chapter 9 skin disorders
TRANSCRIPT
Skin: disorders & diseases
Dermatologist V. Estheticians
-Estheticians’ work provides great benefits (important to identify to protect from getting something contagious)
BUT
leave diagnosis/treatment to dermatologists(esp. if severe)
Lesion
any mark, symptom, or abnormality -structural change in tissue -caused by damage or injury -very general term
3 types:primary, secondary, tertiary
primary
l
Lesions
BullaCyst
MaculePapulePustule
TubercleTumor
VesiclesWheal
*9 types
Primary: Bulladef: large blister w/ fluid
Bulla=Big Blister
Primary: Vesicledef: small blister w/ fluid
poison ivy
vesicle is a small enclosure
vesicle=small blister
Primary: CyStclosed, abnormally developed sac
above or below skin
Primary: Maculediscoloration
flat
Macule has freckles
any discoloration that is flat=macule
Primary: Papulepimple
no fluidmay develop pus
Papule
Primary: Pustuleinflamed pimple
=inflamed papule
WITHpus (white/yellow center)
*fluid contains bacteria, debris from infection
PUSTULE
about to BUST
Primary: tuberclerounded, solid lump
abnormallarger than papule
Primary: tumorabnormal cell mass
because cells abnormally multiply
tumors
Primary: wheal(aka welt)
itchy, swollencause: allergy, insect bite
Wheal
secondary
l
Lesionsdevelop in later stages of disease
CrustExcoriation
FissureKeloidScaleScarUlcer
*7 types
secondarY: CRUSTdead cells
over wound/blemish while healing
ex: scab
CRUST(scab)
secondarY: Excoriationsore/abrasionby scratching/scraping
ex: acne excoriee (client scrapes off acne)
excoriation
acne excoriee
secondarY: Fissurecrack in skin
goes deeper than outside layer of skin (dermis)
ex: chapped lips, hands
Fissurechapped or very dry
Fissure=crack
secondarY: keloidthick scar
excessive growth of callagen after injury
Keloids
secondarY: scaleflaky skin cells
on dermisdry or oily
ex: dandruff
scales
secondarY: scarforms after lesion/injury heals
light coloredtissue hardens
scar
secondarY: ulceropen lesionloss of skin depth,
from infection or cancer
mouth, stomach, etc.
Ulcer
sebaceous glandsexcrete OIL
sebaceous glandsDisorders
AcneAsteatosisComedoneFuruncle
MiliaRosacea
Sebaceous hyperplasiasSeborrheaStreatoma
oil(sebaceous)Gland: ACNEchronic
inflammation of oil glands
characterized by blemishes/comedones(blackheads)from infection or cancer
mouth, stomach, etc.
oil(sebaceous)Gland: Asteatosisdry, scaly skin
lack of sebum(oily substance)
causes: harsh soaps, cold exposure, aging, etc.
characterized by blemishes/comedones(blackheads)from infection or cancer
mouth, stomach, etc.
oil(sebaceous)Gland: comedoneblackhead
skin cells & hardened oil clogging pore
dark b/c exposed to oxygenfrom infection or cancer
mouth, stomach, etc.
oil(sebaceous)Gland: furuncleboil
subcutaneous(under dermis)filled with pus
caused by bacteria from hair follicles
mouth, stomach, etc.ca
they really hurt!
whiteheadsoil & dead cells under skin
more common with dry skinfrom infection or cancer
mouth, stomach, etc.
oil(sebaceous)Gland: milia
oil(sebaceous)Gland: rosaceachronic redness
on cheeks and noseaggravated by heat, alcohol, stress, sun, caffeine
mouth, stomach, etc.
rosacea
oil(sebaceous)Gland: sebaceous h Hyperplasias
overgrowth of sebaceous glandbenign lesions
oily areasonly surgically removed
characterized by blemishes/comedones(blackheads)from infection or cancer
mouth, stomach, etc.
Hyper=?Very/over (ex: hyperactive)
Plasia=?growth
Subaceous Hyperplasia=oil gland overgrowth!
oil(sebaceous)Gland: seborrheasevere oiliness
ending -”orrhea”=flow or discharge
therefore: seborrhea=oil overflow!!!
oil(sebaceous)Gland: steatomaoil cyst (sebaceous cyst)
size: pea to orange
appears on scalp, neck, backfrom infection or cancer
mouth, stomach, etc.
sudoriferous glandsexcrete SWEAT
sudoriferous glandsDisorders
AnhidrosisBromhidrosisHyperhidrosisMilaria rubra
sweat(sudoriferous)Gland: Anhidrosis
deficiency in perspirationbecause of fever or skin disease
required medical treatment
characterized by blemishes/comedones(blackheads)from infection or cancer
mouth, stomach, etc.
An=?not or without
Hidrosis=?sweating
Anhidrosis=without sweat
sweat Gland: bromhidrosis
bad smelling perspiration
armpits or feet
brom=odor
hidrosis=?
Bromhidrosis=foul-smelling sweat (odor sweat)
sweat(sudoriferous)Gland: hyperhidrosis
over-sweating
becuase of heat or body weakness
hyper=over/too much
hyperhidrosis=over sweating
sweat Gland: Milaria Rubra
inflammation of sweat glands=heat(sweat) rash!
itching, burning skin from excessive heat exposure
red vesicles(blisters) erupt
heat rash=miliaria rubra
inflammations of the skin
Atopic dermatitiscontact dermatitis
dermatitiseczema
what is dermatitis?skin inflammation
could bea lesion, pimple, blister
=lesion, papule, vesicle or bulla
“itis”=inflammationderma=skin
atopic dermatitis
chronically relapsing for personcommon in people with allergies
reacts to environment(chemicals in food, air, etc.)
not contagioustype of eczema
type of Eczema
contact dermatitisallergic reaction to substance/chemical
by “contact” with allergen *wear gloves
ring example
contactdermatitis
Edema=swellingfluid beneath skin
Edema
Erythemaredness caused by inflammation
“ery”=a condition/state of
Herpes simplexfever blisters or cold sores
virus
contagiousvesicles on lips
perioral dermatitisacne around the mouth
not contagious, antibiotics may help
psoriasisred patched with white scales
scalp, elbows, knees, chest, back
Pigmentation disorders-----------------------------------------------------------------------
----hyper=too muchhypo=too little
increased pigmentationliver spots
characterized by blemishes/comedones(blackheads)from infection or cancer
mouth, stomach, etc.
hyperpigmentation disorders: Chloasma
hyperpigmentation disorders:
Lentigenes
frecklesmay be because of sun exposure
macules
characterized by blemishes/comedones(blackheads)from infection or cancer
mouth, stomach, etc.
hyperpigmentation disorders: MELASMA
TERM FOR HYPERPIGMENTATION
pregnancy mask=tan b/c of hormone changes
characterized by blemishes/comedones(blackheads)from infection or cancer
mouth, stomach, etc.
hyperpigmentation disorders:
Nevus
birthmark or moleabnormal pigmentation
characterized by blemishes/comedones(blackheads)from infection or cancer
mouth, stomach, etc.
hyperpigmentation disorders: stain
Discolorationoccur after certain diseases or
after freckles, moles, etc disappear
pregnancy mask=tan b/c of hormone changes
characterized by blemishes/comedones(blackheads)from infection or cancer
mouth, stomach, etc.
hyperpigmentation disorders: Tan
caused by exposure to sunmelanin production
defense against UV rays
pregnancy mask=tan b/c of hormone changes
characterized by blemishes/comedones(blackheads)from infection or cancer
mouth, stomach, etc.
hypopigmentation
hypopigmentation disorders:
leukoderma
light, abnormal patchesdisease that destroys pigment-producing cells
ex: albinism, vitiligo
characterized by blemishes/comedones(blackheads)from infection or cancer
mouth, stomach, etc.
hypopigmentation disorders: albinismlack of melanin pigment
in skin, hair, eyesgenetic
very sensitive to light
pregnancy mask=tan b/c of hormone changes
characterized by blemishes/comedones(blackheads)from infection or cancer
mouth, stomach, etc.
hypopigmentation disorders: vitiligowhite spots/light colored areas of skin
b/c of lack of pigmentworsened by sunlight
pregnancy mask=tan b/c of hormone changes
characterized by blemishes/comedones(blackheads)from infection or cancer
mouth, stomach, etc.
Hypertrophies=abnormal growths
Keratomathickened skin (epidermis)
ex: callus
keratosesthick buildup of cells
keratosis pilarisbumpiness b/c of blocked follicles
exfoliation can help
Molebrownish spot
don’t remove hairs in moles
skin tagsmall over-growth
common on arms & neck
verrucawart
caused by virusinfectious, contagious
skin cancer----------------------------------------
skin cancer:cause: sun exposure
3 forms
basal cell carcinomamost basic, least severe
light, pearly nodes
squamous cell carcinomamore serious
scaly red growths
malignant melanomamost serious
black/dark patches, uneven texture
contagious diseases
conjunctivitispink eye-bacterial
herpes (simplex)virus
-never work on client if they have current lesions
impetigobaterial infection
small blisters/crusty lesionsvery contagious
tinea=fungal infection
tinea corporisringworm
very contagious
tinea versicoloryeast infection
verruca=wart
quick stats-80% of sun exposure you get before 18 yrs.
-1 person/hr dies of skin cancer in US
-skin cancer kills more women in late 20’s/early 30’s than breast cancer
-most parents do not correctly use sunscreen on children (93%)
-33% of adolescents never use sun screen
acne------------------
acne -primary concern of many clients
-triggered by hormonal changes
-disorder of sebaceous glands
causes clogged pores
bacteria
cosmetic products
triggers(hormones, foods, stress)
4 classes of acne1-least severe4-most severe
yay chapter 9!suggestions:
go over slides a few more timesmake flash cards with difficult terms & definitions
read book to help with hard topicslook at pictures of skin disorders on internet to help