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Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present
Chapter Outline
Chapter 28: The USSR, Italy, Germany and Japan in the Interwar Period
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I. Revolutions in Russia: 1917II. Revolutions in Russia: 1928-39III. FascismIV. Italy and MussoliniV. The German TragedyVI. Japan
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 28: The USSR, Italy, Germany and Japan in the Interwar Period
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I. Revolutions in Russia: 1917
A. The 1917 Revolution
Petrograd, strikes
Tsar Nicholas IIdismisses Duma, March 11
Duma> Provisional Committee
(Provisional Government)
Tsar, abdicates, March 15
Leon Trotsky
Mensheviks
Alexander Kerensky (1881-1970)Provisional Government
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 28: The USSR, Italy, Germany and Japan in the Interwar Period
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I. Revolutions in Russia: 1917
B. The “Bolshevik” Revolution
1917, Lenin returns
General Lavr Kornilov
March-October, 1917chaos
Military Revolution, November 6
Trotsky in
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 28: The USSR, Italy, Germany and Japan in the Interwar Period
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I. Revolutions in Russia: 1917
C. Power, Allies and Civil War
Constituent AssemblyJanuary, 1918Lenin dissolves
“Whites”anti-Bolsheviks
> Civil WarRed ArmyCheka
secret police
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
RomanovsJuly, 1918assassinated
by 1920, Whites defeated
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 28: The USSR, Italy, Germany and Japan in the Interwar Period
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I. Revolutions in Russia: 1917
D. Theory, Reality and the StateLenin
proletariat
StateRussian Socialist Federated Soviet
Republic1922- Union of Soviet Socialist
Republics
Politburo
Secretariat of the Central Committee
E. War Communism and the NEP1918-21 — “War Communism”
Marxist1921-1928 — New Economic Policy
F. Trotsky v. Stalin
Leon Trotsky (1879-1940)(Lev Davidovich Bronstein)Iskra
Joseph Stalin (1879-1953)(Joseph Vissarionovich
Dzhugashvili)apparatchiksLeninism, from 1924
1926 — Politburo purgedTrotsky assassinated in exile,
1940
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 28: The USSR, Italy, Germany and Japan in the Interwar Period
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II. Revolutions in Russia: 1928-39A. Stalin’s Economics
Collectivization of agricultureFive-year plans
B. War on the Peasantssovkhoz — state farmskolkhoz — collective farms
C. Five-Year Plans1929 — First
industrialization1933 — Second
gigantism
D. The Great Purges
E. Changes in Soviet SocietyAlexander Blok (1880-1921)Vladimir Mayakovsky (1893-1930)Sergei Eisenstein (1898-1948)Sergei Prokofiev (1891-1953)Dmitri Shostakovich (1906-75)
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 28: The USSR, Italy, Germany and Japan in the Interwar Period
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III. FascismA. Justifications
Social DarwinismHerbert Spencer (1820-1903)Joseph-Arthur de Gobineau
(1816-82)
Anglo-Saxon Movement
Pan-Germanic League
B. Modern Anti-Semitism
Heinrich von Treitschke (1834-96)
Pogroms
Protocols of the Elders of Zion
Theodor HerzlZionism1897 — Zionists conference
C. The End of Rationality
Benedetto CroceFriedrich Nietzche (1844-1900)
UbermenschGeorges Sorel (1847-1922)Houston Stewart Chamberlain
(1855-1927)Aryanism
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 28: The USSR, Italy, Germany and Japan in the Interwar Period
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IV. Italy and MussoliniA. Benito Mussolini (1883-1945)
1912, editor of Avantipublishes Il Pòpolo d’Italiafasci di combattimento
B. Rise of FascismGabriele d’Annunzio (1863-1938)
1921 elections35 seats
> National Fascist Party, November
1922 — General Strikestopped by Mussolini
Victor Emmanuel IIIinvites Mussolini to form cabinetMussolini takes over
C. The Fascist State1928 — Lateran TreatyState capitalism
syndicates
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 28: The USSR, Italy, Germany and Japan in the Interwar Period
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V. The German TragedyA. The Weimar Republic
November, 1918Friederich Ebert, Social Democrats
German Communist Party, 1918from SpartacistsKarl LiebknechtRosa Luxemburg
1919 — Weimar ConstitutionField Marshal Paul von Hindenburg
1925 — President
B. Adolf Hitler (1889-1945)1920 — National Socialist German
Workers’ artyfrom German Workers’ partySturmabteilung (SA)adopt swastika
1923 — Hitler’s PutscharrestedMein Kampf
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V. The German TragedyC. Hitler’s Chance
Fuhrer1930 Elections
Nazi’s, 107 seatsJoseph Goebbels, propaganda
1932 — Hindenburg presidentHitler in coalition government
1933 — Hitler chancellorcalls for new electionsFebruary 27 — Reichstag Fire
Marinus van der Lubbe> Hitler wins
Enabling Actrule by decreeend of Weimar Republic
“Third Reich”Otto I— 962-1806Bismarck — 1871-1918
D. War on the Jews1935 — Nuremberg laws
November 9, 1938 — Kristallnacht
E. The Nazi ImpactGerman Youth
F. EconomyLabor Front“Strength Through Joy”
movement
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Chapter 28: The USSR, Italy, Germany and Japan in the Interwar Period
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VI. JapanA. After World War I
ero/guro/nonsense
Yosano AkikoYoshino Sakuz oHiratsuka RaichoTanizaki Jun’ichiroAkutagawa Ryonosake
Rashomon
Rice Riots
Zaibatsu
Taisho Demokurashii, 1905-1930Emperor Taisho (1912-
26)
B. Interwar Foreign PolicyManchuria
by 1932, Japan controls
Economic Crisis1923 — earthquake1929 — international
depression> Keynesianism
C. The Rise of Militarism1936 — Anti-Comintern Pact
GermanyItaly (1937)v. USSR
1940 — Tripartite Pactv. U.S.