chapter 9 the executive branch and the federal bureaucracy
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Chapter 9 The Executive Branch and the Federal Bureaucracy. . To Accompany Comprehensive, Alternate, and Texas Editions American Government: Roots and Reform , 10th edition Karen O’Connor and Larry J. Sabato Pearson Education, 2009. The Roots of Bureaucracy. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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To Accompany Comprehensive, Alternate, and Texas Editions
American Government: Roots and Reform, 10th edition
Karen O’Connor and Larry J. Sabato
Pearson Education, 2009
Chapter 9
The Executive Branch and the Federal
Bureaucracy
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The Roots of Bureaucracy Foreign Affairs, War, Treasury first departments, AND Office
of Attorney General(legal advisor)
Growth in early 1800s with Post Office due to westward
expansion – Major source of jobs
Patronage and the spoils system become common (What is
the key difference?)
Civil War spawns another expansion due to food distribution
problems – Department of Agriculture is created in 1862
Pension Office 1866
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Pendleton Act (1883) is beginning of civil service system in response to massive turnover when a new president was elected.Also known as merit system.Initiated by Garfield before assassination
Unfair business practices leads to creation of the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC)First independent regulatory commission.Railroad companies charging exorbinant rates
for freightMarks shift from service to regulatory
bureaucracy
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Twentieth-Century Bureaucracy
Growing number of cabinet departments. (regulation of
economic sphere)
Dept. of Commerce and Labor to oversee employer/employee
relationships (established under Theodore Roosevelt)
Divided into two separate depts by Wilson
Addressed problems associated with monopolies and poor
working conditions of employees
Federal Trade Commission (FTC) protect small business and
public from monopolistic corporations.
16th Amendment to support new federal agencies with funds
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Need for a larger government to support wars.Increase in manufacturingTax increases (have never fallen back to pre-war
levels)Veteran’s demands for services led to bigger
government (GI Bill - Educational loans and low mortgage rates through the Veterans’ Housing Authority(VHA)
Led to specifications in new home constructionAffordable middle-class housing was a new concept
New Deal and Great Society (LBJ and FDR)Focus on Pressing Social ProblemsEqual Employment Opportunity CommissionDepartment of Transportation Department of Housing and Urban Development
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Modern Bureaucracy
More than 2.7 million employees.
Most are selected based on merit.
Also have high-level appointees.
Wide variety of skills represented.
Less diverse than America.
Scattered throughout D.C. and regional offices.
Growth of outside contractors.
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Formal Organization
Cabinet departments handle broad, lasting issues.
Headed by secretaries.
Government corporations act like businesses.
Independent executive agencies handle services.
Narrower than Cabinet department, independent.
Independent regulatory commissions watch industry.
Designed to be free from partisan pressure.
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Government Workers and Politics
Hatch Act sets first boundaries.
Federal Employees Political Act is current
standard.
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Characteristics of Bureaucracy
Chain of command from top to bottom.
Division of labor.
Clear lines of authority.
Goal orientation.
Merit system.
Productivity.
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How the Bureaucracy Works
Congress creates agencies.
Main job is implementation of laws.
Policy made in iron triangles or issue networks.
Increasing use of interagency councils.
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Iron Triangles
Dept of Veteran Affairs
House Comm.On Vet’s Affairs
VFW,DAV,AmericanLegion
New G.I. Bill
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Issue Networks, PCC’s, and Interagency Councils
Dept of Veteran Affairs
House Comm.On Vet’s Affairs
VFW,DAV,AmericanLegion
Issue NetworksLawyers, academics,consultants
Interagency CouncilsOther DepartmentsAnd Agencies
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Making Policy
Administrative discretion allows a lot of latitude.
Rule-making is a quasi-legislative process.
Formal procedure for making regulations.
Administrative adjudication is quasi-judicial
process.
Used to settle disputes between two parties.
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Agency Accountability
Unclear who agencies should be accountable to.
Presidents try to make the right appointments.
Can also shape policy through executive orders.
Congress can use oversight powers and funding.
Police patrol v. fire alarm oversight.
Judiciary can review regulations.
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What is the Cartoonists point?
Which bureaucracyworks best?
What are theirmain priorities?
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AV- Growth of Government
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Figure 9.1- Civilian Employment
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Figure 9.2- Employee Characteristics
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Figure 9.3- Agency Regions
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Figure 9.4- The Executive Branch
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Figure 9.5- An Iron Triangle
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Figure 9.6- Rulemaking
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Table 9.1- FEPA
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Table 9.2- Agency Accountability
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