chapter 1 public speaking
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Department of Human Services
Public SpeakingChapter 1
Dra. Baby Poernomo, M.A
Chapter 1
a. The Power of Public Speakingb. Similarities between Public Speaking & Conversationc. Differences between Public Speaking & Conversationd. Developing Confidencee. Public Speaking & Critical Thinkingf. Cultural Diversity & Public Speaking
The Power of Public Speaking
During modern times many women and men Around the globe have spread their ideasAnd influence through public speaking.
Similarities between Public Speaking & Conversation
a. Organizing your thought logicallyb. Tailoring your message to your audiencec. Telling a story for maximum impactd. Adapting to listener feedback
Differences between Public Speaking & Conversation
a. Public Speaking is more highly structuredb. Public Speaking requires more formal languagec. Public Speaking requires a different method of delivery
Developing your confidence
Nervousness is normal “Rather than trying to eliminate every trace of stage fright,
you should aim at transforming it from a negative force into what one expert calls positive nervousness - azesty, enthusiastic”
6 ways to turn your nervousness
Turn From a negative force into a positive one1. Acquire speaking experience2. Prepare-Prepare-Prepare3. Think Positively4. Use the Power of Visualization (VIDEO)5. Know that most nervousness is not visible6. Don’t Expect Perfection
Think Positively
Negative Thought(1) I wish I didn’t have to give
this speech(2) I’m not a great public
speaker(3) I’m always nervous when I
give a speech(4) No one will be interested
in what I have to say
Positive Thought(1) This speech is a chance for me to
share my ideas and gain experience as a speaker
(2) No one’s perfect, but I’m getting better with each speech I give
(3) Everyone’s nervous. If other people can handle it, I can too
(4) I have a good topic and I’m fully prepared. Of course they’ll be interested.
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Public Speaking & Critical Thinking
H o w d o y o u d e fi n e c r i t i c a l t h i n k i n g ?
“Disciplined, self-directed thinking . . . ”*
T H I N K I N
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The National Council for Excellence in Critical Thinking, 1987.
In “everyday” language:
• Thinking “outside” the box
• Thinking about thinking
• “Unlimited” thinking
• Divergent thinking
T H I N K I N
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T H I N K I N
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“The intellectually disciplinedprocess of actively and skillfullyconceptualizing, applying, analyzing, synthesizing, and evaluating information.”*
* The National Council for Excellence in Critical Thinking, 1987.
T H I N
K I N
G
“Critical thinking is the art of analyzingand evaluating thinking with a viewto improving it.”*
*The Miniature Guide to Critical Thinking: Concepts And Tools, 5 ed. The Foundation for Critical Thinking, 2008.
T H I N K I N G
“Critical thinking is . . .
• Self-disciplined• Self-monitored• Self-corrective thinking.”*
*The Miniature Guide to Critical Thinking: Concepts and Tools, 5th ed. The Foundation for Critical Thinking, 2008.
T H I N
K I N
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It concerns itself with 8 elements of thought
• Point of view• Purpose• Questions at issue• Implications and consequences• Information• Interpretation and Inference• Concepts• Assumptions
*The Miniature Guide to Critical Thinking: Concepts and Tools, 5 ed. The Foundation for Critical Thinking, 2008.
Point of View
What are the . . .–Frames of reference–Perspectives– Orientations
And how do they influence “point of view”?
Purpose
What are the
• Goals
• Objectives
And how do they relate to point of view?
What does critical thinking involve?
• Making logical inferences(based upon the information presented)
• Drawing logical conclusions(based upon the information presented)
• Higher levels of thinking, such as . . .
•Conceptualizing•Applying•Analyzing•Synthesizing•Evaluating
• Conceptualizing — developing a “mind picture”
• Applying—putting conceptual info to use
• Analyzing—closely examining, tearing apart or breaking down to really look at
• Synthesizing—pulling things together in a well-organized logical way
• Evaluating—making decisions about; reviewing; assessing; Etc.
ACTIVITIES
TIME PERMITTING, WORK THROUGH ACTIVITIES IN YOUR BOOKLET.
BE SURE TO THINK CRITICALLY!
Why is Critical Thinking Important?
Why Is Critical Thinking Important?
. . . it underlies the basic elements of communication
. . . it plays an important part in social change. . .
. . . it is a path to freedom from half-truths and deceptions
Critical thinking helps us develop:
• Intellectual Humility• Intellectual Autonomy• Intellectual Integrity• Intellectual Courage• Intellectual Perseverance• Confidence in Reason• Intellectual Empathy• Fair-mindedness
. . . traits important to the development of a multi-cultural world view and the diminishing of irrational thought!
Characteristics of “cultivated” critical thinkers
Cultivated critical thinkers . . .
Goal: to become cultivated critical thinkers
• Raises vital questions and problems, formulating them clearly and precisely;
A well cultivated critical thinker . . .
Raise vital questionsFormulate questions and problems clearly, precisely
By : --raising vital questions --formulating questions clearly and precisely
• Gathers and assesses relevant information, using abstract ideas to interpret it effectively,
•Gather information
•Analyze and assess it
• Evaluate it
By: --gathering information, then --assessing it and determining what it means and what it is worth
• Comes to well-reasoned conclusions and solutions, testing them against relevant criteria and standards;
Draw conclusionsFind solutionsUse relevant criteria to test them
By: --drawing conclusions from the information presented --finding possible solutions and testing them with relevant criteria
Keep an open mind
By --maintaining an open mind
• Communicates effectively with others in figuring out solutions to complex problems.
Network w/others;keep lines of communication open
By networking with others and maintaining open lines of communication with them and others.
Dare to think outside the box!
To become a cultivated critical thinker:
• Develop a sense of observation and curiosity• Become interested in finding new solutions• Share ideas• Ask pertinent questions• Assess statements and arguments• Seek understanding and information
Also . . .
• Examine beliefs, assumptions, and opinions; weigh them against truth • Listen to others, think about what they say, give feedback
• Become an open-minded listener and reader
Who Thinks Critically ?
Parents
Nurses
Doctors
Athletic coaches
Teachers/Professors
Who are the critical thinkers?• Parents• Nurses• Athletic coaches• Doctors• Air traffic controllers• Military commanders• Lawyers, Judges• Supervisors• Accountants• Day Care Providers
Who SHOULD think critically?
7 Elements of the Speech Communication process
Speaker
Message
Channel
ListenerFeedback
Interference
Situation
Cultural Diversity & Public Speaking
Avoiding Ethnocentrism
