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Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present
Chapter Outline
Chapter 17: Europe and the New World Economy, 1400–1650
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I. Capitalism
II. Absolutism: Louis XIV
III. The Gravitational Pull of French
Absolutism
IV. Holland and England
V. Breaking the Bank: Diplomacy and War,
1650–1774
VI. Louis XV and the Decline of Absolutism,
1715–1774
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 17: Europe and the New World Economy, 1400–1650
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I. Capitalism
A. Expanding Capitalism
BanksFuggers, AugsburgBank of Amsterdam, 1609Bank of England, 1694
Joint-stock Companies
East India Companies(English, Dutch, French)Austria, Prussia
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 17: Europe and the New World Economy, 1400–1650
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I. Capitalism
B. Free Enterprise
Capitalistic agricultureJethro Tull (1674–1741)
Charles Townshend (1674–1738)
Robert Bakewell (1725–95)Arthur Young (1741–1820)
Enclosure Act1750–1800 — 40–50,000
small farms lost
Domestic Systemfrom 1500
Lloyds of London, 1688
Stock ExchangesLondon, 1698Bourse, Paris, 1724
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 17: Europe and the New World Economy, 1400–1650
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I. Capitalism
C. Social Crises
Privileged ClassesFirst and Second Estates,
Franceless than 2%
Peasants, 80%French Third Estate
diverse
D. Protests, Riots, Rebellions1700s— 73 peasant rebellionsRussia, Pugachev revolt,
1773–75
1650 1700 1800
Europe 118 185
England 5 9
France 21 28
Russia 17 36
Italy 11 19
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 17: Europe and the New World Economy, 1400–1650
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II. Absolutism: Louis XIV
A. Foundations of AbsolutismJacques BossuetThomas Hobbes (1588–1679)
LeviathanLouis XIII
Marie de’ MediciLouis XIV (1643–1715)
Cardinal Richelieu (1585–1642)Cardinal Mazarin (1602–1661)
The Fronde (1649–1653)
B. The Mechanics of French Absolutism
VersaillesMercantilism
Jean-Baptiste Colbert (1619–83)Bullionism
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 17: Europe and the New World Economy, 1400–1650
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III. The Gravitational Pull of French Absolutism
A. The Germanic Satellites300 + Sovereign states
B. ScandinaviaFrederick III (1648–70), DenmarkCharles XI (1660–97), Sweden
C. IberiaWeak monarchies
Alfonso VI (1656–68), PortugalCharles II (1665–1700, Spain
PortugalPedro II (1683–1706)John V (1706–50)
SpainPhilip V (1700–46)
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 17: Europe and the New World Economy, 1400–1650
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III. The Gravitational Pull of French Absolutism
D. HabsburgsLeopold I (1657–1705)Maria Theresa (1740–80)
Count Haugwitz, Minister
E. Poland: The Last Medieval State
F. PrussiaHohenzollernsFrederick William (1640–88)Frederick I (1688–1713)Frederick William I (1713–40)
General Directorycivil servicesupreme courtnobles taxed
Frederick II (1740–86)
G. Russian Autocracy Peter I (1682–1725)
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 17: Europe and the New World Economy, 1400–1650
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G. Russian Autocracy Peter I (1682–1725)
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 17: Europe and the New World Economy, 1400–1650
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IV. Holland and England
A. The Dutch ExperimentJohn Oldenbarnveldt (1547–1619)
B. The English Debate (1603–88)James I (1603–25)
1628— Petition of Right1629–40 — no Parliament1640 — “Short Parliament”
“Long Parliament” — 20 years
C. Civil WarParliament v. RoyalistsOliver Cromwell (1599–1658)1646 — Charles king
1648— executedLevellers — outlawed“Rump Parliament”Cromwell, Lord ProtectorInstitute of Government, 1653
D. Restoration and the “Glorious Revolution”
Charles II (1660–85)James II (1685–88), Catholiccrown to Mary Stuart, William of
Orange= “Glorious Revolution”Bill of Rights
E. Whigs and ToriesHanoverians
George I (1714–27)George II (1727–60)
Robert WalpoleFirst Prime Minister
George III (1760–1820)Tories (conservatives)George Grenville (1712–70)
minister
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 17: Europe and the New World Economy, 1400–1650
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V. Breaking the Bank: Diplomacy and War,
1650–1774
A. Westphalia to Utrecht: The Dominance
of France
Great Northern War (1709–21)Russia v. Sweden
War of the Spanish Succession (1701–13)
Role of WomenSarah ChurchillMary of ModenaMadame de MaintenonPrincess des Ursins
Treaty of Utrecht (1713)Philip V, King of Spain
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 17: Europe and the New World Economy, 1400–1650
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V. Breaking the Bank: Diplomacy and War
B. From Utrecht to Paris: An Unstable Balance
1739—1748— “War of Jenkins’s Ear”
Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle, 1748
1756–1763— Seven Years’ WarPeace of Paris, 1763
France loses North American lands
C. Economic Challenges
Mercantilismsmugglers
often 50%+ of imports
Crisis of Public FinanceBritain, state debt 13 m pounds
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 17: Europe and the New World Economy, 1400–1650
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VI. Louis XV and the Decline of Absolutism,
1715–1774
Louis XV (1715–74)Cardinal Fleur, ministerMadame de Pompadour
Jeanne-Antoinette Poisson
Debtinterest: 50%+ of income