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Sadker/Zittleman, Teachers, Schools, and Society, Ninth Edition. © 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
TEACHERS, SCHOOLS,AND SOCIETYNINTH EDITION
DAVID MILLER SADKERKAREN R. ZITTLEMAN
The History of American Education7
Sadker/Zittleman, Teachers, Schools, and Society, Ninth Edition. © 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF AMERICA’S SCHOOLS
Middle/High Schools(1950s-Present)
1600 1700 1800 1900 2000
Dame Schools(1600)
Local Schools(1600s-1800s)
Tutors(1600-1900)
Itinerant Schools(1700s)
Private Schools(1700s-1800s)
Common Schools(1830-Present)
Latin Grammar Schools(1600s-1700s)
English Grammar Schools(1700s)
Academies(1700s-1800s)
High Schools(1800s-Present)
Junior High Schools(1909-Present)
7.1
Sadker/Zittleman, Teachers, Schools, and Society, Ninth Edition. © 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
EDUCATIONAL MILESTONES
Seventeenth CenturyInformal family education, apprenticeships, dame schools, tutors
1635Boston Latin Grammar School
1636Harvard College
1647Old Deluder Satan Law
1687-1890New England Primer published
Eighteenth CenturyDevelopment of a national interest in education, state responsibility for education, growth in secondary education
1740South Carolina denies education to blacks
1751Opening of the Franklin Academy in Philadelphia
1783Noah Webster’s American Spelling Book
1785, 1787Land Ordinance Act, Northwest Ordinance
Source: Compiled from Edward King, Salient Dates in American Education, 1635-1964 (New York: Harper & Row, 1966); National Center for Education Statistics, U.S. Department of Education, Digest of Education Statistics, 1994.
7.2
Sadker/Zittleman, Teachers, Schools, and Society, Ninth Edition. © 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
EDUCATIONAL MILESTONES (Continued)
Nineteenth CenturyIncreasing role of public secondary schools, increased but segregated education for women and minorities, attention to the field of education and teacher preparation
1821Emma Willard’s Troy Female Seminary opens, first endowed secondary school for girls
1821First public high school opens in Boston
1823First (private) normal school opens in Vermont
1827Massachusetts requires public high schools
1837Horace Mann becomes secretary of board of education in Massachusetts
1839First public normal school in Lexington, Massachusetts
1855First kindergarten (German language) in United States
1862Morrill Land Grant College Act
1874Kalamazoo case (legalizes taxes for high schools)
1896Plessy v. Ferguson Supreme Court decision supporting racially separate but equal schools
Source: Compiled from Edward King, Salient Dates in American Education, 1635-1964 (New York: Harper & Row, 1966); National Center for Education Statistics, U.S. Department of Education, Digest of Education Statistics, 1994.
7.3
Sadker/Zittleman, Teachers, Schools, and Society, Ninth Edition. © 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
EDUCATIONAL MILESTONES (Continued)
Twentieth CenturyIncreasing federal support for educational rights of poor, females, minorities, and disabled; increased federal funding of specific (categorical) education programs
1909First junior high school in Berkeley, California
1919Progressive education programs
1932New Deal education programs
1944G.I. Bill of Rights
1954Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka Supreme Court decision outlawing racial segregation in schools
1957Sputnik leads to increased federal education funds
1958National Defense Education Act funds science, math, and foreign language programs
1964-1965Job Corps and Head Start are funded
Source: Compiled from Edward King, Salient Dates in American Education, 1635-1964 (New York: Harper & Row, 1966); National Center for Education Statistics, U.S. Department of Education, Digest of Education Statistics, 1994.
7.4
Sadker/Zittleman, Teachers, Schools, and Society, Ninth Edition. © 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
EDUCATIONAL MILESTONES (Continued)
Twentieth Century (continued)
1964-1965Job Corps and Head Start are funded
1972Title IX prohibits sex discrimination in schools
1975, 1991Public Law 94-142, Education for All Handicapped Children Act (renamed the Individuals with Disabilities in Education Act), is passed
1979Cabinet-level Department of Education is established
2001No Child Left Behind Act calls for state standards and annual testing
7.5
Source: Compiled from Edward King, Salient Dates in American Education, 1635-1964 (New York: Harper & Row, 1966); National Center for Education Statistics, U.S. Department of Education, Digest of Education Statistics, 1994.
Sadker/Zittleman, Teachers, Schools, and Society, Ninth Edition. © 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
DIVERSITY AND EDUCATION
Group Key Points
African Americans
Arab Americans
Asian/Pacific Americans
European Americans
Hispanics
Native Americans
Women and Girls
Other(s)
7.6
Student Generated Responses
Sadker/Zittleman, Teachers, Schools, and Society, Ninth Edition. © 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
THE GROWTH OF THE U.S. SCHOOL
Year
14 to 17 Year-Olds in School
(Percentage of Total)
1890 6.7
1910 15.4
1930 51.4
1950 76.8
1970 92.7
1980 91.0
1990 94.0
2000 95.7
2010 95.9Source: Projections of Education Statistics to 2010, U.S. Department of Education, Office of Educational Research and Improvement.
7.7
Sadker/Zittleman, Teachers, Schools, and Society, Ninth Edition. © 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
JOHN DEWEY QUOTATION
To “learn from experience” is to make a
backward and forward connection between
what we do to things and what we enjoy or
suffer from things in consequence.
Source: Some Favorite Quotes from John Dewey, http://cuip.uchicago.edu/~cac/dewey.html.
7.8
Sadker/Zittleman, Teachers, Schools, and Society, Ninth Edition. © 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
SELECTED FEDERAL LEGISLATION
1785, 1787 LAND ORDINANCE ACT AND NORTHWEST ORDINANCE
1862, 1890 MORRILL ACTS (LAND GRANT COLLEGES)
1917 SMITH-HUGHES ACT
1944 SERVICEMEN’S READJUSTMENT ACT (G.I. BILL)
1958 NATIONAL DEFENSE EDUCATION ACT (NDEA)
1964-1965 PROJECT HEAD START
1965 ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY EDUCATION ACT (ESEA)
1968 BILINGUAL EDUCATION ACT
1972 TITLE IX (OF THE EDUCATION AMENDMENTS)
1975 INDIVIDUALS WITH DISABILITIES EDUCATION ACT (IDEA)
2001 NO CHILD LEFT BEHIND ACT
7.9
Sadker/Zittleman, Teachers, Schools, and Society, Ninth Edition. © 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
U.S. HISPANIC SUBGROUPS
Figure 7.1
Source: The Hispanic Population in the United States, U.S Census Bureau, June 2008.
7.10
Sadker/Zittleman, Teachers, Schools, and Society, Ninth Edition. © 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
ARAB AMERICANS BY ANCESTRY
Figure 7.2
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2000 special tabulation (www.census.gov/prod/cen2000/doc/sf4,pdf), issued July 2007.
7.11