chapter 9: the computer industry: history, careers, and ethics 1 the computer industry: history,...
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Chapter 9: The Computer Industry: History, Careers, and
Ethics1
The Computer Industry: History, Careers, and Ethics
Chapter 9
Chapter 9: The Computer Industry: History, Careers, and Ethics
2
Computer History
• Manual Calculators• Mechanical Calculators• Computer Prototypes• Generations of Computers• Personal Computers
Chapter 9: The Computer Industry: History, Careers, and
Ethics4
Manual Calculators
Napier’s Bones (left) evolved into the slide rule (right).
Chapter 9: The Computer Industry: History, Careers, and
Ethics 7
Generations of Computers• UNIVAC
• First-generation computers
• Second-generation computers
Chapter 9: The Computer Industry: History, Careers, and
Ethics 8
Generations of Computers
• Third-generation computers
• Fourth-generation computers
Chapter 9: The Computer Industry: History, Careers, and
Ethics 9
Personal Computers
• MITS Altair• Apple I / Apple II• VisiCalc
Chapter 9: The Computer Industry: History, Careers, and
Ethics
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The Computer and IT Industries
• Industry Overview• Economic Factors• Product Development• Market Share• Marketing Channels• Industry Regulation
Chapter 9: The Computer Industry: History, Careers, and
Ethics
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Industry Overview
• Computer industry
• Information technology industry
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Ethics
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Industry Overview
• Dot coms
• Silicon Valley
• Outsourcing
• Offshoring
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Ethics 13
Economic Factors
• The IT industry is dynamic, prosperous, and economically beneficial, even though the Dot com bubble burst
• Population growth along with theInternet has contributed to business globalization
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Market Share
• Companies are classified into market tiers
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Marketing Channels
At Dell’s Web site, customerscan order a custom-built computer by simply clicking to add various hardware options.
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Ethics 19
Marketing Channels
• Value-added resellers (VARs)
• Consumers can benefit from a variety of channels
• Channel conflict
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Ethics 20
Industry Regulation• Some aspects regulated by
government agencies
• Most IT industry leadersoppose further regulation
Chapter 9: The Computer Industry: History, Careers, and
Ethics 21
Careers for Computer Professionals
• Jobs• Education and Certification• Job Hunting Basics• Resumes and Web Portfolios• Job Listings
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JobsInformation Systems department
– Chief Information Officer
– Systems Analyst
– Computer Programmer
– Security Specialist
– Database Administrator
– Network Specialist/Administrator
– Computer Operator
– Technical Support Specialist
– Web site designer
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and Ethics23
Jobs
• Outside the IS department– Technical Writer
– Computer Salesperson
– Quality Assurance Specialist
– Computer Engineer
– Manufacturing Technician
• Be willing to train and retrain as new skills are needed to work with emerging technologies
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Ethics
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Jobs
• Contract workers
• Telecommuting
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Ethics
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Education and Certification• Computer engineering• Computer science• Information systems• Information technology• Software engineering• The Peterson’s Web site is a comprehensive resource for educational
services– www.petersons.com
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Ethics 26
Education and Certification• Certificates of completion are available to students who successfully
complete one or more courses on a specified topic• A certification exam is an objective test that verifies your level of
knowledge– General computer knowledge– Software applications– Database administration– Networking– Computer hardware– Computer security
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Ethics 27
Resumes and Web Portfolios
• Web portfolio
• Multimedia presentations
• Personal Web site
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Ethics28
Professional Ethics
• Ethics Basics• IT Ethics• Ethical Decision Making• Whistleblowing
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Ethics 29
Ethics Basics
• Professional ethics
• Laws try to promote ethical behavior
• Ethical values apply to any career field
• Ethical decisions can vary from one field to another
Chapter 9: The Computer Industry: History, Careers, and
Ethics 30
IT Ethics• Some situations require computer professionals make
ethical decisions
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Ethics 31
IT Ethics
• Confidentiality
• Personal activities
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Ethics
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IT Ethics
• Security
• Software test cycles
• Responsibility for user’s actions?
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Ethics33
Whistleblowing
• What is it?
• What happens to them?
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Ethics34
Whistleblowing• Before whistleblowing:
– Examine your motives– Try the normal chain of command– Collect evidence to back up your accusations– Record events as they unfold– Act ethically– Be ready to accept repercussions– Establish a support network– Consult a lawyer– Consider your strategy
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Work Area Safety and Ergonomics
• Radiation Risks• Repetitive Stress Injuries• Eye Strain• Back Pain• Sedentary Lifestyle
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Radiation Risks
• Every electronic device emits some type of radiation
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Ethics 37
Radiation Risks
• CRTs and LCD screens emit radiation
• Cell phones emit RF energy
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Ethics38
Repetitive Stress Injuries
• Repetitive Stress Injury (RSI)
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Ethics 39
Repetitive Stress Injuries
• Ergonomics
Chapter 9: The Computer Industry: History, Careers, and
Ethics 40
Eye Strain
• Computer use can affect eyes
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Ethics
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Eye Strain
• Use an external keyboard and mouse
• Adjust screen resolution
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Ethics 42
Back Pain
• Back pain
• Relax so that tense muscles don’t generate headaches and stiffness
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Ethics43
Sedentary Lifestyle
• People who live and work in digital cultures tend to spend many hours each day sitting
• Get up, stretch, move