Chapter TwoRegulating and Governing the

Internet

History of the Internet

• Packet switching– Breaks messages into fixed-sized units or packages

and labels each package with its origin and destination

• ARPANET• Milnet• NSFNET

History of the Internet (2)

• Interaction between ARPANET and MILNET = the Internet

• The term “Internet” first used in 1974• Commercialization and global diffusion during

1980’s and 1990’s

Current Architecture

• TCP/IP– Enables complete interoperability

• Internet Protocol (IP) establishes unique numeric address

• Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) enables network communications

World Wide Web

• Invented by Tim Berners-Lee• Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)– Allows for hyperlinks, the essence of the Web

• Net Browsers

Electronic Commerce

• Benefits of e-commerce• Models– B2C (Amazon)– C2B (Priceline)– B2B (Ventro)– C2C (eBay)

Gatekeepers and Search Engines

• Browsers, Internet Service Providers (ISP’s), Portals

• Search Engines– Google’s dominance– Impartiality issues

Social Networking

• MySpace, Facebook, Buzz, Twitter• Facebook– Controversial real name principle

• Accountability Issues

Regulating the Net

• The Invisible Hand – Let the market fix problems like spam

• The Visible Hand• The Power of Code

Internet Governance

• World Wide Web Consortium• Internet Engineering Task Force• Domain Name System– Administered b y Network Solutions International

(NSI)– Hierarchical system divided into separate domains