj/b/

Halliday, J. (2011) M O p 80 b.

G... 22.12.2011. p://...//2011//22/

--p-80-

Jones, R. (2012) I M, J. F N., R I. (.) (2012) W D W M

B L? Ab.

Nel, F. (2010) W ? A f b-

wpp B 66 . J P, F

f J Sp I, V 4 (3), A 2010

Ocom (2009) L R M UK p://.f.

./--//-//

Oremus, W. (2012) T W M Pp O Nwpp. S 3.2. 2012.p://..//b/b/2012/02/__
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_____b_b_b_____

pp__pp_.

Ponsord, D. (2012) C f T S S p 2.4. PGz

13.04.2012. Ab : p://www.pz../.p?

=1=49112=1

Radclie, D. (2012) H Nw. UK p . NESTA. p://

.../b//H__N_17.pf

Stashko, J. (2011) O f j p. I N

S, b b Jp S 7.3.2011. Ab : p://jp./

/---f-j--p/

Interviews

Rock, Mark (2012) I C C Fb 2012 p://.

bj.//483/--b-/
http://www.slate.com/articles/business/moneybox/2012/02/daily_mail_new_york_times_how_the_british_tabloid_became_the_world_s_most_popular_online_newspaper_.htmlhttp://www.slate.com/articles/business/moneybox/2012/02/daily_mail_new_york_times_how_the_british_tabloid_became_the_world_s_most_popular_online_newspaper_.htmlhttp://www.pressgazette.co.uk/story.asp?sectioncode=1&storycode=49112&c=1http://www.pressgazette.co.uk/story.asp?sectioncode=1&storycode=49112&c=1http://www.nesta.org.uk/library/documents/Here_and_Now_v17.pdfhttp://www.nesta.org.uk/library/documents/Here_and_Now_v17.pdfhttp://josephstashko.com/media/overturning-the-cliche-of-journalism-with-startups/http://josephstashko.com/media/overturning-the-cliche-of-journalism-with-startups/http://www.submojour.net/archives/483/case-study-audioboo-uk/http://www.submojour.net/archives/483/case-study-audioboo-uk/http://www.submojour.net/archives/483/case-study-audioboo-uk/http://www.submojour.net/archives/483/case-study-audioboo-uk/http://josephstashko.com/media/overturning-the-cliche-of-journalism-with-startups/http://josephstashko.com/media/overturning-the-cliche-of-journalism-with-startups/http://www.nesta.org.uk/library/documents/Here_and_Now_v17.pdfhttp://www.nesta.org.uk/library/documents/Here_and_Now_v17.pdfhttp://www.pressgazette.co.uk/story.asp?sectioncode=1&storycode=49112&c=1http://www.pressgazette.co.uk/story.asp?sectioncode=1&storycode=49112&c=1http://www.slate.com/articles/business/moneybox/2012/02/daily_mail_new_york_times_how_the_british_tabloid_became_the_world_s_most_popular_online_newspaper_.htmlhttp://www.slate.com/articles/business/moneybox/2012/02/daily_mail_new_york_times_how_the_british_tabloid_became_the_world_s_most_popular_online_newspaper_.html


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.5 France: Tensions and diversityClare Cook

T b b f - -

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2005. S p p q j

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The legacy structures in the French media present bureaucratic rigidity. Thismakes it harder or entrepreneurs and startups to achieve inancial sustain-

ability and growth.

Unlike the UK, the French media system has an underlying and sometimes

antagonistic sense o them and us between old and new media uelled in

part by central leadership.

There is experimentation building media products around citizen journal-

ism. AgoraVox is one o the most prominent European examples o a citizen

journalism site, and one o the premier platorms in France or citizen

journalism.

There are major players ar outpunching their weight by cashing in on their

legacy inluence and reach. Ironically, the industry is structured in such away that these legacy players oer a lieline to ledgling media entrepre-

neurs.

Startup journalist sites can cash in on a civic role with a rallying call: rom

the tagline o website and print-magazine Causer.r especially i you dont

agree to the alternative news o Les Nouvelles News and the civically

engaged BastaMag, online journalism has given a voice to a range o sites

wanting to ight causes and be heard.

Several have taken the decision not to use advertising to inance their edito-

rial initiatives, as in Italy.

The case studies include: Rue89, MediaPart, AgoraVox, Citizenside, Dijon-scope, ThisFrenchLie.


55/135


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57/135


TABLE 1: Tp b J 2011 p p

Website Monthly unique users

TF1/Wat 9,502,000

France Televisions 8,361,000Le Figaro 6,370,000

Le Monde 5,822,000

20minutes.r 5,356,000

Lexpress.r 5,203,000

Tele Loisirs 5,179,000

Le Nouvel Observateur 5,102,000

M6 4,726,000

LEquipe 4,488,000

Rue89 2,062,000

MediaPart 659,000

AgoraVox 649,000

Citizenside 100,000

Dijonscope 60,000

ThisFrenchLie 30,000

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References

AgoraVox Q S N A Ap 2012 p://..f/q--//pq--60

Antheaume, A. (2010) T F p .

I L D. N R. (.) (2010) T C B f J

Ip f D Oxf 69-80

Bradshaw, P. (2012) D f p .

p://jb./2012/03/29/--f-

---p-/ A M 2012

Bruno, N. & Nielsen, R. K. (2012) S S. J -

p W Ep. Of: R I f S f J.

Briggs, M. (2012) Ep J. H b f

S

Eurostat (2012) I F E Ap 2012 p://

pp...p.//ITY_OFFPUB/KS-SF-11-066/EN/KS-SF-11-

066-EN.PDF Sb Lf O .p./f.../2012/

b__.pf

Filoux, F. (2009) R F O P. I M N. p://

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b-f--/

Le Floch, P. (1997) E p q P:

LH

Lerner, H. (1997) L Dp T, j T

P T

Plenel, E. T p f b D 2007 p://p.p.f/p--b/p--p/02122007/-px---b.

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f p://www..

.f/Ep-P/D--p/Rpp-C--I/

%28%29/f-FR

Zenith Otimedia A p F Ap 2012

Interviews

Bruno, N. (2012) I f F P b N B. C

SBMJ

Trienach, Phil f f Cz, w w C C

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Torres, Saine, C C Ap 2012

Quatremer, Jean C Bx, C C

2011.
http://www.mondaynote.com/2009/11/15/young-readers-already-hooked-on-subsidies/http://www.mondaynote.com/2009/11/15/young-readers-already-hooked-on-subsidies/http://%20http//www.observatoiredesmedias.com/2008/02/28/press-ownership-dans-the-observatory-of-the-medias/http://%20http//www.observatoiredesmedias.com/2008/02/28/press-ownership-dans-the-observatory-of-the-medias/http://%20http//www.observatoiredesmedias.com/2008/02/28/press-ownership-dans-the-observatory-of-the-medias/http://%20http//presite.mediapart.fr/presse-en-debat/pouvoir-et-independance/02122007/le-prix-de-la-liberte.htmlhttp://%20http//presite.mediapart.fr/presse-en-debat/pouvoir-et-independance/02122007/le-prix-de-la-liberte.htmlhttp://www.onemanandhisblog.com/archives/2012/04/engagement-buzzword-social-media.htmlhttp://www.onemanandhisblog.com/archives/2012/04/engagement-buzzword-social-media.htmlhttp://www.onemanandhisblog.com/archives/2012/04/engagement-buzzword-social-media.htmlhttp://%20http//www.culturecommunication.gouv.fr/Espace-Presse/Dossiers-de-presse/Rapport-Creation-et-Internet/%28language%29/fre-FRhttp://%20http//www.culturecommunication.gouv.fr/Espace-Presse/Dossiers-de-presse/Rapport-Creation-et-Internet/%28language%29/fre-FRhttp://%20http//www.culturecommunication.gouv.fr/Espace-Presse/Dossiers-de-presse/Rapport-Creation-et-Internet/%28language%29/fre-FRhttp://www.submojour.net/archives/448/case-study-citizenside-uk/http://www.submojour.net/archives/448/case-study-citizenside-uk/http://%20http//www.culturecommunication.gouv.fr/Espace-Presse/Dossiers-de-presse/Rapport-Creation-et-Internet/%28language%29/fre-FRhttp://%20http//www.culturecommunication.gouv.fr/Espace-Presse/Dossiers-de-presse/Rapport-Creation-et-Internet/%28language%29/fre-FRhttp://%20http//www.culturecommunication.gouv.fr/Espace-Presse/Dossiers-de-presse/Rapport-Creation-et-Internet/%28language%29/fre-FRhttp://www.onemanandhisblog.com/archives/2012/04/engagement-buzzword-social-media.htmlhttp://www.onemanandhisblog.com/archives/2012/04/engagement-buzzword-social-media.htmlhttp://www.onemanandhisblog.com/archives/2012/04/engagement-buzzword-social-media.htmlhttp://%20http//presite.mediapart.fr/presse-en-debat/pouvoir-et-independance/02122007/le-prix-de-la-liberte.htmlhttp://%20http//presite.mediapart.fr/presse-en-debat/pouvoir-et-independance/02122007/le-prix-de-la-liberte.htmlhttp://%20http//www.observatoiredesmedias.com/2008/02/28/press-ownership-dans-the-observatory-of-the-medias/http://%20http//www.observatoiredesmedias.com/2008/02/28/press-ownership-dans-the-observatory-of-the-medias/http://%20http//www.observatoiredesmedias.com/2008/02/28/press-ownership-dans-the-observatory-of-the-medias/http://www.mondaynote.com/2009/11/15/young-readers-already-hooked-on-subsidies/http://www.mondaynote.com/2009/11/15/young-readers-already-hooked-on-subsidies/


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.6 Italy: An unfnished transitionNicola Bruno

T I

p p , p w-

b f f . A-

f RpL (2011),

I f $28.8 b 2010, p

p () f 2.3% f p p 2006

2010. A f ($13,333.8 ) f w b

(b b) , w b p

f I . T pp f f, f $2.6 b 2009.

Rather than competing with legacy media players, startups are carving outroles to become their allies, as in the UK.

A very small sta that works both in content production and in new busi-

ness seems to be the most eicient.

Very low operating costs that mostly cover personnel costs and, to a lesser

extent, research and development are the norm. This includes work that is

organised to take advantage o partnerships with outside companies or

speciic skills (graphics, design, programming).

Several have taken the decision not to use advertising to inance their edito-

rial initiatives, as in France.

Startups are working on the development o high value-added products

that may be o interest to both media and non-media companies.

There are highly diversiied sources o revenue that range rom providing

content to training, special products and organisation o events.

The journalistic startup scene is potentially thwarted by retardedness in

Internet penetration, particularly compared to other European countries

The cases included:Formica Blu, China Files, Eecinque, Varese News, News

3.0, YouReporter and FpS Media.


65/135


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80.9% f pp f , 29.5% f

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(56.4%), pp ( p f p) b

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TABLE 2.6.1: T f f

Media % o the population

TV 80,9

Radio 56,4

Newspaper 47,7

Weekly and Monthly Magazines 46,5

Online Media Outlets 29,5

Source: Censis 11

T b f b f f

. A b b b,

f 57%. I b (6.5%f ), b b

p p (+14.5%), pp/

z b f .

TABLE 2.6.2: I , J.D. 2011

MediaAdvertising spending

(2011)Market share

(2011)Growth

(2011 v. 2010)

Television 3,685 m 57.8% -3.2%

Newspapers 971 m 15.2% -8.2%

Magazines 636 m 10.0% -2.8%

Radio 452 m 7.1% -7.1%

Internet 412 m 6.5% 14.5%

Outdoor 177 m 2.8% -10.8%

Other 38 m 0.6% -15.7%

Total 6,371 m 100% -3.6%

Source: Zenith Optimedia (all fgures in current Euros)


66/135


A Ep (L N, 2010), p

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b f pp b f .

A b f j pp

b b

p I (S 2006). A b b, -

f pp I (C S

Rpbb) p b 3 4

f p .

TABLE 2.6.3: N p . O q

Newspaper Newsstand copies sold per day* Online unique visitors per day **

Repubblica 406,803 1,707.388

Corriere della Sera 440,424 1,366.966

La Stampa 238,513 451,863

Il Sole 24 Ore 170,010 331,051

Il Giornale 176,561 190,815

Sources: * Ads February 11 ** Audiweb, powered by Nielsen June 11

T b 2006, Rpbb.

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67/135


p D M: I (2011): R- p f p

ff j f f, p

x f. () A, z

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Between the digital divide and survival o the ttest

Dp f p Ep

( E, 21.3% f pp

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b f I I f

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TABLE 2.6.4: I, p 10 b J 2011


Google 24,039,000

Facebook 20,836,000YouTube 16,742,000

MSN/WindowsLive/Bing 16,446,000

Virgilio 14,680,000

Yahoo! 14,092,000

Microsot 13,992,000

Libero 13,187,000

Wikipedia 12,363,000

Blogger 10,153,000

Source: Audiweb, powered by Nielsen, June 11.


68/135


If , b ,

b b j

p pp, L Rpbb, C S TGCOM (

b f M, b S B).

TABLE 2.6.5: I, p 10 b


La Repubblica 8,607,000

Corriere della Sera 7,895,000

TGCOM 6,029,000

Libero News 5,022,000

La Stampa.it 4,010,000ANSA 3,715,000

Quotidiano.net 3,354,000

Virgilio Notizie 2,383,000

Google News 2,000,186

Il Fatto Quotidiano 2,119,000

Source: Audiweb, powered by Nielsen June 11

Two exceptions and three innovationsI p j US p

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69/135


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70/135


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Small and exible: the news-agency model

H, ff f j p I b

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71/135


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p f b p, .

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p

j , b pf. YRp, z

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Common eatures

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b .

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f p , p ,

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p f f f p , p p f .


72/135


F p f , f b

q b pf f f Ep -p

S S (2012): T j -p

, q p, p w -

, , w

p b x (B N, 2012, p. 2).

References

Bruno, N. & Nielsen, R. (2012) S S J -

p W Ep, R I f S f J p://

.p.../b////--

--j-.Censis (2011) 9 Rpp C/U z p://www..

/5?_23=111859

Cheruini, F. (2011)1A I p , f

, w ?, E Wb p://www.

b./2011/04/06/---p----f-

------

Levy, D. and Nielsen, R. (2010) T C B f J

Ip f D, R I f S f Jp://.p.x../?=560

ReortLinker (2011) I: M I G p://.p.

/p0470332-/I-M-I-G.

Santoro, P. (2012) D q, I G p://.wp.

/2012/03/29/-q/

Sarti, M. ( 2011) Ib pb. S z. I -

f pf, Pb fz (2011 / 1)

Sorrentino, C. (2006) I p : zz fz,

C

Wider resources

Giomi, E. (2010) M Lp: I, Ep J C p://

.j./_p///

Maoleni, G., Vigevani, G. & Slendore, S. (2011) Mpp D M:

I, Op S F p://..///

_pb/pb/pp----20111010
http://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/about/news/item/article/survival-is-success-new-risj-chal.htmlhttp://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/about/news/item/article/survival-is-success-new-risj-chal.htmlhttp://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/about/news/item/article/survival-is-success-new-risj-chal.htmlhttp://

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