Chapter 7, Section 1

The New Immigrants

Through the Golden Door

Why did immigrants come to America?• Famine• Land shortages• Religious persecution• Political persecution

Europeans

Between 1870 and 1920, approximately 20 million Europeans arrived in the U.S.

Before 1890 most immigrants came from Western and Northern Europe.Beginning in 1890 increasing numbers of immigrants came from Southern & Eastern Europe.

Chinese and Japanese1. Where were most Chinese immigrants arriving?

West Coast2. Why were these immigrants coming to America?

Persecution, population, spirit of reform and revolt, and hope for independent

lives3. How did Hawaii influence Japanese immigration?4. Where were these immigrants settling?

-West Indies (Eastern and Southeastern)-Mexico (South west)

Life in the New Land

The journey: was difficult and unpleasant.

Length from the Atlantic __1 week_______Length from the Pacific ___3 weeks______

Steerage is: Cheapest accommodations in a ship’s cargo.

Ellis Island

What was Castle Garden? Immigration station inNY prior to Ellis Island.What took place at Ellis Island?What was Angel Island?

Angel Island

Where was Angel Island?

• B – Back • C – Conjunctivitis • CT – Trachoma • E – Eyes • F – Face • FT – Feet • G – Goiter • H – Heart • K – Hernia • L – Lameness • N – Neck • P – Physical and Lungs • PG – Pregnancy • S – Senility • SC – Scalp (Favus) • SI – Special Inquiry • X – Suspected Mental defect • X (circled) – Definite signs of Mental defect

Immigration Restrictions

What is meant by the phrase “Melting Pot”?-a mixture of people of different cultures and races blended together by abandoning their native languages and customs.

What is “nativism”?-overt favoritism toward native-born Americans

What is the connection between immigrations and nativism?

What was the purpose of the Literacy Test?

Then they were asked 29 questions including name, occupation, and the amount of money they carried with them. Generally those immigrants who were approved spent from two to five hours at Ellis Island. However more than three thousand would-be immigrants died on Ellis Island while being held in the hospital facilities. Some unskilled workers were rejected outright because they were considered "likely to become a public charge." About 2 percent were denied admission to the U.S. and sent back to their countries of origin for reasons such as chronic contagious disease, criminal background, or insanity. Ellis Island was sometimes known as "The Island of Tears" or "Heartbreak Island“ because of those 2% who were not admitted after the long transatlantic voyage.

Anti-Asian SentimentWhat was the purpose of the

Chinese Exclusion Act?This Act banned entry to all

Chinese except students, teachers, merchants, tourists, and government officials.What was the

“Gentlemen’s Agreement”?Limited immigration with the lift

of San Francisco segregation.