chapter 7-mental health diseases and disorder hybrid 2009

8/14/2019 Chapter 7-Mental Health Diseases and Disorder Hybrid 2009

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Mental Health Diseases and

Disorders

Chapter 7



Depression

WHO predicts by 2020, depression will be a

leading cause of disability worldwide.

Affects body, mood, & thoughts Syndrome of symptoms that comes in the

form of: Depression

Dysthymia

Bipolar disorder



Major Depression

Feelings of worthlessness, guilt, &hopelessness. Can’t enjoy life’s pleasures

Symptoms: Difficulty in working Difficulty in studying Difficulty in sleeping

Suicidal tendencies



Dysthymia

Less-severe form of depression

involving long-term, chronic symptoms

Does not disable individual

Most have an episode of major

depression



Bipolar Disorder

Also called manic-depressive disorder

Cycling mood changes from severe highs

(mania) to severe lows (depression) Mania

Overactive, talks too much has enormous

energy

Affects judgment, thinking, & social behavior



Depression Etiology

Has genetic tendencies Gene for serotonin plays a role

Associated with: metabolic disturbances endocrine disorders nervous disorders Cancers cardiovascular disorders degenerative diseases alcohol and drug abuse



Depression Signs & Symptoms

Sad moods

Loss of interest in pleasurable

activities that lasts more than a few

days

Difficulty concentrating

Fatigue and insomnia

Loss of appetite



Mania Symptoms

Abnormal elation Unusual irritability

Decreases need for sleep Grandiose notions Racing thoughts & increased talking Increased sexual desire

Increased energy Poor judgment Inappropriate social behavior



Depression Diagnosis At least 5 of following symptoms

Persistent, sad, anxious or depressed mood Diminished interest in all activities Significant weight loss or weight gain

Insomnia or excessive sleep Agitated or reduced psychomotor activity Fatigue or loss of energy Inappropriate guilt feelings for feelings of

worthlessness, hopelessness

Diminished ability to concentrate, make decisions,remember

Thoughts of death or suicide Persistent physical symptoms that do not respond to

treatment.



Depression Statistics

Women 2Xs more- associated withhormonal factors

Suicide in men 4Xs more common

Men turn to alcohol & drugs; more likelyexhibit symptoms of irritability, anger, &being discouraged

Adolescent’s depression associated with: Feelings of low self-esteem Conflict with parents Disturbing events Feelings of no control



Depression’s Treatment

Drug therapy Selective Serotonin reuptake inhibitors

(SSRIs) Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)

Psychotherapy Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)



Depression Prevention

Stress management techniques

Avoiding drugs, alcohol & caffeine

Exercising regularly

Maintaining good sleep habits



Schizophrenia Altered sensory perception disorder with physical

& psychological changes that affect brainfunctioning, behavior patterns and all five senses

Most chronic & disabling of severe mental

illnesses Five types

Paranoid Disorganized

Catatonic Undifferentiated Residual



Schizophrenia Etiology

Genetic theory Potential gene defect on chromosome 13 &

6 Predisposing genetic factors

Intrauterine starvation

Viral infections

Perinatal complications

Increased risk with 1st degree relative



Schizophrenia Symptoms

Two or more of following symptomspresent for at least 1 month: Positive (those that are excessive or

distortions of normal function) Hallucinations, delusions, & disorganized speech

Negative (those that reflect a loss of decreasein normal function) Inability to speak (alogia) Attention deficit Decreased motivation (avolition)



Schizophrenia Diagnosis

Family history

Computed tomography (CT) scans

Psychiatric evaluation & interview with

individual & family members



Schizophrenia Treatment

Psychotherapy & counseling

Psychotropic medications Atypical antipsychotics – useful in

treatment of psychosis



Anxiety Disorders

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) Excessive & unrealistic worry lasting 6 months or longer Gastrointestinal upset, heart palpitations, headaches

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) Persistent thoughts reflect exaggerated fear

Panic disorder Intense apprehension, terror or impending doom

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Psychological consequences of a traumatic event

Phobias Persistent & irrational fear of an object, activity or situation



Personality Disorders

Antisocial Personality Disorder Disregard for rights of others; lying & manipulating

Borderline Personality Disorder

Seeks attention, has excessive emotions, self-destructive behavior, mood swings

Narcissistic Personality Disorder Lack of empathy; need for admiration & grandiosity

Avoidant Personality Disorder Feels of inadequacies; can’t take criticism, social

inhibition



Substance Abuse

Opiates & Narcotics Heroin, Codeine, Demerol, Oxycontin, Fentanyl

Stimulants Amphetamines, Cocaine, Methamphetamines, Caffeine,

Nicotine Depressants

Barbiturates, Alcohol, Benzodiazepine (Valium, Ativan,Xanax)

Hallucinogens

LSD, ecstasy, PCP (angel dust) Anabolic Steroids

Methyltestosterone

Tetrahydrocannabinol Cannabis, marijuana, hashish



Drug Testing

ideal for pre-employment, random,reasonable cause, corrections,clinical, hospital, and personal use

Urine dip-stick test Amphetamine 1000 ng/ml

Barbiturates 200 ng/mlBenzodiazepines 300ng/mlCocaine 300 ng/ml,Methadone 300 ng/mlMorphine/Opiates 2000 ng/ml

Methamphetamine 1000 ng/mlMarijuana (THC) 50 ng/mlPCP 25 ng/mlEcstasy (MDMA) 500 ng/m



Mental Retardation

Sub average intellectual functioning

4 Types defined by degree of severity

Mild, Moderate, Severe & Profound Combination of Factors

Chromosomal abnormalities, hydrocephalus,metabolic causes (PKU), poor nutrition,

prematurity, infection, intoxication, leadpoisoning, rubella, autism



ADHD & ADD

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

Neurobiological disorder

Signs Distractible, impulsive, hyperactive,

inattentive



Eating Disorders

Anorexia Nervosa Self-imposed starvation

Irrational fear of gaining weight Bulimia Nervosa

Repetitive gorging with food, followed by

self-induced vomiting Involves laxative abuse, use of diuretics

and fasting



Sexual Disorders

Three Types Sexual Pain Disorders

Dyspareunia – painful intercourse Sexual Arousal Disorder

Male Erectile Disorder

Female arousal disorder Orgasmic Disorder

Premature Ejaculation

chapter 7-mental health diseases and disorder hybrid 2009

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