PUBLIC SPEAKINGPUBLIC SPEAKING

Chapter 4Speaking Freely and Ethically

Chapter 4Speaking Freely and Ethically

Why Ethical Communication?

Why Ethical Communication?

“Ethical communication enhances human worth and dignity by fostering truthfulness, fairness, responsibility, personal integrity and respect for self and others.”

-- National Communication Association Credo for Communication Ethics

“Ethical communication enhances human worth and dignity by fostering truthfulness, fairness, responsibility, personal integrity and respect for self and others.”

-- National Communication Association Credo for Communication Ethics

What are Ethics?What are Ethics?

Values and moral principles by which we determine what is right or wrong.

Examples of ethical actions: Refusing to cheat on exams Not calling in sick when healthy Property owner who does not overstate

storm damage to insurance company

Values and moral principles by which we determine what is right or wrong.

Examples of ethical actions: Refusing to cheat on exams Not calling in sick when healthy Property owner who does not overstate

storm damage to insurance company

Ethics in Public SpeakingEthics in Public Speaking

The privilege of free speech carries with it the responsibility of ethical speaking.

1. Your speech goals, arguments and evidence must take into account the morals, values, and beliefs of your audience.

2. Ethical speaking is audience-centered.3. Ethical speaking is honest and is not

plagiarized.

The privilege of free speech carries with it the responsibility of ethical speaking.

1. Your speech goals, arguments and evidence must take into account the morals, values, and beliefs of your audience.

2. Ethical speaking is audience-centered.3. Ethical speaking is honest and is not

plagiarized.

Unethical SpeakingUnethical Speaking

Brainwashing as in Adolph Hitler’s speeches inciting German people to genocide.

Chinese speeches exhorting citizens to reveal the whereabouts of student Leaders of the 1989 uprising.

Sen. Joseph McCarthy’s false claims in the Communist “wish hunt.”

Brainwashing as in Adolph Hitler’s speeches inciting German people to genocide.

Chinese speeches exhorting citizens to reveal the whereabouts of student Leaders of the 1989 uprising.

Sen. Joseph McCarthy’s false claims in the Communist “wish hunt.”

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Speaking FreelySpeaking Freely

Have a Clear, Responsible Goal Give listeners choices. Do not keep your agenda

hidden from your listeners.

Have a Clear, Responsible Goal Give listeners choices. Do not keep your agenda

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Speaking EthicallySpeaking Ethically

First Amendment guarantees free speech.

ACLU helps protest free speech Supreme court: flag burning

protected under free speech Patriot Act sparks controversy

between national security & free speech

First Amendment guarantees free speech.

ACLU helps protest free speech Supreme court: flag burning

protected under free speech Patriot Act sparks controversy

between national security & free speech

Use sound Evidence & Reasoning tp speak

ethically

Use sound Evidence & Reasoning tp speak

ethically Do not make false claims Do not substitute emotions for

logic Keep quality of evidence high.

Do not make false claims Do not substitute emotions for

logic Keep quality of evidence high.

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Be Sensitive to & Tolerant of Differences

Be Sensitive to & Tolerant of Differences

Be willing to listen to opposing sides (accommodation).

Avoid language that might be biased or offensive.

Be willing to listen to opposing sides (accommodation).

Avoid language that might be biased or offensive.

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Be HonestBe Honest

Offering false or misleading information is unethical.

Give credit for ideas and types of information that is not your own.

Offering false or misleading information is unethical.

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Do Not PlagiarizeDo Not Plagiarize Plagiarizing: presenting someone

else’s ideas or words as though they were yours.

Plagiaphrasing: failure to give credit for compelling phrases taken from another source.

Plagiarizing: presenting someone else’s ideas or words as though they were yours.

Plagiaphrasing: failure to give credit for compelling phrases taken from another source.

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Do Your Own WorkDo Your Own Work

Think of an original approach. Avoid articles that can be

converted into speeches. Edit your own work.

Think of an original approach. Avoid articles that can be

converted into speeches. Edit your own work.

Acknowledge Your SourcesAcknowledge Your Sources

YOU MUST CITE: Direct quotes, no matter how short. Opinions or ideas of others, even if

paraphrased. Statistics. Non-original visual materials, graphs,

pictures & tables).

Give oral and written citations.

YOU MUST CITE: Direct quotes, no matter how short. Opinions or ideas of others, even if

paraphrased. Statistics. Non-original visual materials, graphs,

pictures & tables).

Give oral and written citations.

Listen EthicallyListen Ethically

Listeners share responsibility for ethical communication.

Ethical Listeners:Communication expectations and

feedback.Are sensitive to and tolerant of

differences.Critically evaluate the speaker.

Listeners share responsibility for ethical communication.

Ethical Listeners:Communication expectations and

feedback.Are sensitive to and tolerant of

differences.Critically evaluate the speaker.

DiscussDiscuss

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