BY :FIRDAUS ANWAR

PUBLIC SPEAKING

CHAPTER 7

PREPARING FOR DELIVERY

The two most common of these are:

1. Develop a delivery outline of key words and phrase

2. Formulate note cards

THE DELIVERY OUTLINE

1. Over 2000, Hippocrates2. Heart disease3. NIH-most efficient4. Everyone can A. E. Orstatt B. Neighbours5. (central idea) Strengthens heart, conditions

mentally, physically

USING NOTE CARDSSuggstion when using note cards:1. Use standard three-by-five, four-by-six inch.2. Always use note cards as unobtrusively as

possible.3. Make sure your notes are legible.4. Number multiple note cards.5. Write on only one side of your note card.6. Avoid writing your notes in too much detail.7. Avoid putting too much down on each card.8. Highlight ideas you wish to stress.

THE MANUSCRIPT

• CLARITYCan achieve clarity in speaking by:

1. using an oral style.- An oral style is replete with contractions- Oral sentences are usually shorter and less complex - oral sentences usually employ a subject-verb order- An oral style uses many familiar words.- An oral style makes frequent use of personal pronouns.

2. concrete words.refer to specific object or particular

instances, things that are relatively easy to visualize or define.

3. specific words.refer to a particular part of that group.

• Interestan effective way to make your speeches

more interesting is to use words that appeal to any of the five sense: sight, hearing, taste, touch, and smell.

• Appropriatenessto use sophisticated scientific

terminology in explaining the problems faced in rocket liftoff to a group of laypeople.

WRITING AND REVISING YOUR SPEECH• Some suggestion for preparing a manuscript

speech:1. Set aside an adequate block of time 2. Write your first draft as soon as possible3. Skip every other line and leave ample

margins.4. Write your speech as if you were talking to

friends.5. Try delivering your speech into a tape

recorder.

6. don’t be afraid of writing too much for your first draft.

7. Allow a cooling off period of at least twenty-four hours before you revise.

8. A manuscript speech should have a specific form.the following are typical:

a. A manuscript should be dividedb. A manuscript should be typed or printedc. A manuscript must be legible at a glanced. Multiple pages of a manuscript should be numberede. A manuscript should be neat in appearance

PRACTICING THE SPEECH• Some suggestions for practicing your speeches:1. Allow ample time for practice.2. Always practice with the same key word outline,

note cards, or manuscript.3. Always practice your speech as if you were

delivering it to your intended audience.4. Go through the entire speech during each practice.5. Do not try deliver your speech the same way.6. Do not coordinate specific gesture.

7. Practice your speech aloud with the same volume.

8. Practice your speech each time with whatever visual aids.

9. Time your speech in practice.10. Practice the way you will approach the

speaker’s stand at the begining.11. If you have access to a tape or video recorder.12. Try to practice at least once in the room.

STAGE FRIGHT

• There are two things to overcome this potential problem:

1) Become familiar with the causes of stage fright

2) Use specific techniques to control anxiety

• Causes of Stage Frightthe reason is that many begining speakers see

the situation as threatening rather than friendly. Worrying too much about what other people will think of you can cause stage fright.

• How to Control Anxiety:1. Develop a positive mental attitude about

speaking.2. Be alert both mentally and physically.3. Prepare your speech carefully.4. Develop an attention-getting introduction.5. Practice your speech adequately.

6. Make sure your speech is audience centered.

7. Give yourself a pep talk before speaking.8. Go through a few relaxing exercises prior

to speaking.9. Look for friendly faces in the audience.10. Listen carefully to the speakers who

precede you