chapter 9-10 voting, elections and campaigns 9-10 voting, elections and campaigns 1. amendments...
TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 9-10 Voting, Elections and Campaigns
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1. Amendments impacting Voting
15th - No Racial Discrimination
17th - Direct election of senators by citizens, not state legislature appointment
19th - no sex/gender discrimination (Female Suffrage)
24th - no poll taxes (used after 15th to discriminate against poor & Minorities
26th - no age discrimination if 18 (Vietnam Era - Old enough to die, old enough to vote
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2. Voter Turnout in U.S.! US Election Criticisms…. ! 1. Struggle for voting rights
! women / minority groups not until 1900s
! 2. Among lowest turnouts - 70% max turnout
! 3. 50 election laws in 50 states - confusing?
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3. So…who does vote?! 60s-70s% Presidential Years ! 30s%-40s% Non-Presidential Years
! These are called mid-terms as they fall in the middle of a President’s term. All of House up for election…Good reflection of America?
Remember - 3rd Parties may have a difficult time getting on the ballot in many states because of state ballot laws
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Voter Turnout for Presidential and Congressional Elections, 1940-2012
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Who Votes continued....2 Big Factors: ! Age
! Age Vote %
! 18-24 could dominate, don’t!
! Education ! Ed Vote %
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Voting in 2008 Presidential Elections by Age Group and Educational Level
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4. Eligibility and Registration
!Eligibility !1. US Citizenship !2. 18 (NE by date of general election) !3. Residency !4. Register by State’s Deadline - varies! !5. Not a felon - varies! In NE 2 yr loss
!Registration Laws ! Reserved Power - No Nat’l Uniformity
!Most states 10-30 days before election !NE - 3rd Friday before election (25 days)
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5. Voter Behavior1. Rational Choice - best interest of me!
2. Retrospective Voting - voting based on how an incumbent did Incumbent - someone seeking re-election
3. Prospective Voting - voting based on prediction of how a candidate will perform
4. Party-line Voting - voting based upon party ideology Party Column Ballot - ballots may be constructed to make party voting easier! (See right)
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6. Types of Elections
! 1. Primaries/Caucuses: party members choosing party nominee ! Closed primary - party members only ! Open primary - pick a party and vote (rare)
! appeals to independents and moderates ! Caucus-informal meeting to choose nominee
!Parties allocate a # of delegates to each state !Majority of Delegates = Party Nominee!
(© Cengage
Did you know...Parties used to pick candidates. Primaries opened this up!
Candy Bar Election Review!!!
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!2. General elections - Nominees for each office square off and other elections on the ballot like:
Initiatives - Bypassing St. Leg.-Voting by citizens on legislation -Why are most initiatives in off-year elections? -What was on the NE ballot this past year?
Coattail Effect - Popular candidates help those “down” on the ticket in their party. Ex. Did CO Pot Initiative ride Obama’s coattails?
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7. The Electoral College Revisited
!EC formally elects Pres. ! States have E votes = to members in Congress
- NE = 5 votes (3+2) !Winner-Take-All in 48 states !NE/ME - District Method - Can split!
! Overall State winner gets 2 ! Winner in each district gets 1.
!538 Total Electoral votes !270 to Win - No 270=HOR decides
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!3 Criticisms of Electoral College ! 1. Winner-Take-All System
! Exaggerates margin of victory…
! 2. Only Battleground States Matter - States with balance of dems and reps. is most candidate focus
! 3. Can lose majority and win Presidency ! W. Bush - 271, but lost popular vote by 500,000 ! Trump - 306, but lost popular vote by over a million
62.5 million 61.2 million
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2012
270towin.com
Homework- Electoral College Review!
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8. Money, Media, & Campaigns
!Money is mother’s milk of politics! ! $6B spent 2010-2012! RECORD
!Negative ads - Effective? ! Image - Nixon v. JFK !Negative Ads - LBJ - “Daisy Girl” ! Living Room Candidate!!!
(Photo by Time Life Pictures/National Archives/Time
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9. Changing Media
!Easier access to voters- solicit $, social media messages, etc.
!Changing face of campaigns - less volunteers, more professional marketers and pollsters
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10. Regulating Campaign $$$
!1. Early 70s - Created Federal Election Commission (FEC)
!Goals of law creating FEC - ! Limit $$ to candidates ! Create disclosure of $$ (opensecrets.org) ! Limited $$ = Hard Money
! Buckley v. Valeo - decision supporting limitations - Blesses Hard Money
Remember - FEDERAL LEVEL
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2. BCRA 2002! Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act
! BCRA Goal - KILL SOFT $$$ Loophole ! Limits $$ to parties & candidates
! Around limits….Birth of…..
! Soft $$ - Unlimited $$ to parties, w/ wink-wink expectations $$ would go to local candidates skirting Hard $$ limits
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3. Around BCRA - 02 to Today
Super PACs - Outcome of rulings… interest groups, unions, & individuals can raise and give UNLIMITED $$ to these. For now blessed by Citizens United ruling. Biggest Rule - Cannot be aligned with a campaign. Must be independent for unlimited $$
As long as individuals or groups are not tied to campaigns or parties…unlimited $
$ allowed. Why? 1st Am Rights!
2010 Citizen’s United v FEC
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Good Review!