characteristics of effective teachers presented by paul r. vaughn, associate dean umc college of...
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Teaching For DummiesTRANSCRIPT
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Characteristicsof
Effective Teachers
presented byPaul R. Vaughn, Associate Dean
UMC College of Agriculture
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A Pedagogical Package
For the Neophyte
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Teaching
For Dummies
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Before we start . . .
“It’s a damn poor man who can’t think of at least two ways to spell the same word.”
-- Mark Twain
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Humor? Enthusiasm? Charisma? Speaking Ability? Knowledge?
Effective Teachers
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Investigators have known for years! Rosenshine & Furst
– 1970’s Meta-Analysis (Summary)
– Correlations between CHARACTERISTICS of TEACHERS and STUDENT PERFORMANCE
– Personal experience has reinforced these findings
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#1 -- Clarity Highest correlation
with student achieve-ment scores
Ability to explain concepts clearly
Or to answer questions intelligently
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How do you develop CLARITY? Start with organization and planning
– Direct correlation between time spent on planning and effectiveness of lesson
– Develop goals or objectives• Use to develop major topics and subtopics• Use to develop detailed course
syllabus• Share syllabus. . .refer to it often
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Exhibiting CLARITYin your presentations Suggestions:
– VISUALIZE!– Give preliminary outline of lecture– Outline major points. ..visually– Use headings/subheadings– Give concrete examples of concepts– Give multiple examples– Point out practical applications
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Exhibiting CLARITY in your presentations
More suggestions:– Stress important points– Repeat difficult ideas– Ask questions to ensure topic is
understood– Signal transition to new topic– Explain how each topic fits
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#2 -- Variability Variety in:
– Teaching Method– Instructional Materials– Types of Teaching
Devices– Tests
Most Common Teaching Method? Variety more important than method
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Variability “T” Approach
KeyPoints
1. ----------
2. -----------
Method/Technique1. PowerPoint Presentation
2. Case Study
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#3. Enthusiasm! Vigor and power of instructor
– Positively related to student performance
– Alert better than apathetic; stimulating better than dull
Measures of enthusiasm– Involvement– Excitement regarding subject matter
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Exhibiting Enthusiasm Easiest characteristic to
improve Start by acting enthusiastic!
– Speak expressively or emphatically– Move about while lecturing– Use gestures with hands and arms– Show facial expressions– DON’T read lecture verbatim from notes!
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IV. Task Oriented/Business- Like Behavior Businesslike means
responsible, steady, systematic, poised– Take teaching seriously
Task Oriented means:– Concerned about students attaining
objectives– Encouraging class to work hard
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Task Oriented . . State course objectives Proceed at rapid rate
– Don’t drag on and on– Do not digress from theme of lecture
Provide sample exam questions
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V. Positive Reinforcement Doesn’t just work
on students Easy to do!
– Positive written comments
– Positive spokencomments
– Use of student ideas
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VI. Student Opportunity to Learn
Ridiculously simple:– Were students taught
what they need in order to answer questions on test?
– Did material on test match what was taught in class?
– Often does not• Study of 300,000 students• Great variety
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Student Opportunity . . . Correlations between student
opportunity to learn and achievement are always:– Positive– Significant– Consistent
Reason for writing objectives– Easy to check if objectives match test
questions
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VII. Humor Lowest relationship
– Consistentlypositive
– Believed to be amotivating factor
• Develops interest• Shows professor is enjoying him/herself• Makes learning fun!
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Characteristics of Effective Teachers Clarity Variability Enthusiasm Task/Oriented-Businesslike Positive Reinforcement Student Opportunity to Learn Humor
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Performance Vs. Evaluation Characteristics are related to
student performance How about relationship with
student evaluations?– Clarity, Enthusiasm Variability, Humor – VERY Strong Relationship (R2 = .90)
Student Ratings
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What does this mean? Students learn best
from teachers who exhibit:
– Clarity– Variability– Enthusiasm– Humor
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What else does this mean? Students give the highest
ratings to teachers who exhibit:– Clarity– Variability– Enthusiasm– Humor