Slide 1

Slide 2

I MMIGRATION Sought to escape difficult conditions Famine, Land shortages Religious/political persecution Birds of Passage Immigrate temporary Earn money Return to homelands

Slide 3

E UROPEANS 1870-1920- 20 million Europe-180-1900 population doubled (400 million) Image- US had numerous jobs Arrived on east coast (Ellis Island) 1 week journey

Slide 4

O LD VS N EW I MMIGRATION 1820-1860 from northern or western Europe [German, English, and Norwegian]. Mostly Protestants Literate and skillful in professions Came to America with money/wealth Experienced in democracy. 1880-1924 from southern or eastern Europe [Italians, Poles, eastern Europe Jews]. Asians Religions were either Catholic, Orthodox, or Jewish Illiterate and unskilled (with some exceptions) They came with little to no money Old New

Slide 5

C HINESE West coast California Gold Rush 1848 Helped build rr, farming, mining, and domestic service Chinese immigration limited-1882 Asian immigrants- 3 week journey

Slide 6

J APANESE 1884- Hawaiian planters recruited Japanese workers US annexed Hawaii in 1898 1907- 30,000 Japanese came to US 1920- 200,000 lived on west coast

Slide 7

W EST I NDIES AND M EXICO Jamaica, Cuba, Puerto Rico (West Indies) Scarce jobs and industrial boom (image of an abundance of jobs in US) Mexican immigration Farm lands in western states 1910- political and social situations in Mexico 700,000 (7% of Mexican population) over 20 years

Slide 8

E LLIS I SLAND New York Harbor Main immigration station in US 17 million immigrants Inspection Physical exam: serious health problems, contagious diseases, tuberculosis sent home Government: checked documentation, questioned immigrants to see if met legal requirements (never been convicted of a felony, able to work, had some money) Only 2% were denied entry

Slide 9

A NGEL I SLAND San Francisco Bay Primarily Asians (Chinese) 1910-1940- 50,000 Chinese immigrants Processing harsher than Ellis Island Harsh questioning Detained in filthy buildings

Slide 10

C ULTURE S HOCK When someone feels confused, uncomfortable, nervous, etc. when he or she goes to a place that is unfamiliar to them

Slide 11

M ELTING P OT Native born Americans thought of US as a melting pot Blend of different cultures Many immigrants wanted to keep their customs and cultural identity Strong anti-immigrant feelings Nativism= favoritism towards native-born Americans Push for immigrant restriction

Slide 12

N ATIVISM Increased the desire for immigration restriction Chinese Exclusion Act - 10 year immigration restriction for Chinese laborers Gentlemens Agreement (1907) - Japanese students in San Francisco put in separate schools. Japan raised a protest, Theodore Roosevelt agreed to lift segregation order if Japan would not send unskilled emigrants.

Slide 13

P ROBLEMS IN U RBAN Housing Tenements Transportation Mass transit Water No indoor plumbing Sanitation Crime Fires

Slide 14

E MPLOYEE R ESPONSES TO S TRIKES AND U NIONS Blacklisting- names of people to be barred from employment Lockouts- Company does not let employees come to work Scabs- a person who works despite strike action or against the will of other employees Yellow dog contract- Contract saying the employer will not join a labor union Open Shop- Workers have choice to join labor union. right to work states Closed Shop- Workers do not have choice, have to join union