Nutrition

Chapters 8, 9, & 10Nutrition

Chapter 8 Food and NutritionFOOD SUPPLYFood provides your body with nutrients. These substances your body needs to regulate body functions, promote growth, repair body tissues, and obtain energy. Your body requires 40 different nutrients to accomplish these tasks. The process by which the body takes in and uses these nutrients is called metabolism.FOOD SUPPLY ENERGYWhen your body uses the nutrients in foods, a series of chemical reactions occur inside your cells as a result energy is released. Metabolism is a chemical process by which your body breaks down food to release energy. The amount of energy released when nutrients are broken down is measured by calories.

The 6 Basic Nutrientsnutrients% of daily food intakecarbohydrates40%proteins35 %vitamins, minerals, and water15 %fats10 %

CARBOHYDRATES: supply energy for your bodySIMPLECARBOHYDRATESALSO KNOWN AS SugarFound in fruits, vegetables and milk .It provides energy for your body cells.COMPLEXCARBOHYDRATESSTARCHESFound in potatoes, rice and grains.Your body breaks these down to simple sugar.FIBERFound in cereals, whole grain, veggies, nuts and beans.Prevents constipations, colon cancer, and heart disease.

YOUR BODYS ENERGY RESERVEExtra carbohydrates that your body does not use create extra glucose. If you eat too many CARBOHYDRATES, and the GLYCOGEN stores are full the excess carbohydrates are stored as FAT.

Fats supply your body with energy, form your cells, maintain body temperature and protect your nerves.

FATS

Function of Protein: GROW AND REPAIR BODY TISSUE

vitamins and mineralsVitamins: Nutrients made by living things and assist in chemical reactions.Minerals: Nutrients that occur naturally in the rocks and soil the body only needs small amounts of these.Vitamin AHealthy bone growth , skin teeth and hairFish, Eggs, Mushrooms, Carrots, Spinach and green leafy vegetables, Sweet potatoesVitamin KAids in blood clottingGreen leafy vegetables, potatoes, liverVitamin BNerve function, promotes metabolism, promotes healthy skinwater soluble vitaminsLentils, Chicken liver, Green leafy veggies, Milk, yogurt and other milk products, Bananas, Eggs, Almonds, pecans Vitamin DBone growth and calcium absorptionFatty fish, fortified soy milk, Mushrooms, Fortified dairy products, Egg yolksfat soluble vitamins Vitamin E maintenance of red blood cellsPeanuts, Broccoli, Mango, Almonds, Tomato, Kiwi, Sunflower oil/seedsFolic AcidAids in formation of red blood cells and proteinGreen leafy vegetables and legumesCalciumBuild and maintain bones and teeth, nerve function and blood clottingMilk and milk products, dark green leafy vegetables, tofu, legumesSodiumMaintain water balance and nerve functionMINERALSTable salt and processed food PhosphorusBuilds and maintains bone and teethMeat, eggs, poultry, fish legumes, milk and milk productsMagnesiumBuilds bones and protein, energy metabolism and muscle contractionLeafy green vegetables, legumes, nuts, whole grain foodsPotassiumMaintains water balance, and makes protein, function of the heart and nervous systemVegetables, fruits, meat, poultry and fishChlorineHelps maintain water balance and digestionTable salt, processed food and soy saucefat soluble vitaminswater soluble vitaminsMINERALSMinerals deficiency Osteoporosis lack of calcium resulting in weak and brittle bonesAnemia lack of iron resulting in the person becoming tired and weak easily

All of your bodys processes require water!You can lose 6-8 cups of water during every hour of exercise!

Dehydration is serious reduction in the bodys water contentSymptoms include weakness, rapid breathing and weak heart beatNow... Figure out how many ounces of water you should drink every day!YOUR BODY WEIGHT = __________ / 2 = __________ OUNCES OF WATER YOU SHOULD DRINK EXAMPLEYOUR BODY WEIGHT = 140 / 2 = 70 OUNCES OF WATER YOU SHOULD DRINKWATERPOP vs. WATERWhat do you drink???

Do you know how it can help or hinder your daily activities?

Lets find out

Water75% of Americans are chronically dehydrated. In 37% of Americans, the thirst mechanism is so weak that it is mistaken for hunger. One glass of water will shut down midnight hunger pains for almost 100% of the dieters studied in a University of Washington study. Lack of water, the #1 trigger of daytime fatigueA mere 2% drop in body water can trigger fuzzy short-term memory, trouble with basic math, and difficulty focusing on the computer screen or on a printed page. Drinking 5 glasses of water daily decreases the risk of colon cancer by 45%, plus it can slash the risk of breast cancer by 79%., and one is 50% less likely to develop bladder cancer.

CokeIn many states the highway patrol carries two gallons of Coke in the trunk to remove blood from the highway after a car accident. To clean a toilet: Pour a can of Coca-Cola into the toilet bowl and let the 'real thing' sit for one hour, then flush clean. The citric acid in Coke removes stains from china.To remove rust spots from chrome car bumpers: Rub the bumper with a rumpled-up piece of Reynolds Wrap aluminum foil dipped in Coca-Cola. To clean corrosion from car battery terminals: Pour a can of Coca-Cola over the terminals to bubble away the corrosion. To loosen a rusted bolt: Apply a cloth soaked in Coca-Cola to the rusted bolt for several minutes.

Coke#1 the active ingredient in Coke is phosphoric acid. It will dissolve a nail in about four days. Phosphoric acid also leaches calcium from bones and is a major contributor to the rising increase of osteoporosis.

#2. To carry Coca-Cola syrup! (the concentrate) the commercial trucks must use a hazardous Material place cards reserved for highly corrosive materials.

#3. The distributors of Coke have been using it to clean engines of the trucks for about 20 years!

WHAT DO YOU PUT IN YOUR BODY?Gatorade vs waterarticleWater challenge

mouthlivergallbladderLarge intestineappendixanusesophogusstomachpancreasSmall intestinerectum

Lab TimeHow long is the small and large intestine?Small is 20 feetLarge is 5 feet Lets get a visual

How does digestion work?Be ready to see how food travels through the bodyWill need volunteers

Excretory systemThe process by which the body collects and removes wastes

Find the functionsKidney produce urine by filtering wasteUreter carries urine from kidneys to the bladderBladder stores urineUrethra urine travels through urethra to exit body

MY PLATE

Complete page 8 and 9 in your packet Think * Pair * Share

Why do people eat?

UNIT 4 PART 2BMR: The rate at which you use energy when your body is at rest

Evaluating your food choice use page 222 in your book to complete the bottom of page 1 in the packethttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oSd0keSj2W8

What it says What it means. FreeFat freeContains less than .5g fatSugar freeContains less than .5g of sugarLow in Low in CaloriesContains less than 40 caloriesLow in SodiumContains less than 140 mg of sodiumHigh in High in Vitamin COne serving provides 20% or more of the daily LightContains 50% less fat or at least 1/3 fewer caloriesExcellent source of One serving provides 20% or more of the daily value of calciumMay reduce your risk of heart diseaseCan appear on fiber containing grain products, fruits and veggies Weight and ManagementOverweight: BMI over 30Health RisksHigh Blood Pressure/CholesterolDiabetesHeart Disease, stroke, certain cancersMore people are overweight because their calorie consumption has increased and their calorie usage has decreased.

Underweight: BMI under 14Health Risks AnemiaHeart irregularitiesTrouble regulating body temperature

Think *pair*shareHealthy Weight Management

An average person needs 2500calories to have enough energy to perform daily tasks.Any additional calories taken beyond those required for their BMR can be stored as fat_.

1 pound = 3500 calories

If a person wants to lose 1 pound, they must BURN or use 3500 calories.If a person wants to gain 1 pound, they must CONSUME 3500 extra calories above their BMR.

The healthiest way to lose weight is to lose 1 to 2 pounds a week.In order to lose 1 pound a week you must reduce your calorie intake by 500 calories a day.Complete the word problems at bottom of page in the packet.

Use the % Daily Value (% DV) column: 5% DV or less is low, and 20% DV or more is high. Keep these low: saturated and trans fats, cholesterol, and sodium.Get enough of these: potassium and fiber, vitamins A, C, and D, calcium, and iron.Check the calories: 400 or more calories per serving of a single food item is high. Food Label on page 6 of packet http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G0O87gWv-Xk Plain yogurtVanilla yogurtApple slicesFrench friesServing size1 cup1cup1 bag68gCalories in container(140*4)560(230*4)92035210%DV saturated fat0%25%0%8%%DV calcium50%30%2%0%%DV sodium7%5%6%6%Junk Food Junkie Activity

Dining Out Activity

Healthy Choices

In the News

Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1985(*BMI 30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight)No Data